How to properly flush the heating system. Technology for flushing and pressure testing the heating system. Chemical flushing of the heating system

Everyone, sooner or later, is faced with the problem of interruptions in the operation of heating systems. Regular flushing of the heating system will help prevent this. After all, the reason, most often, is that deposits, dirt, silt and scale accumulate in the pipes and water cannot move freely through the system. This problem is absolutely solvable, and at home. There are various methods. However, let's take a closer look at the most common ones.

If you notice that your house is getting colder, perhaps this is the first signal that you need to flush the heating system. This can be easily checked without resorting to the help of a specialist - just touch the batteries. If it is heated unevenly, or part of it is generally cold, flush. There are several more beacons that it is time to clean the pipes: uncharacteristic noise in the batteries, when the heating is started, the system warms up for a very long time.

Most often, horizontal parts of the pipe are exposed to the main pollution. According to the standard arrangement of radiators in the house, these are usually small areas, and it will not be difficult to clean them.

Causes of pollution in the heating system

The primary source of problems in heating systems is hot water, the main coolant.

1. Firstly, hot water, interacting with the materials from which the system is made, can provoke a chemical reaction. Consequences - scale.
2. Secondly, the properties of water themselves. It can contain a great many different impurities, which can provoke not only banal corrosion, but also contribute to precipitation and plaque on pipes.

It is the occurrence of deposits from all of the above that can lead to the quality of the operation of the heat elements of the system.

An interesting fact is that even a layer of deposits is only seven to nine millimeters, the efficiency of the heating system drops by more than 42%.

And, of course, all this affects the life of the heating elements in general, they quickly become unusable.

Types of flushing heating systems

Chemical flushing of heating

This method is based on the dissolution of various substances deposited on pipes in chemical compounds. This is one of the most effective, used and proven ways to clean the heating system from excess.

Chemicals liquefy all components of deposits, scale, which are then naturally washed out of the heating system. As a rule, the composition of such substances includes an element that protects pipes from the appearance of signs of rust, and extends the period of operation.

In order to clean the pipes in this way, you must have special equipment.

Usually, experts use in such cases. It is needed so that after injecting a chemical solution into heating devices, the pump gives direction to its movement through the system. The time spent on cleaning depends on each material in the heating system, the strength of the dirt and the selected substance. In addition, the process of enveloping pipes from the inside with an oxide film also has its own time frame.

This method has several significant advantages:

• Firstly, this is the cheapest and most proven method of cleaning the heating system;
• Secondly, the speed of manifestation of results, it is very high;
• Thirdly, flushing can be carried out without stopping the heating, which allows it to be used at different times of the year.

The disadvantages of the method are that, first and foremost, it cannot be used to flush aluminum pipes (as this can destroy their integrity), and secondly, like any chemical, the solution is toxic.

The sequence of actions when using this method of flushing the heating system:

1. First, try to consider the existing heating system in as much detail as possible in order to select the right chemical solution.
2. Pay attention to the instructions for the composition. Means can have a different consistency and it is necessary to dilute the chemical as it is written in the recommendations for it.
3. Connect the pump to the system, having previously filled the tank intended for this with the composition.
4. Make sure the chemical is circulating in the system. We repeat that the time depends on the strength and composition of the contamination.
5. Remove the chemical from the system, flush it with water and refill.

5 popular system flushes

Dispersed flushing heating

Let's call this method the "second" generation of chemical. Its action is as follows: the chemical composition does not react with the metal and only affects the polluting composition (silt, dirt, scale) and its interaction with the heating system. Also necessary.

The advantages of this method can be called:

1. Firstly, this method is suitable for any heating system, no matter what material it is made of, and for any time of the year.
2. Secondly, the reagents are non-toxic.
3. Thirdly, as in the case of the first method, all pollutants are already removed at the stage of decomposition and cannot re-create a congestion. And, of course, in the future, our heating system will be protected during further operation.

Instruction:

1. Determine the required amount of solution, selected specifically for your heating system.
2. Connect the pump to the system by filling the appropriate container with the reagent.
3. After cleaning, flush the system, dispose of the composition.
4. If you are cleaning during the heating period, then you need to connect a device that will close the heating system.

This method is based on descaling by supplying water under high pressure through certain nozzles. This is an environmentally friendly way, which, by the way, copes well with pollution on. Due to the properties of this metal, the chemical method may not be very effective. However, it is relatively more expensive (since special equipment is needed that can give a jet of water under pressure of several hundred atmospheres) and high-quality cleaning will not work without the help of third parties. The fact is that before you start cleaning, you need to treat the dirt with a solution that can soften them.

Pneumopulse method of flushing the heating system

This method is based on the generation of small explosions of air bubbles, which are able to tear off impurities from the inside. For this, the following are used: an air gun, a switch, equipment for supplying air with an accumulation system (for example, a compressor), adapter (connecting) hoses.

How does the installation work?

First, the air gun is connected to the heating pipes through a hose and a switch, then comes the compressed air transmitter. Further, a liquid is passed through this entire system, which sets the piston in motion and, in fact, starts the installation.

If you decide to use a compressor to supply air, then when water is introduced and the piston position changes under its pressure, the empty container begins to fill with air. After the cylinder is full, part of the air will move into the piston, which, directing it into the heating system, will create a shock wave.

In order to completely clean the system, you need from two to five strokes. The process itself will take several minutes, and is completely independent of electricity - the installation works autonomously.

Of the minuses of this method, one can name its limited range, due to the characteristics of the gun.

Find out and also read tips for the home master from our new article.

The easiest way to implement, and which will not require any investment other than labor.

This is the usual mechanical cleaning, which is possible in any apartment, house.

Instruction:

1. First of all, it is necessary to disconnect the radiator from the system and drain all the liquid from it. Be sure to cover all surfaces with unnecessary rags so as not to spoil or damage the coating. If you have a special tap on the batteries, this will greatly facilitate the task. In the event that there are cast-iron batteries in the house, a heating element may be needed to remove them (to make it easier to unwind the connection).
2. Next, the radiator must be flushed. The easiest way to do this is in the bathroom, directing water from the shower hose at maximum pressure into the pipes. You need to do this for as long as the rusty water will run. If there is too large and noticeable layer of deposits inside the pipes, use a metal fixture. As soon as the pollution stops washing out of the battery, the cleaning is completed.
3. We wash the pipes in the same way, cleaning individual segments.
4. Be sure to clean the threads from corrosion before assembling the system.

• Please note that aluminum, bimetallic radiators, convectors have a relatively small volume in which the circulation rate of the coolant does not allow precipitation to be released.
• closed systems. Since in such systems the volume of water does not change, the volume of pollution that appears new remains the same.
• Connect batteries from below. As already mentioned, deposits accumulate on horizontal lines, which means that the bulk will leave with the flow of the coolant.
• Install a dirt filter. This is a relatively cheap fixture that will make cleaning easier for you. It is much easier to remove scale from one part than to clean the entire riser.

Prices for popular models of heating radiators

Heating radiators

Video - how to clean a heating radiator with your own hands

The MEDESK product belongs to a professional series of highly effective means for flushing heat exchange systems. It is successfully used for washing various types of heat exchange equipment. It is suitable for removing scale and corrosion deposits that occur in hot water boilers, heat exchangers, heating systems for housing and communal services, boilers during their operation. Means for flushing heat exchange systems "MEDESK" does not harm the rubber gaskets and seals used in the systems.

• fast and effective descaling;
• rinses off quickly
• the product belongs to hazard class III (moderately hazardous substances);
• due to the presence of a modern super-efficient inhibitor, it is reliable.

• interaction with parts made of aluminum is prohibited.

Means for flushing heating systems Medesk

The complex agent of the brand "SP-OM" is used for flushing the heating system, heat exchangers, boilers and any other heat exchange equipment. Can be used in open and closed heat exchange circuits. "SP-OM" does not destroy aluminum, polymer elements of the system, as well as rubber gaskets. Excellent performance on an industrial scale. There are various brands of SP-OM designed for specific operating conditions. Products webpage -https://spomcom.ru/

• effective removal of scale, rust and other deposits;
• in-place washing;
• does not corrode rubber gaskets and seals;
• prevents corrosion of ferrous metals;
• may further include a corrosion inhibitor;
• can be used with aluminum parts.

• consultation and services of a flushing specialist may be required.

Metalin T

Metalin T is a product based on hydrochloric acid. Removes powerful lime deposits, rust products and organics in heating systems made of steel or non-ferrous metals. It is a non-flammable substance. After adding an alkaline neutralizer, it is allowed to drain the waste into the sewer. Packed in concentrated form in containers from 1 to 30 liters.

Brief excerpts from normative documentation, rules and SNiP for pressure testing of heating .

Analyzing the statistics of the questions you ask and realizing that many questions on pressure testing of the heating system for the majority of our audience remain incomprehensible to you, we decided to make a selection from the necessary points and the Rules for pressure testing, approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation and SNiP.

1. Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants.

Developed and approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation. No. 115 dated March 24, 2003

p. 9.2 Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water systems.

Hydraulic tests of the equipment of heat points and heating systems should be carried out separately.
Heating points and heating systems should be tested at least once a year, with a test pressure equal to 1.25 working pressure at the heating network inlet, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm 2).

9.2.11 To protect against internal corrosion, heating systems must be constantly filled with deaerated, chemically treated water.

9.2.12 Tests for the strength and density of the system equipment are carried out annually after the end of the heating season to identify defects, as well as before the start of the heating period after the repair is completed.

Clause 9.2.13 strength and density tests of water heating systems are carried out with test pressure, but not lower than:

Elevator unit, water heaters for heating systems, hot water supply - 1MPa (10kgf / cm 2 or 10Ati.)

Heating systems with cast-iron heaters, stamped steel radiators - should be taken 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm 2 or 6 Ati)

Panel and convector heating systems - 1.0 MPa (10 kgf / cm 2 or 10 Ati).

For heaters of heating and ventilation systems - depending on the working pressure established by the technical conditions of the manufacturer.

The minimum value of the test pressure during a hydraulic test should be 1.25 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm 2 or 2 Atm).
Testing of pipelines is carried out in the following order should be carried out in compliance with the following basic requirements:

• test pressure must be provided at the top point (mark) of the pipelines; the water temperature during testing should be no higher than 45 ° C, air is completely removed through the air vents at the upper points;
• the pressure is brought to the operating pressure and maintained for the time necessary to inspect all welded and flanged joints, fittings, equipment, instruments, but not less than 10 minutes;
• if no defects are detected within 10 minutes, the pressure is brought to the test pressure.

The pressure must be maintained for 15 minutes and then reduced to working pressure. The pressure drop is recorded on the control pressure gauge.

Systems are considered to have passed the test if, during the test:

No “sweating” of welds or leaks from heating devices, pipelines, fittings and other equipment were found.

When testing the strength and density of water and steam heating systems for 5 minutes, the fall does not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf / cm 2 or 0.2 Atm).

When testing the strength and density of panel heating systems for 15 minutes, the fall does not exceed 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf / cm 2 or 0.6 Ati).

When testing the strength and density of hot water supply systems for 10 minutes, the fall does not exceed 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2 or 0.5 Ati).

When testing the strength and density of plastic pipeline systems for 30 minutes, the fall does not exceed 0.06 MPa (0.6 kgf / cm 2 or 0.6 Atm).

The results of the test are documented in the Certificate of Testing for Strength and Density.

If the strength and density test results do not meet the specified conditions, it is necessary to identify and repair leaks, and then retest the system.

When testing, spring pressure gauges of an accuracy class of at least 1.5 with a diameter of at least 160 mm are used, with a division value of 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf / cm 2 or 0.1 Ati).

2. SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems"

4.6. Testing of water heating and heat supply systems should be carried out with the boilers and expansion vessels turned off by the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm 2 (2Ati)) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is recognized as having passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm) and there are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings, heating appliances and equipment.

3. SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

4.4.8 Hydraulic testing of water heating systems should be carried out at a positive temperature in the premises of the building.

Heating systems must withstand, without destruction and loss of tightness, a test water pressure exceeding the operating pressure in the system by 1.5 times, but not less than 0.6 MPa.
The value of the test pressure during hydraulic testing of heating systems should not exceed the limiting test pressure for heaters, equipment, fittings and pipelines installed in the system.

Scheduled flushing and pressure testing of the heating system maintains the stable operation of heating networks. Flushing the heating circuits allows you to clean the internal surfaces of scale, rust, plaque and deposits. Periodic pressure testing ensures the heat transfer established by the standards at a given pressure. Well-maintained equipment helps to reduce energy costs, maintain productivity and high performance of the heating system.

What is flushing and pressure testing of the heating system

Building codes and regulations regulate the sequence and technical nuances of performing work on flushing and pressure testing of heating. They contain diagrams and instructions that serve as a binding guide. Based on the provisions set out in the SNiP, the essence of the concepts of “flushing” and “pressure testing” follows. This is a complex of works, including chemical, hydropneumatic cleaning, hydraulic testing and adjustment of heating equipment.

What is flushing

Flushing prepares heating networks for testing; different methods of cleaning the inner walls of the pipeline are used. Compressors or special installations are used for these purposes.

Flushing pump for heating systems

Divalent iron oxide, oxides of magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and trivalent sulfur oxide are found in the composition of pipe deposits. Is it worth it to remove such a plaque? The presence of plaque leads to an increased load on the heating equipment, provokes breakdowns and gusts, and at the same time reduces the efficiency of the heating main.

Comparison: uncleaned and new pipe

Important! Flushing of heating systems should be carried out every 5-7 years. Missing the deadlines is fraught with disruption of the heating season and interruptions in the operation of the system.

The essence of the pressing procedure

Pressure testing is a hydraulic test of the system in order to check it for leaks and breakdowns, adjust the pressure indicators in accordance with the standards. Tests are carried out by supplying pressurized water or air to the system using a hydraulic pump.

Electric crimping pump

Pressing is carried out in the following cases:

• upon completion of heating installation (commissioning of the system);
• when replacing heating appliances and parts of the pipeline;
• when preparing the system for the heating season.

Among the most important indicators affecting the coolant and the quality of heating is the working pressure. The pressure limits depend on the number of storeys and the type of building. Failures in the movement of the coolant caused by deposits in pipes, leaks, breakage of devices lead to sudden pressure drops.

Important! If the pressure is 40% or more higher than the operating parameters, flushing and pressure testing of the heating is mandatory.

The sequence of work on pressure testing of the heating system

How to prepare a heating system for pressure testing

The main purpose of pressure testing is to check the heating circuit for leaks. The overpressure injected during testing provokes the failure of components and devices unsuitable for further operation and helps to identify emergency areas.

At the preparatory stage, the entire heating system is turned off, the coolant (antifreeze or water) is drained. Before pressure testing, they inspect the nodes, valves and other valves, cut off the heating circuit with a plug from the common line. If necessary, restore the insulation of the pipeline and change the stuffing box seals.

The process of pressure testing the heating system

The procedure itself includes the following steps:

• filling the system with water or air at an acceptable pressure (1.5 times higher than the working pressure), hydraulic or pneumatic equipment is used;
• identification of problems in the system;
• detection of leaks, places of exit of water and air.

Important! When testing, the following parameters should be taken into account:

• type of pipeline (from what material, wall thickness);
• reinforcement characteristics;
• number of storeys of the building;
• wiring type.

In order to avoid a rupture of the pipeline during the test, the readings of pressure gauges are monitored. To detect leaks in a multi-storey building, air or water is released at a pressure higher than the working one by 30%. The set value is monitored for half an hour, if the readings remain stable, then the crimping is considered completed.

A drop in pressure indicates depressurization, leaks in the heating circuit. Find the location of the accident. Before repair, water is drained (partial drain is allowed), tightness is restored, then pressure testing is carried out again.

At what pressure are tests carried out?

In order to choose the right pressure for pressure testing, they are guided by working pressure indicators: for private houses - 1.5-2 atmospheres, for low-rise buildings with a centralized network - 2-4 atmospheres, in 9-storey buildings - 5-7 atmospheres, in high-rise buildings - 7 -10 atmospheres, from the CHP along the heating main, the coolant pressure is 12 atmospheres.

Permissible pressure indicators in pipes

Crimping work at the start of new heating equipment is carried out at a pressure twice the standard values. All subsequent tests are done with an increase in pressure by 20-50% of the operating parameters.

Who does heating pressure testing?

The responsibility for the preparation of heating systems lies with the organizations operating the premises. Residential buildings are serviced by public utilities employees of management companies. In administrative, industrial premises, such work is performed by service personnel.

Based on safety standards and the position of a professional approach, it is better to contact certified personnel if necessary for pressure testing and flushing of heating. Qualified crimpers have the necessary knowledge and technology. In addition, they have special equipment and the ability to work freely at the heating unit.

Video: flushing the heating system and heat exchangers

Flushing the heating system of an apartment building

How often is a procedure such as flushing the heating system of an apartment building performed, and why is flushing necessary? Let's try to answer these questions in this article.

When does it become necessary to flush the heating system in residential buildings?

The answer to the question of when heating systems are flushed lies on the surface, if a significant decrease in the efficiency of its work is revealed. And the latter is significantly reduced over time due to the fact that in them (especially when it comes to heating systems for apartment buildings) processes such as silting are continuously going on.

First of all, this occurs in areas of heating systems through which the coolant moves at minimum speeds: heating radiators, connections to them and bottling.

It should be remembered that these processes are most intensive in radiators made of cast iron, since they have large intra-sectional volumes. This is explained by elementary physics. With fixed diameters of inlets and risers, the speed of water movement is inversely proportional to the internal volume of the heater. And the lower the speed, the more deposits.

The main methods of flushing the heating system of a residential building

The technique for flushing the heating system of an apartment building may vary, but in any case, flushing, confirmed by the relevant Act, is designed to restore the efficiency of your system.

The rules and procedure for flushing the heating system of an apartment building depend on the time that has passed since the day of the overhaul of the heating systems (CO), the materials from which the pipelines are made, etc.

The sediment in the CO is formed due to scale formed during the installation of the system during welding, sand and other solid suspensions that enter the main from the heating main. The fact is that the CHPP takes water around the clock and heats large volumes, it is technically impossible to filter them with proper purity.

If the CO line is made of steel pipes that have not undergone special anti-corrosion treatment, then flushing the heating system of a residential building is required due to another problem - mineral deposits. Salts of Mg and Ca are deposited on the pipes from the inside and the inner diameter, due to this, is constantly decreasing. This problem is solved simply, instead of pipes made of ordinary steel, galvanized pipes or pipes with an internal polymer coating are used.

The presence of solid suspensions in the coolant becomes the cause, leading to a complete blockage of movement through the entire radiator. Water moves only through a number of extreme sections. Things can get to the point that the circuit is completely blocked and falls out of the CO (when the inner hole is completely silted up).

Chemical flushing of the heating system

Flushing heating in an apartment building by this method is considered the most effective and efficient and is selected in cases where:

• Work is underway to restore the CO in an old apartment building that has been in operation for several decades without replacing pipelines. Flushing of in-house heating systems, in this situation, is performed only after calculating the economic feasibility of the operation. Often it is absent in principle, since the pipeline is so destroyed that dozens of leak points appear after cleaning them.
• Work is underway to remove the deposits formed in it from the system. But only in those cases when the owner of the specified object refuses to completely change it to a modern one. In this case, the vast majority of sediments are concentrated in the boiler heat exchanger, and the sludge spreads evenly over the entire surface (mainly in the lower parts).

Flushing the heating system of an apartment building, in these cases, consists in pouring a special solution (reagent) into the flushed circuit instead of the water present there. As a rule, the reagent is an alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide, NaOH), or phosphoric acids (general formula P2O5 nh3O).

The equipment for flushing the heating system of an apartment building, specially used for these purposes, in this case is a pump that bubbling and circulating in the flushed circuit. The process continues continuously for at least two hours. Then the reagent is drained and pressure testing of the CO is performed, after the successful completion of which, it is put into operation again.

The method of flushing the heating system of an apartment building categorically prohibits draining waste solutions into the sewer. But, if there is no other possibility of disposal, then this is possible provided that you have a neutralizing solution.

Hydropneumatic system cleaning

Flushing heating in an apartment building according to this method is most often used by all housing and communal services since the days of the USSR, because. demonstrated its high efficiency at a relatively low cost of work.

In various organizations, it is called differently: pneumopulse flushing of the home heating system, hydrodynamic flushing method, etc. But the essence of technology does not change from this.

These works are carried out very simply. The heating system circuit is closed for discharge into the sewer at the first stage from the supply line to the return line, at the second - vice versa. Passing water, in these cases, is “adjusted” by a compressor (pneumatic pump), which supplies air under pressure to the line.

The resulting pulp is driven along the contour of the entire CO. At the same time, it partially breaks the scale and loosens the silt deposits and takes it all with it into the sewer.

The sequence of work such as flushing in-house heating systems, step by step looks like this:

1. On the return line, the valve is closed (common house);
2. After it, there is a metering valve in the system, to which the compressor is connected;
3. The discharge opens on the common house return line;
4. We raise the pressure in the special tank of the connected compressor up to 6 kgf / sq. cm, after which we open the valve;

The instruction for flushing the heating system of a residential building provides for the successive overlapping of a group of risers, selected in such a way that no more than ten of them open at a time. With this approach, flushing is as efficient and effective as possible.

The time during which flushing should be performed is easily determined by the condition of the discharged liquid. Reached a transparent state, go to the next group of risers.

After complete flushing of all risers, the heating system is re-switched so that the discharge is directed in the opposite direction.

1. The valve to which the compressor was connected closes the discharge;
2. then the supply line to the house is closed with a valve and the house return line is opened;
3. Reset opens from filing;
4. The compressor is docked to the return valve, after which this valve opens;
5. Racks are flushed. Only in reverse order.

The frequency of flushing the heating system can be significantly reduced if the recurring problem is solved, when it is enough to flush not the entire system, but only one heater (radiator).

For this procedure, you can purchase a special flushing tap. But it is better to use a self-made structure for this, consisting of a ball valve and a radiator cap.

It should be installed in the system with the coolant discharged from the riser. Then, when the CO starts to work, the indicated device can be successfully used in order to remove any pollutants (slags, sludge, etc.). Moreover, not only from the radiator, but also from the supply pipes to it.

In addition to the faucet mentioned earlier, you will need a hose equipped with a fitting. Moreover, the latter must have a thread that matches the one on the tap installed by us for flushing.

Heating schemes for a private house, in which the piping is made according to one of the above options, requires the performer to make high-quality preliminary calculations.

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Flushing and pressure testing of the heating system in an apartment building

The heating system, like any other design, has a certain service life. The duration of its operation is influenced by many factors: the amount of water pressure and pressure drops, the degree of water hardness and the specified temperature regime, the presence of preventive measures and the material of the radiators that does not meet the standards.

To extend the "life" of the heating system is within the power of both the owner of the apartment and the economic organization.

Flushing the heating system: what is it

Any pipes - water, sewer, heating eventually become a victim of scale. This process is inevitable, since even the purest water contains a certain amount of salts. And since the liquid is constantly heated and cooled, some of them are deposited on the walls of the pipe. At the same time, its inner surface becomes uneven, which, in turn, provokes the process of sediment deposition already due to the relief surface.

The appearance of scale significantly accelerates the wear of pipes and batteries, and even worse, reduces heat transfer. Experts say that a layer of sediment 1 mm thick can reduce the level of heat transfer by 15%.

• You can reduce the process speed by installing a filter on the pipeline. And quite often, such a device is mounted on water pipes. The use of a filter in this case is completely justified. But heating, especially in an apartment building, is not economically profitable to equip with filters.

The problem is solved using the washing procedure, that is, supplying an air-water mixture under pressure - no more than 6 kgf / sq. see. The mixture washes risers and radiators, breaking up plaque and washing it out of the pipeline. Air is supplied by a compressor through a hose - the device provides air under pressure, ordinary tap water is used. The spent mixture is discharged through another hose into the sewer.

Rinsing is carried out until the outlet water is completely clear.

The procedure is carried out once a year before the start of the heating season. Depending on the condition of the pipes in an apartment building, it can be carried out as less often - if the water is soft, then the scale forms not so intensively, but more often. But the latter option is implemented, as a rule, by the owner of the apartment.

Heating in a private residential building also needs periodic cleaning. The need for flushing is determined by the level of decrease in heating efficiency:

• heating of the premises is carried out for a long time, while cooling follows in the usual mode;
• with hot pipes, the radiator heats up poorly or remains cold;
• there is an increased need for energy, which is associated with an increase in costs;
• system operation is accompanied by whistling unusual sounds.

If the above signs are observed, cleaning is necessary.

Flushing technology

The procedure cannot be carried out without the necessary equipment - an air compressor with enough power to maintain the desired pressure - no more than 0.6 MPa. The compressor supplies compressed air to risers pre-filled with water. The air-water mixture moves at high speed and removes scale.

The device, if the procedure is carried out on its own, can be rented - it is irrational to purchase it for such a rare need. The photo shows an air compressor.

Two methods apply

In the first case, a branch pipe with a check valve cuts into the supply pipe. If the residential building is small, then it is allowed to use existing pipes.

1. A drain pipe is fixed on the return pipe.
2. The compressor supplies compressed air, which is mixed with water. The non-return valve protects the machine from water ingress.
3. The mixture circulates through the system for some time - 10–15 minutes, and then, after the compressor is turned off, it is discharged through the return line.

The second method is more commonly used in large multi-apartment buildings. In this case, the air supply through the heating is carried out in parallel with the process of removing the waste fluid. The procedure ends after the water is completely clarified at the outlet.

The result of cleaning is more efficient operation of heating, improved heat transfer, since the walls of heating devices are cleaned of plaque, and, in fact, lower costs.

Cleaning works do not require a license, they can be carried out both by organizations and by the owners of private dwellings. However, it should be remembered that such a procedure is calculated for each heating system individually, therefore, in the absence of the necessary experience, it is recommended to contact specialists.

Hydropneumatic testing: what is it

As a rule, they are carried out after flushing the heating system. Their essence is reduced to detection of leaks and damages or confirmation of their absence. In this case, the absence or presence of defects is documented. Pressurization is carried out in several cases:

• without fail after the end of the heating season, regardless of whether the cleaning procedure was carried out or not;
• upon commissioning of the entire building or autonomous heating in the apartment;
• after repair of any part of the system;
• after liquidation of emergencies, replacement of the pipeline and so on.

Pressure testing is carried out after turning off the heating and removing the coolant - water or antifreeze. The compressed air equipment used is a pneumatic or hydraulic pump. In this case, the pressure that the pump creates is noticeably higher than the usual value. In this way, leaks and damage that might not be visible at low pressure are immediately detected. Crimping does not affect the effectiveness of undamaged elements.

Before the procedure, if flushing was not carried out, you should visually verify that there are no leaks on all elements: risers, pipelines, batteries, elevator assembly, and so on.

1. Heating is filled with water. If the building is small - 1-2 floors, then there is no need to increase the pressure. In an apartment building, the pressure is raised by a press to the value indicated in the documentation. The pressure level depends on the material of the pipeline and radiators. So, when using cast-iron batteries, the recommended pressure reaches 3-5 atm., And for a private cottage, pressurize above 2 atm. does not make sense, as the emergency reset valve will operate.
2. Manometer readings are observed for half an hour. If the data does not change, then the system is recognized as hermetic. If the readings change, then the pressure drops, which is a sign of a leak.
3. After the location of the damage is found, the water is removed and the element is repaired. Then pressure testing is carried out a second time in order to verify the quality of the repair.
4. If the leakage is no longer observed, representatives of the heat supply and heating networks fill out the relevant act.

Pressure testing is carried out by the relevant organizations, as a rule, employees of the public utilities. The procedure can be carried out by any trained specialist - a certificate is required, using special equipment. Do-it-yourself pressure testing should not be carried out, since such tests must have documentary evidence, and it is impossible to obtain it without the approval of the organization.

kamingid.com

Flushing of central heating systems of apartment buildings OZP 2011-2012.

When preparing the multi-apartment housing stock for the autumn-winter heating period, one of the points provides for flushing and pressure testing of central heating systems in apartment buildings. The rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 No. 170 determine the flushing of the central heating system of an apartment building (hereinafter MKD): clause 9.2.9. flushing of systems is carried out annually after the end of the heating period, as well as after installation, overhaul, maintenance with the replacement of pipes (in open systems, systems must also be disinfected before commissioning). The systems are flushed with water in amounts exceeding the calculated flow rate of the coolant by 3-5 times, while complete clarification of the water should be achieved. When carrying out hydropneumatic flushing, the flow rate of the air mixture should not exceed 3-5 times the calculated flow rate of the coolant. For flushing, tap or process water is used. Connection of systems that have not been flushed is not allowed. Flushing the heating system provides better circulation of the coolant and heat transfer, and as a result, less energy consumption, which leads to comfortable living during the heating period and savings in paying for this type of service. To carry out the activities, it is necessary to submit an application for flushing the MKD heating system to the heat supply organization of the district as soon as possible. It should be recalled that, in accordance with Article 161 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004 No. 188-FZ, the owners of residential premises in apartment buildings must choose and implement a method for managing an apartment building. The implementation of the chosen method of management provides for the conclusion of contracts for the supply of energy carriers and maintenance, by specialized organizations, of intra-house engineering networks of the general use of an apartment building.

If the owners of MKD residential premises do not comply with the above requirements of the law, then local authorities, in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, recognize the chosen method of management as not implemented and hold an open tender for the selection of a managing organization in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 06.02.2007 No. 75 “On the procedure for holding an open competition by the local government to select a managing organization to manage an apartment building”, that is, the managing organization will be responsible for managing the MKD.

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- 2 unique ways + Video

In order for the heating system to maintain its efficiency and performance for the longest possible time, it must be periodically flushed. This simple event allows you to remove scale and various kinds of debris from the elements of the system.

Flushing and pressure testing of the heating system

According to the rules, specially trained people should be engaged in flushing the heating system. But if you wish, you can do it yourself. Read the provided guide and get started.

Flushing and pressure testing of the heating system

Why flush the heating system?

Have you noticed that one of your friends or neighbors has much warmer batteries than you have at home? There may be several reasons for this, but the most common is the presence of blockages in the heating mains. It is to eliminate such troubles and prevent their further occurrence that flushing is performed.

Symptoms and manifestations of a clogged heating system in a private house

Heating efficiency is reduced due to two main factors, namely:

Cast iron batteries, as well as radiators with a large number of sections, are most susceptible to silting. The dependence is simple: the more sections and the larger they are, the slower the coolant moves through the system and the higher the likelihood of silting.

Instructions for flushing the heating system

Scheme of pneumopulse cleaning

There are 2 main methods for flushing the heating system, namely:

• using special hydropneumatic equipment;
• using chemicals.

Washing by hydropneumatic method

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems - instructions

This method is actively used by domestic ZhEKs and is quite effective. You just need to do everything in accordance with technology.

The principle is extremely simple: first, water is discharged from the system, then it is fed back. To "adjust" the water flow, a special pneumatic pump is used. As a result, under the influence of a rather powerful pressure, scale and other deposits peel off, and when the water is drained, they are removed from the system.

To independently carry out such a procedure, you will need a pneumatic pump capable of pumping pressure over 6 kg / cm2.

The sequence of actions is as follows.

Turn off all taps before starting work.

End caps are unscrewed with a wrench

First step. Close the return valve.

Heating system line diagram

Second step. We connect the pneumatic pump to the valve installed after the valve.

Third step. Let's drop the return.

Fourth step. Let the pneumatic pump build up pressure above 6 kg / cm2, and then open the valve to which it is connected.

Fifth step. We cover all the risers one by one. We do this so that at one moment no more than 10 risers are blocked. Following this rule will make the flushing procedure as efficient as possible.

Sixth step. We transfer the system to reset in the opposite direction. To do this, we do the following:

• close the discharge and close the valve connected to the pump and turn off the device;
• close the open valve, and then open a similar one on the "return";
• reset the heating system. To do this, we connect the pneumatic pump to the valve in the opposite direction, after which we open the valve and turn on the pump. The fluid will move in the other direction.

You can determine the required duration of flushing "by eye". Is a clear clear fluid coming out of the system? You can finish! Return the valves and valves to their original position and turn off the pump.

Prepare a suitable container to collect dirty water. If desired, you can connect a hose to the battery and ensure that the dirty coolant is discharged into the sewer.

Chemical flush

Scheme of chemical flushing of pipes

The use of this method can be resorted to only in two cases, namely:

• if necessary, cleaning the heating system with natural circulation, built using steel pipes. It is advisable to use chemicals in situations where, for any reason, there is no desire to flush the entire system. Most often, blockages are deposited in heat exchangers. The system can silt along the entire perimeter. In the second case, there will be little sense from chemical washing;
• if it is necessary to restore the old heating system. Over decades of operation, pipes can become clogged and overgrown so much that the power of the pneumatic pump will not be enough for effective cleaning. Of course, it would be possible to take a more powerful pump, but no one can guarantee that the pipes will not burst under such pressure.

Important! If the pipes are very old, with traces of corrosion and deformation damage, there may not be any positive result from flushing. The chemicals will simply dissolve the rust, causing the pipes to start leaking. The only effective solution in such a situation will be the replacement of obsolete highways.

Washing agent

The principle of flushing is simple: instead of a coolant, a special solution containing acid and alkali is poured into the system. Then the mixture is circulated for 2-3 hours (if it is not a line with natural circulation that is being cleaned, for this it will be necessary to connect a pneumatic pump), after which it is drained and the pipes are filled with a standard coolant.

Reagents for flushing and protection of heating systems

Important! According to the requirements of SNiP, such reagents are prohibited from being poured into the sewer. The best option is to neutralize the used mixture with a special composition. You can buy it in the same place where you can buy the wash solution.

Never use such chemical mixtures to clean aluminum pipes. If the products remain intact after such washing, they will serve much less.

Mandatory flushing of the system of a private house is recommended to be done at least once every 7 to 10 years

Is it possible to flush a separate battery?

Now you know how to flush the heating system. However, sometimes it becomes necessary to clean a separate battery. There is a solution for this situation as well.

Heating battery cleaning scheme

Important! Flushing a separate heating radiator must be done strictly before the start of the heating season.

Purchase a flush faucet from a plumbing store. In addition, you need to purchase a rubber hose and a fitting with a thread that matches the diameter of the purchased flushing valve. Fit the fitting to the hose.

Direct flushing is carried out in the following sequence.

First step. We connect a flush valve to the heating radiator.

Second step. We connect the fitting with a hose to the flushing tap.

Third step. We direct the other end of the rubber hose into the toilet.

Fourth step. Open the flush valve and leave for 20-30 minutes. In the process of waiting, we hold the hose so that it does not jump out of the toilet.

Important! Although individual batteries are recommended to be flushed strictly before the start of the heating season, in some situations the need for flushing occurs when the heating is in full swing. If this is the case for you, stick the hose deeper, right into the riser. Otherwise, the hot coolant can destroy the toilet.

Video - Flushing a heating radiator

Selection table of reagents for flushing the heating system

Pressure testing of the heating system

Manual pressure pump

Electric crimping machine

Before starting the system, it must be pressure tested. This procedure allows you to detect leaks and other weak points.

Pressurization is carried out using a compressor or pump. The main thing is that the equipment can produce pressure that exceeds the working pressure for your system. Check with your local utility for this figure.

The sequence of actions is as follows.

First step. We visually examine the heating circuit for visible defects. We remember suspicious places.

Second step. We connect the pump to the heating system (the connection manual was given earlier) and apply a pressure that exceeds the working pressure by 1-2 atm. First turn off the emergency pressure relief valve.

Pressure testing of the heating system

Pressure testing of the heating system

Third step. Connect a manometer to the pump. Within 1-2 hours we fix the pressure indicators. If they do not change, everything is fine with the system. If the pressure drops, there are leaks. Finding leaks is very easy. It is enough to apply a soap solution to the elements of the system. Bubbles will appear in defective places.

Lubricate pipes and connections with soapy water

The detected damages are eliminated by a suitable method (cold welding, astringent solution, etc.). After repairing defects, the test must be repeated. If the pressure stays the same, you're done. You can supply the coolant to the circuit and turn on the heating system.

Flushing the heating system allows you to eliminate blockages and scale, thereby increasing the efficiency of the line and extending its service life. Now you have all the information you need to carry out the necessary activities on your own.

Successful work!

Video - Hydropneumatic flushing of the heating system

Video - Chemical flushing of the heating system