Assembly of houses from a bar. How to properly and efficiently assemble a house from a bar. Warming and decoration of the house

Houses made of profiled timber are cozy and reliable. They have proven their worth many years ago. A lot of time has passed, and the benefits wooden houses are only added. Nowadays, such houses are being built quite quickly, because they are assembled like children's designer. This is also supported by the presence special fasteners and availability of materials. In this article, we will look at how you can build a house from a profiled beam on your own.

1. Base and floor installation
2. Warming and decoration of the house

Features of profiled timber

Profiled timber is a building material that is extracted from trees. conifers, for example, pine, cedar, spruce, larch. If you look closely at the material, you will notice that the inside is flat and planed, and the outside is semi-oval, or it can also be even. On the sides there is a special groove and spike, which allow you to quickly and efficiently fasten the timber together. The main advantage of profiled timber is environmental friendliness, since it is made without the use of glue.

Also, the material is very warm and relatively inexpensive. These moments bribe many people. As mentioned above, profiled timber is quite easy and quick to assemble, which is good news for hobbyists. self construction. But do not forget that profiled timber is a tree on which pores remain. Over time, mold, fungi, etc. can grow there. Therefore, it is always necessary to treat wood with special protective compounds.

The profiled timber has practically no cracks, but if they appear, they can expand over time. It is very important to ensure that the cracks do not turn into through. Also remember that everything wooden houses do not tolerate moisture. Therefore, you should carefully monitor the roof and not delay its repair. If your house will be periodically exposed to cold weather, additional insulation should be done.

The beginning of the construction of a house from a bar

It is very important to draw up a project of a house from a profiled beam. When you make a plan, carefully and accurately do all the calculations, as this will play a very important role in the purchase of material. You can draw a project of the future house yourself, or you can contact a construction company. Before you start preparing for construction, you should understand that best time for construction - winter.

If you plan to harvest wood yourself, it is better to do it in the cold season and dry it at home for a long time. In this case, the beam will shrink evenly and calmly. But don't go to extremes very coldy it is better to refuse such work, since the tree can become very fragile.

When procuring material yourself, you must consider all factors and choose healthy tree no cracks. After that, you need to cut the logs evenly and treat them with a special antiseptic. You can purchase ready-made material, which will be trimmed to your requirements. Also, grooves will be cut there, and you just have to lay out the house from the profiled timber with your own hands, like a designer.

Building a foundation for a house

Before you decide on the type of foundation you need, study the geological conditions. To do this, you need to know the indicator ground water, soil composition, look at the foundation structures of already built houses in this area. Strip foundations are often laid for houses made of concrete, brick or cinder blocks. The process of building such foundations is quite simple, but it is characterized by high material consumption and labor intensity.

For wooden buildings made of timber, columnar, pile or shallowly recessed are ideal strip foundation. Let's look at the scheme for constructing a shallowly buried strip foundation. It all starts with markup. Accuracy is very important in this process. External and internal corners mark buildings with pegs. After that, you need to combine them with a cord to give volume. Thus, you will understand how the foundation should look like.

After that, you can start digging a hole, the depth of which should not exceed 60 centimeters. But making too little depth is also not worth it, because we are building a house from profiled timber and do not want to reduce the strength of the structure with our rash actions. Two bayonets of a shovel will be enough. However, you should not deviate from initial markup more than 20 centimeters. After that, you need to put a crushed stone pillow. The bottom of the trench as part of this procedure is covered with a layer of sand (or dense soil) of 10 centimeters and a layer of crushed stone of the same thickness.

You can make the formwork yourself or order it. Homemade formwork is made of wood, in which there are no cracks and seams. When ordering, it is better to choose steel or plastic formwork. You must install the formwork into the trench and center it. To increase strength, it makes sense to use reinforcement - parallel rods with jumpers. The diameter of the reinforcement must be at least 1 centimeter.

It is advisable to use a frame and at least 2 reinforcement belts. When welding, they should not be placed closer than 3 centimeters. The rods should fit freely into the trench, but not be closer than 5 centimeters. After that, you can moisten the formwork with water and start pouring concrete. If you are using wooden formwork, moisten it harder so that the tree does not absorb moisture from the solution. The formwork is removed immediately after the mortar has dried.

For insulation, you can use slabs of extruded polystyrene foam 5 centimeters each, and at the corners of the foundation - 8 centimeters each. When the sides of the foundation of the house from the profiled timber are pitched, crushed stone is poured into the place of the formwork. This is necessary for waterproofing. top the foundation can be isolated using roofing material. Then it is imperative to backfill, for which you can use the previously withdrawn soil.

Base and floor installation

The construction of any house begins with the creation of a row that fits on a processed and leveled waterproofing foundation. It is worth noting that for external walls it is necessary to use a beam with a section of 150 by 150 millimeters, and for the floor and internal walls - 100 by 50 millimeters. When the first row is laid, it should be treated with an antiseptic, for good fortification. After that, it is necessary to mount the floor logs, which it is desirable to lay on the edge.

Logs can be installed on the foundation of the house and attached to the walls of the log house, as shown in the video about houses from profiled timber. They must be put in the room and left there for several days to get used to the temperature. Two logs should be placed on opposite walls and nylon threads should be pulled between them, every one and a half meters. These threads will serve as a guideline by which you can make the rest of the logs. Gaps and voids will form between the lags, which should be filled with insulation. As insulation, you can choose sawdust, polystyrene, isolon, mineral wool and polystyrene foam.

If you will lay logs from boards 30 - 40 centimeters thick, then the distance between them should be 80 centimeters. If the thickness of the floor boards is less, the distance should be 50 - 60 centimeters, and for too thick boards - about 1 meter. Using wedges made of thin plywood or wood, you can adjust the height of the log. You can secure the wedges with self-tapping screws or long nails. Logs are fixed with anchors or dowels. After that, you can proceed to the installation and strengthening of the boards.

One and a half centimeters should be retreated from the wall and the first row of boards should be strengthened along a stretched line. For self-tapping screws, holes should be drilled. It is necessary to lay a board on each log and strengthen it. If gaps remain between the wall and the floor, they can be covered with a plinth or brackets, which should be connected to the board and fastened with nails. The draft floor is covered with thermal insulation on both sides. For him, boards with a section of 25 by 150 millimeters are suitable.

The floor can be laid with or without displacement, judging by the photo of houses made of profiled timber. First you must lay the first layer and lay on it wooden flooring. Remember the waterproofing that lies on the rough base of the future floor. For these purposes, you can use penofol or dense polyethylene. On the last step the floor should be covered with any material. For this, a grooved board with a thickness of 28 or 36 millimeters is perfect.

Construction of walls from profiled timber

To build walls log house, it is necessary to lay out alternate rows of timber. Each subsequent row is fastened together with dowels (pins for vertical connection), which does not allow the beam to move or twist. Pins can be made of metal or wood. It is advisable to use the same tree from which the house is built. It is known that metal dowels are more reliable, but they are more expensive than wooden ones, and the cost of a house made of profiled timber will increase in this case.

How are pins installed? This happens according to the method brickwork, through two or three rows through one. To do this, it is necessary to drill holes, the diameter of which is 3 - 4 centimeters. Pins will be easily inserted into these holes. The distance between the pins should be one and a half meters. Between the rows of timber, do not forget to lay a sealant for insulation. Where external walls are connected, it is desirable to apply the " warm corner».

In one beam, a ledge should be cut required size, and in the other - cut a groove with similar parameters. Some layers of timber can be alternated with grooves and spikes. This will greatly strengthen the structure, and the corners will not be blown. If you are building a house of one and a half floors, the walls of the second floor must be raised by about 1200-1500 millimeters, it depends on the steepness. Partitions must be included in the main walls of the floor. For them, you can use a bar with a section of 100 by 150 millimeters. The installation of partitions is done only after the creation of the log house.

If the dimensions of the house are larger than 6 by 6 meters, there should be at least one partition wall on the first floor, which will provide additional support for the floor on the second floor. If you want to reduce the price of a house made of profiled timber, internal walls can be framed. To do this, you need to create a frame of bars with a section of 50 to 50, sheathe it with clapboard or other material. To wooden house was fire resistant, all its parts must be treated with flame retardant. You can apply it to the walls with a spray gun or a paint brush.

And the last point that is worth understanding when building walls: pay due attention to creating window openings. In places where windows are installed, it is necessary to cut technological openings through which air will move during the drying of the material. When the house finally sits down, you can carry out the installation of windows. window blocks for a structure made of profiled timber, they can be metal-plastic or wooden.

Warming and decoration of the house

If the thermal insulation of a wooden house is of high quality, you can reduce the cost of heating it. Wall insulation will significantly reduce your heating costs, regardless of fuel. Exterior finish at home significantly increases thermal insulation, due to a decrease in the moisture content of the timber. She isolates him from various precipitation. Most popular species finishes are clapboard and siding, but siding is best not to use for a wooden house.

You can use mineral wool, glass wool slabs, tow or flax jute. Glass wool slabs must be laid with foil vapor barrier material. This approach will help to reflect heat into the room, and the vapor barrier will reduce the evaporation of moisture, which, as you know, steals heat.

It is worth noting that for insulation, according to the technology of houses made of profiled timber, it is better not to use expanded polystyrene, since it will not allow the moisture of the tree to evaporate completely and will cause the wood to rot. For the same reasons, you should not isolate the walls with roofing material, plastic wrap or parchment. It is better to use a vapor-permeable membrane material.

Inside, it is also desirable to trim the profiled timber, as this will give you additional thermal insulation. Interior decoration can be made of lining, hardboard or drywall. Remember that the insulation should resemble a layer cake. Each layer should be a protection against heat loss and prevent the penetration of cold and moisture. If you plan to spend time in the house only in the summer, you can not warm it.

Roof for a house made of profiled timber

To cover the roof, you can use ondulin, corrugated board, roofing material, metal tiles. Remember that warming should start from the last or attic floor, and then go to the roof itself. According to the structure future roof, you need to install ceiling beams, rafters and crate. When the walls are built, ceiling joists should be laid, which should protrude 50 centimeters beyond the base of the wall. Logs are made of a bar with a section of 150 by 100 millimeters. They must be laid out on edge at a distance of approximately 90 centimeters from each other.

After that, you should collect truss system from boards with a section of 50 by 150 millimeters. This design is the skeleton of the roof, so it needs to be strongly strengthened with the help of racks, crossbars and braces. Rafters should be mounted in increments of no more than one centimeter. When the frame is ready, you can start laying out the fronts, which can be made from siding or timber with a section of 150 by 150 millimeters. At the last stage, a crate with a section of 25 by 150 millimeters should be nailed to the rafters.

It should be noted that the pitch of the crate should not be more than 400 millimeters. To prevent the accumulation of condensate, it is necessary to make a vapor barrier using a layer of waterproofing. If you used slate as a roof covering, and the attic is blown through, you can refuse waterproofing during the construction of a house from profiled timber.

When choosing a coating material, it is necessary to pay attention to the recommendations of the manufacturer, since for different type coatings may differ significantly. When installing, it is very important to adhere to the specified fastening techniques. Otherwise, the integrity of the roof may be compromised. If you strictly follow the principle of laying the selected material, you can easily build the roof of the house yourself.

Building a house from a bar is perhaps the easiest way to build a house with your own hands. You do not need to have special skills for this, and if you know how to use a chainsaw, then you can easily cope with this job. It will turn out to assemble the house, like a designer with whom you played as a child. For this, special fasteners are provided along the edges of the material. You need a solid foundation and reliable roof! We hope that this article will help you understand construction technology and build a reliable and beautiful house from profiled timber!

All photos from the article

Modern house from profiled timber - this is a very reliable structure with high operational characteristics. The naturalness of the material makes this option much more attractive than most others, and the possibility of implementing any ideas will make it possible to realize the most original ideas. In this review, we will consider what nuances should be considered during the assembly process and what criteria should be followed when choosing a particular option.

Pros and cons of this option

To begin with, let's figure out what advantages a profiled beam has:

Important!
Remember one a simple recommendation: in the process of work, handle the elements carefully, do not walk on them and do not put them on dirty surfaces, otherwise you will later have to remove all these contaminants with sandpaper.
It is much easier to be careful and not do unnecessary work.

To build a house from a bar, certain carpentry skills are required. The process of building a house is carried out in several stages. The laying of profiled timber should be carried out according to the developed technology in order to achieve the best result. It is also important to carry out appropriate calculations and select high-quality materials. The work carried out by specialists will help to build a house as soon as possible and save costs.

Laying profiled timber right technology provide high quality buildings Source tiu.ru

Foundation preparation

To build a house optimal foundation considered to be tape. For its arrangement, stones and vegetation are removed, mounds and pits are leveled. When the site is leveled, the marking of the territory is carried out. After that, a trench is dug, the depth of which depends on the height of the future building and the soil, the width is at least 25 cm. The profiled beam is light enough, so a shallow foundation can be used for a one-story building.

For construction of several floors or erection on unstable soil, the foundation must correspond to the level of soil freezing. On average, this figure reaches 1.2-1.5 m.

The following materials are needed for the foundation:

concrete, sand, gravel;

formwork;

reinforcing rods.

Every home starts with the preparation of the foundation. Source penza-press.ru

The trench is covered with sand and gravel, a mesh is laid with rods to reinforce the foundation. To connect the rods, it is recommended to use a knitting wire, not welding. The formwork is laid out, and then everything is poured with concrete. For the manufacture of concrete mortar cement, sand and gravel are used - all components are thoroughly mixed. The ratio of materials is 1:3:4, the brand of cement is at least 400. The foundation stands for about 2 weeks.

Laying the first row

For the construction, only smooth and whole bars are used, which have no visible defects. Laying timber must meet all technological standards. Only light and dry materials are used, if gray sections or spots are found on it, then they cannot be used. In the process of construction, roofing material, bitumen, pins and an antiseptic are additionally laid.

For structural strength, dowels are used to fasten the timber Source myvideosait.ru

The dried foundation is covered with bitumen, roofing material is on top, its width is at least 20 cm more than the foundation, the edges hang evenly on both sides. Such waterproofing will protect the future structure from moisture. At all joints, the roofing material is laid with an overlap of 10 cm, well coated with bitumen and pressed. Before assembly, you must determine the type of connection in the corners. A cutout at the upper beam of the lower part is considered advantageous, and vice versa at the bottom. This mounting option allows you to save on material, and the ends will not go beyond the corners of the building.

All work on the assembly of the structure begins with the marking and further cutting of the prepared material. Before assembly, the tree is treated with an antiseptic, dried, and only then holes are drilled in it every 50 cm along the timber. Two beams are laid on both sides, more on top, grooves are made in them at the ends. The row is leveled, and the corners are adjusted, the protrusions are corrected with a planer.

After fixing the first row, assembling a house from a bar involves the installation of a floor covering, as well as the foundation of the walls. Beams of 15x10 cm are used. Grooves of 40 cm are cut out in the bars with inside(it is recommended to use "T"-shaped grooves), the ends of the beams must be cut. This method of tie-in increases the strength of the joints. After installing the beams, they are aligned horizontally so that they are in the same plane.

Beam marking

1 - joints;

A, C / D, B - longitudinal / transverse walls;

E - partitions.

Walls can be built from solid timber and extensions, partitions / transverse - from solid timber. In the longitudinal wall, an overlap of 15 cm is made to the floor. For the most accurate and the same size and cutouts, it is best to use templates that will help you quickly complete the process and transfer the contours to the timber.

All markings on the bars are made according to one template Source pinterest.ru

Joining a log house, drilling holes, insulation

To connect each crown, dowels made of wood or metal are used. From the end of the beam, they are located at a distance of at least 25 cm, and then every 0.9-1.5 m. For any part, even the smallest, at least two dowels should be used, the length of which is at least one and a half times more timber. The pins must be deepened into the tree by a few centimeters.

The holes are slightly smaller in diameter so that they fit snugly. The depth of the hole is a few centimeters more than the dowels used. For drilling, a drill with a limiter is used so that all dimensions are the same. Sealing is carried out with a tape of a special insulation. The tape is stretched over the entire surface of the beam in several layers, fixed with staples. Outside, if the wall is not sheathed, the gasket is made at a distance of several centimeters so that it does not get wet.

The beam is overlapped on top of each other, the edges are fixed with dowels. Source rwhouse.ru

Walling

A log can be tied up in several ways:

in a paw or bowl - for round logs;

on the root spike - for rectangular section, a time-consuming method, but provides high density joints.

The pins used can be wood or metal. Standard sizes height 12-15 cm, thickness 2.5 cm, the holes for them should be a few centimeters deeper. The laid row is adjusted in the corners, the insulation is laid and the next crown of logs is laid on top, then the dowels are driven in. Insulation can be tow, felt or jute. Fixation of materials is carried out with a stapler. When several rows are assembled, openings for windows and doors are cut out, holes are made on the sections to ensure air exchange. On the last two rows, grooves are made for the ceiling.

At a sufficient level of laying the timber, openings for windows and doors are cut out. Source iskona.org

When assembling the walls, one must take into account the fact that virtually all the bars will differ by millimeters from each other, which can adversely affect the result. Therefore, to make a flat side is obtained only from the inside or outside. Sometimes a curved or twisted beam will come across. It is recommended that the former be cut into small pieces, and the latter should be used for various outbuildings on the site, baths, or used for other purposes. A beam curved in one plane cannot be used for walls, expecting that it will level out under the weight of other materials - this will not happen. A curved beam can be laid into the wall only by aligning it horizontally with consistent fixation with dowels.

In the process of work, the assembly is constantly checked, and following options. If any deviations are found further work stop until the problem is fixed. Particular attention is paid to the height of the corners and verticality. In case of problems with verticality, the problem is eliminated up to the replacement of the bars. In this case, the height of the corners can be adjusted by spacers between the crowns.

All corners in the house, vertical and horizontal, must be 90° Source cocinandote.com

The assembly of a timber house can be carried out in two ways of laying timber - with or without residue. In the first case, you can get a warmer and more stable house with the simplest construction scheme. However, the material will be consumed with large quantity waste, increased laying costs and a smaller building area. In addition, such a house is very difficult to insulate or sheathe with siding. In the second case, there will be no convex walls, so additional finishing and insulation can be carried out, the total space inside increases. But it is very important to adhere to all technology so that the house is not blown through.

Openings for doors and windows

The formation of the doorway begins with the 2nd crown, the height to the window is at least 70 cm. The formation of openings can be carried out in two ways. "Draft" opening preparation for the creation of the opening. The opening itself is equipped for installation after shrinkage of the timber. The assembly of the structure is accelerated, bars are mounted in the openings for fastening the walls.

In the second option, they are immediately equipped for installation, decks are placed that connect the timber and act as slopes. If installation is to be plastic windows, then the decks can not be put. A vertical groove is made at the ends along the opening, where the rail is inserted. Reiki / decks are made 5-7 cm smaller than the opening so that it does not interfere with shrinkage.

Installation of windows and doors with a "rough" opening is carried out by sawing it to the appropriate dimensions. The joints are sealed with a heater, it must be nailed at an angle. Then a window box is inserted, fixed to the deck with self-tapping screws, a gap for shrinkage on top, it is filled with soft insulation.

When installing the box, the windows must leave gaps for shrinkage. Source patter.ru

Roof assembly

The beams lie at a distance of 90-110 cm from each other, if the attic is used as a living space, then beams of 15-20 cm are used, non-residential - 10-15 cm. After that, the support posts and rafters are fastened. Boards with a width of about 15 cm and a maximum thickness of 2 cm are used for the crate. The distance between the rafters depends entirely on the weight of the ceiling, the standard is 1.2 cm, fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or nails. Maximum attention is paid to the fasteners of the support posts. Waterproofing is laid on the crate, and then the roofing.

Video description

Briefly, the process of building a house from a bar displays this video:

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of building houses from profiled timber on a turnkey basis. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Conclusion

Laying profiled timber requires certain knowledge and skills. It is very important to prepare quality material and observe all construction technology. Only in this case, you can get a good, warm and durable house, bathhouse or other building. Profiled timber is different favorable price and light weight, so it allows you to further save on the foundation.

All photos from the article

Construction technology timber houses, as well as houses made of round timber, has a number of features associated with the specifics of the building material. For example, in the project it is necessary to take into account a decent shrinkage of the house, and a lot also depends on whether the house was assembled correctly from the beams. Given the many nuances, this issue should be considered in more detail.

General stages of log construction

The assembly of wooden houses from a bar is only one of the stages of building a house, in addition to this, the construction technology includes such stages as:

• foundation device - it makes no sense to consider this stage in detail, it is only worth noting that a strip reinforced foundation is suitable for a 2-storey house, and one-story buildings a columnar or variant with a grillage may suffice;

• then there is the direct assembly of the beam from the log house, the laying is carried out along the crowns, and here the execution of the work may already differ in details. Some prefer to use dowels for greater strength and rigidity of the walls, others use profiled timber without dowels. This stage is discussed in more detail below;

Note! Profiled solid timber usually undergoes chamber drying, so it is ideal for building a house. Its cost can be considered a small minus, but the increased price is justified - after all, the buyer receives a bar with minimal moisture, which reduces the shrinkage period and the likelihood of cracking the tree.

• then a roof is built and the house is allowed to stand. The time during which the house "sits down" varies greatly depending on the conditions of construction, the type of wood, the type of lumber, and even the time of their harvest;

• final interior decoration at home, the installation of windows and doors can be performed after the house has completely shrunk. In order to at least roughly navigate the timing, you can use a moisture meter, the average moisture content of the timber should not be higher than 20-25%.

Note! If the deadlines are running out, then glued laminated timber can save the situation. Assembling a house from glued beams does not provide for a long standing of the house, this is not necessary, since the beam itself is glued from several pre-dried boards.

More about building a house

Assembling a house from logs or timber is quite painstaking work so it's best not to rush. The negligence made at this stage can turn into serious troubles in the future, which cannot be 100% eliminated.

Walling

For additional protection log house on the foundation, the bars of the lower trim are first laid, their cross section is somewhat larger than the thickness of the future wall. And if the foundation is columnar, then the assembly of a log house from a bar involves the use of a double lower trim. This is necessary due to the fact that the bars will bend, so you need to increase their height.

Note! Before laying the lower trim, a layer of a waterproofing agent must be applied to the surface of the foundation (coated waterproofing can be used).

After that, you can proceed to laying along the crowns, until one crown is laid, it is impossible to start laying the second. If an ordinary solid beam is used for construction, then it can be recommended to use dowels through 3-4 beams with a step between them of 2-3 m. Dowels can be both wooden and metal and significantly increase the rigidity of the wall, the risk that the wall will lead when it dries is significantly reduced.

In principle, the assembly of a log house can be carried out without additional joining of the beams into vertical plane. This is quite acceptable when using profiled dried timber, in this case, the selected grooves on the surface of the lumber are sufficient.

But usually pins are still not neglected - they do not greatly affect the final cost, and an increase in reliability will definitely not be superfluous. Moreover, quite often preference is given to wooden dowels, metal dowels are not very suitable for these purposes, since condensation can form on their surface, and this is fraught with rotting of the wood.

Also great importance has the type of timber, or rather the profile of its surface.

The following options are possible:

• german profile(comb), characterized by a large number of teeth small size. In this case, assembling a profiled beam with your own hands does not require laying a heater between them;

Using this method of combining bars is difficult to consider appropriate in our time:

• the risk of timber decay from the inside increases (due to condensation on the metal);
• the cost of such studs is high (it can reach up to 400 rubles / m), since screeds are installed in increments of 1.5-2.0 m to a depth of 30-40 cm, then in total such a purchase will cost a lot;
• one of the advantages of this method, some call adjustment of shrinkage, but this is not true. The only thing that can be achieved is that the bars will not lead when dried.

There is an opinion among professionals that the trend of using screed studs has gone since the time when the assembly of glued laminated timber was still being mastered. It was necessary to minimize the warping of the timber in any way, and the screed solved this issue. In principle, the Finns also use something similar, but there metal ties are applied only on releases, it is justified.

In quite budget option it is also possible to assemble the beam on nails, but this is not the best option, its only advantage can be considered perhaps a small cost.

Floor device

After the erection of the walls, you can do the device of the floor of the first floor and floors.

The instruction for the installation of the floor of the first floor will look like this:

• the beams will be attached to the beam of the lower trim. If used double beam, then in the upper one you can simply make cuttings up to 5 cm deep and thus rigidly fix the ends of the floor beams. In the case of a single beam, steel brackets can be used to support the ends of the beams on them;

• further, small bars are attached to the bottom of the beams to create a support for the subfloor. A draft floor is laid on them;
• then follows a layer of insulation, on top of it - a vapor barrier membrane;
• only after that it is possible to lay the finishing floor boards on the floor.

The design of interfloor ceilings can be simplified and dispense with a heat-insulating layer. At the same time, floor beams can be left as an element of the interior, this will only decorate the room.

Ready houses from a bar

If the cost does not matter, then you can order a finished log house. That is, the question of how a house is assembled from a bar does not have to be solved, specialists will first assemble it at their production site, then disassemble it, deliver it to the construction site and assemble it again. After that, you can proceed to the finish.

At the same time, the process itself is a bit like a designer - all the details are already perfectly sized and marked with numbers. So it remains only to arrange them in accordance with the project.

According to the same scheme, the assembly of a bath from a bar can also be performed. Although, the bath is not such a large-scale structure, so you can try to build it yourself. To facilitate the work, you can use ordinary dried timber and nails instead of dowels to combine the timbers.

For centuries, people have been building houses out of wood. And although the market is now teeming with modern building materials, wooden buildings still have not lost their popularity.

A house made of timber is comfort and warmth, a beautiful appearance and an environmentally friendly atmosphere. In addition, such houses are elementary in construction, and you can even assemble them with my own hands. Interested? Then it is worth considering in more detail how to properly assemble a house from a bar.

Advantages of log houses

First of all, I want to talk in more detail about the advantages of timber buildings.

1. These houses are breathable. More than 35% of the air is renewed only due to the walls. In conditions high humidity wooden floors absorb excess moisture, and in dry weather, on the contrary, give it away. These houses have an indescribable aroma peculiar only to them. It is given by resins and various oils contained in wood. And, of course, do not forget about the antiseptic properties of these buildings. In general, for lovers of a healthy lifestyle, wooden houses made of timber are the best option.
2. It is possible to engage in the construction of buildings from a bar all year round. Yes, and the beam itself can be used anywhere: whether it is an elite building, country house or Russian banya. It is not difficult to build and insulate a log house from a bar; there is no need to cut logs to each other, as in the construction of log houses. In addition, using these technologies, it is possible to design more original buildings than when building log houses.
3. The bar is rather unpretentious building material. There is no need for special conditions for its storage.
4. Given all the above advantages, buildings made of timber are distinguished by a fairly affordable cost.

Of course, the beam has its drawbacks. It can dry out, rot, deform, and ignite quite easily. But if there is a problem, then there is a way to solve it. Modern impregnations increase the service life of such houses and add fire-resistant characteristics.

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Which timber is best for building a house

There are 3 types of timber: glued, profiled and ordinary.

The most common timber sizes are 200*200, 150*100, 150*150. Standard length- 6 m. The biggest drawback of the timber is its shrinkage. It lasts throughout the entire time of production, transportation, assembly. Deforming processes are ongoing, and it is impossible to achieve high matching accuracy. For the same reason, cracks may appear on the front faces. At

timber planting reaches 3-5% and takes from 6 months to three years, a house about 2.5 m high can sit down by 40 cm. These disadvantages apply only to timber natural humidity. Therefore, there is a kind of bar that goes through the procedure chamber drying. It is also subject to shrinkage, only it reaches only 1-2%. Risk of severe deformity and appearance large cracks this material is kept to a minimum. Such a bar costs about 20% more than usual.

by the most quality option is profiled timber. It's much easier to work with. Its shape is reduced to a standard rectangle, and the surface is well polished. In the profiled beam on top there is a protrusion and a recess, a spike and a groove. Therefore, a frame made of profiled timber does not give distortion during draft, since the bars are inserted into each other and dry in one wall during draft, without violating the geometry of the frame.

Technologies allow you to assemble a house from profiled timber in such a way that it is protected from the appearance of foci of decay, does not require additional finishing and is attractive appearance. Profiled timber can be both natural moisture, and passed through drying.

For external walls at home it is better to use a profiled beam with a section of 180 * 180 or more - for the north of Russia, for other regions with winter temperatures not exceeding 20 °С -150*150 mm.

Compliance with this condition will avoid additional costs for warming the house, since it simply will not be required. In addition, wall insulation with modern heat-preserving materials worsens the possibility natural ventilation log house and reduces the period of its use.

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The foundation for a house made of timber

The ideal foundation for a log cabin is a solid slab. But as a rule, it is quite expensive, and it is used only for soft soils. More often, a shallow strip foundation is used. A prerequisite in this case, there will be a sand-gravel cushion device.

If a log cabin is designed for 2 families, then both basements must be divided by a solid foundation cofferdam under the load-bearing dividing floor. In addition, the ribbon jumper will increase the strength of the common foundation with one of the dimensions of the log house more than 10 m. Passages must be made in the solid jumper to provide access to any place in the basement.

Can be raised and pile foundation, but then it will be necessary to close the space between the pillars with a sprinkle. In this case, it is recommended to use concrete plates factory-made or pillars of profiled timber with a cross section of at least 150x150. Plates own production do not provide guarantees of strength and stability and at the same time are quite expensive.

The foundation must be made in such a way that the 1st row of timber is at a height of at least half a meter from the surface. You can do this with 2 options:

• build formwork up to this mark;
• pour the foundation at the level of the soil and lay out the so-called zero of the brick.

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How to properly assemble a house from a bar

The number of beam rows is determined based on the estimated height interior spaces log house from floor surface to ceiling divided by the size of the section of the beam. Additionally, it is necessary to make two rows of lower trim to the floor level and two rows top harness log house above the level of the ceiling. When calculating the amount of building material, it is advisable to subtract the sum of the dimensions of the openings calculated for windows and doors.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to prepare the material. First, it needs to be oriented. Perfect even beam is quite rare, so you need to decide which side you will put the beam inward. If there is a bulge in one plane, the beam goes up with a hump, if in 2 - then up and out.

Optimal for assembling a log house is winter period. Wood harvested in winter is also different the best performance. It is frost-dried and gives minimal draft. But it should be borne in mind that under extreme high temperatures such bars can split when assembled with nails. The corners of the log house must be assembled with a gash or in a “paw”, or in a warm corner with a gash in two axes.

If you want to assemble a log cabin from a bar on nails, then the main thing in the assembly process will be to sink the nail by about 3 cm. It is better to drill holes with a drill, to the detriment of aesthetics, if it is absent, you can use a hammer. Why is it necessary to drown nails?

During the draft, the timber will partially dry out and decrease in size. If the nail is not drowned, then its tip will rest against the lower beam, and the hat will push out top crown. As a result, horizontal cracks will appear on the log house, with high humidity and precipitation, the nails will rust. You can fix the problem only if you disassemble and reassemble the log house.

When assembling on dowels, a powerful low-speed perforator and a special drill are used. In the timber, it is necessary to drill holes with a depth of 2 crowns. After that, a rounded rail is driven in there a little bigger size than a hole.

The advantage of assembling on wooden dowels is their big square contact with the beam and, consequently, increased holding force. For dowels, you should choose wood that is least prone to decay. good and inexpensive options is oak, spruce and pine. The use of larch, birch, aspen is categorically contraindicated. Hardwoods are best avoided. Nagel must be absolutely dry, this is a very important condition.

And last tip. Do not install windows and doors recently assembled frame from the timber, give it time to settle. It is desirable if it stays like this for about a year. If this option is not possible, be sure to leave a gap at the top of window and door openings.

Internal and outer skin It is also better to practice after a full draft. Do not forget to treat the log house with an antiseptic both during construction and after, once every two years. Give Special attention lower crowns, then your log house will stand for a long time and will delight you with its warmth and beauty.