The use of an attic instead of a full-fledged second floor allows you to rationally use the available space and significantly expand living space. There are many options for attics; the most popular of them is a sloping roof, which is not only aesthetically attractive, but also financially beneficial. If you wish, you can build such an attic with your own hands.
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What parts does a broken attic consist of?
The first stage of roof construction is design and calculation; regardless of whether the project is ordered in a special organization or it is planned to make a design drawing on its own, first of all it is necessary to figure out what main parts the broken attic consists of.
In essence, a sloping roof is a residential attic, well enough insulated and protected from moisture and noise to make it comfortable to live in. Therefore, in terms of design, it differs slightly from an ordinary gable roof.
The following main elements of a sloping roof are distinguished:
- vertical racks;
- puffs - horizontal beams;
- rafters - stiffeners, which are the skeleton of the entire structure;
- struts - diagonal beams supporting the rafters;
- Mauerlat - wooden beams with special fasteners connecting the structure with the walls of the house;
- ridge run- aggregate upper elements truss system;
- headstock - fasteners that provide rigidity hanging rafters;
- contractions - horizontal struts that remove part of the load from the rafters;
- crate - a frame for fastening roofing material and insulation;
- roofing - can be made of ceramic tiles, different types of slate, profiled sheet and many other materials;
- heat, hydro and sound insulation.
Thus, the whole structure consists of a set right triangles. They are connected to each other with wooden beams. All the elements described are easy to find on the drawing of a broken attic.
Technical requirements for sloping roof
Sloped roofs are subject to the following requirements:
- the height of the attic walls must exceed 2.2 m;
- should be provided good ventilation so that moisture does not condense under the roof;
- roofing material should have a small mass;
- the design must provide for measures against the impact of additional load on the truss system - that is, the roof elements must withstand not only their own weight, but also, for example, snow;
- the attic loses heat faster than the lower floors, so special attention should be paid to thermal insulation;
- to provide fire safety all wooden beams and batten elements should be treated with flame retardants.
Varieties of truss systems
The device of a sloping roof is very simple - its slope, as it were, breaks into lower and upper parts, each of which is set at its own angle. Most often they are mounted at an angle of 60–70 °, and 15–30 °, respectively.
Based on the design features of the attic, such types of mansard broken roofs can be distinguished.
- Two types of rafters are used: hanging and layered. The attic floor beams are installed, a little short of the edges of the walls of the lower floor. The lower slope is made of layered rafters, which are attached to the walls of the house with the help of a Mauerlat. The frame of the attic walls is made from the racks. Such triangles are installed along the walls and connected by contractions. From above, they are joined by triangles of hanging rafters, based on a puff.
- To increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the lower edges of the rafters can be brought outside the house. In this case, they will not be attached to the Mauerlat, but to the ceiling, which, in turn, is held on external walls oh at home with the help of Mauerlat. The rafters are necessarily supported by struts. Racks go deep into the floor beams by no more than a third of their thickness.
- This rafter system sloping roof is different in that the upper triangles are made of layered, not hanging rafters. In this case, the puffs are supports for the uprights of the upper triangles.
Sloped roof calculation
Before starting work, two calculations must be carried out:
- determination of the amount of necessary building materials;
- calculation bearing capacity designs.
Determining how much material is needed is very simple due to the simple geometry of the sloping roof. Bearing capacity is not so easy to deal with. For its calculation it is necessary to take into account:
- weight of the roof;
- approximate mass of snow;
- the mass of the crate;
- a lot of steam, hydro and thermal insulation materials;
- roof dimensions;
- installation angles of slopes;
- the installation step of the elements of the truss system and roofing sheathing;
- additional load: mass of people and equipment, windows, ventilation, etc.
Based on these data and with the help of special programs, the bearing capacity is calculated. Depending on what bearing capacity is required, the cross-sectional area used in construction is selected. wooden beam. If something does not suit you, the project can be corrected by changing the truss system, choosing a different roofing material, placing the rafters less often.
In most programs, the design of a sloping roof can be visualized - on the 3D model it will immediately be seen how the changes will affect the appearance of the attic.
What materials need to be prepared?
After the development of the project, it will be clear which beam with which section should be used, which roofing material is better to choose, what should be the roof lathing. Will have to purchase big variety lumber: timber for the formation of Mauerlat, edged boards for the truss system, boards for battens. They need to be properly selected so that the design is durable and reliable.
Tips for choosing lumber:
- coniferous woods - pine, spruce - are best suited for building an attic - they are strong and rigid enough to withstand the entire load;
- wood should be well dried - its moisture content should not exceed 20%;
- the material must be free of knots, cracks, traces of biological damage and other defects.
Before installation, all wood is treated with flame retardants and antiseptics, as well as impregnations from decay. Such processing should be repeated periodically so that the load-bearing structural elements do not have to be replaced.
In addition to the main material, you need to stock up on metal fasteners for connecting the rafters to the Mauerlat and to each other, insulating and roofing materials.
Roof installation
Mauerlat installation
The construction of a sloping roof begins with the installation of a Mauerlat, to which the ends of the rafters will be attached. The nuances of this stage vary depending on the material from which the lower floor is built - if its walls are stone, you need to punch holes for anchors in them in advance and install fasteners. The spacing between anchors should not exceed 2 m.
Placed on the surface of the wall waterproofing material. Then the beam is marked, holes are drilled at the points of installation of the fasteners. Mauerlat is put on the anchor and tightly attracted with nuts.
Installation of floor beams
Installation sequence:
- first, extreme beams are placed from the ends of the building;
- strings are stretched between them to indicate the plane;
- intermediate beams are installed.
Mounting racks
Racks must be set strictly vertically. The principle of operation is the same as in the case of floor beams - first, the extreme racks are mounted, then the intermediate ones in the same plane. The step between the structural elements should not exceed 2 m. The racks are fixed with temporary struts. The height of the beams is 10 cm more than the planned height of the ceilings.
Runs from edged board. The result should be a finished frame for internal walls attic.
Installing puffs
The transverse beams are connected not to the racks, but to the girders, using metal roofing corners. If the width of the room is large, it is worth installing temporary spacers under each puff so that when walking on them during the construction of the upper slopes, the beams do not break or sag.
Rafter installation
First, the lower rafters are mounted. They are placed in the following order:
- mounting points are planned on the Mauerlat - the step between them should be 1–1.2 m;
- on the rafter legs, the attachment points are cut out according to the template;
- first, the extreme rafters are attached, then, as before, intermediate ones along the twine;
- struts are installed in accordance with the drawing.
The upper rafters are placed in the same way - according to the template. They are attached to puffs and interconnected; a longitudinal connection with a ridge beam is required only if the length of the attic exceeds 10 m. Otherwise, struts can be dispensed with, with which the construction of a broken mansard roof will be quite rigid.
The last stages of work are the sheathing of the gables and the fastening of the lathing for the roof. Window openings should be left in the gables (at least 1/8 total area outer walls of the attic).
Structural insulation
On the finished frame, it remains only to lay the roofing cake. Its first layer is a vapor barrier, which prevents moisture from penetrating into the insulation. placed on a vapor barrier membrane thermal insulation material- it is recommended to use stone basalt slabs. They are laid in several layers with a shift in the joints, which will protect against the occurrence of cold bridges. The size of the plates should be several cm more step between the beams of the counter-lattice. So that the insulation does not sag and lose its performance characteristics, its density should be at least 35 kg / m 3.
From above, the insulation is covered with a waterproof membrane, which allows steam to pass through, but does not allow liquid moisture to penetrate into the room. A roof is laid on top of the waterproofing layer - the features of its installation depend on the chosen material.
After the installation of the roof, only the finishing touches will remain - the installation of drainage systems, decorative trim. Inside, the finishing material is also attached to the crate over the thermal insulation. broken roof built. As you can see, it is quite possible to do it yourself - only the design and calculation will probably have to be entrusted to professionals.
The sloping roof, in fact, is a kind pitched roof. It is chosen when they want to get additional free space on attic floor or someone likes such designs more than the usual gable, three-slope, four-slope. The arrangement of a sloping roof is not an easy process, but it more than pays off with a beautiful appearance, increased functionality and cozy room fit for habitation. Let us consider in detail the structure of a broken roof and how to make it yourself.
What is a broken roof
The sloping roof got its name due to its shape. She has big number lines with breaks and a pentagonal (rather than triangular, as in classical pitched) projection of the pediment of the building. Many developers deliberately choose it for the sake of its shape, since a house with a sloping roof looks solid, solid, and with the help of additional elements, and even contrasting with the tone of the main roof and facade decoration, you can get a real masterpiece.
Cottage with sloping roof looks unusual and original
But for the most part, it's perfect when the desired attic size doesn't fit into a conventional pitched roof that doesn't provide enough loft height to comfortably stay there. The broken structure, due to the fracture of the slope, significantly reduces the "dead zones" - a space unsuitable for habitation.
By the way, not always a roof with a break is chosen for arranging a living room. It can also be "cold" rooms - a wine cellar for winemakers, gym for sports lovers.
Any room in the house is suitable for wine storage - basement, attic, pantry - the main thing is to provide the necessary climatic conditions for storing wine In the attic, you can arrange a dressing room or just a closet for household needs, equipped with various cabinets and shelves.
A small dressing room in the attic is a prime example of how you can use everything in a practical way. square meters own housing There are many options for broken roofs:
- Shed - the most simple design which you can easily do yourself.
Shed mansard roof with a slight break in the slope - a stylish and simple design - Gable - make it possible to equip a large attic space.
The streamlined shape makes the gable sloping roof resistant to gusts of wind and snow drifts. - Three-slope - have long been known in Russia and are popular today.
The aesthetics of a gabled sloping roof, on the one hand, is unobtrusive, and on the other, it has an undeniable appeal. - Four-slope - difficult to build, but beautiful in appearance and light, thanks to the design features. This allows you to equip a large attic space without unnecessarily loading the foundation. Therefore, four-pitched sloping roofs are in great demand in private housing construction.
Four-pitched broken structures are in demand in private construction - Hip, tent broken, tongs, combined, etc.
Hip sloping roof has a complex structure and increased cost, but provides rational use free space in the attic
That is, a break in the roof, allowing you to increase attic space applied almost everywhere. According to the builders - if something can be drawn, then it can be built. That's how it is, but it is important to calculate the estimate in advance so that later it does not turn out "I blinded him from what was."
The specifics of the structure of the sloping roof
The presence of a special truss system of rather impressive elements distinguishes the construction of a sloping roof from the construction of a typical pitched one. However, you should not be afraid of this. Kinked roofs are not as difficult to install as it might seem at first. It is quite possible to make them yourself.
The main advantage of broken roofs is that, despite the impressive size of the supports, most truss systems are mounted in a modular fashion. Many components are collected on the ground and ready-made lift up. Therefore, heavy construction equipment is not needed. Racks and rafters in places of fractures are cut off at a certain slope. The entire truss system is fixed with special connections.
Sloped roof rafters are mounted according to the scheme The best building width for arranging a sloping roof is 6 m. With a larger span, it is advisable to use other technologies, since the ability of sloping roof rafters to withstand heavy loads is significantly reduced. If the width of the house is less, then the rafter and reinforcing ceiling beams will be supported by a Mauerlat from a bar with a section of 90x140 mm.
The basis of a sloping roof are either bearing walls, or a rafter system of hanging and layered rafters, which is best made of wood so as not to burden the structure. The use of metal and reinforced concrete products is undesirable. The board must be thick, at least 50 mm in cross section, up to 18% moisture, treated with drying oil. More often, coniferous wood is used to create a supporting structure for a sloping roof, as it is inexpensive.
characteristic feature roofs with a break is the breakdown of the slope into two parts, each of which (upper or lower) is mounted at its own angle - the upper parts are usually 15–30 °, the lower 60–70 °. The broken structure is assembled with the help of brackets. Their number and installation locations depend on the type and area of the roof. Structural elements also depend on this, however, in the main types, they are necessarily inherent:
A correctly created roof structure with a break in ready-made comprises:
- finishing material, drywall, steam, heat and waterproofing layer;
- battens, counter battens and roof deck.
Broken roof calculation
The calculation is carried out taking into account the type of the main roofing, as well as the angles of inclination of the rafters. Calculate required volume covering material on a sloping roof is simple:
- measure the length and width of the slopes, multiply, get the area of \u200b\u200beach slope;
- the calculated areas are summarized and the result obtained is divided by the area of the roofing (sheets of metal tiles, ondulin, etc.) + 10–15% for overlap and stock.
Insulating materials are calculated in a similar way.
Before you calculate the truss system, you need to draw up a plan of the house and look at the maps snow loads and wind loads by region. Anyone who is familiar with ArchiCad or SolidWorks and knows the basics of construction can create a project for the roof of his house in these programs, where all elements have weight and size. On the basis of which you can immediately draw up an estimate and find out what the costs of arranging the selected roof are.
Video: roof truss system, design in ArchiCad and SolidWorks
We draw a sketch of the house on a checkered piece of paper, where we display the features of the sloping roof truss system - shape, wall width, slope angles, etc. Let's take a sketch from a photograph as an example.
When drawing up a diagram of a house, it is necessary to observe proportions Reference data: the width of the wall on which the end of the roof is formed (B d) is 6.4 m, is being built, for example, in Tyumen, the height of the box according to the sketch is 2.3 m, the distance from the ceiling to the roof ridge is 3.5 m, the angles of the slopes are angle a 60 ° between the ceiling and the slope and angle b at the point of break of the slopes 30 °, the desired height of the room (N m) is 2.5 m, there is no removal of the floor beams outside the wall (B c), the step of the rafters is 0.6 m .
We find the location of the construction on the map and find out the amount of snow loads for the area. Moreover, if construction is carried out on the border of regions, then they prefer greater value. In our example, the snow load (Tyumen) is 180 kg/m².
The amount of snow loads is determined depending on the terrain We determine the value of the power of the winds according to the map of wind loads and multiply by the correction factor (k) from the table below, since the type of terrain and the height of the future building matter here. In our example wind load for Tyumen is 24 kg / m², k 0.65 (column "B"). In total we get 24 x 0.65 = 15.6 kg / m².
According to the map of wind loads, the wind power is determined for all regions Table: coefficient (k) for terrain types
If the house is being built within the city limits, but near the sea, then the value of column "A" is taken.
In our example, the value of column "B" is taken - the height of the house is over 5 m and it is being built in the city (Tyumen) in cottage village where there are no high-rise buildings.
Video: sloping roof with attic, part 1 - design scheme, loads, DCS
We do calculations.
- We calculate the dependence of the width of the attic on the steepness of the attic slope (angle a) according to the laws of geometry - V m \u003d V d - (2 x (N m: tq a)) \u003d 6.4 - (2 x (2.5: tq 60 °) ) = 3.51 m. The calculation was made without the removal of the beams, when the rafters rest on the Mauerlat. With the removal of floor beams to the outside, for example, by 0.5 m, width attic space will increase to 4.01 m. Hence the conclusion - the greater the removal of the floor beams, the wider the attic room can be made.
- We count overall height roofs: H m + H k (height of the ridge triangle), where H k \u003d 0.5 x V m x tq b \u003d 2.5 m + (0.5 x 3.51 x tq 30 °) \u003d 2.5 m + 1.01 m = 3.51 m.
- We calculate the length of the rafter legs: to calculate the lower rafter legs N m: sin angle a \u003d 2.5: sin 60 ° \u003d 2.89 m length of the rafter leg; to calculate the ridge rafter H k: sin angle b = 1.01: sin 30 ° = 2.02 m. . If there is no removal of the beams, then the rafters will need to be lengthened, which means that an additional calculation needs to be carried out.
- We calculate the lengthening of the rafters - the working length of the filly - by the planned value eaves overhang according to the formula - the desired length of the cornice overhang (k): cos angle a = 0.5 m, for example: cos 60 ° = 1 m.
- We find out the slope of the slopes and the magnitude of the load on the rafters, guided by the table "Recommended slopes pitched roofs"located below.
- We calculate the load on the rafters. To do this, we use the original and calculated data. Load due to the slope of the slope (for example, a metal roof) + snow load, according to the snow load map + wind load (determined from the map, adjusted by a coefficient). Total: 5 kg / m² + 180 kg / m² + 15.6 kg / m² \u003d 200.6 kg / m² x the specified rafter installation step (we have 0.6 m) ≈ 110 kg / running meter.
Knowing the magnitude of the load, you can correctly select the section of the rafter lumber.
Table: the relationship between the load and the thickness of the timber for the truss system
Note: when choosing a load, we round up.
Video: sloping roof with attic, part 2 - calculation in Scad, selection of sections of roofing elements
When purchasing lumber, it is necessary to take into account the insulation, as well as the ventilation gap and the vapor-tight layer of the roofing “pie” (which is 20–30 mm).
The calculation of a broken roof is voluminous, but simple. It can be done independently manually or using the Scad calculation program. You can also use the online calculator for calculating the truss system on construction sites, where you need to enter the requested data and get a ready-made calculation.
Video: sloping roof with attic, part 3 - design and layout
Projects of houses with different types of sloping roofs
Thanks to design features, sloping roofs differ in appearance:
- with the support of the lower rafters on the Mauerlat;
- with the removal of the lower part of the layered rafters outside the wall;
- using only layered rafters.
Depending on the features of the truss system, broken roofs have different kind In the first version, the floor beams are installed so that they do not slightly reach the walls of the lower floor. The lower part of the slopes consists of layered rafters and is attached to the walls of the building with the help of a Mauerlat. From vertical elements(racks) make the frame of the attic space. Are obtained constituent elements roofs in the form of triangles along the walls, interconnected by contractions. And already the upper parts of the slopes are attached to them from the hanging rafters resting on the tightening.
In the second version, the lower edges of the rafters are brought outside the house, which makes it possible to increase the size of the attic. And the larger the takeaway, as mentioned above, the wider the room under the roof can be made. In this case, the support for the rafters is not the Mauerlat, but the floor beams, which are held by the Mauerlat. The rafters are supported by struts. Racks are recessed into the floors, but not more than 1/3 of the thickness.
In the third option, there are no hanging rafters. The upper slopes also consist of layered ones, the support for which are puffs.
Roof structure without vertical elements
There are also other versions of the broken roof, one of which is quite interesting - in this configuration there are no vertical posts, and the rafters are all the same length. Externally, the roof resembles an octahedron. The ceiling of the under-roofing room will be in the form of a tetrahedral vault.
Key Feature such a device is to increase the bearing capacity of the rafters, for which 2 metal plates (metal thickness 3 mm) are fixed on each of them at the fracture site on both sides. In addition, crossbars are installed in the upper part of the structure, due to which the load is additionally removed from the flatter part of the sloping roof. This solution makes it possible to strengthen the rafters, redistribute the load load-bearing elements, remove the racks and thereby significantly expand the room.
Sloping roof with attic
There are a lot of houses with an attic, because it is:
- an attractive silhouette of the roof, and with it the whole house;
- increase usable area through the rational use of existing;
- fast erection and small costs.
The design with a sloping hip-type mansard roof allows you to make the most efficient use of inner space attic Look especially unusual attic houses with a broken roof, where one slope is with a break, and the other is straight. Such an architectural technique is used when the asymmetry of the pediment is conceived according to the project and it is necessary to move the attic room to one or the other wall. Externally, this house looks stylish. On the asymmetric roof, it is easy to install solar panels, climate or heating systems And so on technological equipment.
The sloping roof is wonderfully combined with various futuristic forms, including asymmetry. Do-it-yourself sloping roof: step by step instructions
Before installing the roof, everything is processed wooden elements antiseptics, flame retardants and impregnations from decay. They stock up on the main roofing material, insulating and metal fasteners for fixing the rafters to the Mauerlat.
Of course, this is not the only technology for arranging a sloping roof. There are a number of others, and the choice depends on many factors - the material used, the layout, the type of roof, the conditions for conducting installation work etc.
Video: broken attic truss system
Installing the truss system yourself
The installation of a sloping roof is convenient in that it allows, as already mentioned above, to assemble many structural elements on the ground.
Only an experienced roofer can align all the elements of the truss system along a stretched cord. Even a minimal deviation (0.5–1 cm, for example) will cause the roof to “walk”. And this is unacceptable, especially when it comes to arranging a dwelling under a roof.
Video: a simple tip - how to install the rafter legs evenly and in the same plane
Sloping roof design
Under the design of the roof is understood the arrangement of cornices (overhangs), insulation of the attic, sheathing of the pediment. These works can be classified as secondary, but nevertheless very important. Arrangement of cornices - strengthening the protection of the house from the penetration of moisture, debris and dust into the under-roof space. To make cornices, the lower rafters are taken out of the building by 50-60 cm. This minimum size overhangs, which can be increased if desired.
Roof overhangs are hemmed and not hemmed, box-shaped and shortened. The best option is hemmed overhangs, which significantly increases functionality roofing and gives the house a finished look. Any material is suitable for filing - lining, board, metal, plastic, spotlights. It's all about the taste of the owners and the design of the house.
For filing the cornices of a sloping roof are used different materials In addition to the cornices, it is desirable to protect the frontal part of the roof, since in broken structures The pediment performs serious functions - it preserves and maintains the thermal regime in the attic. Therefore, it must be not only durable, but also well-insulated and attractive. If the project does not provide for full glazing of the pediment, then it is usually sheathed with the same material that the whole house is lined with. Often a tree is used if the house is brick or frame, which is carved. The skillful design of the pediment makes it possible to beautifully beat the most ordinary sloping roof design.
Spectacular element of architecture country house with a sloping mansard roof is the continuous glazing of the gable and the arrangement of the balcony Sloped roof insulation
Due to the peculiarities of its design, a sloping roof must have good thermal insulation. If the attic space remains "cold", then it will be enough to insulate only the ceiling that separates it from the house itself. As for the premises planned for housing (attic), everything is already insulated here - slopes, pediments, ceilings and walls.
The most popular heat insulator for attics is mineral basalt wool, laid in layers. It features near-zero moisture absorption, excellent vapor permeability, good fire resistance and at a small price.
Mineral wool - a common material for attic insulation If the insulation scheme has a polymer structure, then it is better to use a foam that is not inferior basalt wool. Although the vapor permeability coefficient mineral wool higher, but steam practically does not accumulate in the foam, but is removed through the irregularities and joints of the insulation. It is worth noting extruded polystyrene foam, which can last for many years without losing its properties. And, of course, sawdust, the main advantage of which is low cost, environmental friendliness and excellent thermal insulation properties.
Insulating materials stacked between the rafters as tightly as possible, leaving voids is unacceptable.
Video: how to insulate the attic roof with sawdust
The structure of a broken mansard roof implies single system from waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier. All layers are laid in a certain order with obligatory ventilation gaps, which will allow moisture to be removed from the insulation. Consequently, water vapor will not accumulate in the under-roof space, which means that the roof will be able to “breathe” freely.
The room under the roof, intended for housing, is insulated according to all the rules of thermal insulation of buildings From the inside, the entire structure is sheathed with drywall for further finishing attic room.
Video: insulation of a sloping attic roof
Sheltering the roof is one of the final stages roofing works, which is carried out according to the following scheme:
At this stage, it is important to choose the right covering material. Here again we return to the maps of snow and wind loads and look in which zone the site is located, and what loads will fall on the roof.
If in this area strong winds and heavy snowfalls, then use light roofing materials not recommended, otherwise there is a risk of their failure. And also do not use rolled materials in climatic zones with hot summer.
The most common roofing materials are slate and metal tiles.
Do-it-yourself sheathing of the pediment of a sloping roof
Gable - the front part of the wall between the slopes of the roof. Its shape depends on the configuration of the truss system and the preferences of the owners of the house. Most often, houses with sloping roofs and multi-gable roofs are equipped with a pediment. Less often - pitched roofs and log houses, where the pediment is already inscribed in the structure.
You can sew up the pediment yourself. This does not require special knowledge and skills. Sheathe the gables vinyl siding, PVC panels, wood, corrugated board.
You can sheathe the pediment yourself When dealing with siding as more popular facing material, use different technologies sheathing - on a rafter system, a crate or a pre-equipped aluminum frame. The easiest option is to mount the siding on the crate.
Video: do-it-yourself roof gable siding
As you can see, nothing complicated if you follow the rules and installation features inherent in any covering material.
Video: how to build an attic with your own hands
Construction of a broken mansard roof - the best option for a private house, as it allows you to get additional living space, which is sometimes not enough. Having studied the installation technology and adhering to the simple rules for installing, sheathing and insulating the roof, you can make a sloping roof with your own hands and easily make dreams come true. And also to enjoy the work done independently.
The sloping roof is different from gable design installation of rafter legs in two levels. The following selection of videos about a sloping roof will help you understand the technology for creating such a two-level truss system.
Sloping roof on the bath
Here you will see the construction of a sloping roof on a log bath. The workers first installed the inner supports and rafters of the lower tier. This was followed by sheathing of the truss system and gables. Only after that the team began to install the rafters of the upper part.
Sloped roof rafters for a house made of timber
The next video shows step-by-step instruction for the assembly of the truss system. First of all, you need to install a support beam of the required length, taking into account overhangs. Look carefully at how you need to connect the two parts of the support beam. Pay attention to the location of the docking bar. It must be inside the house.
In the second part of the video, you can watch the installation of the truss system on the house. First of all, a sheathed front gable is installed. Then the remaining elements of the system and the rear sheathed gable rise.
We make roof overhangs correctly
In the following video, you will see the installation instructions for the roof overhang.
Would you like to learn how to independently design a mansard sloping roof? Answers to many questions are given in the next video. Using the recommended program, you can independently develop a sloping roof project for your home.
Its peculiarity is in dividing the slope into several planes, which makes it possible to use the space under the roof for an attic device. Having a room under the roof will reduce the overall heat loss of the house. Do-it-yourself sloping roof can be properly built only if there are competent calculations and following all the standards during construction.
How to choose the angle of inclination
When choosing the angle at which the roof slopes are installed, it is necessary to consider:
- type of roofing;
- rainfall and wind strength;
- purpose of the room - for living quarters, the height of the ridge should not be placed below 2.5 meters.
The optimal value for the upper slopes is 30-45 degrees, for the lower - 60 degrees.
Drafting a project
Any construction begins with a drawing, and such complex structure like a sloping roof, will require compilation detailed diagram with all sizes and calculations. You can start work by viewing photos and diagrams that will help you understand how to build a sloping roof structure. Knowing the dimensions of the building, the type of roofing and insulation material, it is possible to calculate the dimensions of the components for the truss system using special calculators.
The consumption of material for roofing, as well as waterproofing, is calculated by the size of the roof area, which is calculated by adding the value of all slopes. The insulation layer for the mansard roof should be at least 20 cm.
Material
Before you make a sloping roof, pick up quality material for its construction. For this, dry glued laminated timber is purchased, the moisture content of which is 18–22%. Before installation, it undergoes mandatory treatment with an antiseptic and a means of preventing combustion. The treatment with the compositions is carried out in an open space, the funds are applied in two layers.
- timber for Mauerlat 200 × 200 mm, for struts 50 × 100 mm;
- board 50 × 150 mm;
- unedged board;
- metal brackets, corners, bolts, nails, self-tapping screws;
- laths for lathing 25 × 50 mm;
- vapor barrier membrane, insulation, waterproofing;
- roofing material.
Construction stages
Mauerlat. Installation roof structure assumed during the construction of the walls. In the upper row, special studs are laid for the subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat, which is the basis of the roof. This beam is laid around the entire perimeter of the walls, in drilled holes prepared studs are inserted and tightened with nuts. The pitch of the studs is two meters, best option if they are located between the rafters. A roofing material is laid under the Mauerlat, which provides protection from moisture. To securely hold the structure, a wire harness is used.
Beams. A thick beam with a section of 200 × 200 mm is laid directly on the mauerlat or in special pockets left in the masonry walls. The edges of the beams located on the masonry are smeared with mastic. The beam will serve as a support for uprights. They are attached to the Mauerlat metal corners. Strict observance of the horizontal level is required in order to obtain a high-quality basis for the roof. You can change the position of the beam by placing boards.
Installation of rafters. The vertical stops on the gables are the first to be exposed. Their level is controlled by plumb lines. Racks are temporarily fixed with spacers. A cord is pulled between the exposed rafters and all remaining racks are installed in increments equal to the location of the beams. Runs from the board are laid on the racks, their fastening is carried out with corners and self-tapping screws. On top of the runs, longitudinal puffs are attached, connecting the parallel racks and completing top harness. Until the final installation of the remaining rafters, the puffs are supported by struts.
The lower rafters are installed based on the run and Mauerlat. To facilitate the work of preparing the bars, a template is pre-executed. A thin board is applied to the run and sawing is performed under right angle. All lower rafters are cut according to the pattern and installed. The lower part, lying on the Mauerlat, is cut out on the spot. For fastening, plates or corners are used, twisting them with self-tapping screws or hammering them with nails.
Before installing the upper hanging rafters, it is necessary to mark the center of the roof. To do this, use a temporary rack, fixed in the center of the Mauerlat and gable puff. The top edge of the board will mark the center of the roof. A basis for the template is applied to this board, according to which the upper rafters will be cut, the second edge of the workpiece rests on the run.
All top rafters have same size, so they are filed in one pattern. The upper ends of the rafters are connected with board scraps, plates or bots. The lower part is inserted into the run with a cut and fastened with corners. Every rafter leg supported by a hanging rack measuring 25 × 150 mm, which is attached to the junction of the rafters and to the puff.
The lower rafters are reinforced with permanent struts. To do this, use a board 50 × 150 mm, the lower end is cut at an angle and mounted on a beam, the upper end is attached to the rafter with a bolt or stud. Having installed all the struts, remove the temporary supports.
After the installation of the truss structure is completed, it is necessary to correctly lay all the layers roofing cake. Initially, the rafters are sheathed vapor barrier membrane starting from the bottom of the roof. The joints of the material are glued with adhesive tape. Then the insulation is laid. Air vents must be installed between the roof insulation layer to ventilate the space. Low quality ventilation will cause condensation and dampness. Roofing should be selected taking into account its thermal insulation qualities, so the use of metal is not desirable. As a heater, choose safe non-combustible materials that are not exposed to moisture. Such materials include expanded polystyrene and foam glass. After insulation, waterproofing is installed.
The lathing is carried out directly under the selected type of roofing. A house with an attic
For quite a long time, broken-type roofs have been installed on houses, which makes it possible to increase living space. In most cases, an attic is arranged under such a design. Broken roofs, although they present certain difficulties, are often arranged. But if you carefully study the issue, then there are no special differences from the usual gable design.
Distinctive features
Designers believe that this type of roof is different artistic expressiveness, makes it possible to realize interesting solutions projects. With certain skills, it is quite possible to arrange such a roof on your own.
Main advantage broken roof demonstrates on a wide building, as it is possible to use the attic space with maximum effect. But the long spans significantly complicate the truss system, will be ineffective.
So, today a sloping roof is considered, it is told how to make it with your own hands.
Required materials, video
The main focus should be on harvesting wood, as it will be used the most. It is better to choose coniferous varieties, as they are the softest to work with and not particularly expensive. You will need:
- Bar. A truss structure is formed from it;
- Edged board. It will be needed for arranging the crate. Its quantity is determined by the roofing material used;
- Staples and brackets made of metal. With their help, the elements of the truss system will be fastened.
More clearly, this stage of work is presented in the video:
Preliminary processing
Before installing the rafters, all wood should be protected from moisture and possible fire. To this end, each element is processed special formulations. There are enough of them today.
Having installed the rafter system, it is recommended to process all the docking sections additionally.
Installation of a broken structure
Despite the certain difficulties of the workflow, everything can be done by hand. You just need to carefully study the features of the roof device, make a convenient design solution by calculating all the slope angles.
To simplify the process, a template can be prepared for the truss systems, according to the geometry of which it will be possible to navigate the work.
Having installed and marked out the muerlat, you can raise the rafters and mount them, starting with the first and last elements. Taking them as landmarks, it will be easier to set the rest of the rafters.
To give the structure additional rigidity, a ridge beam should be installed that connects the system into one.
Moisture protection and insulation
To create a comfortable atmosphere in the attic and reduce heating costs, it is worth arranging an insulating layer and protecting the roof from moisture. The recommended option for this is a roofing pie device.
The use of such a scheme will save on heating and arrange optimal humidity. insulation material fixed on the rafters with a stapler, lined with roofing.
Sheathing, roofing works
Having finished with the insulation and the installation of a waterproofing layer, you can choose the material for finishing the roof. This will determine how to arrange the crate, which will serve as the basis.
The installation work of the material should be carried out according to known technology, the presence of several inclined angles should not have an effect on this. Lathing boards are superimposed on special rails, with the help of which natural ventilation of the roof structure will be performed.
When stuffing the crate, you should carefully monitor its dimensions so that in the future there are no difficulties with fixing the roofing.
Installation work ends with installation drainage system which will protect the foundation from excess water.
The device of a sloping roof is considered a complex process, it requires some skills. But if there is a need to reduce financial expenses, then, having studied the instructions, you can do everything yourself.
