Bitumen pouring of the crushed stone base of the road price. Recommendations for the repair of road surfaces with crushed stone impregnated with bitumen. Asphalting Asphalt paving

So, in order, the information is confirmed by the test reports of the leading manufacturers of polystyrene concrete, I wrote a conclusion for myself at the end of the commentary. MOISTURE RESISTANCE and HYGROSCOPICITY This is the most important property of any building material, especially in areas with high humidity. The higher the moisture resistance of the material, the more durable, stable and warmer it is. Polystyrene concrete absorbs no more than 6% of moisture from the atmosphere, it can be under open sky almost unlimited time. STRENGTH Due to the super-strong cement-polystyrene matrix, polystyrene concrete has unique strength characteristics. This material is so durable that a fall from the height of a five-story building will not cause significant damage to the block. FIRE RESISTANCE Polystyrene concrete does not burn, it is able to withstand the enormous temperatures caused by fire, due to its unique thermal conductivity coefficient, it does not allow heat to penetrate deep into the wall. Flammability class NG. Fire resistance class EI180. DURABILITY The service life of a house made of polystyrene concrete is at least 100 years. Over the years, the strength of polystyrene concrete only increases. FROST RESISTANCE Tests for frost resistance and the amplitude of temperature fluctuations from + 75°С to - 30°С were carried out on 150 freeze-thaw cycles without loss of integrity and heat-insulating ability. THERMAL INSULATION It has long been recognized that polystyrene (styrofoam) is the best heat insulator in the world, it is even warmer than wood! A house made of polystyrene concrete does not require insulation: it is cool in summer and warm in winter. NOISE INSULATION Polystyrene concrete provides best indicator on noise absorption, 18-20 cm extinguishes from 70 decibels of sound. Consequently, in a house made of polystyrene concrete, there is special comfort: noise from the street and inside from adjoining rooms and bathrooms. ECONOMY Cost square meter finished wall cheaper than other materials. Due high level heat preservation, walls made of polystyrene concrete can be built 25% thinner than those made from alternative materials (aerated concrete and foam concrete) and 4 times thinner than brick. Savings on wall thickness lead to overall savings in the construction of the box (foundation, roof and walls) up to 50%. At the same time, the quality of the house will be even higher, and the house itself will be warmer. SEISMIC RESISTANCE Seismic resistance 9-12 points. Polystyrene concrete has not only compressive strength, but also the highest tensile and bending strength. Therefore, polystyrene concrete is considered the most reliable and earthquake-resistant material. LIGHTNESS A large-sized block 200x300x600 mm does not exceed a weight of 17 kg, which facilitates the work of a bricklayer and reduces the time for laying walls: it replaces 20 bricks in volume, and almost three times lighter in weight. ANTISEPTICITY The additive used in the manufacture of polystyrene concrete does not allow insects, rodents to start up in the walls, prevents the formation of mold and fungus, which negative impact on health. VAPOR PERMEABILITY Polystyrene concrete walls “breathe” similarly to wood walls, and there is no danger of condensation and waterlogging for them. This provides a comfortable environment in houses made of polystyrene concrete. PLASTICITY Plasticity is the only material cellular concrete, allowing the manufacture of window and door lintels, its bending strength is 50-60% of the compressive strength, for concrete this parameter is 9-11%. CRACK RESISTANCE Polystyrene concrete, due to its elasticity, is incredibly resistant to cracking. And this guarantees a long period of preservation of interior decoration and durability of the whole house. MANUFACTURER High speed of erection wall structures due to the lightness and convenient geometry of the blocks. Easily sawn and chipped, the possibility of giving building material any geometric shape. ENVIRONMENTAL The International Building Code (IRC) classifies polystyrene as one of the most energy efficient and environmentally friendly insulation materials. Thus, polystyrene concrete has a lot of undeniable advantages over materials such as expanded clay concrete, autoclaved and non-autoclaved aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete, etc. The disadvantages of polystyrene concrete appear only if its brand is incorrectly chosen and the technology of masonry and preparation for interior decoration. It can be said with absolute certainty that there is not a single significant advantage for materials such as aerated concrete and foam concrete over polystyrene concrete. At the same time, polystyrene concrete significantly surpasses them in key characteristics.

Requires reliable waterproofing. Particular care must be taken to waterproof buildings with a basement and ground floor. After all ground water, which are under the surface of the earth, can penetrate into the basement. Constantly acting on the unprotected foundation of the structure, they will gradually destroy it.

To avoid similar phenomenon and to protect the basement and basement from moisture, a waterproofing method using bitumen is used. And it does not matter at what depth groundwater occurs. In any case, you need to protect the basement from water. For horizontal waterproofing the premises are waterproofed using crushed stone poured with bitumen,.

Bitumen is a hydrocarbon compound produced during the refining of petroleum. In fact, this is a waste of oil production. Bitumen can be liquid or solid. Solid bitumen must be heated in a special boiler before waterproofing.

Waterproofing technology

In the pit, which is prepared for the future basement, not very large crushed stone 20 40 mm. can be supplemented with fine gravel to fill the gaps between individual stones as much as possible. The crushed stone layer is carefully compacted to achieve the same thickness and uniform density. The layer thickness should be about 40 mm.

After that, a layer is shed with bitumen, which fills all the voids in the crushed stone layer. Bitumen strengthens the crushed stone and protects it from water penetration. Then, over a layer of crushed stone with bitumen, cement strainer. This technology of waterproofing has been around for a long time. As many years of experience show, this method waterproofing is very reliable and effective.

APPROVED by Glavdortekh (letter N GPTU-1-2/332 dated 26.05.87)


The initial stage of violation of the evenness of the roadway are single potholes. To prevent their development, timely current (patching) repair is necessary. pavement. Repair work is difficult in the conditions of the cold wet period of the year, when the destruction of coatings occurs and progresses most intensively. A method for patching coatings by the simplest means under adverse weather conditions is proposed.

Recommendations for repairs were developed taking into account the author's certificate N 834303 based on research conducted at the Rostov Civil Engineering Institute. The recommendations were confirmed during the performance of pilot work and implemented in the practice of road repair in the DRSU production management Rostovavtodor, the North Caucasian Highway and other organizations of the country.

The recommendations were developed in accordance with the research plan of the Minavtodor of the RSFSR on the topic SD-02-76 "Improving the technology and organization of work on the repair and maintenance highways"in the development and addition of the" Technical rules for the repair and maintenance of roads "(VSN 24-75 *) / Minavtodor of the RSFSR - M .: "Transport", 1976 in terms of organizing and performing current repairs of road surfaces.

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* Here and below. There are "Methodological recommendations for the repair and maintenance of public roads" . - Note "CODE".

Recommendations developed by associate professor, candidate technical sciences Matrosov A.P. with the participation of engineers Shostenko N.G. and Zolotareva K.V.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Areas of single destruction and deformation of the roadway are subject to current (patching) repair of road surfaces: potholes, subsidence, breaches, secrecy, wide cracks, collapse of edges. In order to prevent intensive violation of the evenness of coatings, the current repair of destruction and deformation should be carried out at an early stage of their development. untimely (belated) Maintenance leads to an increase in the labor and material costs necessary for repair, reduces the service life of coatings, reduces the speed and increases the cost of road transport, and adversely affects the provision of convenience and traffic safety.

1.2. Most of the destruction and deformation of road surfaces occurs in the cold, wet autumn-spring period of the year, when the current repair of pavements with heating or cutting out defective areas and filling the cuttings with asphalt concrete mixtures is difficult due to adverse weather conditions for the production of work and the preparation of repair materials.

1.3. The method proposed by these recommendations for the current (pitting) repair of coatings with crushed stone with re-impregnation with bitumen is applicable to improved coatings of lightweight and capital types and is expedient at low positive air temperatures both in dry and wet weather using the simplest mechanization and working equipment.

1.4. Mainly small-sized (up to 0.5-1.5 m) destructions and deformations, mainly with steep edges, with a traffic intensity of less than 5-7 thousand cars per day, are subject to repair. With greater traffic intensity, the proposed method of repair should be considered as a temporary repair measure, followed, if necessary, by repeated repairs under favorable weather conditions using known methods provided for " technical rules repair and maintenance of roads" (VSN 24-75), including the use of special road repair machines such as DE-5, DE-5A, MTRDT, MTRD, road repairer 5320, road foreman 4101, etc.

1.6.* Reverse impregnation of crushed stone with bitumen (from bottom to top, as opposed to impregnation from top to bottom) is based on the foaming effect that occurs when hot bitumen interacts with the cold wet (natural moisture) surface of the repair crushed stone and the repaired coating. Foaming of bitumen is accompanied by a partial displacement of moisture from the surface of the coating and mineral material, which contributes to the adhesion of the binder material to them.
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* The numbering corresponds to the original. - Note "CODE".

1.7. Reverse impregnation allows the use of ordinary stone material, unsuitable for impregnation from top to bottom, where clean one-dimensional crushed stone is needed.

1.8. The service life of sections repaired by reverse impregnation depends on the materials used, the intensity and composition of traffic and exceeds 2-5 years. The cost of repairing coatings with crushed stone with reverse impregnation with bitumen is on average 1 rub. per 1 m (Appendix 1).

2. MATERIALS USED

2.1. For the repair of coatings with crushed stone with reverse impregnation with a binder, it is advisable to use oil road viscous bitumen: BND 130/200; BND 90/130. In the absence of bitumen, as an exception, coal tar and tar are used (the experience of Rostovavtodor).

The temperature of bitumen during its pouring onto the repaired coating in order to increase the intensity of foaming should be close to the upper limit of the operating temperature (180-200 ° C).

2.2. As a mineral material, crushed stone should be used, obtained by crushing massive rocks, boulder stone, coarse gravel and non-degradable metallurgical slag. The grade of crushed stone should be at least 600 in terms of crushability, not lower than I-IV in terms of wear in the shelf drum, and not less than Mrz 50 in terms of frost resistance.

2.3. Crushed stone can be one-dimensional with a fraction size of 5-15; 10-15; 15-20 mm. You can use crushed stone mixtures of optimal granulometric composition, designed for porous asphalt concrete with a crushed stone size of not more than 20 mm. In the absence of these materials in individual cases it is allowed to use ordinary crushed stone, no larger than 20 mm, with a content of dust and clay particles in an amount of less than 3% by weight. The crushed stone used does not need to be dried, but it should not be wet, containing free water.

2.4. With a shortage of quality mineral materials, as an exception, it is possible to use sand and gravel materials (experience of Rostovavtodor).

2.5. For the repair of roads with a traffic intensity exceeding 7 thousand vehicles per day, it is advisable to use durable blackened crushed stone with a fraction size of 15-20 mm (experiment of Sevkavavtodorogi).

3. MECHANIZATION AND LABOR TOOLS

3.1. A truck with a three-seat cab or a special repair vehicle is equipped with a bituminous thermos boiler, a bunker or compartment for mineral material, and a place for tools. Working equipment can be placed on a trailer to a transport vehicle. The bitumen boiler can be installed on a separate trailer.

3.2. The boiler, filled with hot bitumen at the base, is equipped with a gas or liquid fuel nozzle for heating the binder. Heating is possible using a dropper and a flame tube built into the boiler (rational proposal of the Salsky DRSU of Rostovavtodor). It is also possible to use a tarmacerator.

3.3. The distribution hose with a nozzle for pouring bitumen, and in its absence a distribution watering can, is placed in a hot chamber built into the boiler tank.

3.4. The crushed stone compartment or bin is installed so as to provide good access to the material.

3.5. Placed in the back of the car hand tool: scrapers, brooms, shovels, trowels, rammers, a rail, a ruler-probe, as well as signal barriers (two signs 1.23 "Roadworks", a guarding barrier with signs fixed on it 3.24 "Maximum speed limit" and 4.22 "Obstacle avoidance" ). To ensure fire safety, the car is equipped with an additional fire extinguisher, and for the purposes of labor protection - with an additional first-aid kit.

4. TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK

4.1. When repairing coatings with crushed stone with reverse impregnation with bitumen, the following technological operations are performed: cleaning the defective area from dust, dirt and free water; pouring bitumen heated to the upper limit of operating temperature; distribution of mineral material; additional pouring of bitumen and scattering of crushed stone (if necessary); seal.

4.2. The work is performed by a link consisting of three people: the driver of the car and two road workers moving in the cab of the car.

4.3. The technological scheme of repair provides for a short-term stop of the link at the place being repaired, indicated to the driver by the link worker with the obligatory installation of signal fencing means.

4.4. After preparing the equipment, materials and tools, the defective area is cleaned of dust, dirt and free water with a scraper and a broom. By means of a manual distributor, and in its absence, a watering can, the first worker (link) pours hot bitumen onto the repaired surface at the rate of 1-1.2 l/m per 1 cm of the depth of unevenness. Pouring is carried out along the edge of a pothole or subsidence so that the bitumen flows into its deep part.

The second worker, immediately after pouring the bitumen with a shovel, fills the unevenness with crushed stone in the amount of 0.012 m / m per 1 cm of depth. Then the crushed stone is leveled (if necessary) with a trowel and compacted with a manual rammer. If at the same time the bituminous foam has not risen to the surface of the crushed stone, the bitumen is re-bottled at the rate of up to 0.5 l / m, covered with a thin layer of crushed stone and compacted. Consolidation is also possible with the wheel of the vehicle used for the work.

Impregnation is technological process construction or restoration of an improved lightweight type of road surface by successive layer-by-layer scattering and compaction stone materials(crushed stone, gravel of various sizes) with the base layer buckled and impregnated with organic binders. Depending on the thickness of the structural layer, impregnation is carried out to a depth of 4-10 cm. Impregnation to a depth of 4-7 cm is often called semi-impregnation.

Coatings according to the method of impregnation are mainly made of crushed stone of igneous rocks of a grade of at least 800 or sedimentary and metamorphic grades of at least 600. For bases, crushed stone of a grade of at least 600 is used. breeds for construction works. Specifications".

For impregnation, crushed stone is used, divided into fractions, for example, 40-70, 20-40, 10-20 (or 15-20), 5-10 (or 3-10) mm in size. If the impregnation depth is less than 8 cm, the first fraction (40-70 mm) is not used. The last, smallest fraction, intended for the protective layer, is not used in the construction of foundations.

The volume of crushed stone of the main (first) fraction with a size of 40-70 mm or 20-40 mm should be determined taking into account a coefficient of 0.9 to the design thickness of the structural layer and an increase in this volume by 1.25 times for compaction. The volume of each subsequent crushed stone fraction is taken equal to 0.9-1.2 m 3 per 100 m 2 of the base or coating.

Viscous organic binders with needle penetration depth from 90 to 200×0.1 mm or bituminous emulsions of EBK-2, EBK-3 and EBA-2 classes are used as binders for impregnation.

The binders used for impregnation must withstand the film water resistance tests according to amendment No. 2 to GOST 12801-98. If necessary, to improve the adhesion of bitumen to the surface of crushed stone, appropriate surfactants are introduced into the bitumen.

The consumption of viscous binder and emulsion in terms of bitumen is assumed to be 1.0-1.1 l/m 2 per centimeter of layer thickness. When using an emulsion, the concentration of bitumen in it is 50-55% when limestone crushed stone is used and 55-60% when granite crushed stone is used.

Coatings and bases according to the method of impregnation suit mainly in warm time year in the absence of rain and the air temperature in spring and summer is not less than 5°C, in autumn it is not lower than 10°C. The sequence of work during the installation of crushed stone coatings and bases according to the method of impregnation (semi-impregnation) is given in Table. 1 and 2.

Table 1

The sequence of work in the construction of coatings and bases with a thickness of 8-10 cm

table 2

The sequence of work in the construction of coatings and bases with a thickness of 5-7 cm

The crushed stone is distributed by a mechanical distributor, the binder is poured by asphalt distributors. In exceptional cases, a motor grader can be used to distribute the main fraction of crushed stone.

The length of the simultaneously processed area (the length of the grip) is assigned such that within one day the entire cycle of work is completed, or at least the first wedging fraction of crushed stone is distributed and compacted.

The main fraction of crushed stone is evenly distributed over the entire width of the carriageway, observing the required evenness and transverse profile. In some cases, for example, if it is impossible to provide a bypass for a section under construction, it is allowed to cover alternately on halves of the carriageway.

The distributed crushed stone is first compacted with light rollers (5-6 tons) in 2-3 passes along one track, starting from the edge of the carriageway. Then compaction is continued with heavy rollers (10-12 tons). Crushed stone of low strength (grade 600) is compacted only with light rollers weighing up to 6 tons in order to avoid crushing. When compacting, make sure that crushed stone does not crush.

The number of passes of the roller along one track is set by a trial compaction. During compaction, the surface density and cross profile are constantly monitored using a cross rail and templates. All irregularities must be eliminated in the very initial stage of compaction. Crushed stone, as a rule, is compacted without watering. When the air temperature is above 20 ° C, it is advisable to water crushed stone of low strength at a rate of 8-10 liters of water per 1 m 2 of surface. After compaction of the main fraction, a binder is poured, while the emulsion can be poured over wet rubble, and bitumen - only after it has dried.

The temperature of the binder with a needle penetration depth of 130 to 200×0.1 mm should be 110-130°C; a binder with a needle penetration depth of 90 to 130×0.1 mm should be heated to 130-150°C. Emulsions, as a rule, are used without heating, however, at air temperatures below 10°C, they should be used in a warm form (with a temperature of 40-50°C).

The binder can be poured over the entire width of the carriageway or one half of it, which must be poured evenly, without gaps.

Before the spilled hot binder cools down, the next fraction of crushed stone is scattered with a mechanical distributor to fill the pores between the crushed stones of the main fraction, without forming an independent layer. Mechanical distributors move over crushed stone.

After distribution, the crushed stone is compacted with rollers in 5-7 passes along one track using one wedging fraction and in 3-4 passes with two wedging fractions. Crushed stone of strong rocks is compacted with heavy rollers, and low-strength rocks are first light and then heavy.

Having sealed the wedging fraction, a closing mat is arranged on the coating. To do this, the binder is poured and, before it cools, crushed stone 5 (3) -10 or 5 (3) -15 mm in size is distributed and compacted with 3-4 passes of a skating rink weighing 6-8 tons. In the process of compacting the last fraction of crushed stone, it continues to be scattered with hard brooms, filling in the remaining pores. The surface of the coating after the distribution and compaction of the last fraction of crushed stone must be dense.

When used as a binder bituminous emulsions arrange protective layer on the coating of the last smallest fraction of crushed stone, as well as arrange a coating layer on the prepared base after 3-5 days to ensure the evaporation of water from the underlying layers.

While distributing and compacting proppant and closing fractions, they continue to control the evenness and transverse profile of the surface, while eliminating deviations from established requirements. Evenness is estimated by the size of the gaps under the three-meter rail. The gaps under the rail should be no more than 10 mm.

During binder pouring, the asphalt distributor must move at a constant speed. When pouring the binder alternately on one and the other half of the carriageway, it is necessary to ensure the correct pairing of both halves. To do this, a strip of spilled binder at the inner edge 10-15 cm wide is not covered with crushed stone. When pouring the binder, crushed stone is scattered on the second half, capturing the remaining uncovered strip on the first half.

To avoid the appearance of unevenness due to excess binder, the transverse joints of adjacent sections should not overlap when pouring the binder. To do this, the end of the finished mating section for 2-3 m is covered with paper, roofing paper. The asphalt distributor must reach the set speed before approaching the closed end finished plot. During the passage of the asphalt distributor through a closed place, the nozzles of the distribution pipe are opened. The binder consumption is regulated in advance.

During the construction of coatings and bases, the impregnation method controls the quality of crushed stone and binders, their consumption rates, the temperature of binders, and the quality of compaction. The degree of compaction of the layers arranged by the impregnation method is checked by a test run of a skating rink weighing 10-13 tons; in this case, there should be no movement of crushed stone or the formation of waves in front of the roller of the rink.

After completion of work on the installation of coatings by the method of impregnation (semi-impregnation), within 20-25 days, it is necessary to regulate the movement, ensuring uniform formation and compaction of the coating over the entire width; if necessary, compact the coating with rollers to create flat surface; sweep with a broom rubble scattered by passing cars; sprinkle with fine gravel areas where there is an excess of binder.

During the formation of the coating, peeling of the coating, local loosening, delayed formation, potholes may occur; such defects must be corrected. Small potholes that appeared during the formation of the coating are cleaned of dust and dirt, watered with bitumen or emulsion (0.8-1.2 l / m 2), sprinkled with fine gravel in the amount necessary to fill the potholes, and compacted.

Black crushed stone refers to mixtures of products of crushing and screening of rocks and mineral and organic binders. They have a wide scope of application, the most demanded area is road construction. With a slight increase in price compared to conventional brands, this variety is characterized by increased durability, moisture and wear resistance. The manufacturing process is considered simple, with special equipment they can be obtained at home, but with high performance requirements, factory-quality products are preferred.

The material is obtained by treating igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, processing products of metallurgy waste and river gravel with binders. standard size. The proportion of impregnating substances varies within 1.5-4.5% (the smaller the grain, the higher the consumption) and with penetration from 60 to 250, most often they have an organic basis. To improve their mobility, PAD and mineral additives (from 1 to 3%) are also introduced. Made in drum-type mixers equipped with heaters and tilting systems, cooking time depends on the recipe and fractions.

Depending on the production method and laying methods, there are the following types black gravel:

• Hot - obtained at a binder temperature in the region of 120-160 ° C and laid at about 100-120 (the material must cool slightly). For impregnation, in this case, medium-thickening bitumen SG, BND, BN or D-6 tar are used. Of all the varieties, this one is the most expensive, 1 m 3 costs at least 2500 rubles.
• Warm - based on road oil bitumen or tar D-5, heated to 80-120 ° C and forming a coating at 60-100. By analogy with the previous one, it is laid immediately, to prevent sticking to the body during transportation, the walls are treated with lubricants.
• Cold - crushed stone or gravel not heated during the manufacturing process, impregnated with slow and medium disintegrating emulsions, liquid bitumen and D-3 tar. These grades are characterized by minimal adhesion, when organizing right conditions storage they lie without sticking up to 4-6 months, if necessary, they can be bought in advance.

A separate group is represented by dark crushed stone of natural origin - crushed marble, dolerite (pieces of rocks of saturated gray and black-green color) and similar varieties used mainly for decorative purposes. Their price varies from 2500 to 4500 rubles per 1 m 3, the use of these brands in civil works economically impractical.

The requirements for the filler are regulated by GOST 8267 and 3344, the minimum allowable frost resistance grade is F15, the proportion of irregularly shaped grains should not exceed 35%. Strength depends on the intended purpose and base and varies from M300 to M1200. Volume weight such crushed stone is determined by the same factors and reaches 2.6 t / m 3.

The amount of adhesion is directly related to the manufacturing method: black hot and warm mixes in this regard, they win over the cold ones. This material has good water resistance, wear resistance, bituminous coating lasts at least 4-6 years.

Scope and nuances of application

The main area of ​​use is road construction. In this case, good results are achieved when laying different fractions: large - the first layer, smaller, wedging - the top. Mixtures impregnated with bitumen or tar have good waterproofing properties, which explains their demand for building foundations in areas with risks of flooding. The important conditions of the technology include laying in dry and warm weather The ideal seasons are spring and early autumn.

Black decorative crushed stone and shiny gravel (natural or colored varieties) are used in landscape projects. Bitumen-impregnated grades are suitable for arranging paths; in areas with high traffic, hot and warm mixtures are laid, with a small amount of cold ones. Dark color rarely used as the main, maximum decorative effect achieved by combining shades.

Material cost

The minimum cost of m 3 subject to pickup is 2000 rubles. Approximate prices, taking into account delivery within 30-40 km, are given in the table.