Wood burning boiler with your own hands. Wood-burning boilers Do-it-yourself economical wood-burning boilers

To heat a private house, you can make a wood-fired boiler with your own hands. In order for the unit to be economical and have a high efficiency, it is recommended to prepare drawings for it and decide on the type of its device. In the absence of skills in welding, you can make a simple heating device. It is quite possible to assemble a pyrolysis analogue with certain knowledge.

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Device types

To heat a private house, apartment or office, a boiler is installed. It can run on gas, electricity, wood. It is not recommended to make your own gas boilers. Such equipment must meet certain technical requirements.

Electric units are easy to operate, but due to the high price of electricity, they are unprofitable. Experts advise installing such equipment:

• in the garage;
• in the country;
• where there is a need for periodic heating.

To assemble a liquid fuel boiler, certain knowledge and nozzles will be required. It's easier to make a wood-fired boiler. It can be installed in a private house, at various industrial and commercial facilities.

Wood burning boiler. DIY construction. Part 2

• on wood;
• pyrolysis;
• pellet;
• long burning.

Most often, households independently assemble long-burning boilers. Such devices do not require significant financial costs and are easy to operate. The design of the boiler is affected by the availability and cost of materials, the type of fuel and the characteristics of the circulation of the coolant.

In order for a home-made wood-burning unit to be durable, experts advise making it from stainless heat-resistant steel or cast iron. More often, the boiler is assembled from sheet steel with a thickness of more than 4 mm. To ensure the natural circulation of the coolant, heating circuits and fittings of a significant diameter are used.




Additionally, the storage tank is placed at a height. In the absence of such an opportunity, experts advise using a circulation pump, which will reduce the diameter of the pipes. The circumference of the nozzles must be at least 32 mm. For their manufacture, a steel pipe with thick walls is suitable. Galvanized steel is used as the heating circuit. Special attention is paid to the sealing of threaded connections.



Structural details

Simple homemade wood-fired boilers consist of two containers placed inside each other. The inner part is intended for the firebox, and the outer one is used as heating tank. Such a unit can work on wood and other types of solid fuels. The disadvantage of a wood-burning boiler is low efficiency. When heating the object, there are significant costs of firewood and a constant lack of heat.

The design of pyrolysis boilers is presented in the form of two combustion chambers. One is for fuel, and the second is for pyrolysis gas. Some details of such a model are expensive, so not every person can make a pyrolysis boiler. But in the long run, the unit pays for itself in 3 seasons.

In the 20th century, there was great demand for pellet boilers. They work on pressed sawdust. Their principle of operation is that heat is transferred from the gas that is released during the combustion of sawdust. The heat carrier installed in the heat exchanger is heated. In order for the heating system to work efficiently, it is recommended to use a cast iron heat exchanger. It is characterized by the highest rate of heat transfer. The part is not subject to corrosion.

DIY boiler

To increase the efficiency of the entire system by 15%, it is recommended to make a home-made wood-fired boiler with a water circuit-jacket of a vertical or horizontal pipeline. In such units, not only water is used. The coolant can be any liquid, which is characterized by sufficient heat capacity.

In a do-it-yourself wood-fired water boiler, special attention is paid to sealing. The water jacket is presented in the form of a furnace placed in a barrel. If the unit has a horizontal pipeline, then the hot pipe rises above the cold one. When the placement is vertical, the heat exchanger is located strictly vertically or at a slight slope.

Experts advise laying pipes in a checkerboard pattern. In this case, the efficiency of the entire heating system increases. A modern home-made boiler for water heating on wood is best made from heat-resistant steel. It is characterized by high thermal conductivity.



Gas cylinder application

You can assemble a wood-burning boiler using an old gas cylinder, metal corners, a metal grate, a cast-iron door, a sheet of metal and a pipe. The valve is removed from the cylinder. For this, a hammer is used. A hole is cut out from the top for the door.

The frame is cooked from the corners. Doors are attached to it. The frame itself is fixed to the balloon. A hole is made in the doors and frame to install fasteners that are pre-connected to each other. A hole is cut out in the container for the grate so that it is located at the bottom of the future unit.

The grating is welded to the hole using a welding machine. To get a box without a lid, you will need to weld 4 metal strips to the cut out part. The resulting part is attached to the bottom of the boiler. The box will be used as an ash pan.

The legs are welded on the bottom. They will ensure a stable location of the boiler on the base. At the top make a hole for the chimney. The corresponding pipe is connected. The resulting heating unit is best installed in a separate room that meets building and fire regulations.

Garage heating. Do-it-yourself boiler from a gas gun. All stages of creation and verification.



Leaf boiler

It is possible to assemble a heating device using sheet metal different thickness: 4-5 mm and 10-12 mm. Additionally, you will need metal corners, a grate and pipes to remove smoke. To make the walls of the boiler, sheet material is used. It also makes 2 partitions.

A hole is cut out in the part that will be installed at the top of the equipment for the future chimney. Side walls are welded to the bottom, and to vertical elements- metal strips 3 cm wide. The last step is to install the grate. Attached to the side panels metal supports presented as stripes.

Doors are cut out of metal. They are installed on the boiler with fasteners. It is recommended to make separate dampers for the firebox and ash pan. To increase the productivity of the boiler, partitions can be mounted. They will be an obstacle to the movement of air.

The next step is to equip the chimney. To do this, a hole is made in the sheet of metal for the cover. A sleeve 200 mm high is welded to it (for installing a chimney pipe).

The lid is attached to the boiler body by welding. The chimney is installed. To increase the efficiency of the device, it is recommended to overlay it fireclay bricks. This material will gradually give off heat. Laying is best done at a distance of 15 cm from the body of the device. The air in the created space will heat up, creating additional thermal energy.

Boiler of 12-hour long burning on wood. One-time download burns 12 hours! 1st part.

pyrolysis model

The unit of this type is presented in the form of two chambers: fuel is loaded into the first, and exhaust gases and secondary air masses enter the second, ensuring long-term combustion. The device can be made from a metal barrel with a volume of 200 liters. The lid is cut off from it first, after which the side is welded to it.

For the manufacture of the piston will require a massive workpiece. Holes are cut in the cover to install the air duct. A chimney pipe is welded from the side. A damper is installed on its upper end. It will regulate the amount of incoming air masses. From the bottom of the piston, ribs are welded, which are necessary for compacting the fuel.

During the operation of such a boiler, firewood will be loaded into the furnace. The cover and piston are mounted on top. In the process of burning fuel, firewood smolders and gas is released. The temperature in the upper chamber can reach up to +900 °C. If the pyrolysis boiler is assembled correctly, it will be able to work for more than 24 hours(due to prolonged combustion).

Water heating unit

A simple water-heating boiler can be made on the basis of a home-made long-burning stove. To build it, you will need a metal barrel, a channel, a 100 mm pipe and sheet metal. The top of the barrel is cut off in a circle. A lid is made from the resulting part. A hole is made in the center 10 mm larger in diameter than the outer section of a 100 mm pipe.

A second circle is cut out of a metal sheet. Its diameter should be 3 cm less than the inner diameter of the barrel itself. At the next stage, the duct pipe is welded. Its length should exceed the height of the barrel by 20 cm. On the other hand, a channel is welded to the circle. It is needed to provide a gap between the fuel and the press.

At the top of the tank, a hole is made equal to the cross section of the chimney pipe. An elbow is welded by welding, which will connect the unit to the vertical part of the chimney. From the resulting furnace, you can easily make a boiler with a water jacket. With the help of the last element, the heating unit is included in the heating system due to its piping.




The heat exchanger or water jacket is made in several ways. Experts advise in the field of wood combustion with outside equip the barrels by welding with a metal box with two branch pipes. Inside the resulting shirt, a coolant circulates, which is heated by a hot barrel. In order not to depend on the location of the device, the harness includes circulation pump. The process of heating a house with wood can cause certain difficulties for households:

1. 1. To maintain the temperature, it is necessary to periodically throw new logs into the boiler.
2. 2. During prolonged operation, the system needs to be cleaned, as soot accumulates on the walls and inside the chimney.

A well-made wood-fired boiler has a number of advantages, including efficiency above 80%, economy, the ability to use wood with sawdust and shavings, and gradual heating of the building. Homemade heating unit does not require the arrangement of the foundation. Environmental friendliness, high safety and no need for professional maintenance are additional advantages of a do-it-yourself wood-fired boiler.

1. Why is a solid fuel boiler so good?
2. Main knots solid fuel boiler
3. Tools and materials for self-production
4. We manufacture and launch a homemade boiler
5. Features of installing a TT boiler with your own hands

Introduction

For many years, wood, coal and peat were the only available sources of fuel. That is why the use of homemade solid fuel stoves has a rich history. Recently, however, furnaces have been replaced by solid fuel boilers. Many craftsmen independently develop the design of such devices and make them at home with their own hands.

In this article, we will consider what a home-made solid fuel boiler is, what are the features of its design, what materials and tools are needed for self-production, and also what are the nuances of installation and installation.

Why is a solid fuel boiler so good?

A solid fuel boiler is one of the most popular heating appliances. They are used everywhere, not only in Russia, but throughout the world. There are several reasons for this popularity:

• solid fuels are cheaper than other fuels;
• firewood and coal are more affordable than gas or electricity;
• simplicity of boiler design;

The simplicity of the design allows you to assemble a solid fuel boiler with your own hands without any problems. This task can be done by anyone with a little bit of welding skills. It is enough to pick up the necessary tools, prepare materials, disassemble the diagrams and drawings, and you can get to work.

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The main components of a solid fuel boiler

If you are determined to assemble a boiler for your country house with our own hands, then first we will get acquainted with the scheme of its device. The classic hot water boiler is a very simple appliance. Structurally, it consists of the following main components and assemblies:

• furnace

  Structurally, it is a compartment in which fuel burns.

• ash pan

  The section directly below the firebox in which ash accumulates.

• grate (or grate)

  Most often made of cast iron, such as heating boiler on solid fuel "Beaver DLO" from Protherm, but steel ones are also found. Through the holes in the grate, the ash enters the ash pan, from where it is then removed manually.

• firebox and ash pan doors

  Serve to lock the respective chambers.

• chimney

  Pipe for removal of a smoke and gases arising in the course of burning.

• heat exchanger

  A device that transfers the energy of a burning fuel to a coolant, such as water. Structurally, it is a container. In the upper and lower parts of the heat exchanger there are branch pipes for connection to the heating system. In the process of fuel combustion, the coolant heats up, while rising to the upper part of the tank, from where it enters the heating system through the pipe. After passing a circle through the heating system, it returns to the heat exchanger through the lower pipe. Such a closed cycle provides space heating.

As you can see, the design of a solid fuel boiler is quite simple and even without special skills, it is quite possible to assemble it yourself. To do this, we need a drawing, as well as some set of tools and materials.

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Tools and materials for self-production

Before you start creating a homemade solid fuel boiler, you need to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. In the process of work we will need:

materials

For the manufacture of a domestic solid fuel heating device, the following materials will be required:

• steel sheets from 5 mm thick

  The use of thick steel sheets makes it possible to avoid burning through the walls of the boiler and achieve strength and durability of the structure.

• metal corners of different sizes

  Corners are used to form stiffeners and connect steel sheets to each other.

• firebox and ash pan doors

  Cast iron doors for a homemade boiler are best purchased in specialized stores.

• pipes of different diameters of round and rectangular section

  Steel pipes will be needed in the process of manufacturing a heat exchanger.

• grate

  The grate, as well as the doors for the firebox and ash pan, are best purchased at the store.

Tools

In order to make a solid fuel boiler yourself, you must have the following tools at hand:

• welding machine

  When making a boiler with your own hands, the lion's share of the whole process is occupied by welding. You must have welding experience or entrust this task to professionals.

• Bulgarian

  The grinder is useful for cutting steel sheets, and preparing holes in various parts of the boiler.

• devices for measuring and marking

  To properly cut necessary blanks for a future solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to measure and mark them. To carry out this stage of work, you will need a tape measure, corners, level and chalk.

• metal working tools

  We will need: pliers, hammer, grinding wheels various sizes, electric drill, etc.

Important! When working with metal and a welding machine, one must be extremely careful and observe safety precautions. All work must be carried out in gloves that protect against cuts, and when welding, use a protective screen for the eyes.

We manufacture and launch a homemade boiler

In order to start making a home-made solid fuel boiler with our own hands, we only lack its scheme. There are many design options. There is even a kind of household hot water heating boiler Kupper with hob. The figure below shows a drawing of the simplest solid fuel heating device:

As you can see, everything is quite simple and you will be able to make such a boiler yourself. As a basis, we use a gas cylinder, which is ideal for this purpose. So everything preparatory work carried out and you can proceed directly to the marking and cutting of parts, and then to the assembly of the boiler itself.

markup

With a marker right on the bottom of the propane tank body, mark a rectangular hole for installing the ash pan door. Along the perimeter of the upper part of the body, draw a cut line for the top.

We make a boiler cover

Cut off the top of the balloon along the previously marked line. We weld strips of sheet metal 3-5 mm thick along the cut line so that a groove is formed into which the top cover fits tightly. We cut off the cylinder valve, and in its place we cut a hole with a diameter of 150 mm. The lid must be equipped with handles for easy installation and removal, as well as clamps for fastening to the main part of the boiler.

Making a chimney pipe

From the end of the cylinder, in its upper part, we cut a hole for attaching the gas outlet pipe. Subsequently, a chimney will be attached to it.

Preparation of the ash chamber

Cut out a rectangular opening at the bottom of the balloon. Then, in this opening, we will mount a door that tightly closes the ash pan.

Making an air supply system

From steel sheet, 5 mm thick cut out a round disk with a hole in the middle. The diameter of the disc should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the inside of the balloon. We weld several guides from the corners to the surface of the disk.

We design a heat exchanger

There are quite a few different options for the design of the heat exchanger. What unites them is that they all represent a flow path. We will manufacture a heat exchanger based on the principle of a water jacket. Structurally, it will be a rectangular tank, inside which we will place our firebox from a propane cylinder. At the top and bottom of the heat exchanger we will make nozzles for connecting the supply and return lines.

Boiler assembly

We collect together all the parts of the firebox and place it inside the tank. In the body of the heat exchanger, it is necessary to make an opening for access to the ash pan. The tank is brewed from above and a sealed boiler is obtained with a firebox in its center.

For more information on how to make a solid fuel boiler with your own hands, see the video:

The principle of operation of such a solid fuel boiler is quite simple. The heat exchanger tank is filled with water and connected to the heating system. Through top cover the firebox is filled with wood. The bookmark from above is set on fire and an air supply device is inserted into the boiler, and then the lid is closed. Firewood burns from top to bottom, thanks to which the heating device operates on one tab for a long time. As the firewood burns out, the air supply device drops lower and lower to the ash pan. After the firewood burns out, the boiler is cleaned of ash through the lower door.

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Do-it-yourself boiler installation features

The installation of the boiler can also be done independently. To use a solid fuel heating device in a country house, no approvals from utilities are required. If you have a model that works on the principle of pyrolysis, then such devices most often require power supply for forced draft, with the exception of the Geyser long-burning pyrolysis boiler, which has natural draft. When connecting and tying, the following points must be considered:

1. Because solid fuel boilers have big weight, they must be installed on a special foundation. In no case should you mount the boiler on a wooden floor.
2. When using the device, its body heats up significantly, so it is recommended to place it at a distance of 1.5m from the nearest walls. If you have a wooden or frame house, it is recommended to protect its walls with galvanized steel sheets and asbestos.
3. The boiler chimney must also be located at least 25 cm from combustible ceilings.

When installing the boiler, the above measures must be taken into account. fire safety, since the cost of incorrect connection of the heating device can be very high.

Back to indexConclusion

In conclusion, I would like to note that despite the external simplicity of design and the apparent ease of manufacture, the independent creation of a solid fuel boiler is a rather laborious process. Before starting work, you should adequately assess your strengths and in some cases it will be easier and cheaper to buy a solid fuel boiler for industrial production.

Pros and cons of wood-burning home heating
Types of wood-fired boilers
Features of the device units on wood
Preparatory stage
Self-assembly of a wood-fired boiler
Boiler installation and commissioning
Video

Wood-fired boilers are still in demand in suburban households.

And even gasification of small settlements is not able to change this trend. If desired, you can mount a heating system with a home-made wood-fired heating boiler.

Pros and cons of wood-burning home heating

The use of solid fuel units is a common way of arranging autonomous heating of private buildings, cottages, garages, as well as industrial facilities.

It is quite possible to design a wood-burning boiler with your own hands if you understand the principles of operation of this equipment, follow the manufacturing technology and, at the same time, take into account fire safety requirements.

Wood-fired units, compared to boilers operating on other types of fuel, have the following advantages:

1. Wood used for heating is affordable and does not require high costs for energy resources.
2. Firewood is environmentally friendly pure material that does not cause allergies or other diseases.
3. The device is easy to operate.
4. The room warms up very quickly - after starting the boiler, heat begins to flow into the room immediately.
5. Wood-burning equipment is non-volatile.
6. Appliances can provide hot water at no additional cost.

   The boiler heats a liquid boiler, which acts as a water heating radiator.

The disadvantages of wood-burning units are less:

1. The metal body is subject to corrosion.
2. The equipment requires regular cleaning from the ash collected during the combustion of fuel.
3. A single load of fuel is enough for a short time.

Types of wood-fired boilers

Such units come with automatic and manual fuel loading.

The second type of equipment runs on pellets. They are placed in a special bunker, then they are fed into the furnace. The boiler is capable of operating in automatic mode extended period.

If desired, electrical equipment is connected to the device, which minimizes the participation of people in the heating process.

The devices operate in parallel, while the electric boiler maintains a certain water temperature.

Exists Alternative option- the use of a heat accumulator. It involves the operation of the heat supply system in automatic mode, in which during the day in a special container heat is accumulated, which is consumed at night.

Wood-burning units with manual loading are of three types:

1. Traditional, with a standard design having a combustion chamber at the bottom.

   Such boilers are labor-intensive maintenance.

2. Pyrolysis. Functioning this equipment based on the principle of separating firewood into gaseous and solid substances.

   Pyrolysis devices have a lot of advantages: a fairly high efficiency, not a large number of soot and ash. They work on wood, in which the moisture content does not exceed 20%.

3. long burning. In such boilers, the upper part of the firewood burns out, and the remaining fuel begins to slowly smolder. Similar devices differ high level efficiency and the ability to control power consumption.

   The device requires one-time maintenance per day.

Features of the device units on wood

A standard size or small wood-fired cauldron is made from heat-resistant materials that are resistant to high temperatures.

Its main elements:

• two chambers - combustion and ash;
• chimney structure.

The furnace and ash compartments are separated by grates, they are covered with special doors and dampers.

Preparatory stage

Do-it-yourself drawings of a wood-burning boiler help to do this work. A simple device can be assembled by hand without the use of complex mounting equipment. The essence of the technology is to transform the burning of wood into a smoldering process.

The diagram of the wood-burning boiler shows that between the inner and outer casing there is air layer. Cold air flows in from below. It is heated by the walls of the inner casing, then rises up through the hole in the outer casing.

Do-it-yourself wood-burning boiler

The heated air heats the room.

Before you make a homemade boiler, you need to prepare tools and materials, including:

1. Sheets of metal with a thickness of 4-5 millimeters, or a barrel with a volume of 200 liters, or a body from a used stove.
2. Thick-walled pipe products.
3. Metal fittings and corners.
4. Fasteners.
5. Welding equipment.
6. Electrodes.
7. Chisel and hammer.
8. Bulgarian.
9. Drill.

Self-assembly of a wood-fired boiler

To understand the process of how to make a wood-burning boiler, the instructions for assembling it will help.

You should start with the manufacture of an element designed to supply air, for which you need:

1. Take a pipe with thick walls, the length of which is equal to the height of the combustion chamber, weld a bolt to it.
2. From a sheet of metal, cut a circle having a diameter slightly larger than the cross section of the pipe.
3. Drill a hole in it for the bolt.
4. Connect the pipe and bolt together, and then tighten the nut. At the same time, the air duct must be freely covered with a sheet of metal so that it is possible to change the amount of clearance and thereby adjust the intensity of fuel combustion.

1. Using a grinder in the air pipe, make vertical cuts 1 centimeter wide through which air will penetrate into the furnace compartment.
2. Cut out a circle from a sheet of metal, having a diameter slightly smaller than the same parameter for the firebox.
3. Inside the circle, create a hole for mounting the duct.
4. Insert an air pipe into it, having previously stepped back 20-30 centimeters from its edge, and then weld it.

Then you need to make a body of a homemade wood-fired boiler:

• when using an old gas cylinder, you need to cut off its upper part;
• if sheets of metal are selected, they must be twisted in the form of a cylinder, fastened and welded on the bottom.

The chimney is performed as follows: a hole is made in the side of the cylinder and a pipe with a minimum diameter of 10 centimeters is welded to it.

Then, an air supply pipe must be inserted into the body of the unit, for which purpose a hole must be made in the bottom of the furnace. It is necessary that the blower protrude beyond the limits of the unit. The air supply pipe must be located below the location of the chimney.

At the next stage, when you make a wood-burning boiler for heating your house with your own hands, you need to make a heat-dissipating disk. To do this, a pancake with a diameter slightly smaller than the body is cut out of a sheet of metal with a thickness of 10 millimeters. Using steel wire or reinforcement, a handle is made, which is attached to the disk.

To fix the convection casing, a cylinder with a cross section larger than the firebox should be made of steel.

Then you need to connect the boiler and casing. The rest of the barrel, a gas cylinder with a homemade handle, is used as a lid.

Boiler installation and commissioning

To ensure a sufficient degree of air circulation, a home-made wood-fired heating boiler must be installed 20-30 centimeters above the floor level on a refractory foundation, steel legs welded to the base of the unit.

Connecting the device to the heating system is carried out in two stages:

1. The supply and return pipes are connected to the body using nozzles.
2. The smoke pipe cuts into the water tank.

Before connecting a standard or mini wood-burning boiler, a brick screen is erected around it, which increases the heating efficiency and provides protection from touching the red-hot metal surface at a distance of at least 30 centimeters.

The sequence of putting the unit into operation:

1. The lid and heat-dissipating disk are removed from the boiler.
2. The damper opens on the duct.
3. Firewood is placed in the furnace compartment no higher than the level of the chimney, on top of which small chips must be poured.
4. Before kindling, firewood is poured with a small amount of liquid intended for ignition.
5. The boiler is covered with a disk and closed with a lid.

When the firewood flares up, the damper is covered.

Long burning wood boilers - types and principle of operation

1. Top burning principle
2. Gas generating pyrolysis boilers
3. Pellet equipment
4. Combined boilers

An excellent alternative to heating appliances that require the presence of a person and constant monitoring are long-burning wood-fired boilers.

Many modern models such devices are able to operate autonomously for up to several days without changing fuel.

To extend the burning period of one bookmark of fuel, two methods are used:

• increase the parameters of the firebox and the capacity where firewood is stored;
• slow down the burning of fuel.

Thanks to the latest innovative technologies, it has become possible to create an economical wood-fired boiler that can work up to 10 days from one laying of firewood.

In the manufacture of long-burning heaters, two methods are used to control fuel combustion:

• top burning principle;
• pyrolysis process.

Both of these methods increase efficiency and efficiency. heating equipment, as well as the burning time of one bookmark of fuel.

What do they look like modern boilers on wood, you can see in the photo.

Upper combustion principle

A long-burning wood-burning boiler is modern equipment that allows you to save on fuel due to an increase in the duration of its smoldering. The combustion chamber is a hollow vertically located cylinder in which the burner is located. The principle of operation of such devices is that only upper layer fuel.

Gradually the fire descends. Of course, a home-made wood-fired boiler is unlikely to work from one bookmark of fuel for several days.

As a result of using modern devices:

• fuel consumption is reduced;
• there is no need to constantly monitor the operation of the equipment;
• heat transfer increases;
• You can heat rooms for any purpose.

The water circuit is located not as in standard models, on top, but around the combustion chamber.

As a result, the fuel, gradually burning down, continues to heat the coolant and heat the premises.

Long-burning boilers also have disadvantages. It:

• high cost of equipment;
• additional loading of fuel is not possible until the previous bookmark in the furnace burns out completely;
• The efficiency of space heating depends on the temperature outside.

  If it's cold outside, the fuel burns faster. In a frozen room, the boiler will also consume more firewood. Therefore, it is necessary to install equipment in a room with high-quality thermal insulation.

The best raw material for boilers is firewood. They differ affordable price, thanks to which you can save a lot on heating. Some models of boilers have a special chamber where the firewood that will be used at the next bookmark is dried.

Thus, even if the raw material is initially raw, by the time of burning it will be dry enough so that the heating efficiency does not decrease and the long-burning boilers on wood work properly. Boilers for a wood-fired bath will be an excellent choice.

Gas generating pyrolysis boilers

When burned, wood releases a lot of carbon dioxide, which under certain conditions becomes a good fuel. In the course of research, it turned out that during combustion, any solid forms such a gas.

But it is wood that makes it stand out to the maximum. Pyrolysis is the process of extracting and storing gas during the combustion of wood. wood boilers this type is called gas-generating or pyrolysis (for more details: “How to make pyrolysis boilers with your own hands”).

Wood-burning gas-fired boilers use this gas, thereby increasing the operating time and generating additional heat.

The duration of combustion of raw materials increases due to the almost complete absence of oxygen.

403 Forbidden

As a result, raw materials do not burn out in the furnace, but smolder. The gas passes into a special chamber, after which it is enriched with oxygen and burned with a special burner.

A gas-fired wood-fired boiler has the following advantages:

• ease of maintenance;
• long battery life of the equipment;
• the ability to control the combustion temperature;
• the consumption of firewood in a solid fuel boiler is noticeably reduced, but this does not affect heat transfer and performance.

Since the gas burns almost completely and minimally clogs the chimney, maintenance of heating equipment and cleaning of vents and the firebox is rarely required.

But a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler also has some disadvantages:

1. High price.

   This is due to the fact that special conditions are necessary for pyrolysis, namely: raising the temperature in the chamber to 200-800 degrees, creating an oxygen deficiency. It is precisely because of the high cost that gas-fired boilers are not very common (read: “What is the principle of operation of a pyrolysis boiler: let's figure it out”).

2. Big mass. The design of the equipment consists of two chambers: combustion and loading.

   The first burns gas, and the second burns wood. Pyrolysis devices are heavy and large. For this reason, such boilers for wood-fired baths are rarely used - they take up too much space.

3. Dependence electrical energy. To control combustion and regulate the temperature, the equipment has to be adjusted.

   The wood-fired hot water boiler has sensitive automation, due to which it turns off during power surges and ceases to operate in the absence of electricity. See also: "Which wood-fired heating boiler to choose - types, advantages, characteristics of wood-burning heating boilers."

How to make a long-burning boiler with your own hands, see the video:

Pellet equipment

Wood-fired boilers are used just as often as pellet equipment.

They have almost the same efficiency, so when choosing, you need to focus on the technical characteristics of each model. Boilers that use wood as fuel are easy to operate, but cannot also function for a long time in offline like pellets. The main disadvantage of a pellet heating boiler is the dependence on the screw system. Most often, consumers are dissatisfied with this factor. If the fuel does not flow (and this most often occurs due to clogging of the auger), then the pellet boiler stops working (see also: "Pellet boiler consumption - theory and practice").

Thus, each type of heater has its drawbacks, and the choice depends on the specific situation and the wishes of the buyer.

Boilers for a wood-fired sauna are an excellent choice: they make it possible to heat the room well without requiring a lot of fuel.

Combined boilers

Solid fuel equipment is of two types:

• only wood is used;
• other types of raw materials can also act as fuel.

Combined type heating equipment is most often used if it is not very convenient to heat the room with one type of fuel throughout the winter.

Combined heating boilers can be re-equipped and further work with wood chips, pellets, liquid fuels.

A high-quality TT long-burning boiler is modern equipment that allows you to save on traditional heating.

The raw material is usually wood, which has a low cost. And since the boilers also work without changing the fuel for several days, it is understandable why they are becoming so popular.

Despite the large number of various models of heating boilers using electricity as fuel or natural gas- wood-burning boilers for heating a private house continue to enjoy continued popularity.

This is mainly due to the availability and cheapness of wood as a fuel.

The efficiency (efficiency) of modern wood-burning heating boilers made using the latest technologies reaches 85-90%.

There are models that allow you to burn not only logs, but also peat or coal. As well as pellets and wood processing waste.

When properly installed, using a wood-burning boiler for water heating in a country house is no more difficult and no more dangerous than a conventional stove. A conditional disadvantage of a wood-fired boiler can be called the laboriousness of the furnace process.

Heating equipment requires constant attention to regularly load fuel.

But you can level this minus by purchasing a combined boiler (wood + gas, firewood + electricity, firewood + diesel), long burning or pellets for your private house. Therefore, you should buy firewood with delivery in advance.

Internal organization

In heating engineering stores you can see a considerable number of various models of wood-burning heating boilers, but there are few differences between them. Either way it has:

• fuel combustion chamber;
• heat exchanger with water as a heat carrier;
• ash pan;
• and chimney.

The heat exchanger for the removal of heated water and the supply of cooled water in the radiators is equipped with branch pipes.

The material of manufacture for the heat exchanger is steel or cast iron.

The first option is cheaper and has best performance heat exchange, but less durable (10-15 years) of the second and, moreover, more prone to corrosion processes.

Long-burning wood-burning boilers for the home: price, reviews, useful recommendations

Cast iron is durable (up to 30 years), but with sharp drops temperatures when cooling a house can easily be damaged.

Products of the latest generation to simplify the operation process are equipped with:

• additional air blowing fans;
• temperature sensors, which, when the parameters fall below the programmed ones, give a signal to the fan to increase the draft, thereby increasing the temperature in the furnace;
• pressure sensors - boiler, to prevent breakdowns and water, to monitor performance in the heat exchanger and heating system.

Structurally, the simplest wood-burning heater is similar to an ordinary potbelly stove with a water jacket inside - firewood, burning in the furnace, provides heating of water, which then enters the heating system to heat rooms.

The efficiency of such a device is low, but a lot of firewood is consumed.

More modern, long-burning boilers are structurally more complicated - due to which their efficiency increases.

Pyrolysis, they are boilers of long or slow burning

In this version of the heater, logs are loaded into a large firebox from above.

Where, with a tightly regulated, limited intake of air, they do not burn, but simply smolder with the release of combustible gases. Which, getting into the secondary combustion chamber, with a normal flow of oxygen, burning at more high temperatures parameters, give out the main volume of heat.

In addition to exclusively heating the coolant for the heating system, there are models with additional heat exchangers.

The heated water in which can be used to equip a "warm floor" or by connecting through a boiler to heat water for domestic consumption (DHW - hot water supply).

It is not recommended to “refuel” any wood-burning boiler for water heating with poorly dried or logs from coniferous trees. The former will emit excess steam during combustion, while the latter will emit tar and soot - all this will require more frequent cleaning of the boiler and chimney.

Which wood burning stove should you choose?

The data sheet specifies its power in kilowatts (kW) - this is the main parameter that any buyer should look at.

A power of 1 kW will be enough for 10 square meters living space in a well-insulated house. But of course, a lot depends on the place of residence and the quality factor of the insulation of the house.

Heating a house with a wood-burning boiler in severe frosts is best to have a small margin of power - 25-30%.

The modern model should have an emergency cooling system - a wood-fired heating boiler with a water circuit, to prevent damage internal structures in case of overheating or boiling of the coolant in the heat exchanger.

The safest option is with a separate emergency circuit. If emergency cooling of the equipment will be necessary by quickly changing the water in the heat exchanger, then you need to make sure that such a boiler is ready to withstand thermal shock.

Burn protection.

All the most heated external parts of the product (firebox and ash pan handles, protection casing) must be provided with high-quality thermal insulation in order to avoid burns if accidentally touched.

Installation site and subsequent maintenance

When heating a house with a wood-burning boiler, you should take care of arranging good exhaust ventilation.

If the selected boiler has a power of more than 50-55 kW, then it should be installed in a separate boiler room. The floor under the equipment must be solid and non-flammable (tile, concrete or porcelain stoneware). The surrounding walls must also be lined with materials that will not ignite from excessively heated walls or from an accidental spark.

There are many options for materials for arranging a chimney today. But in any case, to ensure stable traction, boilers of 16 kW with a chimney diameter of 20 cm will require a 6-meter straight vertical section, and for 32 kW - about 10 meters.

Most sellers are also ready to provide services for warranty and post-warranty support of the sold equipment.

It is only necessary to clarify the conditions for certain models. Often, the maintenance cost of a cheap wood-fired heating boiler will be more expensive than a more expensive counterpart.

We ourselves make a water heating system with wood

Simplest do-it-yourself thermal water with a tree that it is simple enough, it is suitable for small house and for a private house of more impressive dimensions. It is easy to get the material easily as this device is not difficult to install.

The simplest version of water heating

Now we will show you how to make system heating with wood by hand: the first thing you need to know is how to create an existing water circuit from the stove, and in a simple way- a boiler with water, which is heated by burning wood.

It is easier if such a structure is built from scratch. But even in the presence of a pre-cooked oven, it is possible to fully warm up by simply disassembling part of the brick oven.

How the water cycle is done:

It is made from old radiators that are easy to find.

It should be disassembled, cleaned and washed. you can wash hydrochloric acid. When the residues are cleaned, they need to be collected. When installing, use asbestos seals instead of old cardboard gaskets. Assemble it so that the outlet hose is on top and that the inlet hose is at the bottom of the structure.

The assembled circuit must be installed in the chimney in the immediate vicinity of the stove. The hot gases will heat the water and be suitable for heating the house.

The whole system is connected to conventional radiators. We must not forget to install a small expansion tank.

Check for leakage before starting the system. Particular attention should be paid to the contour assembled by their cast iron parts.

If there are no old iron batteries, it does not matter. You can make a good circuit from ordinary pipes.

Only the metal should be thick enough.

Each oven can be connected to a water circuit. Is it usually a stove or a fireplace? Sometimes they make a cauldron out of a thick metal wall and place it in the chimney, but right above the stove. It heats up faster.

A more complete water heating system on a tree

This is a pyrolysis boiler, consisting of two parts.

Boiler on a tree - autonomous heating of your home

In the lower part burnt wood burns, and in the upper part - the gas that occurs during combustion. Since the gases do not immediately enter the chimney in this design, the efficiency is higher, and the wood consumes less of this wood.

It is connected with thick walls, along which water circulates, heating up from the boiler.

It should be noted that only a dry fireplace is needed for the normal operation of such a boiler.

If a pyrolysis boiler is installed on the farm, the supply should be well-dried fuel.

There are systems that are used to heat not water, but hot air. The one who passes through the circuit is fed into the living quarters. The cooled air, after the law of physical convection falls, enters a special air supply and returns to the boiler.

Where can I get the required material?

Old iron castings can be found in the dismantling of old houses.

You can visit collection points for scrap metal. At such points, you can find not only radiators, but also decomposed boilers that can be used.

Advantages of do-it-yourself water heating systems for wood:

The advantages of this type of heating are obvious, since it is enough to completely heat the water on the tree with your own hands. fuel is readily available and consumables are inexpensive.

You only need welding skills, carefully study and understand the programs and follow the instructions.

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Long-burning wood-burning boiler: selection rules

1.Features of wood-fired boilers
2. Characteristics of wood boilers
3. The principle of operation of wood-burning boilers for long burning
4. Choosing a long-burning boiler

The cost of heating is rising all the time, so it is not surprising that many owners of private houses are trying to find a more economical option.

One of the popular heating appliances is a long-burning wood-burning boiler. To heat rooms with it, you only need wood, and since this resource is inexpensive, you can save a lot on heating.

The gas and wood boiler is very simple and easy to use.

The only serious drawback is the need to fill it with new fuel every few hours.

But the new long-burning wood-burning boilers for home heating have a special design, thanks to which one portion of firewood is enough for as much as 12-14 hours (read also: "Heating without gas and wood - we choose an economical alternative").

Such devices can be placed in a building, in a boiler room or in a separate annex. The operation of the heater must be controlled, so it is not possible to heat the room in the absence of a person who can monitor the boiler.

Features of wood-fired boilers

Boilers for long-burning wood differ in design, the material from which they are made, and the parameters of the combustion chamber.

For the manufacture of the heat exchanger of these devices, steel or cast iron is most often used. Each of these materials has advantages and disadvantages. For example, a cast-iron heat exchanger works stably and cools down for a long time, but with regular sudden temperature changes, it can begin to break down.

Economical wood burning boiler

Steel heat exchangers are more resistant to temperature extremes, but are subject to corrosion and last only 10-15 years.

Operational features of wood-burning boilers:

• heating of the coolant occurs unevenly;
• carbon monoxide emitted during the operation of the device does not enter the chimney, but is a raw material for the production of combustible gas, which ensures environmental safety;
• the process of fuel combustion can be controlled by air supply;
• during the combustion of wood material, a large amount of ash and soot is formed;
• for the boiler to work, the room must have a chimney;
• it is necessary to monitor the dryness of wood, because if it is wet, its energy qualities deteriorate;
• the long-burning boiler and fuel should be located away from various surfaces and appliances, so there should be enough free space in the room.

Long burning wood boilers have the following advantages:

• high efficiency, the ability to control the temperature of water supply;
• can be heated various premises and buildings;
• the possibility of using and combining different types of fuel (read also: "Long-burning wood stoves: we do it together");
• there is no need to connect to communications, since the heater works autonomously;
• low cost of fuel (wood).

Characteristics of wood boilers

Solid fuel wood heating boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit.

The second type of boilers has a special principle of operation: one circuit is used for heating, and the second provides it with hot water.

Different models of devices have different technical characteristics, but the average indicators are as follows:

• power about 100 kW;
• at the entrance to the boiler, the coolant temperature is at least 50 degrees;
• when leaving the boiler, the water temperature is 80 degrees;
• working pressure - 1 atmosphere;
• the mass of the boiler is a maximum of 400 kilograms;
• wood, peat, coal can be used as fuel (read: “Modern long-burning coal-fired boilers for heating”);
• the maximum length of firewood is 40 centimeters;
• The efficiency is at least 89%, this figure varies depending on the type and moisture content of the fuel;
• the duration of work as a result of one load of firewood is approximately 12 hours.

Wood boilers are characterized by an increased level of safety, since they are properly protected from overheating.

They can be installed in any premises, including those where it is not possible to use a gas or electric heater. In addition, these devices do not harm the environment and save on heating at home.

The principle of operation of long-burning wood-burning boilers

The operation of the device begins with the smoldering of fuel (wood, peat, coal) in the furnace.

Since the oxygen supply is minimal, the smoldering time is significantly increased, due to which the fuel lasts for about 12 hours. One bookmark is enough for 80% longer than in a conventional boiler, which allows you to save wood. In addition, this makes it possible to reduce the time required to control the operation of the device.

A wood-burning boiler is suitable for a summer residence, a private house, industrial premises- heating will be of high quality, and at the same time, a lot of money will not be required for fuel. See also: "How a long-burning boiler works - the principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler, types, advantages."

Since smoldering takes a long time, a gas with a high calorific value is formed in the bunker.

It, having entered the combustion chamber through a refractory nozzle, ignites under the influence of oxygen. During the operation of the boiler, a lot of heavy and dangerous compounds, including soot. Thus, toxic substances do not enter the chimney and do not pollute the environment, but burn, giving off heat. Only non-flammable, non-toxic smoke enters the chimney.

In the boiler, the fuel is processed according to the principle of upper combustion, in other words, the upper layer begins to burn through first.

Gradually, the flame descends, thereby slowing down the smoldering process, but increasing the generation of heat. The duration of operation after one load of fuel varies depending on the model of the boiler.

In the case of maintaining a constant temperature, most devices can work for 1-2 days. But there are also models that can function without adding fuel for up to 3 days.

The connection diagram for a wood-burning boiler is shown in the photo. See also: "We connect a long-burning boiler with our own hands."

Types and characteristics of long-burning boilers, detailed video:

Choosing a long-burning boiler

When choosing any heating device, there are many factors to consider.

First of all, this concerns power, so it is necessary to calculate in advance what indicator the boiler should have in order to effectively heat a room of a specific area.

The efficiency of the device is also of great importance.

Then you need to decide on the material from which the boiler should be made. Most often choose steel and cast iron appliances. The weight, the principle of heating and the power of the device depend on the material. See also: "How a wood-burning boiler works for heating a private house - the principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages, installation."

Before buying an appliance, you need to make sure that there is enough free space in order to position it and store fuel supplies. The installation of a wood-fired boiler differs depending on the design and manufacturer. After choosing a device, you should carefully examine it so that if there are defects, you can identify them immediately, and not during operation. See also: "What are wood-burning heating boilers - features, advantages."

In order for the boiler to serve for a long time and work efficiently, all operating recommendations must be followed. In addition, only dry fuel should be used, since moisture not only reduces the amount of heat generated, but also reduces the life of the heater.

A homemade wood-burning boiler is perfect for heating a garage, greenhouse, bathhouse and, of course, living quarters. For greater convenience, the boiler design should be equipped with a tank for heating water. There is nothing super complicated in the self-assembly of the unit in question. However, the performer must have at least minimal welding skills.

Decide on a suitable type of boiler, create or find a drawing in an open source suitable unit, buy the necessary supplies and get to work.

Start by planning the boiler. The best option- a two-chamber unit capable of simultaneously heating the serviced premises and heating water for the needs of the owner. Firewood is placed in one chamber of such a boiler, and water is heated in the other. The water chamber is usually placed on top. The heating of the liquid in most cases is provided by the heat of the chimney passing through the tank.

More perfect and economical profitable option wood boiler is a unit operating using the principles of pyrolysis fuel combustion. In such a boiler, an artificial air deficit is created. As a result, the fuel does not burn, but slowly smolders with the release of pyrolysis gases. The latter provide additional heating and contribute to a significant increase in the efficiency of the heating unit.

The presented manual will offer assembly instructions for both an ordinary and a pyrolysis boiler. You just have to choose the appropriate option and assemble the unit.

Before starting the assembly, perform a series of simple calculations regarding the optimal dimensions and power of the boiler, the dimensions of the heat exchanger, the volume of the tank for heating water and other significant parameters.

In general, the assembly of most of the existing varieties of wood-burning heating units is carried out in the same sequence. To increase the efficiency of the boiler, you can change its main characteristics at your discretion. For example, an increase in the volume of the heat exchanger jacket will slightly increase the thermal efficiency of the equipment.

Select best option designs, make (order, find) drawings and get to work. Start by preparing all the necessary fixtures.

Work set

1. Sheet metal. To assemble the body and internal elements of the boiler, use metal with a thickness of 4-5 mm. Instead of sheet metal, you can use a 200 l barrel or even the body of an old stove suitable sizes. It is most convenient to work with a barrel.

   

   





2. Heating radiators.
3. Fasteners.
4. Doors. It is better if the doors are equipped with latches.
5. dampers.

   

6. Metal rod with a diameter of 2 cm.

For the assembly of the boiler, only high-quality source materials no signs of corrosion or other damage. The recommended thickness of the metal is due to the requirements for the resistance of the material to high temperatures.

The pump will provide a faster and more stable flow of heated water to heating batteries which will improve the efficiency of the system. In addition to the pump, buy a simple automatic control unit.

Boiler Assembly Manual

As noted, the manual provides instructions for assembling an ordinary wood-burning boiler and a pyrolysis heating unit. There are practically no differences between the two mentioned designs in terms of manufacturing complexity. But the pyrolysis boiler is much more efficient than its standard counterpart. Otherwise, be guided by your own requests and needs.

First step

Prepare the material for the manufacture of the boiler. The most convenient option is a two-hundred-liter barrel with thick walls. Instead of a barrel, sheet steel can be used. Also, for the manufacture of the case, a piece of thick-walled metal pipe with a diameter of about 800 mm and a length of about 1 m.

It is strongly not recommended to make the boiler body from stainless steel. Compared to ordinary steel, stainless material has a much lower thermal conductivity. As a result, more fuel will be consumed for space heating.

Second step

Prepare the blank for making the bottom of the boiler. The bottom will be steel. The recommended thickness is from 5 cm.

Third step

Prepare the supports for the boiler. They can be made from reinforcing bars with a diameter of 1.4 cm. The optimal length of each support is 30 mm.

Fourth step

Prepare the material for the manufacture of the grate. It can be made from a thick (at least 5 cm) metal circle. Make slits in the circle. Through these holes, air will be supplied to the fuel loaded into the boiler. Ash will also escape through these slots.

Fifth step

prepare another one round billet from metal.

Prepare a metal sheet for assembling a box with an internal partition. Additionally, prepare a sheet of metal for making a water tank. You can also purchase a ready-made water tank. At this point, do what feels right for you.

When all the blanks are ready, proceed directly to the assembly of the boiler.

sixth step

Weld several identical pieces of reinforcing bars inside the body. These elements will be the supports. Fix the reinforcement in a horizontal position at three parallel levels.

On the lower level, you will place the bottom of the wood burning boiler. The second level should be placed above the blower door. Place the third level approximately 20-22 cm lower from the upper edge of the heating unit housing.

seventh step

Make a box. You will place it inside the case. Divide the case into two horizontal compartments. In the upper compartment you will load wood for the firebox. Ash will collect in the lower compartment.

Insert the box through a pre-created hole in the side wall of the case and fix it by welding. Such a box is convenient in that you can heat the unit from another room. This solution is especially relevant for baths and other similar premises.

eighth step

Make a blower. There are two options: you can cut a hole and install a door on it. Also, the blower can be made in the form of a drawer, this will eliminate the need to install a door.

With a box it will be much more convenient to clean the boiler from ash.

Ninth step

Weld the bottom closer to the bottom of the unit body, and the grate above it. Fasten the grate so that its installation level coincides with the placement internal partition in a box.

tenth step

Cut a hole in the boiler lid for the installation of a flue pipe. Then weld the cover and install the chimney.

Eleventh step

Attach a hot water tank above the boiler. Attach the container to the wall surface, about 25-35 cm above the boiler itself. Place the tank so that the flue pipe passes through it. Its heat will provide heating of the liquid.

Video - How to make a do-it-yourself long-burning boiler

Long burning wood burning boiler

This instruction will allow you to assemble a long-burning wood-burning boiler yourself. The main goal is to assemble the installation so that the fuel in it smolders, and does not quickly burn out.

First step

Prepare the body. The most convenient to use metal barrel. Cut off the top of the barrel. In the future, you will place a cover with a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm on top. Air will enter the boiler through the pipe. Install a damper on the pipe.

Second step

Attach the inclined flue pipe to the boiler body. The optimal diameter is 150 mm, the length is from 400 cm, the attachment point is on the side of the case, closer to the top of the unit.

Boiler with double walls, between which the coolant will circulate

Third step

Cut a hole from the bottom of the body to clean the boiler from the combustion products of firewood.

Fourth step

Prepare a special cargo. It will provide more efficient and prolonged combustion of fuel. This load is made in the form of a metal disk and is equipped with blades. Cut a hole with a diameter of 20 mm in the load to allow air to enter.

This boiler is ready. Using it is extremely simple: you load firewood, lay a metal load (disk) on top, install a lid with a blower pipe and kindle the fuel.

For greater stability, equip the boiler metal legs from rebar scraps.

Installation and connection of the boiler

Proceed with the installation of a wood-burning boiler and its connection. The work is carried out in two stages:

• you cut pipes heating system(supply and return) straight into the boiler body, using special nozzles for this;
• you cut the flue pipe into the water tank.

To increase the safety of the boiler, build a brick screen around it. The wall will protect against accidental contact with hot metal and further increase the heating efficiency - brick is a good heat accumulator.

A wall about 1 m high will suffice. You can lay bricks on edge. Select the dimensions of the fence in accordance with the dimensions of the boiler. Leave a gap of 20-30 cm between the heating unit and the protective screen.

Check boiler. Check the quality of the assembly and the absence of malfunctions in the operation of the equipment. The fuel starts to flare up quite quickly. Usually the first results become noticeable after 20-40 minutes. To regulate the draft and intensity of combustion of the load, use the door (flap) of the blower.

Now you can solve the problems of heating your home on their own. Follow the instructions and everything will definitely work out.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself wood-burning boiler

From all heating technology, which is used today in everyday life, solid fuel boilers have been known for the longest time. Due to the simplicity of design and principle of operation, the availability of fuel, units of this type are widely used. Today, for many residents of private houses in rural areas, this technique has become a kind of "lifesaver". The ever-increasing price of domestic gas, the difficulties in obtaining permits for the installation of a gas autonomous heater contribute to the fact that today a solid fuel boiler, at least, has not lost its demand among the population living near forests - a source of firewood.

Solid fuel heating boilers: on the left - mounted and operating, on the right - without connection to the circuit, at the installation stage.

Today, there are two options to solve the problem of autonomous heating on solid fuel: buy a finished factory product or make a solid fuel boiler with your own hands. The cost of a modern high-tech heating unit is quite high, but the price range is wide - from 3 to several tens of thousands of rubles, which makes the device affordable to a wide range of consumers.

With a certain technical training, a solid fuel boiler can be assembled independently, using the recommendations for the manufacture of models of these devices, the most popular for do-it-yourself mounting.

Solid fuel boiler concept

A self-made autonomous solid fuel boiler is, by and large, an ordinary stove installed in a barrel of water. The main task of such a device is to heat boiler water, which will be supplied to home heating radiators, using heat from the combustion of firewood or coal.

But such a device, tempting to self-manufacture due to primitiveness, will not be effective in terms of heating and not cost-effective due to high fuel consumption - the simplest boiler designs have an efficiency of only 10-15%.

Primitive solid fuel water boiler with economizer chimney

Important! The operation of a solid fuel boiler depends on the quality of the draft and, accordingly, the supply ventilation. Even a well-manufactured boiler will not be able to provide efficient space heating if the ventilation is not properly arranged.

Home-made boilers are assembled not only from metal, but also assembled from brick. Brick devices are usually built in country houses, where higher requirements are imposed on the aesthetics of the installed equipment than in utility or technical premises.

Metal boilers are the simplest devices, the manufacture of which allows the use of improvised materials and is possible with the help of available tools. But it does not follow from this that their production and installation can be performed without, at a minimum, sketches of blanks and assemblies, as well as a well-developed technology - a sequence, methods for performing individual stages of preparatory and basic work.

Choosing the design of the heating boiler

Furnaces for heating and solid fuel boilers, with similar combustion processes, differ in functionality. A heating boiler, unlike a stove, must not only heat the room at the installation site by burning wood or coal, but also supply the heating circuit with heated coolant. But to perform the second task, it is not enough to place a heat exchanger (a section of the heating circuit) in the furnace - it is also necessary to ensure the continuity of fuel combustion and uniform circulation of the coolant through this coil.

Pipe heat exchanger of a solid fuel boiler made of refractory bricks

What design of the boiler to choose to make it easier to make it yourself, what difficulties will you encounter in the process of work? These questions can be answered at the design stage. Drawings of home-made solid fuel boilers give a sufficient idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat this or that design looks like, and what you should pay attention to during the manufacturing process.

An example of a schematic representation of a solid fuel boiler from the outside: front, side and rear views.

Each type of solid fuel boiler equipment has its own design features and manufacturing nuances. When planning an independent assembly of the heating unit, it is necessary to decide which design to give preference to - with the lower or upper (mine) method of combustion.

Units with lower combustion- this is equipment in which the door for loading firewood is located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, but the combustion of fuel occurs from below, as a result of which the upper layers of the bookmark move down under their own weight, and the afterburning of smoke occurs in the upper part. Depending on the model, the movement of air through the furnace occurs from the bottom up forcibly (fan) or naturally (draught), which leads to independence from the mains, but reduced efficiency and a smaller amount of fuel loaded.

Schematic sectional view of a solid fuel boiler with lower fuel combustion

In solid fuel boilers of a mine structure, firewood is loaded through a door, which is located in the upper part of the combustion chamber. Such units are equipped with forced draft, which is directed from top to bottom - it drives smoke to the lower part of the furnace, where it burns mixed with air, and along the way it heats up and additionally dries the fuel of the lower tiers.

Scheme of operation of a solid fuel heating boiler with an upper combustion method

A unit with a lower combustion method is more suitable for self-production, so when assembling it, you can do without a fan for forced draft.

Solid fuel steel boiler of lower combustion without finishing

Important! How harder design equipment, the higher technological requirements to the quality of performance of its components, which should not have deviations from the design parameters. The assembly process of such a unit is no less responsible.

According to the method of combustion, solid fuel boilers can be designed for normal operation or operate with pyrolysis - the process of decomposition of solid fuel into two components and their subsequent separate combustion. Giving preference to the second, more complex, option, it will be necessary to take into account the need to install a second combustion chamber, which will increase the dimensions of the heater and, accordingly, require more materials.

The choice of the type of heating equipment is largely determined by the type of solid fuel that will be supplied to the heating device. If you have a large amount of firewood on hand, it would be better if the boiler you made is designed for firewood. With greater availability of hard coal, another model will do. The duration of burning bookmarks, the quality of heating are determined by the type of solid fuel boiler, its power and design.

On a note: the combustion temperature of coal is much higher than that of firewood, therefore, the heat exchanger and the boiler body for coal are made of thicker steel. An alternative would be to build the body and combustion chamber of the boiler from refractory bricks.

If it is not possible to create the outer casing of the unit from steel of the required thickness, rational decision will become a brick solid fuel boiler. Refractory brick lining will create a spacious, comfortable and high temperature resistant combustion chamber.

Construction of a combustion chamber from refractory bricks with placement inside the heat exchanger

The choice of a boiler with a design of acceptable complexity must be made after analyzing the technical performance and an objective assessment of one's competence and capabilities. If there is any doubt, in order to exclude the possibility of unjustified damage to the material, it is better to give preference to the unit of a simple design that is clear from the drawings - even such a solid fuel boiler is able to provide the house with heat in the cold season.

Basic requirements for the design of a homemade heater

In its classic form, the heating unit, from which home heating will work, consists of the following elements:

• combustion chamber (bunker) for burning firewood, coal, fuel briquettes;
• grates through which air mass is supplied to the combustion chamber;
• tubular heat exchanger or storage tank for boiler water;
• chimney for bringing out the products of combustion of fuel;

An important requirement that will have to be taken into account at the design stage of the boiler is the dimensions of the combustion chamber. The furnace of an autonomous solid fuel boiler should be spacious and roomy. The design of the combustion chamber is calculated in such a way that the fuel placed in it burns completely without additional mixing. Brick boilers are preferable in this regard, since brick has a lower thermal conductivity, which provides a higher combustion temperature in a ceramic furnace than in a metal unit.

The combustion chamber should be designed in such a way as to maximize the concentration of thermal energy on heating the heat exchanger.

Solid fuel boiler steel firebox

Next, no less important aspect when designing heating equipment, is the heat exchanger of a solid fuel boiler. The efficiency of boiler equipment depends on the design of this element, the quality of the material and the performance. The name of the heat exchanger is determined by the material of its manufacture - cast iron or steel. The heat exchange coils of these units - tubular structures with a vertical or horizontal arrangement of pipes in everyday life are often called water jackets.

We will not consider cast-iron heat exchangers, since this is a cast structure, the manufacture of which is impossible at home. However, you can use ready-made cast iron assemblies, removed from old units, dismantled for some reason. Such a replacement is common when a solid fuel boiler is being upgraded or repaired.

For the manufacture of a steel heat exchanger, thick-walled pipes are used. The desired configuration of the pipe is made flexible under heating or using bends or half-bends of the appropriate diameter, connected to the fragments of the coil by electric welding.

The installation diagram for a coil for a traditional solid fuel unit will give a complete picture of how the heat exchanger should look like and in what position it is better to install it.

Sketch of one of the options for the location of the tube heat exchanger in the housing: side views

Step-by-step production of a solid fuel boiler. Subtleties and nuances

You will not be able to make the most economical home-made solid fuel boiler, but you can create a heating apparatus that is quite suitable for heating and hot water supply. The fact is that the assembly of industrial products is carried out on a high-precision industrial equipment from specially selected materials in compliance with technological parameters. Accurate thermal calculations are the basis of each factory model of the boiler. The possibilities of working at home are incommensurably more modest than production ones, therefore, when choosing a model to be manufactured, one must proceed from existing realities, including one's personal potential as an installer.

Tools and materials

Having a drawing and specification of the heating unit, you can decide on the list necessary tool. Whether you want to make a large boiler or plan to assemble a small solid fuel heater with your own hands, the list of accessories will be approximately the same.

Tool kit for self-manufacturing of a solid fuel heating unit

Required to work next tool and fixtures:

• welding machine;
• small grinder with cutting and grinding discs (safety glasses);
• electric drill with drills for metal;
• gas keys No. 1,2;
• a hammer;
• a set of open-end or box wrenches and screwdrivers;
• pliers;
• 90 degree angle.

The main material in the manufacture is steel, the thickness of which for the boiler must be at least 5 mm, for the grate - from 7 mm.

In addition, you will need:

• steel corner 50x50 - for the boiler frame;
• sheet stainless steel - if there is a storage tank in the design;
• steel thick-walled pipes with a diameter of 32-50 mm - for the manufacture of a coil heat exchanger.

A complete list of materials and their consumption is compiled in advance on the basis of technical drawings.

Housing and heat exchanger manufacturing

The boiler body, which often plays the role of a combustion chamber, is the basis of the entire structure. To reduce wall deformations under the influence of high temperature, the enclosing structures of the furnace are made in two layers with backfilling between the layers of dry sifted sand, which plays the role of a geometry fixer. The outer and inner shells of the furnace are made of frame, which also increases the rigidity of the structure. In addition, to increase the strength of the walls of the combustion chamber, it is possible to sheathe the outside steel corner or a profile in the form of stiffeners.

Manufacture of a body of a solid fuel boiler by welding blanks from sheet steel

According to the drawing, two openings are cut out on the front wall with a grinder or a gas cutter - for the bunker door and the ash pan.

Advice! Before cutting sheet steel, it is necessary to mark future openings with small diameter holes (3-4 mm) at the corners of the holes - this will allow cutting with greater accuracy.

After cutting blanks from sheet steel and a profile for the body, you can begin to create a heat exchanger. We use cut water pipes, which are connected by welding into a single sealed circuit. The main task is to create a hermetic flow fragment of maximum length to increase the heating area of ​​the pipe.

How to make a heat exchanger, correctly position the pipes and perform welding, tells the video brought to your attention.

Assembly

When all structural elements are ready, assembly is started, which is best done at the installation site of the unit - sometimes the dimensions and weight of the finished device do not allow it to be moved from the assembly site to the final location.

Most often, the boiler is installed on a specially constructed concrete foundation with the unit fastened by welding to embedded parts - anchors. Installation begins with the installation of the frame, after which it is equipped with components and sheathing sheets. All welded joints are made with chamfering and processing of welds - slag removal and grinding.

On a note: After assembling the body, a thorough visual check of its tightness is carried out, as a result of which additional welding of the seams is carried out.

Grids (steel grating) and a heat exchanger are installed in the finished housing, which is connected to the heating circuit by welding.

The body of a solid fuel boiler at the stage of installation of external stiffeners

Important! It is better to entrust the manufacture of a storage tank from stainless steel with its insertion into the circuit, since working with this material requires special equipment and practical skills.

Upon completion of the assembly, the boiler is painted for corrosion protection with two layers of heat-resistant paint with preliminary preparation surfaces.

Heat-resistant paint Ecoterra for coating surfaces exposed to high temperatures

A self-made heating boiler is distinguished by its durability and ease of maintenance, which consists in periodic cleaning of the furnace ash and maintenance of the chimney.

Conclusion

After the assembly is completed and the unit is equipped with all the necessary elements, it is pressure tested with water under pressure, as a result of which defects are eliminated, and then the complex commissioning. Do not neglect the installation of a draft regulator, which will facilitate the operation of a solid fuel boiler in various weather conditions.

Homemade heating boiler

In addition to the purchase of heating boilers, presented on the market by well-known and not very world or domestic producers, there is always the possibility to make a heating boiler with my own hands. And save at the same time on a whole list of options, without which your heating system may well do. All that is needed for this is knowledge of the device and the principle of operation of the type of boiler you have chosen, materials, tools and equipment, as well as practical skills in working with them.

The main types of heating boilers

If desired, you can build almost any type of heating boiler. The main thing is to make the right choice, and for this you need to know the main advantages and disadvantages of the most popular types of heating equipment. And so, heating boilers are:

1. Gas

It is not recommended to engage in the manufacture of boilers of this type on your own: technical requirements are imposed on gas equipment that you are unlikely to be able to satisfy in artisanal conditions.

1. Electrical

The rather high popularity of this category of heating boilers is due to the simplicity of design and relatively low safety requirements during installation and operation.

The design of such a boiler is not very complex. However, the cost and subtleties of setting up the nozzles that supply fuel to the combustion chamber will make anyone think at least twice before starting to create a heating unit that runs on fuel oil or diesel.

1. Solid fuel

Representatives of this type are optimally suited for heating both private houses and various commercial or industrial facilities. High efficiency and versatility in use provide solid fuel boilers with the highest demand on the market.

According to the principle of operation, solid fuel boilers differ in wood, pyrolysis, long-burning and pellet boilers. The most popular option for self-manufacturing is long-burning boilers, while pyrolysis and pellet boilers are used much less frequently due to the high cost of individual components.

What does the design depend on?

Several conditions affect the design of the heating boiler:

• cost and availability of materials;
• Type of fuel;
• coolant circulation method.

Heat-resistant stainless steel demonstrates the greatest durability. However, it is she who has the most high price, and its processing is quite challenging task which cannot be handled without special equipment. The same applies to cast iron, which, however, is much cheaper than stainless steel. Traditionally, for the manufacture of heating boilers, sheet steel with a thickness of 4 mm or more is used - this option is relatively easy to process and, most importantly, is quite reliable and durable.

To provide natural circulation coolant, it is necessary to use heating circuits and connecting fittings large diameter, a storage capacity place at a height. If this is not possible, you will have to use a circulation pump - it will allow you to reduce the diameter of the pipes. However, the pumping system of the heating boiler is volatile, which must be taken into account when choosing the design and functionality of the unit.

The pipes that your boiler will be equipped with must have a diameter of at least 32 mm - a thick-walled steel pipe is suitable for their manufacture. The heating circuit should be made of galvanized steel, not forgetting the sealing of the threaded connections.

Design features of solid fuel heating boilers

The cheapest option for self-production is a wood-burning boiler. Structurally, such a unit consists of two containers placed one inside the other. The inner one performs the function of a furnace, the outer one - a heating tank. The design of a wood-burning boiler is really simple, and it can work not only with firewood, but also with other types of solid fuels.

The design of the wood boiler includes:

• steel firebox (with a door);
• ash pan (with a door);
• furnace grates;
• soot collector;
• chimney;
• gate valve;
• inlet and outlet pipes;
• legs;
• cast iron cover.

A big minus of a wood-burning boiler is low efficiency, that is, a huge consumption of firewood or a constant lack of heat in the house.

Pyrolysis boilers are more expensive to manufacture: they have two combustion chambers - for fuel and for pyrolysis gas, and some of their components themselves are very expensive. Nevertheless, such equipment is in great demand due to its cost-effectiveness - it fully pays off within just 3-4 seasons.

The classic scheme of the pyrolysis boiler includes:

• combustion chamber with nozzle;
• gasification chamber;
• air supply system;
• chimney system;
• loading chamber;
• water heat exchanger;
• coolant circulation system;
• temperature and pressure sensors;
• control valve.

Pellet boilers were invented at the end of the 20th century. They operate on pressed sawdust, and their main principle of operation is to transfer heat from the gas released during the combustion of the latter, which heats the coolant in the heat exchanger.

The design of the pellet boiler includes:

• frame;
• combustion chamber with air window and a cleaning door;
• heat exchanger with water circuit;
• smoke extractor;
• thermal insulation pad;
• automatic control and management.

In pellet boilers, it is best to use cast iron heat exchangers: they have a higher heat transfer rate and are not subject to corrosion.

How to make an electric boiler?

The main element of an electric heating unit is a thermoelectric heater (TEN) - it is necessary to convert electricity into heat. The body of the electric boiler can be made of any material, and the components necessary for its operation - regulators, sensors, etc. - can be bought at any specialized store.

The principle of operation of an electric heating boiler

The coolant in the system can circulate both naturally, for which it is necessary to provide for a height difference between the radiators and the boiler tank, and forced with the help of a pump. The simplest option for an electric boiler is to install a heating element directly into the heating system. If this design is not suitable, you can design an electric boiler with a removable pipe - this will make it possible to quickly get to the heating element if repair or replacement is necessary.

The optimal solution for heating, say, a small cottage is a separately located small electric boiler. The pipe of such a boiler will have a diameter of about 220 mm, and the body length will be no more than half a meter, which allows you to install it almost anywhere, of course, taking into account safety rules.

The body of the electric boiler must be sealed. It is equipped with a hole for the heated coolant to enter the heating system, as well as a branch pipe for the return of cooled water.

Alternative options for do-it-yourself production

In addition to solid fuel and electric boilers, a number of alternative heating units are suitable for self-production:

1. Induction boilers

They are transformers consisting of primary and secondary windings. In such a boiler, the electric energy on the external winding is converted into an eddy current, and the created magnetic field is transferred to the internal one, which gives off energy to the coolant.

1. Condensing boilers

They store the thermal energy of condensate, therefore they are considered more efficient than gas and even solid fuel. Steam condensation occurs in a heat exchanger with a special design - it is this boiler that provides such boilers with a 15-20% efficiency advantage over traditional gas equipment.

1. Oil boilers

Such units evaporate mining, and then burn its vapors. The energy obtained in this way is transferred to a heat exchanger, which heats the heating agent of the heating system. Equipment of this type has two significant drawbacks - low efficiency and a large amount of emissions into the atmosphere.

1. Combined boilers

This equipment is universal in use, however, for its independent production, you will need remarkable skill and excellent knowledge of the principles of operation of various types of heating equipment. Individual components of such units can be quite expensive, but in general, combined boilers can pay off in no more than 5-6 seasons.

When manufacturing a boiler of any type, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of safety rules and the standards applicable to the category of heating equipment you have chosen.

Making a solid fuel boiler for long burning with your own hands, video