Popel Oleg Sergeevich - born in 1948, engineer-thermophysicist (MPEI - 1971, postgraduate student of MPEI - 1974), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Deputy Director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS) for scientific work, head of the Scientific and research center JIHT RAS "Physico-technical problems of energy". He has been working at JIHT RAS since 1973.
Government Prize Laureate Russian Federation in science and technology (2011) for the "Development and implementation of efficient technologies for the use of renewable and non-renewable traditional sources energy in small power industry.
Author of 5 monographs and manuals, more than 300 scientific works and more than 30 patents, including the author of the book "Energy in the Modern World", publishing house "Intellect", 2010 (co-authored with Academician V.E. Fortov). Laureate of the Prize of the International Academic Company "Nauka/Interperiodika" for the best scientific publication in 2012 in the journal "Heat power engineering".
Under the leadership of O.S. Popel developed the "Atlas of Solar Energy Resources in Russia (JIHT RAS, 2010) and the Geographic Information System "Renewable Energy Sources of Russia" - www.gis-vie.ru (together with the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov).
Under the leadership of O.S. Popel implemented a number of projects on practical application renewable energy sources in various regions of the country, including at the facilities of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in Dagestan, in Armenia, in Moscow, a number of developments have been prepared for commercialization.
Member of the editorial boards of the journals: "Heat power engineering", " alternative energy and ecology” and “Energy: economics, technology, ecology”.
Chairman of the Scientific Council of the OEMMPU RAS on non-traditional renewable energy sources. Member of the Council for Grants of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Head of the Working Group of the Scientific and Coordinating Council of the Federal Target Program "Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia for 2014-2020" of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the priority area "Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving, Nuclear Energy".
Head of the Expert Council of the Technological Platform "Small Distributed Energy", member Expert Councils Technological platform "Perspective technologies of renewable energy", RFBR and the Skolkovo Foundation.
Member of the Scientific and Technical Councils of JSC INTER RAO UES, JSC RAO ES of the East and JSC VTI.
He is co-head of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov Scientific and Educational Center "Renewable Energy Sources".
Over the past 5 years, he was the head of 7 government contracts and 3 RFBR projects. Under the scientific guidance of Popel O.S. 4 candidate dissertations were defended.
Popel O.S. repeatedly invited as an expert and scientific consultant to the scientific centers of Cuba, Mexico, South Korea and other countries. Was invited as invited professor at Ulster University (UK), has experience international cooperation with research centers in Germany (DLR), Spain (CIEMAT), USA (SNL), South Korea (KIER) and others within the framework of international projects and contracts.
CHAPTER 1. SUMMARY OF THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 2. CONVERSION OF SOLAR RADIATION ENERGY INTO THERMAL ENERGY
2.1. Distribution of energy resources solar radiation on the territory of Russia
2.2. The efficiency of using solar water heating installations in various climatic conditions
2.2.1. Criteria for the effectiveness of the IED
2.2.2. Mathematical modeling of the operation of the VCA
2.2.3. Engineering methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the IED
2.3. Converting the energy of solar radiation using solar ponds
2.4. Development of new types of solar collectors and IEDs made of heat-resistant plastics
2.4.1. Comparison of the technical level of solar collectors of domestic and foreign manufacturers
2.4.2. Development of solar collectors from heat-resistant plastics
2.5. Pilot facilities with solar heating systems
2.5.1. Experimental solar house in Armenia
2.5.2. Solar heat supply units for CAO RAS facilities
CHAPTER 3. SOLAR REFRIGERATION UNIT BASED ON SELECTIVE WATER ADSORBENTS
3.1. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Thermochemical Cycle of an Adsorption Refrigerator
3.2. Analysis of selection conditions optimal modes operation of an adsorption refrigeration unit, taking into account the characteristics of sorption / desorption processes
3.3. Modeling the operation of a solar adsorption refrigeration plant
CHAPTER 4. AUTONOMOUS SOLAR-WIND
POWER PLANTS
4.1. Principles of construction of autonomous power plants 186 on renewable energy sources.
4.2. Development of a mathematical model for 191 solar-wind autonomous power plants
4.3. Experimental installations for laboratory and 206 natural studies of autonomous solar-wind power plants
CHAPTER 5. SOLAR POWER PLANTS WITH GAS TURBINE 215
5.1. Thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine solar 220 power plants with heat recovery
5.2. Modeling schemes of solar power plants 231 with gas turbines
CHAPTER 6. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
6.1. Generalized schematic diagram of a GeoPP with 241 steam-water turbines, a turbine on a low-boiling working fluid, or a combination of them
6.2. Selection and testing of the equation of state for 246 natural hydrocarbons
6.3. The results of computational studies of the energy efficiency of GeoPP 259 on various working bodies
6.4. Analysis of the sensitivity of the calculated indicators of schemes 262 GeoPP to changes in operating parameters
CHAPTER 7. HEAT PUMP HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
7.1. Conditions for the effective use of heat pumps with various sources of low-grade heat
7.2. Efficiency of the heat pump heat supply system of the building of the Large Optical Telescope of the CAO RAS
Recommended list of dissertations
Micro-energy complex based on a wet-steam turbine, solar collector and heat pump 2013, Candidate of Technical Sciences Papin, Vladimir Vladimirovich
2012, candidate of technical sciences Chemekov, Vyacheslav Viktorovich
2003, Doctor of Technical Sciences Amerkhanov, Robert Alexandrovich
Improving the parametric characteristics of energy efficient and environmentally friendly systems of integrated heat and power supply of autonomous consumers based on wind turbines 2005, candidate of technical sciences Kukhartsev, Vladislav Vladimirovich
2018, candidate of technical sciences Batukhtin, Sergey Gennadievich
Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Research and development of energy supply systems using renewable energy sources"
The development of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources (RES) is a strategic problem that determines the prospects for sustainable development of many countries in the face of gradual depletion of cheap fossil fuels and emerging threats of increasing anthropogenic pollution. environment. Many renewable energy technologies have already reached the level of competitiveness and are gradually entering the market, including the Russian one.
Unconventional Renewable Energy Sources and New Methods for Its Conversion and Accumulation” are identified as one of the critical technologies within the priority areas for the development of science and technology in the Russian Federation, approved by the President of Russia on March 30, 2002, No. Pr-577 and Pr-578.
The main tasks of research and development are to increase the efficiency of converting renewable energy sources into useful types of energy, reliability and other technical and economic indicators of the developed systems and devices, search for niches for cost-effective implementation of technologies, creation and pilot testing of demonstration plants, preparation of scientific and methodological materials substantiating effective areas and methods of using renewable energy sources.
The objects of research and development in the dissertation are technologies, installations and systems that provide an effective transformation:
solar power in thermal energy(systems of solar hot water supply and heating), into the energy of "cold" (solar adsorption refrigeration units) and into electricity (solar power plants with thermodynamic conversion);
Solar (with the help of Photovoltaic converters!, wind energy or their combination into electricity for power supply to autonomous consumers, including using hydrogen energy storage devices;
Geothermal energy into electricity (geothermal power plants (GeoES), in particular, power plants with low-boiling working fluids);
Low-grade heat from various sources with the help of heat pumps into thermal energy for the purposes of hot water supply and heating.
The aim of the work is to develop scientific and technological foundations efficient conversion of the above renewable energy sources and their testing by mathematical modeling of the operation of installations and systems under conditions that take into account real operating conditions as much as possible, as well as by creating experimental and demonstration installations.
In conditions of significant instability of energy supply from most renewable energy sources, due to daily, seasonal, weather and other factors, the use of stationary and quasi-stationary methods for analyzing the efficiency of energy conversion, unlike traditional power plants, as a rule, does not provide reliable and reliable results. Taking into account this circumstance, the dissertation implements a unified methodological approach to solving the problems of modeling power plants for renewable energy sources. This approach is based on the development and application of dynamic plant models.
The principal feature of the models is the use of detailed actinometric and meteorological information as initial data in the format of a "typical meteorological year - TMY" (hourly annual sequences of flows solar radiation, wind speed and temperature atmospheric air). TMY is generated using internationally established procedures for processing long-term monthly average climate data1. Studies carried out by a number of foreign authors and aimed at determining the optimal degree of detail of the initial actinometric
1 Hall I.; Prairie R.; Anderson H.; Boes E. Generation of Typical Meteorological Years for 26 SOLMET Stations. SAND78-1601. - Sandia National Laboratories. Albuquerque. 1978. (http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/pubs/tmy2/ overview.html#method) data (integration step) when simulating the operation of solar installations showed that an adequate description of such installations with an acceptable error in predicting integral energy indicators provided at hourly intervals of presentation of solar radiation. Smaller integration steps do not lead to a significant increase in the accuracy of the results, but lead to a sharp increase in the duration of the calculations. An increase in the integration step of more than 1 hour leads to a significant increase in the calculation error.
Dynamic modeling of most of the installations considered in the dissertation is carried out using modern software product TYAMBUB2, which is used as the main software tool for dynamic modeling of solar and other installations at VIZ by the world's leading research centers. The dynamic simulation environment TYAMBUB was originally developed at the University of Wisconsin (USA) in 1973 for modeling solar heating systems. Today, TYAMBUB is the de facto industry standard, which allows us to speak about reliable simulation results.
The environment is designed to describe the behavior of systems described by systems of ordinary differential equations, and is a set of FORTRAN modules required to control the modeling process; modules that describe the behavior of various elements of the system and are used as "bricks" for its assembly, as well as a number of auxiliary modules, including those designed for input and output of information and its analysis. This entire set is compiled into a dynamic library and runs under the control of the actual dynamic simulation program.
The configuration of the simulated system is set by the user in the form of a special file describing the links between the elements of the system.
2 TRNSYS - The Transient System Simulation Program // http://sel.me. wisc.edu/TRNSYS/ we. This file in latest versions TJ^UB is generated by a special program with a user-friendly graphical interface.
The modular nature of TKMBUB, the availability of source code and clear rules for describing and linking modules determine the open nature of TK-UBB, allowing the user to create modules for describing their own elements and include them in the simulated systems, thus expanding the possibilities of the modeling environment. In addition, time does not have to be an independent variable in modeling, which makes it possible to carry out variant and optimization calculations by studying the behavior of a quasi-dynamic system when the corresponding parameters change.
The technology of dynamic modeling of RES installations is illustrated in fig. 1. As a result of statistical processing of simulation results, integral energy and technical and economic indicators of installations are determined. In some cases (see, for example, section 2.2., relating to solar water heating installations), it is possible to obtain generalizing dependencies, on the basis of which it is possible to build engineering calculation methods.
AVERAGE MONTHLY DATA ON SOLAR RADIATION, OUTDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE, WIND SPEED
Dynamic simulation of plant operation during the year (TDYZUE)
STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF THE RESULTS. OBTAINING INTEGRAL CHARACTERISTICS
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR EFFICIENCY EVALUATION
Rice. 1. Technology for modeling RES installations
To achieve the goal formulated above, including using the described unified methodological approach, the following specific tasks are solved in the dissertation:
In the field of converting solar energy into thermal energy:
Using available sources climate information, systematize, summarize and present in a convenient way for practical use in the form of data on the distribution of solar radiation energy resources over the territory of Russia for various periods of the year, necessary to assess the efficiency of the use of solar installations.
Develop and, using simulation models and by creating experimental objects, justify effective schemes for solar hot water supply and heating of various consumers based on flat solar collectors and "solar ponds",
To develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the use of solar water heating installations in the climatic conditions of various regions of Russia, focused on developers and potential users of solar installations.
To develop and create experimental designs of solar collectors and solar water heating installations using modern heat-resistant polymeric materials, providing a significant improvement in technical and economic indicators compared to traditional solar installations made using metal materials and glass.
In the field of converting solar energy into cold energy using adsorption refrigeration units: analyze the effectiveness of the use of various water adsorbents in batch solar refrigeration plants in various climatic conditions, identify the main critical parameters that affect the efficiency of solar energy conversion and develop practical advice;
In the field of separate and combined use of solar (with the help of photovoltaic converters) and wind energy for power supply of autonomous consumers: to develop methods for mathematical modeling of the operation of autonomous solar-wind power plants in real climatic conditions in order to justify their optimal configuration and determine the possibility of creating completely autonomous power plants with electrochemical energy accumulators and/or hydrogen accumulators, formulate the tasks of the necessary experimental studies, develop and create a prototype of an autonomous solar-wind power plant for a specific consumer;
In the field of converting solar energy into electrical energy at power plants with a thermodynamic cycle: to develop schematic diagrams of solar power plants (SPP) operating using modern gas turbine plants, and, based on dynamic mathematical modeling, to conduct a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of various promising SPP schemes.
In the area of transformation geothermal energy into electrical energy: develop a generalized scheme and simulation model of a geothermal power plant and, based on a unified approach, conduct a comparative analysis of various GeoPP schemes operating with the use of steam-water turbines, turbines on low-boiling working fluids or with their combination on the example of the developed binary block of the Verkhne-Mutnovskaya GeoPP.
In the field of converting low-potential heat with the help of heat pumps into thermal energy: to develop schematic diagrams of heat supply systems with vapor-compression heat pumps that utilize heat from non-stationary sources with a significant difference in heat release and consumption schedules, and, using a simulation model, to substantiate optimal technical solutions for creating a heat pump system heat supply of a particular object.
The following results of research and development carried out personally by the author or under his scientific guidance, which have significant scientific novelty and practical significance, are submitted for defense:
1. Technique for database formation and the results of mapping the distribution of average daily solar radiation fluxes on earth's surface and fixed surfaces differently oriented in space for different periods of the year for the territory of Russia for solar applications.
2. A new criterion for the efficiency of using solar water heating installations in various climatic conditions: the number of days for a certain period of the year (month, quarter, half a year, the whole year) in which water in the storage tank solar installation heated by solar energy not lower than the specified control level temperature (37, 45 or 55°C).
3. Engineering methodology for calculating the efficiency of solar water heating installations (SBU) in various climatic conditions based on the newly introduced criterion and the traditionally used criterion (“share of load coverage due to solar energy”), developed on the basis of the application modern methods dynamic simulation of a "typical" SBU. Establishment of correlation dependencies between the above two criteria.
4. Results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of solar ponds for the purposes of heat supply and electricity generation.
5. Results of development, creation and experimental operation of a number of demonstration objects with systems solar heating and hot water supply.
6. Results of the development of new types of solar collectors and SBUs from heat-resistant polymeric materials that provide improved technical, economic and operational performance.
7. The results of the analysis of the efficiency of solar adsorption refrigeration plants of periodic operation in various climatic conditions.
8. Results of the analysis of indicators and recommendations for choosing the optimal configuration of fully autonomous solar-wind power plants with electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen storage systems, taking into account the actual climatic conditions of the place of intended operation.
9. Schematic diagrams and results comparative analysis tower-type SPP schemes operating using the Brayton regeneration cycle, the conventional Brayton cycle with steam injection and the combined steam-gas cycle of energy conversion.
10. Generalized schematic diagram and results of a comparative energy analysis of GeoPPs operating using steam-water turbines, turbines on a low-boiling working fluid, or with a combination of them, depending on the initial parameters of the geothermal fluid, the properties of the working fluid, and also taking into account the limitations to prevent scale deposits in the steam-water circuit stations.
11. Results of modeling, development and creation of a heat pump heat supply system for the building of the Large Optical Telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which works with the utilization of low-grade heat from the oil system of the telescope suspension under conditions of a significant mismatch between the daily schedules of heat release and consumption.
Most of the research and development presented in the dissertation was carried out within the framework of projects that are part of the Federal and regional scientific and technical programs, initiative projects financed by the Russian Foundation fundamental research, the Moscow Committee for Science and Technology of the Government of Moscow, as well as within the framework of international projects and agreements with various customers.
So, for example, research and development in the field of the use of solar energy and heat pumps for the purposes of heat and cold supply in last years were carried out:
According to the Federal Target Program "Research and Development in Priority Areas of Science and Technology Development" for 2002-2006" on the topic: "Creation of technologies and equipment using renewable energy sources and their integrated use in energy, agriculture, housing and communal services" ( State contract with the Ministry of Industry and Science of Russia and federal agency on Science and Innovation No. 41.003.11.2919), as well as on the topic “ Energy efficient systems decentralized energy supply based on the combined use of renewable resources and traditional energy sources” (State contract of Rosnauka No. 02.447.11.5011);
According to the Federal Target Program "Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia for 2007-2012" on the topic "System Analysis of Technologies and Spheres of Efficient Energy Use of Renewable Energy Sources in the Regions of Russia" (State contract with Rosnauka No. 02.516.11.6013 );
Under the program of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Improving the efficiency of the use of energy resources by institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences and reducing costs for these purposes";
Under RFBR grants: 01-02-17317 "Development of mathematical models and software for Predicting the Efficiency of Using Solar and Combined Solar-Heat-Pump Heat Supply Systems in Russian Climatic Conditions”, 03-02-16637 “Modeling and Optimization of Schemes of Binary Geothermal Power Plants on Various Organic Working Fluids”, 05-02-16953 “Optimal Sorbent for Chemical and adsorption heat pumps: theoretical criteria, synthesis and study of properties, simulation of the cycle”, 05-08-01469 “Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the creation effective devices for Converting Solar Radiation Energy into Thermal Energy from Modern Heat-Resistant Polymer Materials”, 0608-01530 “Investigation of Formation Processes and Efficiency of Use of Selective Optical Coatings on Polymer Materials”.
Under the grants of OAO MKNT of the Government of Moscow in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, as well as
Within the framework of scientific cooperation with Ulster University (Northern Ireland).
Research in the field of solar power plants was carried out within the framework of scientific cooperation under the program of the International Energy Agency SolarPACES (high-temperature energy and chemical technologies use of concentrated solar radiation) with DLR (Germany), CIEMAT (Spain), SNL (USA), WIS (Israel) and others, as well as within the framework of the International Project of the 6th Framework Program of the European Union "European Concentrated Solar Thermal Roadmap (ECOSTAR ) Coordination Action" in 2003-2005. (Consortium: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) - coordinator, VGB PowerTech e.V., Centro de investigaciones energéticas, medioambientales y tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-IMP), Weizmann Institute of Science ( WIS), ETH - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Institute for high temperatures, Russian academy of sciences (IVTAN)).
Research in the field of geothermal energy was carried out under contracts with CJSC "Geoterm" as part of the development of the Verkhne-Mutnovskaya geothermal power plant project, under the RFBR grant 03-02-16637-a "Modeling and optimization of schemes of binary geothermal power plants using various organic working fluids" and in within the framework of the international project of the 6th framework program of the European Union "EIMGINE".
Research in the development of solar adsorption refrigeration units was carried out within the framework of the INTAS project 03-516260 "SOU \ C" "Study of a solar adsorption refrigeration plant using new adsorbent materials (coordinator: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per I" Energia "Nicola Giordano" (ITAE), Italy, co-executors: IVT RAS (Russia), Aachen University (RWTH-Aachen) (Germany), Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Moscow State University (Russia), Institute of Technical Thermophysics NASU (Ukraine), and also RFBR grant 05-02-16953 "Optimal sorbent for chemical and adsorption heat pumps: theoretical criteria, synthesis and study of properties, cycle modeling".
Research on the development of fully autonomous power plants based on renewable energy sources with hydrogen storage was carried out within the framework of the Agreement between the Academy of Sciences and OJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel on hydrogen energy and RFBR grant 06-08-00337 "Theoretical and pilot study autonomous solar-wind power plants.
The work was carried out within the framework of the scientific school of Academician A.E. Sheindlin and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences E.E. Spielrain.
The practical significance of the results obtained in the work is:
In the development of theoretical, methodological and technological foundations for the effective transformation of various renewable energy sources, providing a basis for the practical application of the technologies in question in various sectors of the economy;
In the creation of a number of pilot demonstration facilities with power supply systems using solar energy and low-grade heat utilization using heat pumps;
In the practical implementation of cost-effective technical solutions for the use of renewable energy sources in the reconstruction of power supply systems for the facilities of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which ensured significant energy savings and increased reliability of power supply;
In the development of new designs and the creation of scientific foundations for the organization of pilot production of flat solar collectors and individual solar water heating installations from heat-resistant and UV-resistant plastics, which, while maintaining high energy efficiency, are 1.5 - 2 times lower cost than collectors and SBU made of non-ferrous metals and glass.
The reliability of the research results is due to the use of modern internationally recognized methods and software tools dynamic modeling of the systems and installations under consideration (TRNSYS), analysis of the errors in the results obtained and analysis of the sensitivity of the obtained integral energy characteristics to changes in key parameters, carrying out full-scale experiments and positive results practical application of the recommendations and methods proposed by the author to improve the efficiency of heat supply systems using renewable energy sources.
The author is deeply grateful to Ph.D. S.E. Frida, in close cooperation with whom an extensive complex of computational and theoretical studies was carried out, Ph.D. V.N. Shcheglov, graduate student M.Zh. Suleimanov, design engineer I.V. Prokopchenko, postgraduate student A.V. Mordynsky and mechanic V.V. Pilipenko, together with whom the development and testing of new designs of solar collectors made of heat-resistant plastics, graduate student Yu.G. Koloiiets, who performed a huge amount of work on the formation of climate databases and the construction of maps of the distribution of solar energy resources for the regions of Russia, Ph.D. L.B. Director, with whose participation experimental and demonstration facilities were created at the facilities of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences and work was carried out to prepare the equations of state of promising organic working bodies for binary geothermal power plants, Ph.D. A.A. Chernyavsky (JSC Rostovteploelektroproekt), who made a decisive contribution to the development and implementation of projects for renewable energy installations for the CAO RAS, Ph.D. D.B. Izosimov (IPU RAS), and V.L. Tumanov (NIK-NEP), Ph.D. IN AND. Trofimenko (MPEI), in close cooperation with whom approaches to the creation of autonomous power plants with hydrogen storage devices were developed, MIPT student S.S. Sharonov, who enthusiastically participated in the development of a solar adsorption refrigeration unit, Ph.D. C.B. Kiseleva and student E.H. Terekhova (Moscow State University named after Lomonosov) for active cooperation in the preparation of the Atlas of solar energy resources in the regions of Russia, Ph.D. Yu.I. Aristov (IK SB RAS) for fruitful cooperation in the research of solar adsorption refrigeration units, as well as Ph.D. A.G. Mozgovoi, who participated in the creation of bench equipment, and many other employees and colleagues who contributed and contributed to the implementation of research and development on the topic of the dissertation.
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22nd of June 70th birthday anniversary Oleg Sergeevich Popel- Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher - Head of the Research Center "Physical and Technical Problems of Energy" of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering and Control Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences on non-traditional renewable energy, member of the Editorial Board of the journal "Heat power engineering".
Oleg Sergeevich - graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute with a degree in Engineering Thermal Physics in 1971. After completing his postgraduate studies, he worked at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where he rose from a researcher to deputy director of the institute for research, chief researcher.
O.S. Popel is a well-known scientist, he carried out research in the field of magnetic gas dynamics and thermonuclear fusion with laser initiation. Under the leadership of O.S. Popel designed and created a number of experimental facilities with solar, wind and heat pump power supply systems, including residential buildings With solar heating in Dagestan and Armenia, power supply systems have been developed for the Special Astrophysical Observatory in the village. Arkhyz in the North Caucasus, using renewable energy sources and modern energy-saving technologies, hybrid and fully autonomous solar-wind installations with various energy storage devices and many other objects and systems have been developed.
Oleg Sergeevich takes an active part in conducting research on the distribution of solar energy resources on the territory of Russia, which was summarized in the “Atlas of solar energy resources on the territory of Russia” (2011), “Atlas of renewable energy resources on the territory of Russia” (2015) and Geographic Information System “Renewable Energy Sources of Russia” - www.gisre.ru. These results are the basis for choosing efficient sites for the construction of solar power plants and autonomous solar-diesel power plants in Russia.
O.S. Popel developed methods for mathematical modeling of the functioning of photovoltaic power plants and optimization of their configurations and equipment composition, taking into account climatic operating conditions and load schedules, which became the basis for designing and justifying the generation and technical and economic indicators of photovoltaic power plants.
In 2011, Oleg Sergeevich Popel was awarded the title of laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation for his work “Development and implementation of efficient technologies for the use of renewable and non-traditional energy sources in small-scale power generation”.
Oleg Sergeevich - Member of the Council on Grants under the Government, Head of the Expert Group on Energy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Head of the Working Group of the Scientific Coordination Council of the Federal Target Program "Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia for 2014-2020" in the priority area "Energy Efficiency" , Energy Saving, Nuclear Energy”, Head of the Expert Council of the Technological Platform “Small Distributed Energy”, a member of the Expert Councils of the Technological Platform “Advanced Renewable Energy Technologies”, the Skolkovo Foundation, RFBR, is a member of the editorial board of the journals “Alternative Energy and Ecology” and “Energy : economics, technology, ecology”.
Oleg Sergeevich Popel is one of the key organizers of the REENCON International Congress "Renewable Energy - XXI Century: Energy and Economic Efficiency". Having great experience international cooperation, Oleg Sergeevich is invited as an expert of the UNECE, scientific programs European Union, as a scientific consultant to scientific centers of Cuba, Mexico, South Korea and other countries. Oleg Sergeyevich, as a visiting professor at Ulster University (UK), participates in joint projects with research centers in Germany (DLR), Spain (CIEMAT), USA (SNL), South Korea (KIER) and others within the framework of international programs and contracts .
Dear Oleg Sergeevich! Congratulations on a significant date - your 70th birthday!
From the Editorial Board, the editors of the journal, please accept sincere wishes good health, happiness, joy, family well-being, good luck and new achievements in scientific activity. We are sure that your inexhaustible energy will bring many more benefits to the cause to which you have devoted your whole life, multiplying and improving the results. We wish you and your loved ones always "renewable energy"!
Rational use natural resources, the development and implementation of technical solutions for creating infrastructure is not only a complex scientific and engineering task, but also the potential for the development of domestic high technologies and strengthening the country's export potential. Transport accessibility and harsh climatic conditions are one of the key problems in the development of the region. Today, the energy sector of the region is built mainly on the use of combustible fuel consumed by diesel-electric power stations and, less often, gas turbine plants. For the needs of heat supply, coal, fuel oil, wood are used. A significant share of energy carriers is imported from other regions.
One of the ways to reduce the cost of fuel delivery to remote areas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and increase their energy security is to use local energy resources, primarily wind, solar, small rivers and biomass. In recent years, technologies for the use of these renewable energy sources (RES) have developed significantly and have demonstrated competitiveness with respect to traditional energy technologies based on the use of fossil fuels. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the heterogeneity of the distribution of these types of local resources in the region, which determines the importance of their correct assessment at the location of the consumer. In addition, a scientifically based selection of equipment is required both in terms of power, optimal configuration and composition of units, and the possibility of its use in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic.
Potential for Renewable Energy Resources in the Russian Arctic
Local resources, including renewable energy sources, are many times greater than current and prospective energy consumption in the Arctic. The question of choosing one or another energy source and a particular technology is determined by technical and economic considerations and the level of technology readiness for use in local climatic conditions, taking into account the characteristics of energy consumers. When choosing a site for the construction of power plants, their design and performance forecast, objective initial data on renewable energy resources are required, preferably with maximum coverage of the territory and high spatial resolution. For wind and solar energy resources, the main data sources are the results of long-term ground-based actinometric and meteorological measurements in a given region, as well as the results of processing reanalysis and mathematical modeling data presented in global databases, the leading place among which is NASA SSE.
Almost everywhere in the Arctic, especially in coastal zones, there are huge wind energy resources: in some areas, the average annual wind speed exceeds 5–7 m/s, which is considered an extremely favorable condition for the cost-effective use of wind energy. For a number of regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk region, the Komi Republic, etc.), potentially significant for the production of thermal and electrical energy can become biomass resources, primarily waste from the forestry and woodworking industries.
Local resources, including renewable energy sources, are many times greater than current and prospective energy consumption in the Arctic
Potential energy consumers
The most significant consumers of energy in the Arctic region are the settlements that support the activities of forest industry enterprises, mining and metallurgical and oil and gas complexes, military facilities, as well as the bases and enterprises themselves. The peak power consumption of electrical energy for such facilities varies significantly and can range from 20–30 kW (Ust-Olenek village in the north of Yakutia) to 8–10 MW (Tiksi village). At the same time, it should be taken into account that load curves are of a pronounced seasonal nature, because a significant share of energy is consumed either directly (through electric heating systems) or indirectly (through power supply to local boiler house pumps) for heat supply needs.
In conditions of great distance settlements from each other, as well as the passage of an important transport artery in the region - the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the power supply of navigation and communication objects is of great importance.
For the region, especially in summer time, also characterized by the presence of a significant number of consumers living and working outside the settlements. First of all, this applies to the indigenous peoples of the North, engaged in reindeer herding. The problem of meeting the needs in terms of energy supply for communications, camp or parking lighting, use household appliances it is also typical for tourists, geologists, fishermen, hunters, military personnel. The presence of such consumers makes it very important to develop both light and compact energy storage devices and means of charging them in the field.
The possibilities of using RES for power supply of the designated groups of consumers are determined by their operating modes and conditions at their locations. At the same time, for housing and communal services facilities, bases and enterprises, it is advisable to use wind power plants, in combination with diesel generators and / or electric energy storage devices, since consumer objects operate all year round, including during the polar night.
A number of navigation systems and civil portable power plants can be classified as seasonal systems. In this case, solar panels can be successfully used, which have a number of advantages over wind turbines: more predictable electricity generation depending on weather conditions, less dependence on location within the region, the possibility of more flexible change in plant power, higher mobility.
Experience in the use of RES in the Arctic zone
Since the early 2000s, power plants using renewable energy sources have been created and operated in the region. The most famous and largest RES-based power plant is the Anadyr wind farm at Cape Observation. The total installed capacity of wind turbines reaches 2.5 MW.
According to the Geographic Information System "RES of Russia", there are enough a large number of small combined power plants using solar and wind energy. The northernmost and newest of them, peak power 8 kW, located at Cape Zhelaniya, it was built with the participation of Rosneft and is operated by employees of the Russian Arctic National Park. A wind-diesel power plant with a capacity of 100 kW is operating at Cape Set-Navolok.
Comprehensive development of wind-diesel energy in the Russian Far North and Far East is carried out by OAO Peredvizhnaya Energetika. One of the wind turbines with a capacity of 250 kW is located in the town of Labytnangi of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, another 7 units with a total capacity of up to 3.4 MW are planned for construction in Kamchatka, a wind-diesel station is being designed for the village of Chokurdakh, one of the major administrative centers of Northern Yakutia. Wind monitoring is already underway at the sites chosen for the location of the stations in order to substantiate the optimal equipment configurations.
Within the framework of domestic and international programs to replace radioisotope generators as power sources for navigation signs, the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" and hydrographic services installed more than 50 power plants based on photovoltaic modules, nickel-cadmium batteries and small wind turbines, mainly along the coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Strait. The power of a single installation is from 100 to 500 watts. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), work is also underway to provide power to reindeer farms with mobile photovoltaic systems.
Popel Oleg Sergeevich- born in 1948, engineer-thermophysicist (MPEI - 1971, postgraduate student of MPEI - 1974), doctor of technical sciences, deputy director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS) for scientific work, head of the Research Center of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS "Physico-technical problems of energy". He has been working at JIHT RAS since 1973.Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology (2011) for "Development and implementation of efficient technologies for the use of renewable and non-traditional energy sources in small-scale power generation."
Author of 5 monographs and textbooks, more than 300 scientific papers and more than 30 patents, including the author of the book "Energy in the Modern World", publishing house "Intellect", 2010 (co-authored with Academician V.E. Fortov). Laureate of the Prize of the International Academic Company "Nauka/Interperiodika" for the best scientific publication in 2012 in the journal "Heat power engineering".
Under the leadership of O.S. Popel developed the "Atlas of Solar Energy Resources in Russia (JIHT RAS, 2010) and the Geographic Information System "Renewable Energy Sources of Russia" - www.gis-vie.ru (together with the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov).
Under the leadership of O.S. Popel, a number of projects have been implemented on the practical application of renewable energy sources in various regions of the country, including at the facilities of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in Dagestan, in Armenia, in Moscow, a number of developments have been prepared for commercialization.
Member of the editorial boards of the journals: Thermal Power Engineering, Alternative Energy and Ecology, and Energy: Economics, Technology, Ecology.
Chairman of the Scientific Council of the OEMMPU RAS on non-traditional renewable energy sources. Member of the Council for Grants of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Head of the Working Group of the Scientific Coordinating Council of the Federal Target Program "Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia for 2014-2020" of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the priority area "Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving, Nuclear Energy".
Head of the Expert Council of the Technological Platform "Small Distributed Energy", member of the Expert Councils of the Technological Platform "Advanced Renewable Energy Technologies", RFBR and the Skolkovo Foundation.
Member of the Scientific and Technical Councils of JSC INTER RAO UES, JSC RAO ES of the East and JSC VTI.
He is co-head of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov Scientific and Educational Center "Renewable Energy Sources".
Over the past 5 years, he was the head of 7 government contracts and 3 RFBR projects. Under the scientific guidance of Popel O.S. 4 candidate dissertations were defended.
Popel O.S. was repeatedly invited as an expert and scientific consultant to the scientific centers of Cuba, Mexico, South Korea and other countries. He was invited as a visiting professor at Ulster University (UK), has experience in international cooperation with research centers in Germany (DLR), Spain (CIEMAT), USA (SNL), South Korea (KIER) and others in the framework of international projects and contracts.
