Every person dreams of country house where he could spend his vacation and take a break from the bustle of the city. And so that the rest goes as it should, country cottage area should be well maintained. Therefore, it is very important to know how to make a check-in to the site through a ditch with your own hands. There are many ways to create a race, each of which will be discussed below.
In order for the race to turn out to be reliable, high-quality and durable, before starting its construction, you should think through all the nuances in advance. In doing so, you should pay attention to the following factors:
- If the house on the land has not yet been built, then its location should be carefully considered.
- If the building is not located at the very border of the site, then the entrance to the site through a ditch (in St. Petersburg, for example) can be built in any convenient location, because it will not affect the convenience of its operation. If the house is built on either side land plot, then the check-in should be erected in the opposite direction.
- Check-in width. To make it convenient and safe to move through it, it must be at least six meters. In this case, the width of the pipe should also be taken into account. Its edges should protrude 1-2 meters beyond the race. If this rule is not provided, then the pipe will constantly clog, and its cleaning will be very problematic.
There are some other nuances, but they are secondary, so they can be ignored when building a race.
Do-it-yourself phased construction of a check-in through a ditch
Check-in must be comfortable and secure, so it is very important to adhere to the general building regulations. After all, you see, it will be very unpleasant to fall into a ditch in a car while crossing it. To make a reliable check-in to the site through a ditch, it is necessary to strictly follow a certain sequence of work, which is carried out in stages.
Stage 1: building a pillow
The first step is to pour a pillow that will provide water drainage and create reliable stability. To do this, clean the ditch well, and then lay a concrete pipe 2.5 meters long and 0.5 m in diameter on its bottom. A plastic corrugated pipe with a diameter of 460 mm is placed inside and six meters long. A pillow of crushed stone is poured on top of the pipes. Such a device for entering the site through a ditch is not only reliable and durable, but will also prevent debris from clogging the ditch.
Stage 2: installation of supports
To prevent water from eroding the embankment, it is necessary to erect two retaining walls, one on each side of the ditch. To do this, sand or a granite plumb line is first poured, after which it is mounted metal fittings which is filled with concrete. In this case, it is very important to choose the right day for pouring concrete. The air temperature should be at least 5 degrees, and there should not be any precipitation. After pouring the concrete, it must be allowed to stand for about six days so that the mortar is completely dry and strong.
Stage 3: completion of work
After the concrete has hardened, the ditch is covered with rubble on both sides. So that the water does not wash out the sand, the entrance to the site through the ditch is covered with geotextiles from above. On this, all construction work is considered completed, but it is not recommended to immediately start operating the race, since it needs at least three days to shrink.
Issue price
Check-in at a summer cottage through a ditch, the construction process of which is described above, is very strong and durable, but how much will its construction cost? If you do all the work yourself, without involving specialists, then for the purchase of all necessary materials it will take about 20,000 rubles. At the same time, you can save a lot of money if you build a check-in together with your neighbors. It is not recommended to reduce the cost of the structure by purchasing cheaper and low-quality materials, since they have little durability, and such a structure will last for a relatively short time.
Despite the fact that 20 thousand rubles seems like a rather large amount, it is nevertheless much cheaper than ordering a turnkey drive to the site through a ditch at companies specializing in such installation. Such a race will cost you at least 30,000 rubles, which is much more expensive.
Check-in to a plot of sleepers
Railway sleepers have a special impregnation that gives the wood excellent resistance to negative factors. environment and excellent durability. Thanks to this, the sleepers received wide application in construction for the construction of various structures. This also applies to the arrival at the summer cottage, which will turn out to be very reliable and will last for quite some time.
Another plus in favor of using sleepers is the cheapness of this material. Checking into the site through a ditch from the sleepers will cost much less than the option considered earlier. However, one should take into account the fact that sleepers have some disadvantages. Firstly, the resin with which the tree is impregnated has a very sharp, strong and bad smell, and secondly, sleepers are not among the most durable types of materials, so use them for travel trucks it is impossible, because they may not support the weight of the vehicle and break through or move apart.
Reinforced concrete structures
The entrance to the site through the ditch can also be equipped with reinforced concrete slabs. However, this method is only suitable if the soil in the area has a high hardness. Otherwise, over time, the whole structure will sag very much and it will be impossible to drive through it normally. With a sufficiently solid base reinforced concrete structures able to withstand even freight transport.
However, if reinforced concrete slabs are used, it is worth considering the fact that, despite their high strength and durability, they also have certain disadvantages, among which are:
- for transportation and installation of the structure on site, special equipment is required;
- very high material cost;
- the need to perform a special analysis of soil rocks before the construction of a reinforced concrete drive, which requires additional financial costs.
Thus, before the construction of a reinforced concrete drive, you should weigh the pros and cons very well, so as not to regret it later. The too high cost of materials and the complexity of construction make this option not the most good decision In most cases.
So, now you know how to make a drive to the site through a ditch, so it's time to talk about its improvement. This should be taken very seriously, since the entrance is not only used for crossing Vehicle through the ditch, but also creates the first impression of the owner of the site. Therefore, the race must be not only reliable, strong and durable, but also beautiful.
In most cases, refining is carried out at the stage of laying paths, however, this process can also be independent. Many people stop only at the construction of the check-in, believing that its arrangement is very problematic and too expensive. If you hire specialists, then this entails additional costs, since their services are not cheap, but if you do everything yourself, then you can get by with minimal investment.
In order to best determine how the check-in should be equipped, you need to take into account the construction technology that you will use when building the check-in. It should also be taken into account for what purposes the race will be used.
Most often, it serves to perform the following tasks:
- delivery of land and sand to the summer cottage;
- garbage removal;
- unloading on the site of furniture, household appliances and other interior items;
- import of building materials.
Especially in a reliable check-in, people involved in the garden and the garden need it. The presence of an entrance in this case greatly simplifies the implementation of many tasks.
Regardless of why you need to drive to the site, you need to understand that its construction is associated with large quantity problems, and also requires financial investments and labor costs. Therefore, before starting any work, you should carefully consider all the little things, and only after that start any construction works. If you act according to certain instructions, then there will be no problems in the process of building a check-in.
When arranging a personal site, the question often arises of organizing a convenient check-in on it. Sewage or drainage trenches can interfere with this. Many decide to just fill them up, level them, tamp them down and lay asphalt in this place. But this method has a lot of disadvantages, which most often begin to appear during periods of heavy rains and snowmelt. The fact is that the trench served to divert soil and Wastewater. If you fill it up, it disrupts the natural outflow of moisture, which threatens to flood the buildings located on the site. Therefore, it is better to use more reliable option devices for entering the site through a ditch. The price of such work may vary depending on the volume of the trench and the materials used. We will talk about this in more detail below.
If you wondered how to make a check-in to the site through a ditch, then you should start by inspecting the area. As a rule, trenches are dug in "problem" places, i.e. where groundwater is close to the surface of the earth. It will not be superfluous to see how your neighbors made the entrance to the site. It would be helpful to get expert advice. In addition, you need to decide on the width of the entrance. Even if you do not have personal transport, it is still large in area and at the same time a reliable check-in to the gate must be made.
Making a check-in to the site through a ditch with your own hands is a simple task, if you follow all the recommendations. The erected structure must withstand the weight of heavy construction equipment. After all, they will be transported through the ditch Construction Materials. The width of the race must be calculated in advance. The area should be such that a large vehicle can pass through the trench. It is recommended to make the race width at least 4 meters, but in some cases even this is not enough. In addition, at the planning stage, it is important to decide on several more important parameters. So, you should choose the right type and design of the pipe intended for drainage. The length of the pipe must be 3 m longer than the width of the race itself. The width should be such that the wastewater flows freely in the right direction. Also, you must first create construction estimate, where the cost and required amount materials and tools necessary for arranging the arrival at the site.
All the nuances of future work should be displayed in the plan. In addition, you should also take into account the type of terrain on which the race will be built. For this, the characteristics of the soil available on the site are determined. If the humidity or swampiness is too high, the ground should be dried beforehand. For this, drainage systems are equipped. Taking into account the existing drainage passages, the race will be built in the future. The erected structure should not disturb the natural outflow of melt water.
Equip drainage system it is also necessary if there is clay or loamy soil on the site. Due to its high density, it does not absorb excess moisture well, and therefore it accumulates on the surface of the earth. The drainage system will provide a natural outflow of melt water, as a result of which moisture will not stagnate.
The drainage system is most often built in the form of a complex of pipes or in the form of a narrow trench dug throughout the entire site. Used for trenching various equipment most commonly used excavators. The higher the density of the soil, the deeper the ditch should be. On tight clay soil the trench must be dug up to a depth of 0.8-1.2 m, a width of 0.6 m. In this case, the edges of the ditch must go under a slope for the unhindered passage of wastewater. The sides of the gutter are compacted and leveled. Then, from the dug trench, the water should fall into a common drain located along the road. Next, we will consider in more detail how to properly check in to the site.
How to make a check-in on the site with your own hands
Selection of materials
If you are thinking about the question of how to make a check-in on the site, then start by choosing a pipe for arranging the check-in. Please note that all costs for preparing and conducting installation work it is better to include in advance in the construction estimate. To know how much it costs to make a check-in area, you need to determine the prices of individual components, and in particular, pipes for drainage. Considering that wastewater can pass through a structure of any size, it is possible not to purchase large-sized pipes. However, attention should be paid to the material from which they are made. It is better to give preference to concrete or metal-concrete pipes. They are quite durable and will last a long time. In addition, these pipes are relatively inexpensive. The disadvantages include, first of all, their large weight. Concrete pipes can crack if too heavy traffic passes over them. For strength, they are reinforced with iron elements, because of which they become even heavier. Because of heavy weight they are difficult to transport and stack, which affects the cost of delivery and installation.
Can be used metal pipes. They are relatively inexpensive. But you need to take into account that the structures will often come into contact with water, because of which the metal will be susceptible to corrosion. Which in turn makes the race unreliable.
Another option is asbestos-cement pipes. This option is best suited for sewerage, supply drinking water, as well as for drainage. These pipes, unlike metal ones, are not subject to corrosion. In addition, they are not heavy and have affordable prices. Their main drawback is significant fragility. However, if a strong mound of sand and gravel is made over such a pipe, then it can last for a long time.
For the device of arrival at the site, you can use plastic corrugated pipes. They have a lot of advantages - low weight, strength, resistance to corrosion and deformation. This makes them perhaps the most profitable option for the construction of an entrance to the site.
In some cases, a wooden drainage structure is used. They are made from thick board, processed antiseptics. The disadvantage of such a structure is a short service life. In addition to the pipe, for the construction of the check-in, sand, crushed stone and concrete will be required. All this will be needed in order to make a check-in to the site through a ditch. The price as a whole will depend on the chosen material and the volume of installation work.
Step-by-step work order
First of all, you need to strengthen the drainage ditch. This is necessary so that due to subsidence of the soil there are no problems with the arrival at the site. Old iron structures are used to strengthen the ditch.
Work order:
- The supports are laid on a pillow of a mixture of sand and gravel. The pillow must have a thickness of at least 0.6 meters. After that, the gravel is again filled up and the structures are laid. So they alternate until the entrance to the site becomes about 0.5 meters higher than the rest of the territory. Such an embankment will last at least 10 years.
- Before laying the pipes, a layer of rubble is poured along the bottom of the ditch, which will not allow the structure to fall into the loose soil eroded by water over time. Pipes are laid on a dense layer of crushed stone manually or with the help of equipment desired diameter. Then they should be covered with a layer of sand and gravel, after which it is well tamped.
- Next, consider how to make formwork for entering the site. So that the embankment does not crumble on the sides, concreting can be done. For this purpose, on both sides of the filling pipe, it is necessary to build a formwork from two walls with supports. In this case, the ends must be left free. Concrete is poured between the walls along the formwork. After that, you need to give the concrete a couple of days so that it has time to harden properly.
- A pipe located above ground level will be protected from dirty sewage. For reliability, it is better to place gratings along the edges of the structure. They will be able to protect the structure from the ingress of large debris.
- After completion of the installation work, the check-in must be decorated so that it does not spoil appearance the entire area. Usually they lay on a hardened layer of concrete paving slabs, small gravel or other coating. For ease of movement on the floor, you can install railings on the sides.
If the site has a clay or loamy type of soil, then in addition to the usual check-in, it is necessary to equip a drainage system. This is true even if you are thinking about the question of how to make a drive to the site out of tires. In this case, the order of work will be as follows:
- First you need to level the walls of the dug trench. The side walls of the structure should be made at a slope to ensure a convenient flow of water. The bottom of the ditch should be prepared in a special way. In the simplest case do sand cushion. If possible, it is recommended to make a base from reinforced concrete called footing. The thickness of this base must be at least 15 cm.
- Next, a drainage pipe is laid, after which it is sprinkled with rubble. The walls of the ditch should be treated with a material that does not absorb moisture well, for example, it can be clay.
- Then you need to tamp the clay layer well. It should be noted that any material can shrink, especially as a result of the daily loads created by vehicles passing through the mounted entrance. Therefore, directly below facing material it is necessary to lay out a layer of geotextile, which will create the desired balance in the distribution of the load. After that, the check-in can be concreted and tiled.
For private houses, in the courtyard of which a garage is located, it would be advisable to install a polycarbonate canopy that protects the entrance to the courtyard from precipitation and icing. Thus, it is possible to save the assembled structure for a longer period.
It often happens that the only convenient entrance to the site is blocked by a drainage or drainage ditch. This creates additional difficulties in the construction of the driveway, makes it difficult to work on landscape design and flooring. pavement. Today we will share the main tricks of the device for driving through a ditch.
Reconnaissance of the area - what are we dealing with
The ditch next to the site, whether it is a drainage trench or a natural stream, is always part of a larger complex system responsible for the hydrogeological balance of waters over a fairly large area. Violation of the operation of this system almost always and rather quickly leads to flooding, soaking of the soil, including its supporting layers. It is in your interests to carry out such structures competently and in accordance with the technical regulations.
It is necessary to transfer the profile of the ditch to the sketch on a scale, reflecting the gentleness of the slopes and the relief of the adjacent territory. According to the two highest points from which the descent begins, the width of the ditch is determined, and the difference between the line connecting these points and the bottom of the ditch is conventionally taken as the height. Make no mistake in your calculations: usually under one or both banks there are dumps of soil, over the years under open sky turned into sloping ramparts. You also need to start from the plane of the adjacent territory, without taking into account the "influx" in front of and behind the ditch.
If the stream is natural, one bank may be lower than the other, while each remains in its own plane. In this situation, it will be necessary to artificially raise the lower level with an embankment. It should be noted that the methods described by us are suitable for the construction of passages through a ditch, up to 2.5 meters deep and up to 5-6 meters wide, larger ditches require an individual and professional approach.
Ground planning and ditch clearing
The width of the passage can be up to four meters (for trucks), while one meter on each side is left as protective zones, which do not bear the operational load. In general, the width of the site to be planned is 6 meters, which correlates well with standard length pipes used for drainage.
The first task of planning is to give the ditch a constant profile across the entire width of the passage, saving it from bends and narrowings. The trench at the driveway should take the form of an inverted trapezoid with a flat bottom, from 40 cm to a meter wide, depending on the diameter of the pipe used. To prevent the pipe from being sucked into the ground, the bottom is deepened with a rectangular pit 250 mm deep for incompressible backfilling.
Expanding the ditch - cutting the walls - is almost always necessary, the soil from the dump is used to level the adjacent territory. With a difference between the levels of the banks up to 20-30 cm, leveling can only be done with excavated soil. If more - upper layer the embankment should consist of quartzite crushed stone of a fraction of 30-35 mm and be at least 1 cm thick.
Channel arrangement for water flow
The protective zones on the sides of the passage need to be expanded by making half-meter cuts into the walls of the ditch. They should be dug up to the highest point of the bank along the very edge of the embankment, and if the ditch is more than 5 meters wide - with an additional entry of 0.5 meters into flat areas.
The pit at the bottom is filling up road gravel fractions up to 50 mm, it also partially fills the notches to give inclined trenches a constant depth of at least 60 cm.
A flow channel is laid across the passage for its entire width, the lower edge of which is at the same level with the bottom of the ditch or below it. Typically, the channel is made with a steel pipe with a cross section of 300 to 500 mm, preferably lined. The outside of the pipe must be either primed and painted or coated bituminous mastic. ends steel pipes due to their small cross section, it is necessary to equip them with a removable welded grate with a cell of no more than 150 mm to protect against blockage.
The wider the channel, the lower the probability of its silting, with a clearance diameter of 600 mm or more, such a pipe can be considered serviceable at all. Large-section channels are best made of reinforced concrete rings with a quarter-lock. With the same success, it is possible to lay concrete U-shaped boxes (inverted trays), which are used in the construction of heating mains.
Road drainage pipes, corrugated with stiffeners, or the most durable HDPE for main pipelines. Remember that the width of the channel used determines the geometry of the ditch profile at the planning stage: the bottom of the "trapezoid" should be 30-40 cm wider than the pipe. Also note that even with a significant slope of the ditch, the flow pipe is laid strictly horizontally, and the difference in levels is compensated by an increased diameter.
How to make an embankment and how to protect it from erosion
The task of the "cuts" at the edges of the protective zones is to protect the embankment of the roadway from extrusion. As stops for the embankment, boards lined with stone are used, silicate brick or cast with reinforced concrete with a slab thickness of 70-80 mm.
The formwork is constructed in such a way that the edge of the channel protrudes 100 mm from each side. It is often easier to fill the bottom of the ditch sand and gravel mix to align and hide the pipe, and then carry out the installation of the sides.
The board should protrude above the highest point (banks) by 150-200 mm. The top of the sides is the starting point for the construction of the road surface and the backfill pie, as a result, the surface should be 50-100 mm higher than the adjacent territory. After installing the sides, the trench inside must be filled with crushed stone to a level of 250 mm below the upper edges.
Further, with an indent of 80 cm, two curb stones up to 100 mm wide. To create a chamfer on the edge, a glazing bead can be filled onto the formwork, along which it is quite easy to level the mixture.
The curb separates the flower bed on the side of the road, so formed space immediately you can fill up to the top with black soil. It is optimal if the length of the curbs corresponds to the length of the sides, that is, two small trenches were previously dug out along the entire length of the passage. The ends of the flower beds in this case, it is better to close under acute angle for a more convenient entry with a turn.
We ennoble the race - materials and equipment
Under the roadway, a rectangular recess with curbs on the sides and a total depth of 250 mm was obtained. Of these, 100 mm are covered with finer gravel, which is well rammed and spilled with water several times. The lower layers of the embankment also sag, so quartzite must be added periodically until shrinkage disappears. In the remaining 150 mm, a layer of asphalt concrete or paving slabs can be laid on a 20 mm layer of granite screenings.
The resulting passage is completely protected from subsidence, respectively, it can be paved with anything at all or simply left bulk. It is much more important to correctly arrange the flower beds and the adjacent parts of the ditch. Flowers can be planted along the driveway or lawn grass. The adjacent sections of the ditch, 2.5-3 meters each, need to strengthen the slopes.
They should be planted moisture-loving plants, mainly shrubs with a dense branched root system: irises, willow or wild rose, you can also sow creeping grasses or create a hedge. Landscaping these places will not only protect the slopes from erosion, but also visually smooth the relief and get rid of unpleasant dampness.
Being engaged in arranging the territory of a suburban, country house, it is possible that the owners may encounter the problem of organizing an access zone, due to the proximity of drainage, sewer ditches laid along the perimeter or along the road.
Problems with the arrangement of the check-in may also arise in the case of a large terrain or the desire to have an underground garage.
It is necessary to provide a convenient access zone to the site at the design stage, initial stage construction works.
This review will look at how to properly organize entry to the site with your hands.
Before proceeding with the work, it is necessary to determine the width of the opening.
Usually, standard width the gate is four meters, so you can start from this indicator.
But keep in mind that this will not be enough for the arrival of long vehicles, trucks with a trailer, a semi-trailer.
When planning the entrance area, it is equally important to determine the area, the form of parking, which can be arranged immediately outside the gate or in front of the garage.
Even if you do not have a personal vehicle, it should not be ruled out that during construction and repair work you will need to order special equipment for delivery necessary building materials, furniture, black soil, firewood, coal.
The elements are laid on top of the "pillow", covered with a layer of crushed stone, gravel (fraction 70). Such a design will not allow the pipe to fall into the soil eroded by precipitation and melt water over time.
At the next stage, they lay on top of the gravel drainage pipe, which is covered with coarse sand and gravel from above. They are ramming. It is best to perform a two-layer backfill by placing geotextiles between the layers.
All layers must be well compacted. To prevent shedding of the embankment, concreting is performed on the sides of the trench.
Free ends are left on each side of the drainage pipe, a formwork is erected, consisting of two walls with supports. For greater reliability and strength, retaining reinforcement is welded metal frame from fittings.
It is poured with a concrete-cement mixture using M400 grade concrete. You can drive through the passage only after five to six days, after the concrete composition has completely hardened.
So that the drainage pipe raised above the bottom of the trench is not contaminated with plant debris, special filter grills are installed along the edges, which will trap large third-party particles.
The final stage is the decoration of the driveway with lumber, paving slabs, paving stones, clinker bricks, and other facing several building materials. On top of the rubble, you can also make a concrete screed.
Organization of check-in with the help of railway sleepers
Old wooden railway sleepers you can choose as an alternative, budget when arranging the entrance to your site. Thanks to special impregnations, resins that cover the wood, the sleepers are not subject to corrosion, not to be afraid of moisture, and other adverse external factors.
Having chosen this option for arranging the driveway, it must be taken into account that such a drive does not have a high degree of strength and reliability, and is completely unsuitable for the arrival of loaded vehicles. But if the budget is limited, railway sleepers are quite suitable as a material for arranging a check-in on the site.
The advantages of this option include:
- affordable cost of materials
- long service life
- it is possible to equip the entrance without the involvement of special equipment, teams of masters
A significant drawback is a specific smell, which is especially manifested in the sun, in warm time years, insufficient level of strength, reliability. In addition, during the spring flood, the structure under the influence a large number melt water can disperse.
Check-in to the territory from reinforced concrete slabs
With the help of reinforced concrete slabs, you can equip a practical, reliable check-in on the site. But this option is acceptable only on solid soils, since in the lowlands in the event of flooding, displacement, damage, and breaking of the plates are not ruled out.
The large weight of reinforced concrete structures does not allow you to organize a concrete entrance to the site with your own hands. The process is quite complex, time-consuming, costly.
The wider the passage, the greater the width of the plates required. For laying plates, it is necessary to use special equipment and additional equipment.
Before starting work, in without fail take soil samples around the edges drainage ditch for analyses. Weak soils strengthen concrete supports installed along the walls of the trench.
Formwork is erected, double reinforcement is laid, concrete is poured. The gaps that have formed between the supports and the walls are filled with clay, coarse sand.
Depending on the width of the slabs used, the top layer of soil is removed along the edges of the trench to a depth of 22-32 cm. Before laying the slabs with special equipment, the site is leveled and rammed. The problem of height differences between the ground and the slabs is solved by adding or removing excess soil.
To the benefits this organization access zone to your site can be attributed: reliability, long operational term. The high cost of building materials, the need for soil analysis, the complexity of installation are significant disadvantages of this method.
What should be the width of the entrance - on the video:
Access platform over a wide canal
It is possible to equip a convenient access area by erecting an embankment and sides. Despite the fact that this option for organizing entry to the site does not imply large financial costs and investments, the workflow is quite complicated and time-consuming. Work sequence:
- Before starting work, it is imperative that water is pumped out of the ditch. Some masters make a big mistake by pouring a cement-concrete mixture into a formwork set in water. This approach significantly reduces the strength and reliability of the structure. It is possible that after some time, cracks and traces of destruction will appear in the process of intensive operation.
- Having retreated 50-55 cm from the designated boundaries of the future site, partitions are made, which can be made of slate, wood, and other building materials. The entire surface of the site is covered with coarse sand. A layer of gravel 30-35 cm thick is poured over the sand. Each of the layers must be well compacted.
- At the bottom of the trench, on top of the gravel-sand cushion, a drainage pipe is laid, supporting it from all sides with bricks to prevent displacement. Formwork is constructed along the edges of the drainage pipes, the height of which should be several centimeters higher than the height of the walls of the trench.
- Build supports from concrete mix. Install double reinforcement inside. Pour with concrete mixture, waiting for it to harden.
- A 30 cm layer of gravel (fraction not less than 70) is poured on top of the drainage pipe. It is well compacted. Another layer of gravel is poured, having a smaller fraction. Tamp tightly. If necessary, add a layer of gravel of a smaller fraction. Fall asleep on top of a layer of granite chips five centimeters thick.
- Geotextiles are laid, which are covered with coarse sand. Over the entire footage of the site, bricks are laid from reinforcement. Borders are installed along the perimeter of the site.
- Pour the finished surface with high-quality concrete-cement mortar. The thickness of the layer is five to six centimeters.
To correctly identify right amount building materials, calculate their thickness, measure the height of the channel before carrying out work. If there is a need to increase the depth, so as not to disturb the natural outflow ground water remove the top layer of soil at a slight angle. If you skip this one, reduce the thickness of the top layer to 50 cm.
Entrance to sloped area
If the site has a pronounced relief, the drive can be made on a slope, up or down from the road.
For personal safety, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently reliable, strong grip of the wheelbase with the roadway.
If it is planned to build an underground garage, the terrain has a slope angle, the entrance to the site can be made like a car ramp. In this case, the slope angle should not exceed 23%.
The height difference for each meter should be no more than 23 cm. Before parking, car parking, the slope angle is gradually reduced until a perfectly flat horizontal surface is formed.
When planning the arrangement of an access zone with a slope, they are performed in the following sequence:
- The initial stage is to carry out preparatory land work. After marking, the soil is removed in layers in the form of steps. If it is planned to equip an underground garage, formwork is installed to strengthen the side walls. For the frame, a mesh of metal reinforcement is used.
- With a small angle of inclination, if it is not planned to equip an underground garage for a car, the edges of the road are fenced with concrete curbs.
- The surface is covered with broken bricks, coarse gravel. Well tamped. The descent / ascent is poured with high-quality concrete mortar (M400).
- To avoid slipping of the concrete mixture during hardening, the mortar must have a sufficiently viscous consistency. Every day the concreted surface is spilled with water. The thickness of the concrete layer is 15 cm.
- At the final stage, after concrete mortar completely hardens, the prepared surface is paving with facing building materials, using paving slabs, paving stones, clinker brick, natural .
Alternative solutions and options
If there is a large enough area to organize an access zone, it is possible to equip the entrance to the territory of your site along a curve, reducing the angle of inclination, increasing the path. This option of arranging the check-in allows you to arrange parking for several cars at the same time.
When planning the arrangement of a convenient access zone to the site, you can choose any of the above, based on your financial capabilities, skill level, experience in carrying out construction and repair work, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
To protect the passage from icing, polycarbonate sheets can be used to build a beautiful arched canopy, to equip the system of electric heating of concrete slabs.
Good day! Tell me how (or what is better) to make a drive to the dacha, if the site is sloping?
Eugene, Obninsk.
Hello, Eugene from Obninsk!
/ You have a good city, but have not been in it since 1968, even lost contact with relatives who lived in it. /
Entrance to sites with a slope is done according to two options. Either in full compliance with the slope of the terrain, or by cutting the ground in such a way that a car parking space is obtained, surrounded on three sides by soil, which is reinforced with walls. The second is done less frequently, since it is labor-intensive, especially with large relief slopes.
In the simplest versions, everything is done in the usual way. The layout of the entrance is being made, including its marking, the removal of the soil in full accordance with the slope to a depth of about 15-20 centimeters. That is, you need to remove root system herbs. After that, the entire area is backfilled with a layer of sand or ASG of at least 10 centimeters.
Then the sides of the entrance are framed with formwork edged boards fastening them to vertically hammered pegs. After that, the entire area of the entrance is packed with stone battle or rubble. For greater strength, cards are laid over the entire area. welded mesh(0.5 * 2 meters) with an overlap of its edges on each other. And from above, concrete is poured at the rate of about a share of cement, three shares of sand and two shares of gravel.
A layer of solution from 5 to 10 centimeters. With a long rule (it is possible from a profiled pipe of a small section), the pouring surface is leveled.
To avoid cracking of the coating over its entire width, every two running meters squares are stacked on edge wooden slats not less than a centimeter thick. Wood is pre-treated with bituminous mastic. Top surface the slats must be flush with the concrete pavement.
In the simplest cases, a layer of material is simply poured over the entire race area. It can be gravel, gravel, small stone battle, etc. That is, something that cannot be washed away by streams of rainwater.
It is desirable to compact the material well, partly this is done with the help of a car, repeatedly rolling over the poured material. The thickness of the coating layer ranges from five to 10 centimeters, depending on the financial capabilities of the owner.
In some cases, when the soil is subject to subsidence in its characteristics, after a few years, the operation of filling new portions of the material should be repeated. lime gravel ( distinguishing feature- her White color) it is undesirable to use, although it is cheap, but its maximum can be enough in some cases for no more than five years.
Sometimes, drainage grooves are made along the sides of the road for drainage. They are also covered with the same materials.
So nothing complicated.
Other questions about garden and sidewalk paths:
sidewalk paths
