How the walls of the double beam are connected. Double beam construction technology: advantages and disadvantages. Design work and procurement of materials

Hello, we bring to your attention the Finnish technology of wooden housing construction "double timber". All production is located in Orel and we are manufacturers.

The wood used goes through several stages of processing: First, the forest is sawn on a high-precision sawmill, which provides it with an ideal geometry. Then the entire bar with a moisture content of 40-60% is placed in a modern drying chamber, where it dries to a moisture content of 10-15%! Such material will last at least 50 years longer, will not shrink (which is very important), retain its original appearance and will not crack over time. The next stage of processing is the creation of a house kit according to the project, at this stage the dried timber is processed on German four-sided machines (a profile is cut, polishing is performed). Such a house kit according to the project can be easily assembled by 2 people.

The thickness of the wall can be from 190 mm to 340 mm, of which a minibar with a thickness of 45 to 70 mm on the outer and inner sides, and between them an ecowool insulation from 100 to 200 mm.

The minimum house set consists of external walls and internal partitions, its cost is calculated strictly in proportion to the number of cubic meters. wood.

Turnkey wooden house cheap

The preference of a huge number of developers is focused, first of all, on the fact that a wooden house is warm and reliable. To achieve such goals, there is a profitable and effective technology for the construction of wooden houses "Double timber". The time-honored Finnish way of building is firmly established in the construction market, this technology has a lot of advantages.

The double beam is a unique two-piece system that uses lumber that has gone through many stages of drying and grading. Wall elements are divided into outer and inner sides, between which there is a space for filling with ecowool insulation. The special structure of the lock connectors allows you to create tightness in the joints without the use of metal fasteners or adhesives, which is very important in the construction of environmentally friendly and durable housing.

The beginning of all work is the preparation of timber for future construction. Lumber undergoes chamber drying to prevent cracks during operation. After preparation, the material goes into production. With the help of modern four-sided machines, all structural elements are created that fit together as accurately and without gaps as possible.

When designing each house, the time for its construction is determined. In some cases, there is a need to carry out work in the winter. Thanks to the double beam technology, this problem can be easily solved, since during construction this technology does not use cement mixtures or other processes that are not resistant to sub-zero temperatures. Regardless of what time of the year construction is carried out, a double-beam structure will not shrink due to calibrated, dry lumber.

The undeniable advantage is the cost-effectiveness of the entire structure. When compared with other construction methods, the savings will start from the foundation. The light construction of the house will allow the use of a screw foundation, which will significantly affect costs. Despite the low weight of the house, its structure will have high rigidity due to the double locking of the longitudinal profiles.

The right wooden house should have excellent heat-saving properties. The wall built using Finnish technology will have triple protection. This protection consists of an outer bar, a middle with a heat insulator and an inner bar. Boards tightly adjacent to each other provide effective wind protection and, in combination, keep warm in winter and cool in summer. The triple insulation system will prevent condensation, and thanks to the unique properties of wood, the humidity inside will be moderate. Dry wooden walls will create their own microclimate, filling the entire room with the aroma of wood.

One of the main advantages of the Double timber technology is economy. Let's take a closer look. So you made the right choice by deciding to move to live outside the city. The first thing you feel

Saving your money (by choosing the construction technology Double timber) is the installation of the foundation. The design of the house is quite light, which protects you from unnecessary costs for the construction of expensive powerful foundations.

1) You order the whole range of works from the Novproekt company. In itself, the construction of double beam technology is very inexpensive. Accordingly, you again save your savings.

2) The most inexpensive option for building your country house is to buy a ready-made house kit for self-assembly. This is where our products have no equal! Neither cost nor ease of assembly!

And it really is! Two men can easily assemble a house with an area of 100 m2 without any skills in house building. But this is about the box of the house itself, but for roofing work (sheathing with metal tiles or something else) you will have to invite specialists, i.e. Us, here we need, as they say, a full hand. Thus, your savings in the construction of your home will be a decent amount!

Speaking again about the cost savings due to the double beam technology, it is worth noting that a house built from a beam does not require multiple finishing works, fuss with dry mixes, decorative plasters. Facade finishing will cost only the usual painting with varnish. A beautiful and aesthetic appearance will not require constant repair of cracks or frequent renewal of facade painting. Natural environmentally friendly material will be able to withstand a variety of weather conditions. The interior also does not require any additional finishing. Smooth wooden walls already have a finished decorative look.

An inexpensive house made of timber will always create a pleasant atmosphere of coziness and comfort. The modern technology of turnkey double beams deserves the title of the optimal solution for construction. The issue of cost-effective construction of a house, thanks to such a system, can now be easily solved. The construction of a wooden house will take a small amount of time, and after finishing the finishing in the house, you can immediately live without having to wait for the structure to shrink.

STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION OF A HOUSE FROM A DOUBLE BEAM:

Draft design At this stage, we must decide on the choice of architecture, plans, facades of your future home. To do this, you simply voice your wishes to us or send us a picture of the project that you would like to build. You can also choose one of our standard projects from the catalog of houses.

Working draft At this stage, our designers draw a scheme for cutting products for production. A working draft is done free of charge if a construction contract is concluded. If you are not ready to build yet, the working draft will cost you 200 rubles per sq.m. the total area of the house along the axes.

Making a house kit is the most important and time-consuming process. As a rule, the manufacture of products for the construction of a house with an area of 130 - 150 m² takes an average of 1 month. Depending on the complexity of the architecture of the future home.

Installation on the site is carried out after the manufacture of the "designer" for assembly. It is important to note that the installation of a double-beam house is carried out without a single nail or the use of adhesives that are harmful to health. Durability of a design is reached thanks to strong castle connections.

Wood, as a material for construction, is, first of all, environmentally friendly. This material can be considered almost ideal in terms of easy processing and affordability. A huge number of different variations in design has created a new understanding in the construction of timber houses. Many designers and architects prefer the “double beam” technology for building houses. A warm and comfortable house will serve you and future generations for many years.

Houses made of double timber compare favorably with their qualities over other wooden buildings. The construction technology meets the requirements of sound absorption and thermal insulation, which gives the building strength and comfort. The double bar is made only from the massif of coniferous trees.

A block house is a structure made of natural wood that does not contain industrial resins, glue and hazardous chemical compounds. It is an environmentally friendly building material. Two walls in the way of connection resemble a log house. Insulation is placed in the space between the walls.

Timber - hewn boards 70 mm thick. They are interconnected using the technology of inserting a ridge into a groove. This allows you to assemble walls without gaps, heat is not blown through them.

Log houses are the best option for your own home. Typical projects include:

country cottages and one-story houses for permanent residence, equipped with all utilities;
country houses for seasonal living;
suburban buildings for permanent residence.

In addition to residential buildings, they construct from a bar:

baths and saunas;
car parking spaces;
barbecue areas with covered gazebos;
children's play areas and sandboxes;
awnings;
furniture.

The construction of houses is represented by many technologies, ranging from simple to highly complex.

Technology Benefits

The construction of houses from a double beam has its own characteristics:

wall complexes are erected within 15 days;
installation of a bar is carried out in 2 weeks;
no cracks or other defects;
adhesives, sealants are not used;
no special equipment required;
communication lines are laid in the wall;
all components are treated with antiseptics; the timber does not need additional protection.

Disadvantages of a double beam

Experts also note the disadvantages of houses made of double timber:

Uneven shrinkage of a wooden structure. This happens because of the difference in temperature inside the house and outside.
Replacement of sections of walls damaged during operation. They are found both at the construction stage and during the operation of the dwelling.
High build quality is achieved only by qualified specialists, and they value their work at a high price.

These are the disadvantages of construction.

Stages of building a house

Building a house using double beam technology consists of several stages:

a project (sketch) is developed, a construction and architecture plan is selected;
a working version of the project is created taking into account the wishes of the customer;
preparation of parts for a beam set;
erection of the structure.

Double timber houses do not require the use of glue or nails. Connections and knots are clearly adjusted. This ensures durability and high strength of the structure.

It is easy to build a log house with your own hands, but experience in building such buildings is required.

Foundation laying

They lay the foundation for a log house after a thorough study of the soil, the depth of freezing of the soil and its level of moisture. The thickness of the base depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe future structure.

The formwork of the foundation must also be installed correctly. Its quality depends on it. It is supposed to perform several stages:

heat-insulating material (glassine) is evenly spread;
fittings with a diameter of 12 mm or more are attached;
asbestos-cement pipes are laid, which act as ventilation passages;
the frame is strengthened with a knitting wire;
concrete is being poured.

Leave the choice of foundation type to a specialist. One-story buildings are often erected on a strip base. It has its own advantages:

withstands construction
from a bar;
saves installation costs;
as a heater, ecowool is taken, which does not shrink;
the boards are connected with spikes included in the grooves, which ensures the rigidity of the structure;
insulation is laid in the gaps;
the inside is covered with a vapor barrier film.

One-story houses made of such material compare favorably with energy efficiency. For heating, little fuel is required, because the walls perfectly retain and save heat. Their thermal conductivity is equal to the thickness of brick walls.

Final touches

Having built a log house with your own hands, it is necessary to perform surface treatment with protective equipment, remove visible damage, and proceed with grinding.

The technology of polishing timber is simple. An important condition is not to allow pressure on the grinder and not linger in one place.

The device should be held at a slight angle to the surface. Horizontal and vertical movements must be constantly alternated. In places where the material is laid unevenly, the timber house is sanded repeatedly.

In the process of work, the surface is leveled, the slightest differences in the crowns and partitions of the walls are eliminated. Also, by grinding the surface, the pile that appears after the walls are treated with antiseptic preparations is removed.

The heating of the building is carried out slowly, temperature drops should not be allowed, otherwise cracks will appear. When installing heating, experts take into account the characteristics of natural wood and options for its possible deformation.

The specificity of the operation of houses built from double timber requires a light truss system and roofing so that the load on the walls does not become excessive. For roofing material, it is advisable to choose a flexible and lightweight tile.

One-story country houses made of double timber are a profitable investment. When constructing a building, building material is saved. And you can enjoy its beauty and comfort for many years.

Building wooden houses has many advantages, but it is also not without disadvantages. Houses made of wood are poorly prepared for finishing. When working with wood of natural moisture, wooden houses give significant shrinkage and cracks. To avoid these shortcomings, specialists from different countries invent new technologies. One of these innovations is the construction of a house from a double beam. The technology came to us from the Scandinavian countries. The climate there is very similar to the Russian one, so this technology has taken root in our country and is actively practiced by Russian developers. Like many other Finnish technologies, the construction of buildings based on double timber does not require special equipment or tools. Therefore, it is possible to build a house using this technology with your own hands.

In fact, the technology of building according to the "double beam" system has little in common with the construction of timber in our usual sense. Often this technology is also called mini-bar construction. This is due to the fact that the wall structure of such a house consists of two specially profiled boards with a section of 47x145 or 45x135 mm with a gap between them of at least 10 cm, which is filled with insulation.

This technology is similar to the method of frame housing construction, the only difference is that for such a house there is no need to mount a frame for erecting walls.

Advantages of double timber houses

Houses made of double timber are not without the main advantages of any wooden house: environmental friendliness of the structure, natural breathing of the walls, favorable microclimate and a presentable appearance with a beautiful wood texture.

In addition, there are many advantages that, for example, a chopped and rounded log house or a house made of profiled timber cannot boast of.

To create a blank, only chamber-drying lumber is used, which will avoid shrinkage and cracks in the finished walls. The shrinkage of the finished house is no more than 1 cm per 1 m of the wall. Such indicators can even be neglected and proceed immediately to the installation of windows and doors and interior decoration.
Wall kits are often delivered after antiseptic treatment. There is no need for additional protection of the walls from mold, only finishing impregnation with tinting or covering compositions is necessary.
High energy efficiency. Such buildings do not require additional insulation, except for that laid between the walls.
No additional sealing is required between the individual mini-beams along the height of the wall. A tight connection is provided by a special profile of the boards due to a double lock.
The insignificant weight of the wall elements allows assembly without the involvement of special equipment. The assembly of walls from a double beam is quite within the power of even one person in 3-5 days, depending on the size of the house.
High pace of construction.
The cheapness of the finished house.
The possibility of hidden installation of all communications in the thickness of the walls or under the floors.
Good heat and sound insulation.

Undoubtedly, houses made of double timber also have some disadvantages. Like any wooden structure, they have a high fire hazard and require constant maintenance of the facade (it is necessary to use reliable impregnations to protect against precipitation and ultraviolet radiation). Each construction technology is not without flaws, so the choice is yours. One has only to say that the construction of a double beam is gaining momentum in Russia along with frame housing construction.

The technology of building a house from a double beam

If you have studied all the pros and cons, and your choice fell on a house made of double timber, then you should familiarize yourself with the construction technology in stages.

Design work and procurement of materials

Any construction must begin with the development of a detailed plan of the house and utilities. Perhaps a problem in the construction of such a house may be the purchase of the necessary material. This technology is a novelty for Russian builders, and there are not so many manufacturers of high-quality mini-timber on the market. It is likely that you will not be able to find the right company in your area. Do not dwell on this, logistics is now well developed, and you will be able to deliver the material to your site without compromising the quality of the material and construction time. Each manufacturer has a set of standard designs that you can rework as you wish at minimal cost.

Site preparation and foundation installation

Houses made of double timber are lightweight, which allows the use of columnar or pile foundations. It is much less common to arrange a shallow strip foundation (in case the height of the house exceeds 2 floors) or slab foundations (floating soils that behave unpredictably in the off-season). The construction of the foundation for a house made of double timber does not differ from the construction for a frame house. We will see more than once the analogies of the construction of frame houses and buildings based on a double beam. Both technologies came to us from Finland and have many similar features.

Installation of the lower trim and floor beams

Here we can also take the stages of floor preparation from frame technology. After checking the horizontalness of the foundation, waterproofing is laid on it. Beams of the lower trim are laid on top of it, which are usually made of timber 100x200 or 100x250 mm, depending on the planned wall thickness. Installation of the floor log of the first floor can be carried out on top of the strapping or at the level of the strapping using special fasteners - beam supports. The step between the lags is calculated based on the selected insulation and the expected load.

Usually, the floors are immediately insulated and the flooring of the rough flooring or even the finish is laid. Step-by-step instructions for arranging the floors of the first floor after installing the log:

Fastening of the cranial beam on the side surface of the lag.
Subfloor flooring.
Vapor barrier flooring.
Floor insulation. Usually, mineral wool or ecowool is used for insulation.
Rolling out another layer of vapor barrier.
Laying a rough floor covering (OSB, chipboard, plywood) or finishing (floor board, parquet board).

If you are at least a little familiar with building a house using frame technology, then this will not be a difficult test for you. The main thing is to follow the technology and produce a dense laying of insulation without voids. The films will protect the insulation from moisture from the ground or future rooms.

Walling

In the installation of walls and are the main features of building a house from a double beam. Here you will have to rely on your own hands, because even skills in building houses from profiled timber or frame buildings will not give you any advantages.

Let's understand the stages of building walls

Installation of the first row

The first row of timber is usually represented by boards, where only the spike is milled, since the lower part of the timber is laid on the strapping. First, we mark up and pre-mount the complete contour of the first row. To control the correct gap between the outer and inner walls, temporary cuts are hammered in every 2 meters. After checking the geometry and the level of the first row, both walls are fixed to the strapping with the help of corners and wood grouses (hex head screws). After that, temporary cuts are removed and only those that are included in the technological map of the house are left. They are located on walls longer than 3 meters to maintain verticality and maintain the planned gap between the walls.

Laying the second and subsequent rows

Each subsequent row is laid on the previous one on the existing single or double spike. The mini-beam is tightly hammered with a sledgehammer through a wooden gasket. It is important to follow the rule: in the corners of the house, the chamfer of each row should be strictly in the middle of the next row of the perpendicular wall. If this rule is violated, it means that one of the rows is poorly punched or the workpiece production technology is violated. In case of insufficient penetration, the walls are finished off or a screed is made at the ends. If the technology is violated, the wall is disassembled to the defective row and they try to leave it until the last row of laying.

The screed of the walls of the house is also made in the horizontal plane. This is necessary if there are composite walls in the structure, that is, when one wall is made of two or more boards along the length. The screed is not removed from the row until the next one is laid, then the screed is moved one row higher.

Laying the last row

After the construction of the last row, the so-called plug is usually laid. Between the two mini-beams, a board or a full-fledged profiled beam is laid, which closes the insulation and serves as a platform for attaching the upper strapping of the ceiling beams.

We have already said that the technology does not require special equipment or a large number of people. However, when assembling the walls of a house from a double beam, great care and painstaking work are required.

Wall insulation

As with frame structures, this is the most important step in creating a warm home. Incorrect insulation technology can nullify all the work.

Ecowool insulation. Ecowool is a bulk material based on the secondary processing of cellulose. It contains all the properties of wood, so the wall will have excellent vapor permeability and the necessary air exchange will be observed in the house. Ecowool is blown into the gaps between the outer and inner walls. There is no need to use a vapor barrier, because the material is not afraid of moisture. The height of the well from the walls should not exceed 3 meters, after inflating the insulation, it must be allowed to settle and the required amount is added. Initially, the double beam technology was envisaged only with the use of ecowool as a heater, but mineral wool was also used on the Russian market.
Mineral wool. The material is afraid of moisture, therefore, a layer of a vapor-permeable membrane is laid on the side of the outer wall, and a vapor barrier is laid on the side of the inner wall. Insulation is laid into the walls during their construction. In this case, the installation is slightly delayed, and the material requires dry weather throughout the entire time of work on the walls.
Expanded clay, sawdust, expanded polystyrene in the form of bulk material can also be used as a heater, but this is rather a deviation from the rules than an option that should be carefully considered. It is not advisable to order a high-quality wall kit from a double beam and save on insulation in the context of Finnish technology. Especially when you consider the low cost of such structures, made in compliance with the insulation technology.

Ceiling and roof

Installation and insulation of the ceiling is no different from similar work in frame structures. The only exception is that often double-beam manufacturers supply house kits with assembled trusses for ease of installation of the roofing system. Materials for roofing and finishing of the ceiling are identical with the frameworks.

Communications and finishing

The double beam technology allows you to start finishing immediately after assembling the box at home, because such walls do not shrink. Most communications are also laid in the process of working with floors and erecting walls, because most of these elements are “hidden” inside walls and interfloor ceilings.

Conclusion

Starting to build a house using the “double beam” technology with your own hands is a rather risky undertaking. Construction just seems unpretentious. Violation of wall construction technology can disturb the comfort in your home or even reduce the rigidity of the structure, because there are no additional fasteners inside the walls. The whole structure keeps its shape due to the correct bowls and cuts. Insufficient attention to compaction of the timber between themselves will give gaps in the future. Violation of the level between the outer and inner row can lead to the difficulty of installing doors and windows, and sometimes breaks the sealing of the walls. It is worth assessing your carpentry skills before embarking on the construction of such a complex high-tech object. It will not be superfluous to get acquainted with the recommendations and reviews of those people who decided to take this step.

At all times in Russia, baths were built from a strong fresh log - on a flimsy foundation, without special treatment of the walls and the intricacy of the layout. And all because the forest was always available - and it was not difficult to rebuild the bathhouse, which had become obsolete after 5 years, to a new one. But today, the construction of a steam room is already quite expensive, and high-quality timber is worth its weight in gold. That is why economical technologies of building from a log house in other countries began to penetrate so actively into Russian architecture. And the most interesting and fresh of them is the “double beam”, the main advantages of which are excellent heat and sound insulation.

Particularly popular are houses built using the "double beam" technology abroad - only there are not so many logs used as a fairly thin gun carriage, but that one is good. For the Russian harsh winter, the thicker the wall material is used, the better.

What is the benefit of the "double beam" technology?

Here are the main advantages of this construction technology:

Virtually no shrinkage.
Easy transportation of building material.
The opportunity to start equipping the bath immediately.
There is no need for additional equipment for the construction of the frame.
No cracks or warping.
Vapor barrier is not needed - this is a huge plus: your bath will truly “breathe”.
Mezhventsovye sealants and dowels are not used.
Warm, and quite palpable.

And, finally, it is not difficult to build baths using the new technology from a double beam, and you can meet it in almost a month.

Due to the significant lightening of the structure due to the internal space, it really is not in the “double beam” - less than 1%. Which, of course, makes life a lot easier for many owners of baths.

One of the valuable advantages of this technology, which is actively advertised, is the absence of the need for finishing. Like, clean timber with its unique aroma - what could be better? For a bath, this option is not the best, of course, but if you build a house from a bar with your own hands, then you can leave it like that. The fact is that sooner or later high humidity will play its role - even if the bare timber remains only in the rest room. Therefore, be sure to use special impregnations and antiseptics. And yes, there is good news for you: you can start decorating the walls immediately after construction is completed.

What gives the structure such strength?

Of course, the technology of a double beam is not even comparable to frame construction, where only flimsy thin walls surround the insulation on both sides. Remember that whatever one may say - but here everything rests on the uneven bars! By the way, there is also a subspecies of a double bar - this is a “double mini-bar”. The technology of its construction is the same, but the walls are thinner.

The floor beams also give additional strength to the structure - if during construction they are cut into the walls. And no one has canceled the aesthetics yet. But with this technology, only absolutely dry lumber with dimensions of 160x50 can be used. This is the secret of its strength - when the timber is dried, it loses up to 13% of its moisture, and at the same time molecular bonds break in it. After that, the beam will take as much moisture as it will give up - and deformation will not occur.

But for the most part, the Russians are still looking at the new Finnish technology with some apprehension: is it possible to designate the bearing bars, which the manufacturer reduces to 45 mm in thickness for dual technology? On the other hand, the practice of such construction so far shows that such baths stand and stand firmly, without warping or deforming. Moreover, the steam room itself is traditionally small.

Does a double beam need a vapor barrier?

This is almost a rhetorical question among those who build using the “double beam” technology. The fact is that a bathhouse or a house made of timber over time will still begin to absorb moisture from the environment - this is inevitable. And many believe that such a heater between the bars is an ideal place for the spread of rot. At the same time, those firms that build in this way have been claiming for almost a decade that there is nothing like this - until now, the owners of such houses have not complained. Therefore, a special film should be used only in ceilings - this is enough.

But still, some owners of the baths still worry about the lack of a full-fledged vapor barrier and use a windproof membrane during construction - applying it after the insulation. Unfortunately, between builders, such a method is jokingly called “putting a kiss on top of natural cotton underwear” - after all, the walls from such a double beam will definitely not “breathe”. Although they will certainly last much longer.

What is the best way to insulate the space between the bars?

It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. Basically, in this matter, they are guided by the fact that when insulating with ecowool, the heat flow itself is always as close as possible to the calculated one, but when using plate materials, expect tangible losses.

So, if you take Izospan as a heater, proceed from the following calculations: for the wall, take 110 g per square meter, and for the floor and roof - 110 and 90 g per meter on opposite sides. And, if, for example, if you insulate with ecowool, then the calculations will be as follows:

Acoustic isolation - 46 decibels
Dew point - under normal conditions, there will be no condensation at all
Insulation - 0.13 cubic meters per square meter of wall
Thermal conductivity coefficient - approximately 0.2 W / m2kv

Ecowool must be blown into the space between the beams - in a dry way, but not more than three meters high. This must be done in stages. And here a certain difficulty often arises: ecowool is blown into a double beam in the same way as inside the frame walls. But only in the latter, the wells are closed, which is why it is not difficult to achieve the desired density. But here it falls asleep more than it blows out - and therefore it will settle. That is why, for such a process, already experienced builders use a special technique - a “blowing installation”.

Also note that when filling ecowool between the bars, the following problem may arise: at an ambient temperature below 0 ° C, when the force reaches the required density of 70 kg / m3. your workers can simply overdo it - and the walls risk becoming bulging. It will be difficult to fix.

That is why in recent years, instead of ecowool, our compatriots have begun to use mineral wool and its analogues as an inter-beam insulation more often. It is more reliable, proven and no less environmentally friendly, but it costs less. But just with basalt, vapor barrier is needed - what is its minus, while ecowool almost never creates dew points due to its special properties - it can be safely laid in a double beam without any membranes. Although mineral wool is quite warm - in terms of its resistance with a thickness of 100 mm, it corresponds to 390 mm of solid wood.

Also, do not forget that mineral wool really often shrinks, and when using it, you will have to cover it with an antiseptic both inside and out.

If you use sawdust as a heater, then it is better to take them stale. If you got fresh, then soak in lime for one day and only then knead. Like this: pour a cubic meter of sawdust into the mixer and add two bags of cement. Lightly moisten, mix well, pour between the bars and tamp. But there are significant disadvantages of sawdust - these are mice, mold and dampness. And here some craftsmen show miracles of ingenuity - they get sawdust from basalt slabs almost for nothing, and they can be obtained at the place of production of those.

They are also insulated quite effectively with bulk cellulose. And they also practice today such construction when they don’t put insulation at all - believing that the air itself is a heater. But one thing is not taken into account: the air serves as thermal insulation only when it is motionless, and in a wooden bath it may well “walk” due to natural convection. What is the task of heaters - sawdust, ecowool, polystyrene and mineral wool - to simultaneously create many small cavities with air that will not allow it to move.

By the way, all communications will have to be done during the construction process - a double beam allows you to conveniently lay electrical wiring in such walls, which is another significant plus of this technology.

If you want to order such a turnkey bath, as it is fashionable today, we have to disappoint you - the price for its construction is still too high today, more than 15,000 rubles for each cube of the wooden part of the wall. Why, in Russia, no more than a hundred baths and houses have been built using this technology so far - after all, glued laminated timber is not much worse than the new Finnish method, but it costs almost one and a half times cheaper. But all this does not prevent you from building a warm and environmentally friendly bath with your own hands - did you find something difficult in the end?

The construction of baths from a bar is considered the best option due to the environmental friendliness of the material of the walls, their low thermal conductivity, and the high speed of construction. Baths built from ordinary profiled and double timber look identical, but there are a number of differences both in technical characteristics and in the method of building walls.

The design of the double beam was developed not in Russia, but in Austria. Then the technology began to be used in Germany, and only then the design received particular success in Finland. In Russia, the technology of double timber began to be used relatively recently.

Wall material - glued laminated timber or technically dried wood with a moisture content of less than 14%.

The production of timber is carried out on longitudinal-milling quadrilateral machines. The connection of the beam is a double profiled airtight, windproof lock.

Between two beams (external and internal) the distance is 130-150 mm. In this gap, ecowool insulation is laid with the addition of antiseptics, flame retardants, boric acid, borax, necessary to ensure the fire safety of the building. Insulation density up to 70 kg/m 3 .

Table. Bar sections

Important! According to GOST 18288-87, timber is called lumber with a height and thickness of more than 100 mm. In this case, the structural elements have a smaller thickness and are more likely to be profiled boards, but the builders still call the technology "double timber" or "double sheet pile". Sometimes the profiled elements of the walls are called "minibar".

And one moment. Double beam technology and frame construction are completely different things. The frame bath has a "skeleton" formed by vertical posts and jibs. Between the racks, mineral wool is usually laid, on both sides the walls are sewn up with vapor barrier, and then OSB or boards. When building from a double beam, there is no "skeleton". All perimeter walls are load-bearing. This technology is akin to building from a full-fledged profiled timber, rather than to frame construction. The rigidity of the walls is provided by double corner joints. In addition, ecowool has no joints and gaps, the insulation is of better quality than slab or roll materials.

In the Russian Federation, houses and baths using double-beam technology began to be built 40-50 years ago, and the reviews of the owners of such buildings are more than positive.

Video - Owner's review of a double-beam house

Features of double beam technology

Thermal efficiency. A wall made of double timber with a thickness of 220 mm (of which 130 mm is insulation) is comparable in terms of thermal efficiency with a wooden wall with a thickness of 700 mm or with a brick wall with a thickness of 1.2 meters. The vapor permeability of walls from a double beam is preserved, freezing is excluded.

Energy efficiency. A minimum amount of energy is required to warm up a house or a bath from a double beam.

On a note! According to SNiP II-3-79, the heat-shielding qualities of a double beam are 2.5 times higher than that of a glued beam.

Environmental friendliness. The ecowool used for insulation consists of 82% cellulose and 18% of antiseptics and flame retardants. These substances do not emit toxic substances into the atmosphere, they are completely safe for humans. A tree is environmentally friendly a priori. Glue is not used during construction. The bath will have the aroma of natural wood and a favorable microclimate.

No problems of traditional wooden log cabins. The shrinkage of a log house can be up to 10%, and if undried wood was originally used for construction, then the percentage of shrinkage can reach up to 17%. Shrinkage continues for several years (at least a year and a half) after the walls have been erected, which makes finishing processes impossible, expansion joints are required, etc.

In the process of shrinkage, the wood cracks, cracks form, caulking is required. Lock connections in the process of shrinkage lose their tightness.

Walls made of double kiln-dried timber have a shrinkage of no more than 2%. The risk of crack formation is minimized. Corner joints with a double cut and additional insulation of mines with ecowool are not a freezing zone. The ecowool itself inside the walls is not prone to shrinkage or creasing. Caulking of walls and additional thermal insulation is not required. There are no gaps between the crowns due to the high height of the tenon and the deep grooves of the wall elements.

Insect pests, mice, rats do not settle in ecowool.

High construction speed. The wall kit is completely prepared at the factory according to the customer's project within one month. The finished kit is delivered to the facility ready for assembly, marked for convenience.

On a note! In the design process, not only the size of the building, the location of the premises is selected, but also calculations are made of wind, snow, seismic loads. Also in the project, integrated floor beams and integrated scaffolding can be laid, which are beams protruding beyond the walls, on which boards are laid for the builders to move along them. Integrated scaffolding is cut down after painting the facade. This achieves additional savings and increases the speed of construction. And the bearing capacity of the integrated floor beams is higher than that of the classic floor logs.

The approximate construction time for a large house with an area of up to 130 m 2 is 3 months, of which about three weeks are spent on assembling the walls, the rest of the time is taken up by the construction of the roof and ceilings, the installation of doors, windows, laying communications and other work. Accordingly, a small bath can be built in a much shorter time.

On a note! All elements are produced exclusively by the factory, and not in artisanal conditions. During production and shipment, constant monitoring of the quality of the material, its dimensions, and humidity is carried out.

During construction, there is no need to use heavy lifting equipment. Work can be carried out in any season of the year.

Hidden communications. In houses made of double timber, there are special cavities (boxes or cuts) in which wiring, pipes, etc. are laid. The house or bath, both from the inside and outside, looks aesthetically pleasing and neat. Wiring and pipes are hidden, but repairable at any time.

Photo - the walls are smooth from the inside, do not need finishing

Durability. The estimated service life of a double-beam building is up to 110-115 years.

Affordable price. The cost of building a double beam is about 30% lower than a bathhouse made of profiled, glued beams or logs.

Possibility of construction on a lightweight foundation. Screw piles are usually chosen as the foundation, less often - a strip foundation. A screw foundation with a grillage can be used. This moment depends on the condition of the soil on the site, the proximity of groundwater.

Video - Lack of a dew point in a double-beam house

The nuances of building from a double beam

It is permissible to make a strapping platform from a bar of natural moisture.
The joists must not be located below the strapping platform.
The floor insulation should not be based only on the vapor barrier, there should be a solid solid base.
It is better not to fix floor logs, terraces with corners, from loads it can rip off the heads of self-tapping screws.
Lamellar beams are best not to use. This design is prone to warping and cracking.
It is important to observe the technology for installing door and window flashings.
It is important to connect the crowns tightly, without gaps. If there are gaps between the crowns, the alignment will be lost.
The first crown must be attached to the strapping beam or board.
If there are elements with defects in the wall kit delivered to the site, it is better to turn the timber with the unsightly side inside the cavity where the ecowool is pumped.
It is not recommended to build large-sized multi-storey buildings from a double beam. This technology is relevant for low-rise construction.
When designing, it is necessary to provide for overcuts in the walls, and between adjacent boxes there should not be more than three and a half meters. This is necessary to prevent warping of the walls under the action of a dense layer of ecowool, which exerts pressure on the outer and inner walls of the building.
There may be a variant of a wall 6 meters long without cuts, in this case, a solid beam is vertically installed in the middle between the inner and outer walls. This bar will be invisible. The event will help maintain the rigidity of the walls and eliminate deformation under the pressure of the insulation.
During the construction of walls, gaps may remain between the elements. It is impossible to continue construction until all cracks are eliminated. For this, the method of contracting walls can be used.

Prices for timber of natural moisture

bar of natural moisture

Construction of a bath using double beam technology: instructions

First of all, a foundation is laid under the bath. For a double beam bath, the best option is a screw foundation. Under the bath with dimensions of 6x4 m, 9 screw piles are twisted. You can familiarize yourself with the intricacies of arranging bases of this type in detail.

The construction plan is as follows:

strapping installation;
assembly of massive walls. The house kit will be delivered to the site, all elements will be marked. Nails and dowels are not used in the process. You will need anchors, studs, self-tapping screws, mounting plates;
arrangement of floors;
roof construction;
installation of window and door blocks;
installation of communications;
fine finishing, namely painting the outer walls and treating the inner walls with impregnations intended for baths and saunas (paint and varnish are not used in the steam room). Also, fine finishing includes installation of imitation timber and corners for overcuts outside and inside the bath;
sauna stove installation, chimney assembly, furniture arrangement.

Step 1. On the foundation, namely on the pile heads, it is necessary to lay a double layer of roofing material, fixing it with bituminous mastic.

Step 2 A strapping beam is laid on top of the waterproofing, which is preferably pre-treated with an antiseptic. If in the future a firewood shed, a porch, a terrace will be attached to the bathhouse, holes are left in the strapping beam for joining the bath strapping and the extension strapping. The dressing of the strapping is performed "half-tree".

Important! If the heads of the screw piles are not level, this can be compensated for by the support and strapping structure. The upper surface of the strapping beam must be located in a single plane and be strictly horizontal without errors.

Before rigid fixation of the strapping structure, it is necessary to measure all diagonals, check their equality.

Under the internal partitions (in places where the floor logs will rest on the beam), a single strapping beam with a section of 150 x 150 mm is installed. In those places where there will be a large load (bearing walls of the house), a double remotely fixed beam of the same section is installed. Rigid fixation is performed with studs. Two beams are laid, between them a piece of moisture-resistant plywood, all the elements are drilled through, and then pulled together with a hairpin.

It is important to check that the foundation and piping strictly comply with the project drawing.

Step 3 It is necessary to take the scheme of the first floor, look at the part numbers on it and select these elements from the kit brought to the site. Elements are installed in pairs. It is recommended to additionally fix the first crown by connecting it to the strapping with a perforated mounting bracket and self-tapping screws.

Another mounting option - the starting beam is fixed through with a long self-tapping screw, screwing the hardware into the groove of the beam. The starting beam in this case is the elements of the first crown, having a height 2 times less than the rest of the wall beams.

Usually, long elements are laid first, and short beams are installed perpendicularly on them with the second row, cuts are formed, in which communications will be located in the future. The ends of the beams are profiled, the upper and lower adjacent rows are connected according to the "thorn-groove" system. When laying each element, you should beat it with a mallet through the bar so that the connection is as tight as possible.

During the construction process, it is important to control the horizontality of the crowns, the equality of the diagonals, and make sure that there are no gaps due to a loose fit of parts.

When assembling the walls, window and door flashings are immediately installed. These elements are not fixed with screws or nails.

To make a salary, you need:

grooved board 30 mm thick;
U-shaped profile 60x27 mm, profile thickness 2 mm;
lumber board.

How is the casing set up? Since the double beam technology implies that there are two walls - external and internal, the design of the casing is different from the casing for log cabins.

It is necessary to take two tongue-and-groove boards and connect them with a long side. After that, you need to cut off the protruding spike and screw a few long screws through the end to fix the boards. To the resulting workpiece with bugs, you need to fasten two U-shaped profiles in parallel. The distance between the profiles and the width of the workpiece are selected based on the total thickness of the wall, the length should correspond to the height of the door or window opening minus 3-4 centimeters shrinkage allowance. The casing is "put on" on the ends of the opening.

The horizontal casing element consists of two tongue-and-groove boards connected to each other. The length of the workpiece is equal to the width of the opening. To the blank in the center, you need to screw a board 13 cm wide with self-tapping screws (the distance between the inner and outer walls of the bath). At the ends with a hacksaw, you need to cut grooves 3 cm long for accurate docking of the casing elements.

On a note! It is possible to make the entire casing without using U-shaped profiles, according to the principle of the horizontal casing section described above.

Step 4 When the walls of the first floor are assembled, the process of wall insulation with ecowool begins.

The extreme crown is closed with a vapor barrier, in which holes are made. You can fix the vapor barrier with a conventional construction stapler.

The insulation is loaded into the cavity of the walls through the hose of the device. The hose is connected to a plastic pipe, which is inserted into the vapor barrier hole and the supply of ecowool is started. Due to the use of a film that covers the upper part of the wall, the loss of insulation, its blowing out into the street, is prevented.

First, loose ecowool fills about half of the cavity of the walls, after which it begins to compact under its own weight. As a result, a uniformly insulated wall of the first floor is obtained (cotton wool lies tightly up to the very vapor barrier). Next, the specialist pulls out the pipe and adds a little ecowool directly from the hose so that there is no difference in the density of the insulation over the entire wall area.

On a note! If it is possible to assemble the walls yourself using the technology of a double beam with your own hands, then the insulation with ecowool is a process that will have to be entrusted to craftsmen who have the necessary equipment. If you pour ecowool manually from bags, the density of the insulation will be insufficient and uneven, which will lead to a number of negative consequences.

When the wall insulation is completed, the vapor barrier can be removed. Further, the construction of the walls of the second floor continues, if this is provided for by the project.

The walls of the second floor are insulated with ecowool in the same way as the walls of the first floor.

The photo shows a partially dismantled window sill in order to control the quality of insulation. Window sill installed using felt

Step 5 The next step is the installation of the truss system. There are no difficulties and intricacies here, all calculations are made at the design stage, and rafters of the required sizes are made in production. Rafter legs rest on a ridge beam. The elements are fixed with self-tapping screws and mounting plates.

Do not worry that the rafters under their own weight and the weight of the roof, snow, will lead to deformation of the walls. All wall nodes are very rigid, the joints are as tight as possible, and the load of the roof is evenly redistributed to the ridge beam and the upper trim.

Step 6 A windproof film is rolled out on top of the rafter system and fastened. The fixation of the canvases is carried out with a construction stapler, observing the overlap of adjacent canvases of 10-15 cm.

Window openings are also covered with a membrane. The film is cut to the size of the openings plus an allowance of 15-20 cm and fastened with a stapler to the inside of the beam of the outer wall.

Prices for windproof films

windproof film

Step 7 Lathing boards are attached over the membrane. The boards are fastened with long self-tapping screws through to the rafters. The step of the crate depends on the type of roofing material that is chosen for the bath.

Step 8 If the floor beams are not integrated, they are fixed with metal fastening supports to the building frame. The cross section of the log is 50x200 mm, the step is selected depending on the load on the floor, the best option for a bath is the distance between the logs of 60 cm, provided that a separate independent foundation is equipped under the sauna stove.

You can proceed to filing the subfloor and floors. Sheathing is carried out with OSB boards. First, the vapor barrier webs are fixed to the bottom of the beams with a stapler, then the OSB is fixed with self-tapping screws through to the bottom of the beams. OSB can be replaced with a 40 mm thick edged board. The ceilings are insulated with ecowool, falling asleep between the beams.

The rafters from below (from the side of the roof space) are sheathed with a vapor barrier. A crate is attached over the vapor barrier (again from the side of the room). Those. vapor barrier is located above and below the rafters. Ecowool will be blown into the free space.

Prices for OSB boards

OSB boards

Step 9 At this stage, equipment for supplying ecowool will again be needed. The roof needs to be insulated. Ecowool is blown through holes in the vapor barrier (they are made between the boards of the crate closer to the ridge beam. On inclined planes, the density of ecowool is up to 55 kg / m 3. Work is carried out at a height, safety rules must be observed.

If there are reinforcing elements, partitions, walls in the under-roof space, they are insulated with ecowool through technological holes. Holes are cut out in cuts with a drill with a round nozzle "crown". The diameter of the crown is chosen slightly larger than the diameter of the hose for supplying ecowool. The sawn piece is not thrown away.

Inside the cut, over the technological hole, a piece of vapor barrier is attached with a stapler, a hole is cut out in the material with a knife, a hose is inserted there and ecowool is pumped in.

When the insulation is pumped in, the hose is removed, and the film is simply torn off the wall. Now the sawn piece of timber must be inserted into the hole, sealing the insulation layer so that the ecowool does not spill out.

It is important to qualitatively approach the issue of insulation of all cavities of the building.

Step 10 Works on the installation of roofing material.

Step 11 Hemmed cornice overhangs.

Step 12 Install a drainage system.

Step 13 They are working on laying communications. Electrical wires in the bath must be laid in a metal corrugation.

Step 14

Step 15. Facade painting works. The internal walls are covered with natural impregnation based on beeswax or linseed oil.

Step 16 Cut down integrated forests.

Step 17 An imitation of a beam is mounted on technological cuts.

Step 18 They lay a fine floor covering, for example, a grooved board in a steam room, linoleum or laminate in a rest room, ceramic tiles in a shower room.

Above, we examined the principle of building a building using the classic double-beam technology. The elements were assembled without insulation, any gaskets, dowels and nails. The "double beam dovetail" technology has differences, is considered even more reliable and allows you to build buildings with high number of storeys and a large area.

We have already mentioned that the house kit is cut in production strictly in size. In the corner elements there are through holes for vertical studs. Inside the walls, the studs are connected and built up. After the walls are erected from below and from above, a nut with a washer is screwed onto the studs, tightening the crowns. That is, the studs are used as pins.

A dovetail groove has been added, into which a special fastener is inserted. The connector is hammered into the groove with a mallet, placing the part with the rounded side down. It is no longer possible to pull the connector out of the beam.

The dovetail connection is made not only on the outer corners of the walls, but also on all partitions. What does it give? Even with a strong change in the linear dimensions of wood due to fluctuations in temperature and humidity, during shrinkage, the outer and inner perimeters may slightly shift vertically, but the overall geometry of the house will remain unchanged, the geometry of all corners will be preserved.