Coefficient of loosening during the dismantling of concrete. How to calculate the volume of garbage Volumetric weight of garbage from the dismantling of reinforced concrete

In the process of dismantling (dismantling) buildings or structures or individual structural elements, as well as when performing construction and installation and repair construction works returnable materials are formed, returnable materials with a residual value - scrap metal and firewood or construction waste. It is possible that before the start of repair or construction (reconstruction) there is uncollected garbage at the construction site. In this case, the cost of garbage collection is taken into account in budget documentation on the basis of an act signed by representatives of the customer, the operating and design organizations, as well as the contractor, if it has already been determined, and then approved by the investor or customer. The act indicates the amount of garbage and its hazard class. In this case, based on the data from the act, a local estimate is drawn up, which takes into account the costs of developing waste and loading it into a vehicle, transporting it to a storage site or a landfill, and a fee for receiving and processing waste at a landfill.

Construction waste is also generated in the process of construction and installation or repair and construction works:

From the dismantling of buildings and structures, their individual structural elements or engineering and technological equipment;
From punching openings and holes;
From that part of the materials that cannot be used in the production process (hardened in vehicles concrete mix or mortar, fragments of bricks, small blocks and others wall materials etc.);
Hard-to-remove losses and waste (end waste, scraps of materials in the manufacture of long parts (products);
When cutting materials due to the non-multiplicity of the dimensions of structures with the dimensions of the materials used (plates, sheets, etc.).
From packages, props and non-returnable containers used in the transportation of materials and equipment (classification of containers as returnable or non-returnable is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract) for the purchase of inventories);
As a result of maintenance of construction workers - municipal solid waste.

The costs of dismantling (dismantling) buildings and structures, their individual structural elements or punching holes are determined according to the collection. There are 2 ways to dismantle buildings and structures:

with preservation (elemental disassembly)
without preservation of suitable materials (collapse).

The dismantling method is determined by the construction organization project. Additionally, only the costs of dismantling heating systems, hot and cold water supply can be taken into account.

When determining the costs of cleaning materials from the dismantling of buildings and structures, engineering equipment or individual structures, as well as from punching openings and holes, the following data must be taken into account:

costs for horizontal and vertical (lowering through the window in the trays)
movement of garbage and materials from dismantling in buildings and structures (at a distance of up to 80 m) to the place of their storage within construction site object at a distance of up to 50 m from buildings and structures
vertical transport of waste obtained during the dismantling and repair of structures is taken into account for buildings up to 15 m high;
with a higher height of the repaired buildings, additional costs for vertical transport should be taken into account;
costs paid separately:
the cost of packing garbage into bags;
the cost of the bags;
descent of garbage with manual removal on a stretcher or in bags;
the work of two workers when packing garbage into bags, or according to timing.

In the case when the actual distance for the removal of garbage exceeds the weighted average total 80 + 50 m, in the estimate documentation should include the cost of its additional movement within the construction site. When calculating the actual distance for carrying garbage (normalized to horizontal), it must be taken into account that when garbage is lowered from the floors or coverings of a building, 8 m should be added to the actual length of the distance traveled for each meter of descent.

In the event that the construction (repair) organization project justifies the cramped conditions for dismantling work, then the recommended coefficients for the remuneration of workers and for the costs of operating machines apply to loading operations. For the costs of transporting structures from disassembly, construction debris etc. outside the construction site, as well as the costs of unloading these materials outside the construction site (site overhaul) the above coefficients do not apply.

The volumetric mass of construction debris should be taken averaged in a dense body of structures according to the following standards:

When disassembling concrete structures- 2400 kg/m3;
When disassembling reinforced concrete structures- 2500 kg/m3;
When disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating plaster and facing tiles- 1800 kg/m3;
When disassembling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg / m3;
When performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3;
When disassembling metal structures and engineering and technological equipment, it is taken according to design data.

O b The volume of construction debris from the dismantling (destruction) of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is much larger than the volume of these structures in a dense body, and therefore the volumetric mass of debris was taken as 1800 kg/m3. In cases where in the estimate documentation the mass of construction waste is taken according to the volume of reinforced concrete structures being dismantled in a dense body, the costs of transporting construction waste should also be calculated based on the mass of structures in a dense body - 2500 kg / m3.

The cost of loading construction debris and materials unsuitable for further application formed as a result of dismantling of buildings, structures and equipment into a vehicle and its removal from the construction site to the place of storage or to a landfill are determined according to the current tariffs and are taken into account in local estimates.

"Regulations on the customer in the construction of facilities for state needs in the territory Russian Federation"It is prescribed that the customer must report in the initial data for the design of the place for the removal and storage of excess soil, construction waste and materials from disassembly that are unsuitable for further use. Based on these data, the distance for removal of soil and construction waste from the construction site is determined. In the case when as part of the initial data for design, the customer does not indicate the place of removal or storage of excess soil, construction debris, in local estimates, the costs of their transportation from the construction site to the place of its disposal (processing) or temporary storage should be taken on the basis of the scheme of the optimal route for the movement of vehicles on Based on the above data, a local estimate is compiled, which takes into account the costs of loading garbage into a vehicle, transportation to a storage site or landfill, and fees for receiving and processing waste at a landfill. sorting should be taken into account in local estimates without highlighting the remuneration of drivers. The costs associated with the demolition or dismantling of buildings and structures are taken into account in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from the dismantling of the construction site of the consolidated estimate calculation of the cost of construction.

In the absence of the necessary norms or unit prices, the costs of dismantling or dismantling are determined according to the relevant norms or unit prices for construction and special construction, installation or repair and construction work, applying to the relevant elements from the norm, as well as to funds for wages and costs for operation of construction machines and mechanisms specified in the unit price, reducing coefficients. When dismantling prefabricated concrete, reinforced concrete or wooden structures this coefficient is assumed to be 0.8, metal structures- 0.7, outdoor pipeline networks-0.6, and internal - 0.4.

The costs of dismantling or removing structures from their working position, releasing structures from fastening and removing loads, as well as subsequent installation, are not included in the prices.

The costs associated with the removal of debris resulting from the dismantling of structures during the reconstruction of buildings and structures should be taken into account in the procedure for the application of federal unit rates for construction and special construction work.

When dismantling the equipment, the value of the specified coefficient depends on its further use. So, if further use of the equipment is expected after its long-term storage, a coefficient of 0.7 is accepted, without the need for storage - 0.6. This provision also applies to work on the dismantling of the cable with its subsequent installation along a new route (rerouting); - the equipment is not subject to further use (intended for scrap) with disassembly and cutting into pieces - 0.5; - the same, without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. If the dismantled equipment is not subject to further use, then when it is disassembled and cut into pieces, a coefficient of 0.5 is taken, and without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. The indicated coefficients do not apply to the cost material resources taken into account when installing the equipment. The consumption of material resources actually used during the dismantling of equipment is taken into account additionally when drawing up a local estimate for dismantling (in fact, for similar types of work). The coefficients for the cost of dismantling the equipment are established from the condition of its dismantling (dismantling) in an unsecured state, freed from fixings in the structure, as well as from welding or other fastening with other structural elements.

Additional costs associated with punching and sealing furrows, nest niches in existing structures, in which the dismantled (disassembled) equipment is embedded, as well as cutting of embedded parts or elements of metal structures to which it is welded, should be taken into account additionally in local estimates based on design solutions or survey reports.

If during the dismantling (dismantling) of the equipment it becomes necessary to supply scaffolding to support the dismantled equipment during its dismantling (dismantling), additional work for the installation and dismantling of supporting scaffolding should be taken into account in local estimates additionally. When determining estimated cost dismantling of equipment by applying reduction factors to the cost of installation (excluding the cost of material resources), additionally, only those types of work that were not provided for in the scope of work and taken into account in the norm (price) for the installation of this type of equipment can be additionally taken into account. The rates (prices) for the installation of luminaires take into account the installation of brackets and the connection of luminaires, therefore, when determining the cost of dismantling luminaires, the dismantling of brackets and disconnecting the luminaire from the network are not additionally taken into account.

In cases where unit prices are not provided for the installation (arrangement) of structures subject to dismantling (dismantling) according to the project, dismantling costs may be included in the estimate documentation at individual unit prices developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure. In cases where structures, materials and products obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings and structures are recognized as suitable for reuse, then in local estimates their return value is given at the price of a possible sale (determined by market conditions and limited only by the value of the cost of a similar cost of a new material or product), minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a condition suitable for reuse and delivery to places of storage or sale. The cost of returnable packaging included in the cost of equipment and other material resources is accounted for in a similar manner.

Accounting for construction waste and the return of materials from disassembly in the estimate documentation.

The amount of refunds at the preparation stage project documentation it is allowed to determine according to the expert assessment of the customer, reflected by him in the design assignment or the initial data for the development of estimate documentation. All return materials received at the facility are the property of the customer (the owner of the facility) and are used by him for their intended purpose. The volume of receipt of returnable materials, products and construction waste generated at the facilities is determined by the design and estimate documentation or based on the results of a survey of the dismantled structures. Returnable amounts of materials received from the dismantling of temporary pipelines for water supply, gas pipelines, etc. should be determined on the basis of the act, which should establish the state of materials from disassembly, the amount of inevitable losses during the dismantling of the pipeline. The cost of pipes during the dismantling of a temporary pipeline should be taken at the average selling prices prevailing in the region, minus the costs of bringing them into a fit condition for reuse and delivery to storage sites. Based on established practice, the refundable amounts, taking into account the cost of materials from the dismantling of temporary pipelines, is about 80% of the cost of materials for their installation. If the sheet piling installation is accepted in the local estimate without taking into account the turnover of piles, and the sheet pile is removed, then the volume of return of the sheet pile is taken into account in the amount of 85% of the mass of the sheet piles to be removed.

The percentage of yield of a suitable stone to determine its return value at the rate and price is approximately recommended to be taken at a rate of 60%. The actual yield of a suitable stone for further use is determined at the place of work and is documented by the relevant act.

The possibility of reusing materials from the dismantling of water supply and sewerage networks is established by an act between the customer and the contractor.

The refundable amounts from the delivery of scrap metal are taken into account by the calculation by excluding from the scrap metal acceptance price established by the Vtorchermet base the costs of loading and delivering scrap metal from the construction site to the scrap metal collection point.

The amount of asphalt concrete scrap or crumbs obtained as a result of dismantling asphalt concrete pavement, is determined at the place of work and is drawn up by the relevant act. When determining the refundable amounts, one should additionally take into account the costs of its loading, if it is not taken into account by the price for dismantling, and the transportation of asphalt concrete scrap to a regeneration or asphalt concrete plant.

The cost of secondary raw materials (firewood, crushed stone, etc.) obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings is taken into account in a similar manner.

The return cost of dismantled heating boilers in the estimates should be taken into account conditionally at the rate of at least 30% of the selling price for the types of boilers being dismantled. If it is impossible to use or sell materials from dismantling or associated mining, their cost in refundable amounts is not taken into account. Refundable amounts are not excluded from the result of the estimate calculation (estimate), the object estimate calculation (estimate) and the summary estimate calculation of the construction cost. The refundable amounts from the sale of materials, parts, equipment and production and household equipment, received from the dismantling of temporary buildings and structures on the balance sheet of the customer, are determined by calculations that take into account the sale of these materials and parts at the current price level (minus the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivery to storage areas). The agreement (contract) establishes the responsibility of the contractor for obtaining returnable materials in the amount and range specified in the project documentation, as well as the procedure for their use.

Materials from the dismantling of non-title temporary structures are taken into account on the basis of internal acts of any form approved by the management of the contractor.

The costs of cleaning up construction (technological) waste generated during the period of work (hard-to-remove losses and waste, non-returnable packaging and household waste), loading and transporting it to a landfill or to a place of processing are related to the costs of organizing work at construction sites, which are taken into account in as part of the overhead costs. Therefore, they are not subject to additional accounting in the estimate documentation.

Accounting in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from dismantling is provided. Payment for the services provided for placement and processing at the sites specialized organization construction debris and materials from dismantling, unsuitable for further use, is taken into account in the estimate documentation (other costs). Volumes of construction debris and other waste construction industry, their hazard class are accepted according to the regulations for the management of construction waste, which should be part of the project documentation.

In the process of dismantling (dismantling) buildings or structures or individual structural elements, as well as during construction and installation and repair and construction work, returnable materials are formed, returnable materials with a residual value - scrap metal and firewood or construction waste. It is possible that before the start of repair or construction (reconstruction) there is uncollected garbage at the construction site. In this case, the costs of garbage collection are taken into account in the estimate documentation on the basis of an act signed by representatives of the customer, the operating and design organizations, as well as the contractor, if it has already been determined, and then approved by the investor or customer. The act indicates the amount of garbage and its hazard class. In this case, based on the data from the act, a local estimate is drawn up, which takes into account the costs of developing waste and loading it into a vehicle, transporting it to a storage site or a landfill, and a fee for receiving and processing waste at a landfill.

Construction waste is also generated in the process of construction and installation or repair and construction works:

From the dismantling of buildings and structures, their individual structural elements or engineering and technological equipment;
From punching openings and holes;
From that part of the materials that cannot be used in the production process (concrete mixture or mortar hardened in vehicles, fragments of bricks, small blocks and other wall materials, etc.);
Hard-to-remove losses and waste (end waste, scraps of materials in the manufacture of long parts (products);
When cutting materials due to the non-multiplicity of the dimensions of structures with the dimensions of the materials used (plates, sheets, etc.).
From packages, props and non-returnable containers used in the transportation of materials and equipment (classification of containers as returnable or non-returnable is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract) for the purchase of inventories);
As a result of maintenance of construction workers - municipal solid waste.

The costs of disassembling (), their individual structural elements or punching holes are determined by the collection. There are 2 ways to dismantle buildings and structures:

with preservation (elemental disassembly)
without preservation of suitable materials (collapse).

The dismantling method is determined by the construction organization project. Additionally, only the costs of dismantling heating systems, hot and cold water supply can be taken into account.

When determining the costs of cleaning up materials from the dismantling of buildings and structures, engineering equipment or individual structures, as well as from punching openings and holes, the following data must be taken into account:

costs for horizontal and vertical (lowering through the window in the trays)
movement of garbage and materials from dismantling in buildings and structures (at a distance of up to 80 m) to the place of their storage within the construction site of the facility at a distance of up to 50 m from buildings and structures
vertical transport of waste obtained during the dismantling and repair of structures is taken into account for buildings up to 15 m high;
with a higher height of the repaired buildings, additional costs for vertical transport should be taken into account;
costs paid separately:
the cost of packing garbage into bags;
the cost of the bags;
descent of garbage with manual removal on a stretcher or in bags;
the work of two workers when packing garbage into bags, or according to timing.

In the event that the actual distance for the removal of garbage exceeds the weighted average total of 80 + 50 m, the estimate documentation should include the cost of its additional movement within the construction site. When calculating the actual distance for carrying garbage (normalized to horizontal), it must be taken into account that when garbage is lowered from the floors or coverings of a building, 8 m should be added to the actual length of the distance traveled for each meter of descent.

In the event that the construction (repair) organization project justifies the cramped conditions for dismantling work, then the recommended coefficients for the remuneration of workers and for the costs of operating machines apply to loading operations. For the costs of transporting structures from dismantling, construction debris, etc. outside the construction of the facility, as well as the costs of unloading these materials outside the construction site (overhaul site), the above coefficients do not apply.

The volumetric mass of construction debris should be taken averaged in a dense body of structures according to the following standards:

When disassembling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3;
When disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3;
When disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg / m3;
When disassembling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg / m3;
When performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3;
When disassembling metal structures and engineering and technological equipment, it is taken according to design data.

The costs of loading construction waste and materials unsuitable for further use, resulting from the dismantling of buildings, structures and equipment, into a vehicle and its removal from the construction site to a storage site or to a landfill are determined according to the current tariffs and are taken into account in local estimates.

The "Regulations on the customer in the construction of facilities for state needs on the territory of the Russian Federation" prescribes that the customer must report in the initial data for the design of the place of removal and storage of excess soil, construction waste and materials from dismantling unsuitable for further use. Based on these data, the distance of removal of soil and construction debris from the construction site is determined. In the event that the customer does not indicate the place of removal or storage of excess soil, construction waste as part of the initial data for design, in local estimates the costs of transporting them from the construction site to the place of its disposal (processing) or temporary storage should be taken on the basis of the optimal route scheme movement of vehicles on this route or act. Based on the above data, a local estimate is compiled, which takes into account the costs of loading garbage into a vehicle, transportation to a storage site or a landfill, and fees for receiving and processing waste at a landfill. Transportation costs should be taken into account in local estimates without highlighting the remuneration of drivers. The costs associated with the demolition or dismantling of buildings and structures are taken into account in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from the dismantling of the construction site of the consolidated estimate calculation of the cost of construction.

In the absence of the necessary norms or unit prices, the costs of dismantling or dismantling are determined according to the relevant norms or unit prices for construction and special construction, installation or repair and construction work, applying to the relevant elements from the norm, as well as to funds for wages and costs for operation of construction machines and mechanisms specified in the unit price, reducing coefficients. When dismantling prefabricated concrete, reinforced concrete or wooden structures, this coefficient is taken as 0.8, metal structures - 0.7, external pipeline networks - 0.6, and internal - 0.4.

When dismantling the equipment, the value of the specified coefficient depends on its further use. So, if further use of the equipment is expected after its long-term storage, a coefficient of 0.7 is accepted, without the need for storage - 0.6. This provision also applies to work on the dismantling of the cable with its subsequent installation along a new route (rerouting); - the equipment is not subject to further use (intended for scrap) with disassembly and cutting into pieces - 0.5; - the same, without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. If the dismantled equipment is not subject to further use, then when it is disassembled and cut into pieces, a coefficient of 0.5 is taken, and without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. These coefficients do not apply to the cost of material resources taken into account during the installation of equipment. The consumption of material resources actually used during the dismantling of equipment is taken into account additionally when drawing up a local estimate for dismantling (in fact, for similar types of work). The coefficients for the cost of dismantling the equipment are established from the condition of its dismantling (dismantling) in an unsecured state, freed from fixings in the structure, as well as from welding or other fastening with other structural elements.

Additional costs associated with punching and sealing grooves, nest niches in existing structures, in which dismantled (disassembled) equipment is embedded, as well as cutting embedded parts or metal structural elements to which it is welded, should be taken into account additionally in local estimates based on design decisions, or survey reports.

If, during dismantling (dismantling) of equipment, it becomes necessary to supply scaffolding to support the dismantled equipment during its dismantling (dismantling), additional work on the installation and dismantling of supporting scaffolding should be taken into account additionally in local estimates. When determining the estimated cost of dismantling equipment by applying reduction factors to the cost of installation (excluding the cost of material resources), additionally, only those types of work that were not provided for in the scope of work and taken into account in the norm (price) for the installation of this type of equipment can be additionally taken into account. The rates (prices) for the installation of luminaires take into account the installation of brackets and the connection of luminaires, therefore, when determining the cost of dismantling luminaires, the dismantling of brackets and disconnecting the luminaire from the network are not additionally taken into account.

In cases where unit prices are not provided for the installation (arrangement) of structures subject to dismantling (dismantling) according to the project, dismantling costs may be included in the estimate documentation at individual unit prices developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure. In cases where structures, materials and products obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings and structures are recognized as suitable for reuse, then their return value is given in local estimates at the price of a possible sale (determined by market conditions and limited only by the value of the cost of a similar cost of a new material or product), less from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a condition suitable for reuse and delivery to places of storage or sale. The cost of returnable packaging included in the cost of equipment and other material resources is accounted for in a similar manner.

Accounting for construction waste and the return of materials from disassembly in the estimate documentation.

The amount of refundable amounts at the stage of preparation of project documentation may be determined according to the expert assessment of the customer, reflected by him in the design assignment or the initial data for the development of estimate documentation. All return materials received at the facility are the property of the customer (the owner of the facility) and are used by him for their intended purpose. The volume of receipt of returnable materials, products and construction waste generated at the facilities is determined by the design and estimate documentation or based on the results of a survey of the dismantled structures. Returnable amounts of materials received from the dismantling of temporary pipelines for water supply, gas pipelines, etc. should be determined on the basis of the act, which should establish the state of materials from disassembly, the amount of inevitable losses during the dismantling of the pipeline. The cost of pipes during the dismantling of a temporary pipeline should be taken at the average selling prices prevailing in the region, minus the costs of bringing them into a fit condition for reuse and delivery to storage sites. Based on established practice, the refundable amounts, taking into account the cost of materials from the dismantling of temporary pipelines, is about 80% of the cost of materials for their installation. If the sheet piling installation is accepted in the local estimate without taking into account the turnover of piles, and the sheet pile is removed, then the volume of return of the sheet pile is taken into account in the amount of 85% of the mass of the sheet piles to be removed.

The possibility of reusing materials from the dismantling of water supply and sewerage networks is established by an act between the customer and the contractor.

The amount of asphalt concrete scrap or chips obtained as a result of disassembling the asphalt concrete pavement is determined at the work site and is documented by the relevant act. When determining the refundable amounts, one should additionally take into account the costs of its loading, if it is not taken into account by the price for dismantling, and the transportation of asphalt concrete scrap to a regeneration or asphalt concrete plant.

The cost of secondary raw materials (firewood, crushed stone, etc.) obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings is taken into account in a similar manner.

Materials from the dismantling of non-title temporary structures are taken into account on the basis of internal acts of any form approved by the management of the contractor.

Accounting in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from dismantling is provided. The payment for the services provided for the placement and processing of construction waste and materials from dismantling unsuitable for further use at the sites of a specialized organization is taken into account in the estimate documentation (other costs). The volumes of construction waste and other construction waste, their hazard class are accepted according to the regulations for the management of construction waste, which should be part of the project documentation.

Reinforced concrete and products from it (reinforced concrete products) - extra strong construction material. It has a lot of advantages and only one drawback - very big weight. This has to be put up with both at the stage of designing or erecting objects, and when dismantling reinforced concrete structures in the process of dismantling.

Types of reinforced concrete

The weight of reinforced concrete products directly depends on the density of the material itself. Since concrete, their main component, has its own density classification, reinforced concrete products are also usually divided into several types:

1. Particularly heavy - high specific gravity more than 2500 kg/m3 they are provided with magnetite, limonite, barite and other heavy aggregates. Not used in civil engineering.

2. Heavy - density from 2200 kg / m3 and above have compositions familiar to us with the addition of crushed stone or gravel.

3. Lightweight - as a rule, these are the same heavy concretes with metal reinforcement, but with through cavities that reduce average weight structures up to 1800 kg for each 1 m3.

4. Lightweight - a specific gravity of 500 kg / m3 has cellular, expanded clay, perlite and polystyrene concrete, which can also be reinforced with reinforcement.

It should be remembered that the actual density of concrete in a reinforced structure will depend not only on the composition of the solution, but also on the method of pouring it. Compaction of still wet mix vibration machines makes reinforced concrete heavier by about 100 kg/m3.

Reinforcement features

ordinary concrete, although it has high strength, remains a rather fragile material. Coping well with compressive loads, it is easily destroyed by bending and torsion. But it is precisely such an impact that beams, spans of bridges and floor panels experience. In order for the structure to acquire the necessary bending strength, reinforcement with steel rods is used in reinforced concrete.

Thanks to metal reinforcement, the crack resistance and mechanical strength of reinforced concrete products triple, increasing the service life of the entire system. But in order for the improved characteristics of reinforced concrete to be evenly distributed, hardening is performed according to certain schemes. As a rule, the rods are placed in the body in the form of a three-dimensional grid with a mesh size of 100-200 mm.

The bars can be tied together with thinner steel wire, and then its presence in the calculation of the density of reinforced concrete can be neglected. But in large structures, instead of wire rod, segments of the same reinforcement are used. In this case additional elements will have to be taken into account.

Density of w / w

To determine it, you can take as a basis the proportions of the solution in units of mass. It is enough to exclude water from the calculation, which in a month will completely leave the array in order to obtain a completely accurate density of the monolith. It is allowed to use approximate data if the brand of concrete used in reinforced concrete products is known:

The selected reinforcement scheme also affects the weight of 1 m3 of reinforced concrete. Here the number of rods in the body of reinforced concrete and their cross section play a role. These parameters allow you to find out the internal volume that the steel reinforcement occupies, and then calculate its mass.

Depending on the shape and purpose of the reinforced concrete structure, rods are used different diameter and stack them with a certain step. To determine the density of reinforced concrete, special accuracy is not needed, therefore, the amount of reinforcement in a cube of reinforced concrete can be taken approximately from the table:

Weight calculation

When the number of internal reinforcement and all density indicators are known, it is easy to determine the weight of 1 m3 of reinforced concrete. Subtract the average volume occupied by the steel bars from the cube to get the volume of the concrete itself. After that, it remains only to multiply the numbers by the specific gravity for each material and add the results.

The strip foundation made of M300 concrete is reinforced with rods with a diameter of 16 mm. The volume that the reinforcement will occupy in the cube of reinforced concrete:

π r2 L = 3.14 (0.008)2 16 = 0.003 m3;
the remaining 0.997 m3 is pure concrete.

Then the mass of reinforcing bars will be 0.003x7850 = 23.6 kg, and concrete 0.997x2400 = 2392.8 kg. We sum up the values and get the desired density of reinforced concrete: 23.6 + 2392.8 = 2416 kg / m3.

Such calculations must be made at the stage of designing the loads on the foundation even before the start of construction.

Another case where it is required to know the specific gravity of reinforced concrete structures is the demolition of a building with the subsequent removal of construction debris. Specialists of companies providing such services send their measurers to the site to assess the amount of work to be done. But you can do approximate calculations yourself if you arm yourself with a tape measure and a calculator.

Volume weight for reinforced concrete structures in these cases it is taken equal to 2500 kg/m3 and multiplied by the measurement data. The resulting tonnage of garbage will need to be paid, that is, to pay for dismantling, loading, removal by road and disposal.

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Indicators of density and specific gravity of 1 m3 of reinforced concrete

When designing structures, choosing lifting and transport vehicles, one of the the most important characteristics is the density of reinforced concrete. The method of calculating this indicator is simple, it allows you to quickly get the result and apply it in practice.

Reinforced concrete classification
Average density and weight
Total weight calculation

Features and types of reinforced concrete

Ordinary concrete resists compressive loads well, but it does not withstand tensile, bending, torsional stresses (even insignificant ones). Reinforced concrete demonstrates completely different qualities - fake diamond, reinforced with steel bars: tension is perceived by steel rods, and compression is perceived by the concrete component.

Metal fittings able to increase mechanical strength and resistance of the structure to cracks by 200%, thereby increasing its service life. To evenly distribute the load, the rods in the body of the concrete goods are placed in the form of a three-dimensional mesh frame with a cell size of 10-20 cm. Sometimes, not pieces of reinforcement, but thinner steel wire are used as transverse connecting elements in it.

In many ways, the ability to withstand loads determines the density of concrete products. Depending on it, reinforced concrete can be of several types:

especially heavy - barites, magnetites, metal scraps, hematites, limonites are chosen as fillers for it; density composite material above 2500 kg / m3 (especially heavy varieties are not used for civil structures);
heavy - with conventional fillers in the form of granite, lime, crushed gravel, cube weight - 1800-2500 kg;
lightweight - the same heavy reinforced, specific gravity concrete composition(1800 kg / m3) is reduced due to design features (there are technological through slots in the reinforced concrete products);
light - it is represented by varieties with a cellular structure (perlite, expanded clay, polystyrene concrete), which are also sometimes reinforced; the weight of a cubic meter of such material averages 500 kg.

Attention should also be paid to the method of manufacturing reinforced concrete. When using vibrating tables to compact a fresh mixture, each cube becomes heavier by about 100 kg.

Density and weight

The value of the density of the concrete part can be determined by a simplified method. Usually, when compiling a mixture, the weight of each of its components is set. Adding these indicators and excluding water from the sum (it gradually evaporates during solidification), the desired density is obtained. For approximate calculations, reference data is used depending on the brand of concrete for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products. The characteristics and scope of use of classic heavy concrete are shown in the table.

The weight of 1 m3 of concrete is also affected by the reinforcement scheme. This concept includes the diameter of the reinforcing rods or wire, as well as the distance between them (pitch). The weight of the metal frame in 1 m3 of reinforced concrete products is small: this can be seen from the reference table:

*Specific weight of reinforcing steel - 7850 kg/m3.

Weight calculation

Knowing the density indicators of the concrete and steel parts, it is easy to determine the final density of the reinforced concrete structure. For example, a calculation scheme is given for a floor made of M350 concrete with reinforcement from rods with a diameter of 18 mm. In the second table, the total length of steel rods is taken - 49 m.

1. The volume of reinforcement in 1 m3 of reinforced concrete is determined by the formula:

Va = (D2/4) *L, where:

D - rod diameter (18 mm = 0.018 m);
L is the total length of the rods (49 m).

After substitution, it turns out: Va \u003d (3.14 * 0.0182 / 4) * 49 \u003d 0.012 m3.

2. The volume of the concrete component that contains reinforced concrete is calculated: Vb = 1-Va = 1-0.012 = 0.088 m3.

3. The mass of reinforcement is calculated as the product of its volume and the specific gravity of steel: ma = 7850 * 0.012 = 94.2 kg.

4. The mass of the volume fraction of concrete is: mb \u003d 2412 * 0.988 \u003d 2384 kg.

5. The mass of reinforcement and concrete is summed up: 94.2 + 2384 = 2476.2 kg.

Reinforced concrete under given conditions has a density of 2476.2 kg.

Knowing how much 1 m3 of reinforced concrete weighs, determine the total mass of the structure, decomposing it, if necessary, into constituent elements. Such calculations must be performed during the design of the structure: they consider the weight load to find out whether the foundation can withstand it.

It is advisable to calculate the specific gravity and total mass of reinforced concrete products when purchasing materials for construction work in order to include the costs of their purchase and delivery in the overall calculation. When dismantling reinforced concrete structures, based on the weight of the dismantled parts of the building, the amount of work for dismantling and removing construction debris is determined. Usually, the calculation is performed by specialists of special service companies based on the results of measurements. count approximate weight garbage on your own will not be difficult. The density of reinforced concrete products is conditionally taken as 2500 kg / m3 and multiplied by the volume - the product of the measured dimensions of all nodes. The total tonnage is multiplied by the rates for dismantling, loading, transportation, disposal of the relevant products.

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Mass of garbage

4.10. FERr(TERr) does not take into account the costs of loading and removing construction waste and materials unsuitable for further use, obtained during the dismantling of structural elements of buildings and structures and engineering and technological equipment. These costs should be determined based on the current tariffs for the transportation of goods for construction, the mass of garbage in tons and the distance of its transportation from the construction site to the dump site, reflecting the costs in local estimates. The bulk density of construction debris should be taken averaged according to the following standards: - when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3; - when disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3; - when disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating off plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg/m3; - when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg/m3;

When performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3.

Note: - volumetric masses of construction debris from dismantling building structures are given from taking them into account in the dense body of structures;

The mass of dismantled metal structures and engineering and technological equipment is taken according to design data.

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Density of different types of reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel unique properties. Due to its strength, durability, reliability, he found wide application in the construction industry. The design takes into account many specifications, one of which is volumetric weight. The value of this value is required to calculate the load on the base for determining the heat loss of the monolith, the complexity of the work. Taken into account when estimating purchase and delivery costs the right amount material.

What types of reinforced concrete exist?
Density
Specific Gravity Calculation

Volumetric weight is directly related to density. The higher the value of this indicator, the greater the density of the concrete stone. It also depends on the fillers: their characteristics such as density, degree of bubble filling affect. In addition, the strength of the product is formed under the influence of the brand of cement.

Varieties

There are several types of reinforced concrete depending on its density:

1. Especially heavy (more than 2500 kg/m3). Magnetites, barites, hematites, metal scraps are used.

2. Heavy (from 1800 to 2500 kg/m3). The fillers of this brand are crushed stone and gravel.

3. Light (from 500 to 1800 kg/m3): sand, perlite, expanded clay, wood concrete and other components. To this type include foam concrete and aerated concrete.

4. Particularly light (less than 500 kg/m3).

Depending on the density, the area of \u200b\u200buse of the material varies. Lighter grades are suitable for thermal insulation. Lightweight ones are used as ready-made blocks. Heavy concrete is indispensable for laying foundations, building monolithic structures. Particularly heavy compositions are required in critical areas of armored caps, the construction of other protective objects. They are good at blocking radiation.

Actual and calculated density

In most cases, the actual density of reinforced concrete differs from the calculated value. The reason for this is the technology of its manufacture. During the construction of monolithic or prefabricated structures, air enters the mixture, which leads to the formation of concrete mortar different size cavities To improve the quality of the final product and its compaction, vibrocompression is used. The volumetric weight parameters indicated above are valid if this method was used in production.

In practice, this technology may not be suitable for certain reasons. During the construction of structures, a ready-made mortar is poured, which subsequently hardens. Density with this type of installation of reinforced concrete is reduced by an average of 100-150 kg/m3.

Specific gravity of reinforced concrete

It should be noted that the volumetric weight indicators correspond to the net mass of concrete. But to save performance characteristics under conditions of constant action of compressive and tensile forces, it is strengthened metal frame. It is a spatial frame made of welded steel bars. During the production of reinforced concrete structures, the solution is firmly connected to the reinforcement, creating a complete material. The density will be affected by the number and cross section of the rods, as well as the way they are laid.

Various types of reinforcement are used for reinforcement, class AIII is often used. Depending on the required strength, the number of steel bars for laying is determined. 1 m3 of reinforced concrete can contain from 70 to 320 kg of reinforcement.

To calculate the specific gravity of the finished product, the volume occupied by steel bars should be determined. Then subtract the mass of concrete that is able to occupy it. To the value obtained, add the mass of the reinforcing bar. If difficulties arise, you can add the constituent components minus the evaporating water.

Demolition and dismantling of buildings leads to the formation a large number waste that needs to be removed in a timely manner. To manage time and transport most profitable way, it is necessary to calculate the volume and weight of the cargo to be exported. You can turn to specialists for calculations, or you can carry them out on your own.

Different types of waste also have different densities (mass to volume ratio). So, for example, the density polyurethane foam much less than the density of concrete, that is, from two containers of the same volume, one of which is filled with concrete and the other with foam, the container with concrete will be heavier.

Important! The carrying capacity of any vehicle is limited, as is the volume of containers, which means that the higher the accuracy of calculating the weight and volume of the exported cargo, the higher the likelihood of saving time and money.

Knowing the density of garbage is necessary to calculate its volume or mass. This data is needed to calculate logistics schemes: what load capacity vehicles will be used and how many cars (or flights for one car) will be needed, what volume of containers will be used.

For the convenience of calculations, the general average values of density for different types designs:

concrete - 2.4 t / m 3;
reinforced concrete - 2.5 t / m 3;
fragments of brick and stone, tiles, outdoor tiles, waste from the removal of plaster - 1.8 t / m 3;
wood, frame structures with backfill - 600 kg / m 3;
other construction debris (except for engineering and technological and metal structures) - 1200 kg / m 3.

Important! The calculation of the mass and density of engineering and technological structures and metal products is calculated in accordance with the information specified in the design documentation.

The above data refer to buildings "in a dense body", that is, not dismantled. The actual density of the disassembled structures will differ (t / m 3):

mixed waste (dismantling) - 1.6;
mixed waste (repair) - 0.16;
pieces of asbestos - 0.7;
broken brick - 1.9;
ceramic products - 1.7;
sand - 1.65;
asphalt pavement - 1,1;
insulation ( mineral wool) - 0,2;
steel products - 0.8;
cast iron products - 0.9;
plaster - 1.8;
gravel - 2;
fibreboard, chipboard - 0,65;
wood (window and door frames, plinth, panels) - 0.6;
linoleum (trimmings) - 1.8;
roofing material - 0.6.

Mass of a cubic meter of construction waste

To find out the mass of a cubic meter of construction waste, you need to refer to the data on the average density values presented above. Density shows how much mass a given volume has. the right material. For construction waste "as a whole" the average density is equal to 1.6 t/m 3 for mixed demolition waste, and 0.16 t/m 3 for repair waste. That is, one cubic meter of mixed waste from demolition will have a mass of 1.6 tons (1600 kg), and from repair - 0.16 tons (160 kg). The mass per cubic meter of other types of waste can also be easily calculated using their respective densities.

It is worth referring to the same values if the question arises “how to convert construction waste from cubic meters to tons?”. Knowing the density and volume a certain kind waste, you can calculate their mass by multiplying the density by the volume.

Share of construction waste

Specific gravity is the ratio of weight to volume occupied. Specific gravity is measured in N / m³ and is calculated by the formula mass (kg) * 9.8 m / s 2 / volume (m 2). For four cubic meters waste total weight in one ton, the specific gravity will be equal to:

1000 kg * 9.8m / s 2 / 4m 3 \u003d 2450 N / m³

Note! AT Everyday life for us there is no difference between weight and mass, the question “what is your weight?” is familiar to us, but when calculating it is important to remember that weight and mass are different physical quantities. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) and weight is measured in Newtons (N)

Other units of measurement are also used to indicate specific gravity:

CGS system - dyn / cm 3;
SI system - N / m 3;
MKSS system - kg / m 3.

To convert N / m 3 to other units, you can use the ratio:
1 N / m 3 \u003d 0.102 kg / m 3 \u003d 0.1 dyn / cm 3.

Important! Despite the fact that the values of density and specific gravity in some cases may coincide, it must be remembered that specific gravity is measured in N / m 3, and density - in kg / m 3.

How to count the construction waste of a dismantled building

Define building volume buildings in a "dense body" by multiplying the length, width and height of the house, taking into account the foundation and roof.
Calculate the actual volume of waste for export by multiplying the construction volume by the loosening factor equal to 2.0.
Calculate the mass of waste removed by multiplying the volume of the building in a "dense body" by the density of the type of garbage.
Depending on the resulting mass, determine the number of containers or machines (based on their carrying capacity) that will be needed to remove garbage for recycling.

For taking out a lung but bulk waste containers are usually used, for heavy (fragments of brick and concrete) heavy dump trucks are needed.

About how easy it is to load construction waste into containers and clean it adjoining territory using a small excavator, is described in the following video.

Calculating the amount of waste after the demolition of buildings is a rather complicated process, so it would be more logical to entrust it to professionals. But if you don't trust garbage collection companies, you can always check their calculations using the data in this article.

Fulfilling repair work, a person is always puzzled by the question of where to put construction waste. Often you can’t take it out with bags. Have to order movers and a car. To save on transport, you need to calculate how many cubes of waste you need to remove. It will help to correctly determine the weight of construction waste in 1 m3 table with indicators for each type of material. It can be used to calculate weight by volume and vice versa.

Construction waste density

Garbage is different. If you take the same volume of concrete and wood, then their weight will be completely different. Therefore, when planning a large cleaning, you need to know the proportion of construction waste in 1m3. Naturally, concrete will be much heavier than wood.

The density of materials is very important indicator. It is he who displays the specific gravity of construction waste in 1 m3. Having calculated the mass of waste through their density, you can easily determine the cubic capacity of cars that need to be ordered. And this, of course, depends on the cost of the service provided.

We present average indicators that measure the weight and volume of materials. Data are presented in tons per 1 m 3:

All of the above data relate to materials that consist of large debris or old structures. If we talk about disassembled and small parts, then the weight / cube is different:

The ratio of weight and volume

You can determine the volumetric weight of construction waste for estimates, as well as for calculations at the household level, using the table below.

Waste	Collection method	Volumetric weight, kg / m 3	Specific weight, kg/t
Garbage from building materials	in bulk	1200	0,83
Garbage household plan	in bulk	550	1,82
Edged wood waste	in bulk	400	2,86 – 1,82
Scraps of fabric	in bulk	350	2,86
Sawdust of wood origin	in bulk	250	4
Wet snow	in bulk	800	1,25
Slightly wet snow	in bulk	450	2,22
dry snow	in bulk	120	8,33
Slag from the boiler room	in bulk	750	1,33
Crushed brick	in bulk	1270	0,79
wood chips	in bulk	250	4
Electric wires	in bulk	500	2
Bituminous waste, tar and asphalt	in bulk	1300	0,77
Glass and porcelain battle	in bulk	2500	0,4
Paper	in rolls	500	2
Paper	bale	530	1,43
Paper	bundle	550	1,82
Pressed paper	bale	530	1.89
Empty bottles	in bulk	400	2,5
Rags, rags	bale	180	5,56
Large pieces of metal, pieces of pipes		600	1,67
	without packaging	500	2
Waste products from non-sheet glass		400	3,85 – 2
Cardboard waste	bale	700	1,43
Cardboard	bundle	430	2,33
Metal fragments of steel, cast iron, copper and brass	in bulk	2100	0,48
aluminum metal fragments	in bulk	700	1,43
Waste metal household oversized	in bulk	400	2,5
Small car parts	in bulk	500	2
Various furniture waste		300	3,33

Calculation methods

Before starting the dismantling of a building, thoughts arise about where to put the garbage. There is only one solution - order pickup. Everyone wants to know in advance how much it will cost financially. To do this, they first calculate how much garbage can be obtained from a structure that has not yet been dismantled. Main stages:

Required amount of equipment

Having determined the weight of the garbage, they proceed to the next stage - ordering equipment. If you correctly determine which car to order, you can save a lot by avoiding unnecessary expenses. It is the volume of waste (not weight) and the type of recycled materials that must be taken into account: containers are quite suitable for light waste. It includes bars, a tree of any kind, logs.

Heavy waste requires closed bins. After sorting, concrete fragments, broken bricks, and soil will go here.

When using a container, it is initially determined what capacity it should have in order for recycling to be as profitable as possible. They produce containers with a capacity of 20 m 3, 27 m 3, 30 m 3, 32 m 3. It remains to measure the amount of waste received and choose a more suitable option.

Similar actions are taken for the removal of heavy waste. When ordering dump trucks, you need to specify the volume that can be placed on the machine at a time, then it is easy to calculate how many walkers need to be completed.

It would seem that such a frivolous moment as garbage requires a rather responsible approach. The main factor in solving problems with waste disposal is the ability to correctly determine their volume and weight.

A correspondence table between these two values will come to the rescue. You can also use the online calculator, with which you can cope with the task much faster.