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Furnishing the bathroom

In the design of a house or apartment, an important place is occupied by a bathroom, as well as the placement of plumbing fixtures in it. In this room, you need to properly install plumbing, sewerage and electrical wiring. Even before the start of equipping or re-equipping the bathroom, it is necessary to carefully measure the room and think over the hot and cold water supply systems, the location of the drainage pipes, outline the locations of sockets and switches, furniture and plumbing. Before starting all the work related to big changes in the bathroom, a plan is developed.

Before starting the arrangement of the bathroom, it is necessary to develop a plan, taking into account all the measurements of the room.

For some work on the redevelopment of the bathroom, permission from the local technical inventory authorities will be required.

Some terms

When arranging the bathroom, it is necessary to observe the optimal distances for washing and wiping with a towel.

The area, size and equipment of the bathroom can be very diverse. And they call this corner of the dwelling in different ways:

1. A bathroom is a washroom with a washbasin and a toilet. It can accommodate a urinal and a bidet.
2. Bathroom - necessarily has a bath or jacuzzi, washbasin, place for a washing machine, possibly a shower.
3. Toilet - a room with a toilet without a washbasin.
4. Combined bathroom - a room in which plumbing for a bathroom and a bathroom is located.

When planning a bathroom, some norms of the minimum allowable area should be considered:

• toilet - 1.2 sq.m;
• bathroom - 1.5 sq.m;
• bathroom - 3.3 sq.m;
• combined bathroom - 3.8 sq.m;
• the height of the premises - from 2.5 m.

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Regulatory requirements

Depending on the size of the bathroom, it is necessary to choose the most suitable type of bathtub.

To properly place plumbing in the bathroom, you should follow some rules governing the location of the equipment:

• the distance from the door to the shower or bath is at least 70 cm;
• distance from shower or bath to hangers and heated towel rail - 50-70 cm;
• from the door to the toilet or bidet - 60 cm;
• to the left and right of the toilet and bidet - at least 25 cm;
• from the washbasin to the wall - at least 20 cm;
• from the washbasin to the bidet or toilet - at least 25 cm;
• from the floor to the washbasin - at least 80 cm;
• from the door to the washbasin - 70 cm;
• between the bidet and the toilet - 35-45 cm;
• from a shower or bath to a washbasin - 30 cm;
• from floor to toilet paper holder - 60-70 cm;
• the size of the shower cabin is at least 90x90 cm.

After installing all the equipment in the bathroom, there must be at least 170 cm of free space. It is necessary for changing clothes, for carrying out foot procedures and other actions.

Furniture and shelves in the bathroom should have rounded corners for safety reasons.

It is desirable to hide pipes and wires in the wall, but this is not always possible. Load-bearing walls must not be broken. At the planning stage of a bathroom renovation, this issue must be carefully considered. Even the door with its fittings, hooks, hangers and shelves require attention.

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The choice of plumbing

The range of plumbing equipment today is very wide. Only the financial possibilities of homeowners and the size of the premises for its installation can limit its choice. Before purchasing new plumbing, you should carefully consider its dimensions and installation schemes. Without this data, it is impossible to correctly install pipes for faucets, toilets, showers and bathtubs. When planning a bathroom, you should take into account the location of existing communications. In good plumbing salons, you can use a special program to arrange different models of equipment on a computer monitor and choose the most convenient and profitable option for yourself. This service is provided free of charge. To do this, you need to know all the dimensions of your bathroom in length, width and height.

First of all, you need to decide on the choice of the type of toilet bowl. It can be floor or wall mounted. The wall system is reliable, stable, compact and easy to use. It can withstand a weight of 350 kg or more. Has a modern look, saves toilet space. Installation is required to install such a toilet. This is a special system for installing suspended plumbing. It includes a metal frame, fasteners, a flush tank built into the wall. The installation allows you to hide pipes and valves, saving a lot of free space. Standard floor-standing toilets are sold in sizes 44x65 cm and 36x65 cm, bidets - 40x60 or 37x54 cm.

The washbasin can be in the form of a bowl on a leg. Water pipes, siphons, plums are hidden in the leg. There are sinks built into a chest of drawers or a cabinet. A mirror may be included. The corner sink allows you to place more shelves and cabinets next to it. There are other washbasin options.

An outlet next to the mirror is needed in any case. It is useful when using a razor and a hairdryer, you can connect a sconce and a washing machine to it. It is better to install several of them. They must be waterproof with hidden electrical wiring. The degree of protection is not lower than IP44 with grounding.

Showers are of several types. It is installed above the bathtub, in a cubicle or just on the wall. Very often the shower head and hose are included in the faucet set.

Faucets in the bathroom should be functional, easy to use and fit into the interior. The most popular models are single-lever. They are easy to use. The pressure of the water jet and its temperature are regulated by one lever. Two-valve mixers regulate the pressure and temperature of the water with two separate valves. There are commercially available faucets equipped with electronic control. They supply water automatically when you bring your hands to the faucet and when you enter the shower. The best material for the production of mixers is brass. On top of the brass can be covered with a layer of decorative material.

When purchasing a mixer-thermostat, it must be remembered that the hot water supply to it should be mounted on the left, and cold water on the right. According to domestic standards, the opposite is true: cold water is supplied through the left pipe, hot - through the right.

The bathtub can be made of cast iron, steel or acrylic. Shapes and sizes are very different. Standard bath sizes are from 75-80x160 cm to 75-80x170 cm.

A non-standard corner bath makes room for furniture, a washing machine. To install such plumbing, the correct supply of all pipes and electrical wires is required. Corner baths come in sizes 150x150 or 160x160 cm.

Installing a shower cabin saves space in the bathroom. Such equipment takes up little space, reduces water consumption, it is hygienic, looks stylish. A shower cabin can have a hydro shower and a hydro sauna, a variety of shapes and colors. Its standard sizes are from 80x80 to 100x100 cm.

A heated towel rail is installed in the bathroom. It can be water, electric and combined. The form is in the form of a ladder, serpentine, resembling a spring or a horseshoe. Each of these designs involves the supply of hot water or electricity to it.

Space is limited, but you need to connect several items to the water supply and sewerage at once. And do not forget about ergonomics and an elementary sense of comfort. We study the allowable distances between plumbing, choose a place for a bath, washbasin and toilet with a bidet.

What the magic of aquamarine is capable of: a bathroom project by designer Evgenia Shevchenko "." width="100%">

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Where to begin?

We make a plan. To do this, you need to know the exact dimensions of the bathroom, the location of the sewer and water pipes. We draw a plan of the room in compliance with the scale and sketch out the placement of plumbing in the bathroom with a pencil. Even more convenient: use a scheduler program from the Internet (available, for example, on the IKEA website). Let's take a closer look at the main elements of this plan.

Moidodyr A582 10 / 20 XX from Villeroy & Boch.	Washbasin with mirror In the spotlight. Ideally, this is the first object that should be in the field of view of the person entering the bathroom. (From the point of view of comfort in the bathroom, it is considered a mistake if the toilet or bathtub attracts the main attention). The washbasin is mounted at a height of 80 cm from the floor. There must be at least 70 cm of free space in front of him.
Sink BN46A / BN50A by Flaminia.	Two sinks or one Depends on personal habits. If you are calm about making a morning or evening toilet together and are used to brushing your teeth for a couple with someone from the household, then put two sinks. It is best to combine them with one countertop. Naturally, there should be enough space in the bathroom. The distance between the sinks along the axis of the mixers is at least 90 cm, and between the edges of the sinks is 25 cm.
Toilet bowl K-3393 from Kohler.	Toilet bowl Tied to a stand. Try to place them as close as possible to the sewer riser. It is not recommended to put the toilet bowl at a great distance from the riser: it is difficult to maintain the required angle of inclination of the drain pipe of two degrees (you will have to raise the floor level or hide the pipe into the wall). The more bends in it, the more likely the risk of blockage. The distance from the front edge of the toilet bowl to the opposite wall should be at least 60 cm, on the sides - at least 25 cm on each side. And remember: in terms of psychological comfort, the toilet should not be the first thing that catches your eye when you enter the bathroom.
Bidet 750 CER750B from Agape.	Bidet They put it next to the toilet. The placement conditions are the same: 60 cm from the front edge to the opposite wall and 25 cm on the sides. A bidet is not always possible to place in small bathrooms of typical apartments. In this case, you can buy a toilet with bidet functions - there are now a lot of such models both in the budget and in the top segments (Duravit, Ideal Standard, VitrA have it).
Shower cabin Europa 10 from Samo.	Bath or cabin Depends on area. Placing plumbing in a combined bathroom allows options. If the length of the short wall in the bathroom is from 160 cm, it is better to place the bath along it. An elongated rectangular bathroom will seem more proportional with this placement. If the short wall is less than one and a half meters, then consider replacing the bathtub with a cabin or explore the range of corner models. Because putting a bath along a long wall in a narrow room is not the best option. As in the case of a washbasin, there should be at least 70 cm of free space in front of the bathroom.
Diva bathtub by Burgbad.	Freestanding bathtub Not an option for a typical apartment. A bathroom for a free-standing bath must be at least 9 square meters. meters. Only in this case it makes sense to think about such a complex (in terms of installation and connection) design. Serious requirements are placed on the floor and ceilings: they must be more durable than when installing a conventional wall-mounted bath: a free-standing installation with the entire system usually weighs much more.
Sink 1116601101 from Ido.	Washing machine Not far from the drain. The drain hose of the machine cannot be longer than one and a half meters, and the connection with the drain pipe must be at a height of 70-90 cm from the floor. At the same time, there must be enough free space in front of the front-loading machine to open the hatch. Options with a lack of space are mini sink machines and top-loading machines. If the placement of plumbing in the bathroom is such that there is no room for a typewriter, try fitting it into the kitchen.
Wardrobe Leon credenza by Cantori.	Cabinets The final stage. Storage furniture is planned when the placement of plumbing in the bathroom is already thought out. so that the cabinets do not violate the integrity of the internal volume of the bathroom, it is better to place them on the wall where the door is located. Then the incoming will see them last. In small bathrooms, it is better to use hinged cabinets (so as not to take up space on the floor) and with mirrored doors (for the effect of expanding space). For storage of powders and detergents can be equipped in a sanitary cabinet. If there are ledges in the walls, think about it. whether to turn them into niches for storage.

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The location of plumbing in the bathroom is a crucial step that requires careful preparation, because the bathroom combines plumbing and electrical wiring. In this article, we will talk about how to arrange plumbing in such a way as to ensure not only convenience, but also the safety of its use.

First of all, you need to pay attention to the minimum distance between the plumbing and the walls of the room. Already when designing, it is important to take this into account and calculate everything with a margin.

• The distance in front of the bath or shower should remain at least 70 cm - it will be easier to get out after water procedures and use a towel.
• When installing a shower cabin, make sure that the water supply and drain are in a strictly designated place for them, in accordance with the requirements for the location of the cabin.
• Hangers and towel dryers are installed at a distance of 50 cm from the bath or shower, so that they can be easily reached.
• Make the location of the toilet closer to the sewer riser. There must be at least 60 cm of free space in front of the bidet or toilet.
• Direct the flushing pipe for flushing with holes to the wall at an angle of 45°.
• Planning the correct placement of plumbing in the bathroom,< учитывайте рост и возраст всех членов вашей семьи.
• If your bathroom is not impressive in size, plumbing can be installed tightly against the wall. If the area allows, then you can install it in the center, then the piping will be under the floor.
• Leave a distance of at least 70 cm in front of the washbasins to make it more comfortable to bend over when washing.
• To save space, it is recommended to use corner models of showers and washbasins. The shower can be placed above the bathtub, covering it with a screen.
• If the bath is long and narrow, then it is better to place the plumbing in one line, and leave the coil and heated towel rail on the opposite side.

If children do not have their own bathroom in the house, then in the common room it is necessary to put a comfortable bench that will help them perform hygiene procedures with ease. It is best not to fill the bathroom with unnecessary items - you should be able to freely spread your arms and dry yourself, and if necessary, bend over. You can place a washing machine under the washbasin - this will save space, and it is better to equip a storage space under the bathroom.

When solving the issue with lighting, give preference not to one central light, but to several lamps at once. It will be more convenient for both the man who shaves and the woman who cares for her face.

The bath is not the safest place in the house, as it is always humid here. To avoid falls, it is necessary to lay special rugs that do not slip. If you take a shower in the bath, it is better to lay a special rug on its bottom to avoid falling.

These simple tips will help you to safely place your fixtures and plan your bathroom according to ergonomic requirements.

In order for plumbing equipment to work properly, it is important to place it correctly vertically and horizontally.

In addition to the correct operation of plumbing equipment, the standards for its placement are aimed at ease of use - ergonomics, especially in cases where people with disabilities or the elderly live in the house. For these categories, regulatory documents give more specific recommendations or requirements, including the size of auxiliary rooms and the location of doors.

Normative documents

The main documents worth studying for the layout and equipment of the bathroom and toilet:

1. SNiP 2.08.01–89.
2. SNiP 3.05.01–85.
3. SN 478–80 (when wiring with plastic pipes).
4. SP 40-103-98 and VSN 69-97 (when wiring with metal-polymer pipes).
5. SP 40-102-2000 (when wiring with polymeric materials).
6. SP 40-108-2004 (for wiring with copper pipes).

Recommended distances when determining the place of installation of plumbing are indicated in SNiP 3.05.01–85. European and American standards (DIN and NKBA) almost coincide with Russian standards, and in the USA the height is slightly higher, and in Asian countries, on the contrary, a little lower.

Requirements of regulatory documentation for the placement of plumbing in the toilet and bathroom

The main document when placing plumbing is SNiP 3.05.01–85. He declares:

• sequence of work;
• hole sizes when laying pipes through walls and ceilings;
• types of steel pipe connections;
• recommendations for pipe fastenings;
• requirements for the installation height of sanitary equipment;
• test requirements.

Placement of bathrooms and toilet rooms above living quarters is not allowed. Above the kitchen, if necessary in two-story houses and apartments - it is allowed.

The size of the toilet should not be less than 0.8x1.2 (WxD) m. For families with a disabled person, the dimensions of the premises cannot be less than:

• toilet with washbasin - 1.6x2.2 m;
• bathroom or combined bathroom - 2.2x2.2 m.

Data on the installation height of the water intake fittings in private houses (from the horizontal axis of the fittings to plumbing) are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

* When installing taps and faucets directly on the sink (sink), the installation height is determined by the design of the devices.

Installation of a bathtub and a washbasin with a common faucet

Data on the height of the installation of drainage from sanitary appliances in private homes are summarized in table 2.

table 2

The data given in this table are advisory in nature. Most installation dimensions can be found in the factory mounting card for each model, which is accompanied by serious manufacturers. When planning the purchase of equipment, you need to study the available offers and the possibilities of their connection. So, some toilet manufacturers provide several options for mounting their equipment.

Permissible deviations in the height of free-standing devices - ± 20 mm, groups of the same type - ± 5 mm

Requirements for the installation of internal sewerage:

• sockets of fittings and pipes are mounted against the flow;
• joints of cast-iron pipes are insulated with tarred hemp with caulking with cement mortar;
• it is desirable to mount the toilet outlet directly to the outlet pipe, in extreme cases - through a pipe (cast iron, PE) or a coupling (rubber);
• when installing a toilet bowl with a direct outlet, the socket of the outlet pipe is installed flush with the floor;
• installation of the toilet bowl is permissible on screws (with a rubber gasket under the base) or glue;
• the flush pipe of the urinal tray is installed at an angle of 45°, downwards towards the wall.

Installation of the frame of the attached toilet bowl with a hidden cistern and bidet

SNiP 2.08.01–89 and departmental norms standardize the minimum, maximum or optimal horizontal dimensions when sanitary equipment is located:

• between the bidet and the toilet - at least 0.25 m, but not so far as to reduce ergonomics - no more than 0.45 m;
• in front of the toilet, the bidet should be an open space - from 0.6 m;
• on both sides of the toilet bowl, the bidet should have free space - from 0.25 m;
• there should be an open space in front of the bathroom, shower cabin - from 0.7 m;
• in front of the washbasin, the free area should be WxD - at least 0.7x1.1 m, when the washbasin is located in a niche - at least 0.7x0.95 m;
• the recommended distance from the bath / cabin to the washbasin is 0.3 m;
• the recommended distance from the bath / cabin to the heated towel rail is 0.5–0.4 m.

Optimal placement of washbasin and mirror

Recommendations for equipment placement, water supply to faucets, drain diameters

At the construction design stage, you need to think about the number of bathrooms - toilets and bathrooms, for the correct placement of risers and taking into account loads. If the house is large and guest rooms are planned, or several generations of the family live in the house - parents, children, grandchildren, then it makes sense to organize more than one bathroom. The guest bathroom can contain only a toilet bowl and a washbasin, the master bathrooms are equipped with an additional bath or shower.

A lot of useful information on the installation of plumbing and ready-made layouts for various cases can be found in Ernst Neufert's Encyclopedia "Building Design". This will be especially useful for those who do not have significant areas of the bathroom and toilet room.

When placing equipment, sometimes you just need to rely on common sense. So, in most cases, the bath is placed along one of the walls or in the corner, but if the area allows, you can install it as an island by wiring in a hidden channel in the floor or floor box. The minimum area of ​​​​the bathroom dictates the installation of a corner shower or a sit-down bath. When designing a bathroom with natural light, the size, placement and type of window glazing must be taken into account.

The longer the bath, the smaller it can be

The mirror is usually installed above the washbasin. If the mirror is located on the cabinet door, it must be located above the top point of the faucet spout. When installing two separate washbasins in a room, the distance between them should not be less than 90 cm, otherwise simultaneous use will be difficult. At the same time, it is convenient to place a heated towel rail or a towel holder between the washstands.

Consider the presence of shelves and cabinets, a washing machine, a basket for dirty laundry, outlet outlets (if necessary). A bathroom can be very functional even if it is small.

Bathroom and toilet layout

Combined bathroom layout

Bathroom layout example

Economical arrangement of corner shelves and washbasin

Left / right - how to correctly connect cold and hot water to the mixer

Traditionally, water supply to faucets is carried out for right-handers and taking into account the fact that the cold water tap is used more often: on the right - cold water, on the left - hot. In addition, this arrangement is safer for right-handed children - there is less risk of accidentally scalding with hot water (note to parents whose children are left-handed!).

And yet, in most cases, this arrangement is a matter of habit, especially if the supplies are made with flexible hoses. However, thermostatic faucets must be connected correctly, otherwise they will not work. Some manufacturers equip their models with replaceable thermostatic cartridges, which allows you to “switch” an incorrectly connected mixer without dismantling the installation with hidden wiring.

thermostatic mixer

For proper drainage, the diameters of the sewer drains must correspond to the drain flow or connecting diameters from the plumbing equipment. Data on the minimum diameters of the drain pipes are given in table 3.

Table 3

We always spend the beginning of a new day in the bathroom, and its design, in turn, can significantly affect the emerging mood, and even self-esteem. We will talk about how to create comfortable conditions in the bathroom space, giving photo examples, and based on the presence of the most common mistakes in arranging this room.

Ill-conceived layout

The main problem that causes a variety of inconveniences is an improperly planned bathroom space. At the same time, if in a spacious room you can still put up with the fact that the shower is in the wrong place, then in a small room such a “defect” is unacceptable.

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In order for you to be comfortable in a small bathroom, you should consider filling it to the smallest detail, starting, of course, with large plumbing fixtures. The bath must be installed so that it completely fills the space along one of the walls. But if you also need to place a washing machine in the room, it is better to abandon the bath in favor of a shower cabin.

Instead of a massive floor cabinet under the sink, use a compact hanging analog, and install the toilet so that there is enough space for free passage between it and the plumbing opposite.

club atmosphere

If you, once admiring the design of a bathroom in a popular public institution (nightclub, cafe, restaurant), want to recreate a similar atmosphere in your own bathroom, think before making such a mistake.

Often, bathrooms in establishments are deliberately decorated in a relaxed, languid manner, for example, in dark colors, with a lot of mirrors and dim lighting. In fact, such a bathroom interior in an apartment or house will be oppressive, interfere with a vigorous awakening in the morning, and make your complexion unhealthy.

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No protective barriers

The area around the bath can be left without a protective curtain if a shower cabin is additionally installed in the room. In the case when the bath is combined with a shower, the absence of a partition or curtain will lead to the fact that the adjacent walls and floor will be flooded with water, which you will spend extra time cleaning.

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The easiest and most affordable way to isolate a bathtub with a shower is to mount the bar between the walls and hang a functional curtain on it. There are other methods to protect against splashing on nearby surfaces, for example, static glass partitions, sliding or hinged doors installed on the side of the bath.

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Slippery floor

When choosing ceramic tiles for flooring, you can make one, but very significant mistake, and get a smooth glossy material.

It is important to understand that for the sake of beauty, you neglect safety rules, because if water gets on a slippery surface, the risk of serious injury during a fall increases.

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Glossy can be tiles for wall cladding in the bathroom, but the floor here must be matte, slightly rough. If you make the right choice in favor of a special, lapped tile, then in the future you will save yourself from unnecessary fears of damaging something.

Dim work light

We will not tire of reminding you how important high-quality, well-mounted light is in the working area of ​​the bathroom. And it would be a great omission on your part to ignore the issue of installing lighting fixtures near the mirror above the sink. As a result, you can end up with unsightly shadows on your face, choose the wrong tone for cosmetics, and generally spend a lot more time in the bathroom trying to see your own reflection.

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An excellent solution for the working area of ​​the bathroom is a mirror with integrated lighting that will illuminate your face softly and evenly. Alternatively, you can install a pair of identical lights on the sides of the mirror at the same height from each other, but this will require additional wiring.

paper wallpaper

For specific rooms with high humidity, this method of decorating walls is not suitable a priori, especially if the room is small. The paper base and glue for such wallpapers will quickly absorb moisture, the seams will open, and the canvases can completely move away from the surface of the walls.

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The best material for cladding the walls of the bathroom is ceramic tiles, laid out in compliance with all installation rules. If for some reason you are not ready to use it in the design of the room, it is better to opt for a combined finish. That is, if the wallpaper - then certainly washable moisture resistant (vinyl), - they can be used in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sink, front door, near the bath. The lower part of the walls, however, is better to be faced with tiles, decorative bricks or moisture-resistant panels, especially in the shower area.

No towel holder

This seemingly insignificant detail can in practice create the best conditions for being in the bathroom. But if you do not provide for the installation of a rod or hanger with simple hooks in time, you can get some trouble. For example, when you leave the bathtub to grab a towel across the room, you leave wet footprints that you slip on.

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Ideally, hooks, a bar, or a multifunction holder with a dryer should be near each area associated with water procedures: at the bathtub, at the cabin, at the sink (for spacious bathrooms).

Missing bath mat

A foot mat is a nice touch, but if you don't have one in the bathroom, you can catch a cold standing on the cold floor with bare feet, or slip while getting out of the tub or shower.

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Any plumbing store will offer you suitable rugs made of cotton or soft polyester in different sizes, shapes and pile sizes. We recommend choosing a rug with a rubber base to prevent it from slipping on the floor surface.

Very small sink

Surprisingly, even in fairly spacious bathrooms, very small bowls are often installed, probably due to the unusual design, shape, or built-in sensor. In practice, such plumbing products are nothing more than decorative, little functional accessories.

Standing near a small sink, even one person will find it difficult to carry out the usual hygiene procedures, not to mention a married couple or children who are in a hurry to go to school in the morning.

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In a large bathroom, it is better to install two separate sinks at once in order to make daily rituals as comfortable as possible for everyone. For small spaces, it is recommended to choose a single sink with a wide bowl, or a double washbasin option.

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Discreet decoration

If it seems to you that in the bathroom it is enough to clad the surfaces and install the right plumbing, we will answer: this is only 70% of what should be done in this room. After all, a bathroom is a separate, albeit small, but independent room, which can also have its own, unique image.

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Bathroom decorating can be an incredibly fun activity through which you can unleash your creativity. Therefore, we advise you to go to the store in order to choose original lamps for the work area, a beautiful framed or beveled mirror, textile rugs, soap containers, a bright bath curtain and many other useful and beautiful things.