Reinforced concrete and products from it (reinforced concrete products) - extra strong construction material. It has a lot of advantages and only one drawback - very big weight. This has to be put up with both at the stage of designing or erecting objects, and during disassembly iron concrete structures during the dismantling process.
Types of reinforced concrete
The weight of reinforced concrete products directly depends on the density of the material itself. Since concrete, their main component, has its own density classification, reinforced concrete products are also usually divided into several types:
1. Particularly heavy - high specific gravity more than 2500 kg/m3 they are provided with magnetite, limonite, barite and other heavy aggregates. Not used in civil engineering.
2. Heavy - density from 2200 kg / m3 and above have compositions familiar to us with the addition of crushed stone or gravel.
3. Lightweight - as a rule, these are the same heavy concretes with metal reinforcement, but with through cavities that reduce average weight structures up to 1800 kg for each 1 m3.
4. Lightweight - a specific gravity of 500 kg / m3 has cellular, expanded clay, perlite and polystyrene concrete, which can also be reinforced with reinforcement.
It should be remembered that the actual density of concrete in a reinforced structure will depend not only on the composition of the solution, but also on the method of pouring it. Compaction of still wet mix vibration machines makes reinforced concrete heavier by about 100 kg/m3.
Reinforcement features
ordinary concrete, although it has high strength, remains a rather fragile material. Coping well with compressive loads, it is easily destroyed by bending and torsion. But it is precisely such an impact that beams, spans of bridges and floor panels experience. In order for the structure to acquire the necessary bending strength, reinforcement with steel rods is used in reinforced concrete.
Thanks to metal reinforcement, the crack resistance and mechanical strength of reinforced concrete products triple, increasing the service life of the entire system. But in order for the improved characteristics of reinforced concrete to be evenly distributed, hardening is performed according to certain schemes. As a rule, the rods are placed in the body in the form of a three-dimensional grid with a mesh size of 100-200 mm.
The bars can be tied together with thinner steel wire, and then its presence in the calculation of the density of reinforced concrete can be neglected. But in large structures, instead of wire rod, segments of the same reinforcement are used. In this case additional elements will have to be taken into account.
Density of w / w
To determine it, you can take as a basis the proportions of the solution in units of mass. It is enough to exclude water from the calculation, which in a month will completely leave the array in order to obtain a completely accurate density of the monolith. It is allowed to use approximate data if the brand of concrete used in reinforced concrete products is known:
The selected reinforcement scheme also affects the weight of 1 m3 of reinforced concrete. Here the number of rods in the body of reinforced concrete and their cross section play a role. These parameters allow you to find out the internal volume that the steel reinforcement occupies, and then calculate its mass.
Depending on the shape and purpose of the reinforced concrete structure, rods are used different diameter and stack them with a certain step. To determine the density of reinforced concrete, special accuracy is not needed, therefore, the amount of reinforcement in a cube of reinforced concrete can be taken approximately from the table:
Weight calculation
When the number of internal reinforcement and all density indicators are known, it is easy to determine the weight of 1 m3 of reinforced concrete. Subtract the average volume occupied by the steel bars from the cube to get the volume of the concrete itself. After that, it remains only to multiply the numbers by the specific gravity for each material and add the results.
The strip foundation made of M300 concrete is reinforced with rods with a diameter of 16 mm. The volume that the reinforcement will occupy in the cube of reinforced concrete:
- π r2 L = 3.14 (0.008)2 16 = 0.003 m3;
- the remaining 0.997 m3 is pure concrete.
Then the mass of reinforcing bars will be 0.003x7850 = 23.6 kg, and concrete 0.997x2400 = 2392.8 kg. We sum up the values and get the desired density of reinforced concrete: 23.6 + 2392.8 = 2416 kg / m3.
Such calculations must be made at the stage of designing the loads on the foundation even before the start of construction.
Another case where it is required to know the specific gravity of reinforced concrete structures is the demolition of a building with the subsequent removal of construction debris. Specialists of companies providing such services send their measurers to the site to assess the amount of work to be done. But you can do approximate calculations yourself if you arm yourself with a tape measure and a calculator.
The volumetric weight for reinforced concrete structures in these cases is assumed to be 2500 kg/m3 and multiplied by the measurement data. The resulting tonnage of garbage will need to be paid, that is, to pay for dismantling, loading, removal by road and disposal.
stroitel-list.ru
Indicators of density and specific gravity of 1 m3 of reinforced concrete
When designing structures, choosing load-lifting and Vehicle take into account one of the most important characteristics is the density of reinforced concrete. The method of calculating this indicator is simple, it allows you to quickly get the result and apply it in practice.
- Reinforced concrete classification
- Average density and weight
- Total weight calculation
Features and types of reinforced concrete
Ordinary concrete resists compressive loads well, but it does not withstand tensile, bending, torsional stresses (even insignificant ones). Reinforced concrete demonstrates completely different qualities - fake diamond, reinforced with steel bars: tension is perceived by steel rods, and compression is perceived by the concrete component.
Metal fittings able to increase mechanical strength and resistance of the structure to cracks by 200%, thereby increasing its service life. To evenly distribute the load, the rods in the body of the concrete goods are placed in the form of a three-dimensional mesh frame with a cell size of 10-20 cm. Sometimes, not pieces of reinforcement, but thinner steel wire are used as transverse connecting elements in it.
In many ways, the ability to withstand loads determines the density of concrete products. Depending on it, reinforced concrete can be of several types:
- especially heavy - barites, magnetites, metal scraps, hematites, limonites are chosen as fillers for it; density composite material above 2500 kg / m3 (especially heavy varieties are not used for civil structures);
- heavy - with conventional fillers in the form of granite, lime, crushed gravel, cube weight - 1800-2500 kg;
- lightweight - the same heavy reinforced, specific gravity concrete composition(1800 kg / m3) is reduced due to design features (there are technological through slots in the reinforced concrete products);
- light - it is represented by varieties with a cellular structure (perlite, expanded clay, polystyrene concrete), which are also sometimes reinforced; the average weight of a cubic meter of such material is 500 kg.
Attention should also be paid to the method of manufacturing reinforced concrete. When using vibrating tables to compact a fresh mixture, each cube becomes heavier by about 100 kg.
Density and weight
The value of the density of the concrete part can be determined by a simplified method. Usually, when compiling a mixture, the weight of each of its components is set. Adding these indicators and excluding water from the sum (it gradually evaporates during solidification), the desired density is obtained. For approximate calculations, reference data is used depending on the brand of concrete for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products. The characteristics and scope of use of classic heavy concrete are shown in the table.
The weight of 1 m3 of concrete is also affected by the reinforcement scheme. This concept includes the diameter of the reinforcing rods or wire, as well as the distance between them (pitch). The weight of the metal frame in 1 m3 of reinforced concrete products is small: this can be seen from the reference table:
*Specific weight of reinforcing steel - 7850 kg/m3.
Weight calculation
Knowing the density indicators of the concrete and steel parts, it is easy to determine the final density of the reinforced concrete structure. For example, a calculation scheme is given for a floor made of M350 concrete with reinforcement from rods with a diameter of 18 mm. In the second table, the total length of steel rods is taken - 49 m.
1. The volume of reinforcement in 1 m3 of reinforced concrete is determined by the formula:
Va = (D2/4) *L, where:
- D - rod diameter (18 mm = 0.018 m);
- L is the total length of the rods (49 m).
After substitution, it turns out: Va \u003d (3.14 * 0.0182 / 4) * 49 \u003d 0.012 m3.
2. The volume of the concrete component that contains reinforced concrete is calculated: Vb = 1-Va = 1-0.012 = 0.088 m3.
3. The mass of reinforcement is calculated as the product of its volume and the specific gravity of steel: ma = 7850 * 0.012 = 94.2 kg.
4. The mass of the volume fraction of concrete is: mb \u003d 2412 * 0.988 \u003d 2384 kg.
5. The mass of reinforcement and concrete is summed up: 94.2 + 2384 = 2476.2 kg.
Reinforced concrete under given conditions has a density of 2476.2 kg.
Knowing how much 1 m3 of reinforced concrete weighs, determine total mass structure, decomposing it, if necessary, into constituent elements. Such calculations must be performed during the design of the structure: they consider the weight load to find out whether the foundation can withstand it.
It is advisable to calculate the specific gravity and total mass of reinforced concrete products when purchasing materials for construction work in order to include the costs of their purchase and delivery in the overall calculation. When dismantling reinforced concrete structures, based on the weight of the dismantled parts of the building, the amount of work for dismantling and removing construction debris is determined. Usually, the calculation is performed by specialists of special service companies based on the results of measurements. count approximate weight garbage on your own will not be difficult. The density of reinforced concrete products is conditionally taken as 2500 kg / m3 and multiplied by the volume - the product of the measured dimensions of all nodes. The total tonnage is multiplied by the rates for dismantling, loading, transportation, disposal of the relevant products.
stroitel-lab.ru
Mass of garbage
4.10. FERr(TERr) does not take into account the costs of loading and removing construction waste and materials unsuitable for further application obtained during disassembly structural elements buildings and structures and engineering and technological equipment. These costs should be determined based on the current tariffs for the transportation of goods for construction, the mass of garbage in tons and the distance of its transportation from construction site to the landfill site with the reflection of costs in local estimates. The bulk density of construction debris should be taken averaged according to the following standards: - when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3; - when disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3; - when dismantling structures made of brick, stone, beating plaster and facing tiles- 1800 kg/m3; - when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg/m3;
When performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3.
Note: - volumetric masses of construction debris from dismantling building structures are given from taking them into account in the dense body of structures;
The mass of dismantled metal structures and engineering and technological equipment is taken according to design data.
smetdlysmet.ru
Density of different types of reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel unique properties. Due to its strength, durability, reliability, he found wide application in the construction industry. The design takes into account many specifications, one of which is volume weight. The value of this value is required to calculate the load on the base for determining the heat loss of the monolith, the complexity of the work. It is taken into account when estimating the costs of purchasing and delivering the required amount of material.
- What types of reinforced concrete exist?
- Density
- Specific Gravity Calculation
Volumetric weight is directly related to density. The higher the value of this indicator, the greater the density of the concrete stone. It also depends on the fillers: their characteristics such as density, degree of bubble filling influence. In addition, the strength of the product is formed under the influence of the brand of cement.
Varieties
There are several types of reinforced concrete depending on its density:
1. Especially heavy (more than 2500 kg/m3). Magnetites, barites, hematites, metal scraps are used.
2. Heavy (from 1800 to 2500 kg/m3). The fillers of this brand are crushed stone and gravel.
3. Light (from 500 to 1800 kg/m3): sand, perlite, expanded clay, wood concrete and other components. To this type include foam concrete and aerated concrete.
4. Particularly light (less than 500 kg/m3).
Depending on the density, the area of \u200b\u200buse of the material varies. Lighter grades are suitable for thermal insulation. Lightweight ones are used as ready-made blocks. Heavy concrete is indispensable for laying foundations, building monolithic structures. Particularly heavy compositions are required in critical areas of armored caps, the construction of other protective objects. They are good at blocking radiation.
Actual and calculated density
In most cases, the actual density of reinforced concrete differs from the calculated value. The reason for this is the technology of its manufacture. During the construction of monolithic or prefabricated structures, air enters the mixture, which leads to the formation of concrete mortar various sizes of caverns. To improve the quality of the final product and its compaction, vibrocompression is used. The volumetric weight parameters indicated above are valid if this method was used in production.
In practice, this technology may not be suitable for certain reasons. During the construction of structures, a ready-made mortar is poured, which subsequently hardens. Density with this type of installation of reinforced concrete is reduced by an average of 100-150 kg/m3.
Specific gravity of reinforced concrete
It should be noted that the volumetric weight indicators correspond to the net mass of concrete. But to save performance characteristics under conditions of constant action of compressive and tensile forces, it is strengthened metal frame. It is a spatial frame made of welded steel bars. During the production of reinforced concrete structures, the solution is firmly connected to the reinforcement, creating a complete material. The density will be affected by the number and cross section of the rods, as well as the way they are laid.
Used for hardening different kinds fittings, class AIII is often used. Depending on the required strength, the number of steel bars for laying is determined. 1 m3 of reinforced concrete can contain from 70 to 320 kg of reinforcement.
To calculate the specific gravity of the finished product, the volume occupied by steel bars should be determined. Then subtract the mass of concrete that is able to occupy it. To the value obtained, add the mass of the reinforcing bar. If difficulties arise, you can add the constituent components minus the evaporating water.
If you have planned the demolition of the house, you should be clearly aware of the need to remove the debris remaining after the demolition. And these works need to be planned and included in the calculations when ordering work on dismantling the house. Indeed, often the cost of removal and disposal work exceeds the cost of the demolition work itself.
How to understand how much garbage will need to be removed after the demolition of your building and how to calculate the cost of garbage removal during dismantling. We will reveal a few secrets in this article.
First, let's make a reservation right away that such a thing as an accurate calculation of the amount of garbage during the demolition of large multi-storey buildings feasible only for a trained engineer. The error in such a case can be the greater, the more inexperienced the specialist.
Too many factors to consider. Here is just a part:
The nature of the debris (building materials);
Method of dismantling and grinding;
loading method;
Remoteness of the export landfill;
Difficulties loading operations;
The need for reporting on disposal;
The volume of the container (body);
Geographic location object (metropolis, city, countryside, etc.).
It is important to understand one not unimportant detail: do not think that in the calculations you will be able to multiply all the geometric dimensions of the details of the house, the length of the height of each of the walls, ceilings, roof area and multiplying all this by the thickness of these parts to get the exact amount of garbage removed. The fact is that when loading in a body (container), no matter how hard you try, there will be voids, because during demolition, the parts will not have the correct geometric shapes. With this method of calculation, it will be necessary, taking into account the method of dismantling, loading, the type of material at home, to multiply the resulting volume by 1.5, or even by 2.5! This is the so-called direct loosening coefficient. This method of calculation does not suit us, because we have to sit down for building guides What coefficient should we take into account. Entrust this work to professionals.
There are many cases when, having no experience in demolition, having started calculations, they make mistakes in the smaller direction. It is unpleasant when you have to take out much more than expected. But the opposite situation may also occur - when the contractor overestimates the volume, and hence the cost. Here it is important not to miss this moment and control as much as possible.
Now let's give a simple example of how, without all these intricacies, to understand how much construction waste a particular contractor will take out and whether he is cheating in the calculations.
In addition to the geometric dimensions of the indicated building (area on the ground, height in the ridge), only one number is needed. Let's call it the inverse loosening coefficient, it is equal to 2.65. This is its average value for low-rise buildings, taking into account the building material, it may not change significantly up or down. But it is this number that will be enough to calculate the approximate volume of construction waste removed during the demolition of a low-rise private house. The number that is derived by experts empirically.
Consider an example with country house, having a size of 6 by 6 meters. The height of the building from the ground to the ridge is 7 meters. (It is in the ridge, because this is how the construction volume of the building is calculated. If the roof is flat, then we consider the height to upper corner building)
We calculate the construction volume of the building:
6x6x7=252 cubic meters.
Divide by the reciprocal loosening factor 2.65:
252/2.65 = 95 cubic meters
95 m3: this is the approximate amount of construction waste that will need to be removed during the demolition of this building.
The volume is calculated taking into account the underground part of the foundation (if there is no basement). This is how the magic number works.
Do not forget that the cost of removing the same amount of construction waste in different regions may differ greatly. Also, depending on the complexity of the object, the cost of loading operations may differ. And of course, in the construction market, as well as in other markets, the wholesale rule applies, the larger the volume, the lower the unit cost.
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2. We calculate the actual volume of construction waste prepared for removal:
V debris = V buildings in the air: K loosening
The bulk density of construction debris should be taken averaged according to the following standards: - when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3; - when disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3; - when disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating off plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg/m3; - when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg/m3; - when performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3. Note: - volumetric masses of construction debris from the dismantling of building structures are given from their accounting in the dense body of structures;
Usually light voluminous garbage exported in containers.
Heavy garbage is taken out by heavy dump trucks (brick and concrete breakage, soil). For loading, special equipment is used, because. manually loading a dump truck will not work.
In our work, we use containers with a volume of 27 m3 (load capacity 12 tons) and dump trucks with a body volume of 18-20 m3 and a load capacity of up to 30 tons
The number of containers / dump trucks is calculated as follows:
K = Vgarbage / 27 m3 (or 20 m3 for dump trucks)
The cost of a container (27 m3) in Moscow at the end of December 2014 averaged 9500 rubles (in the region 10000-11000). The cost of the dump truck Moscow / region is 8000/10000, respectively.
We provide consultations on the dismantling of buildings and structures, country houses, demolition of any buildings and dismantling of any structures, we will make a preliminary estimate for the services for the demolition of buildings and structures.
stroydemontag.ru
Calculation of the cost of construction waste removal
You can calculate the real cost of disposal of construction waste using the following method:
1. The volume of the building to be dismantled in the "Air" or in the geometry of the building is determined:
Length of the house X Width of the house X Height (from the bottom of the foundation to the ridge of the roof).
2. We calculate the actual volume of construction waste prepared for removal (in solid form):
V debris in solid = V building in air: K loosening
To loosening = 2.0 - 3.0 --- an empirical coefficient that takes into account all the individual loosening coefficients of the resulting construction waste.
K loosening \u003d 2.0 - it has been experimentally established that the actual volume of garbage (taking into account furnaces, old furniture and other garbage) is obtained by using this value
3. Calculate the weight of the garbage to be removed.
P pin weight Debris = V debris in solid x Mob.
Where Mob. \u003d 1600 kg / m3 --- volumetric mass of construction waste obtained during disassembly.
The volumetric mass of construction waste should be taken averaged according to the following standards: - when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg / m3; - when dismantling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg / m3; - when dismantling structures made of brick, stone, chipping plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg / m3; - when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg / m3; - when performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg / m3. Note: - volumetric mass of construction waste from the dismantling of building structures are given from their accounting in the dense body of structures;
The mass of dismantled metal structures and engineering and technological equipment is taken according to design data.
Those. we calculated the weight of the garbage to be removed in tons.
4. Next, depending on the Weight and volume of the garbage to be removed, we determine the number of containers or dump trucks needed to remove the garbage from the site for disposal. We take as a basis exactly the VOLUME of the exported garbage.
Usually light volumetric waste (logs, beams are taken out only by containers) is taken out by containers.
Heavy garbage is taken out by heavy dump trucks (brick and concrete breakage, soil)
In our work, we use containers with a volume of 27 m3 (load capacity 10 tons) and dump trucks with a body volume of V = 20 m3 and a load capacity of 20 tons
The number of containers is calculated as follows:
K cont. = Vgarbage / 27 m3 (or 20 m3)
The cost of a container (27 m3) in Chelyabinsk at the end of December 2013 averaged 9,500 rubles (in the region 10,000-11,000). The cost of the Chelyabinsk/region dump truck is 6000/8000, respectively.
We carry out dismantling works: demolition, demolition, dismantling of buildings and structures, foundations, country houses, summer cottages, trade pavilions, mini-markets, shops, stalls, dismantling of walls, partitions, screeds, ceilings, any metal structures, ceilings, parquet, tiles, laminate, drywall, sanitary cabins.
We provide consultations on the dismantling of buildings and structures, country houses, demolition of any buildings and dismantling of any structures, we will make a preliminary estimate for demolition services
kdc74.ru
Calculation of the soil loosening coefficient
- 1 Views
- 2 Properties
- 3 How to calculate holding necessary work
For some construction work there is a development of soil for laying the foundation. For planning work related to excavation and removal of land, some features should be taken into account: loosening, moisture, density.
The soil loosening factor table below will help you determine the increase in soil volume when it is excavated from the pit.
Kinds
- Rocky, stone, rock and cemented rocks - development is possible only with the use of crushing or using explosion technology.
- Clay, sand, mixed types of rocks - sampling is done manually or mechanized using bulldozers, excavators or other specialized equipment.
Properties
- Loosening - an increase in the volume of land during excavation and development.
- Humidity is the ratio of the mass of water contained in the ground to the mass of solid particles. It is determined as a percentage: the soil is considered dry with a moisture content of less than 5%, more than 30% - wet, in the range from 5 to 30% - normal humidity. The more humid the composition, the more time-consuming the process of its excavation, the exception is clay (the drier - the more difficult it is to develop, too wet - becomes viscous, sticky).
- Density - the mass of 1 m3 of soil in a dense (natural) state. The densest and heaviest rocks, the lightest - sandy, sandy soils.
- Cohesion - the value of resistance to shear, sandy and sandy soils have an indicator - 3–50 kPa, clays, loams - 5–200 kPa.
Based building codes and rules (SNIP), soil loosening coefficient (initial), density index in accordance with the category, are given in the table:
After analyzing the table, we can say that the initial loosening coefficient of the soil is directly proportional to the density range, in other words, the denser and heavier soil in natural conditions, the larger its volume during development.
There are also calculations of the coefficient of residual loosening of the soil, the result determines how much the soil lends itself to precipitation when caking, in contact with water or tamping. In construction, these calculations are of great importance for determining the amount required material, and they are also taken into account when storing, recycling land.
How to calculate the necessary work
To calculate the necessary work, you should know the geometric dimensions of the planned pit. Next, multiply the coefficient of initial loosening by the volume of earth in its natural state.
As a result, you will receive the volume that will be withdrawn from the construction quarry. Now it is very easy to calculate the amount of seized land for storage, loading, transportation for disposal.
Watch the video: SOIL TYPES. GEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SITE
Natalya Prokhorova from the Pskov region asks:
I bought an old household with a very cluttered territory. I want to get rid of unnecessary things and old buildings. In this regard, the question arises, how is the amount of garbage to be removed calculated?
The expert answers:
The price for garbage disposal depends on a number of factors, the consideration of which will allow you to make correct calculation financial costs, the need to attract certain types and the number of units of special equipment.
Calculation of the volume and mass of construction waste
- Calculate the size of the building by multiplying the results of measuring the height, width, length with each other.
- The resulting number is divided by the loosening factor, which is a number of 2.0–3.0.
- The formula allows you to calculate the mass of litter: multiply the amount of waste by the Mob indicator.
Mob. - the average number of the volumetric mass of residues formed during dismantling. This number depends on the type of material:
- concrete - 2400 kg / m 3;
- reinforced concrete - 2500 kg / m 3;
- facing tiles, stone, brick - 1800 kg / m 3;
- frame structures, wood - 600 kg / m 3.
Other dismantling works, with the exception of which is the dismantling of metal structures and equipment, are calculated in individually, in accordance with the design data, and average 1200 kg/m 3 .
Service cost calculation
In order to determine the level of financial costs, in addition to the volume of garbage, it is necessary to find out what special equipment will be needed to eliminate construction rubbish. If the waste is light but takes up large area, you need a container. This category of materials includes wood, timber, logs. For litter, consisting of soil, concrete and brick fragments, a closed bin is needed, designed to transport heavy loads.
The following algorithm is used to calculate the size of the container or bunker, the involvement of which would be appropriate: the volume of garbage is divided by the size of the container (8, 20, 27, 30, 32). If the total is greater than 4, a larger container should be selected for significant savings.
Factors affecting the cost of construction waste removal
The following factors influence the final cost of litter removal services to a greater or lesser extent:
- type of movement of construction waste - vertical or horizontal;
- distance from the container to the place of dismantling - it is not always possible to drive close to the object;
- additional packaging of construction waste in various containers;
- the number of workers involved in the export;
- turnaround time.
What do we want to know today? How much does 1 cubic meter of construction waste weigh, weight of 1 m3 of construction waste? No problem, you can find out the number of kilograms or the number of tons at once, the mass (weight of one cubic meter, weight of one cube, weight of one cubic meter, weight 1 m3) are shown in Table 1. If anyone is interested, you can skim through the short text below, read some explanations. How is the amount of substance, material, liquid or gas we need measured? With the exception of those cases when it is possible to reduce the calculation of the required quantity to the calculation of goods, products, elements in pieces (piece count), it is easiest for us to determine right amount based on volume and weight (mass). In everyday life, the most familiar unit of volume for us is 1 liter. However, the number of liters suitable for household calculations is not always an applicable way to determine the volume for economic activity. In addition, liters in our country have not become a generally accepted "production" and trade unit of volume. One cubic meter, or in an abbreviated version - one cube, turned out to be quite convenient and popular for practical use volume unit. We are used to measuring almost all substances, liquids, materials and even gases in cubic meters. It's really convenient. After all, their cost, prices, rates, consumption rates, tariffs, supply contracts are almost always tied to cubic meters (cubes), much less often to liters. No less important for practical activities is the knowledge of not only the volume, but also the weight (mass) of the substance occupying this volume: in this case, we are talking about how much 1 cubic meter weighs (1 cubic meter, 1 cubic meter, 1 m3). Knowledge of mass and volume gives us a fairly complete picture of quantity. Visitors to the site, asking how much 1 cube weighs, often indicate specific units of mass in which they would like to know the answer to the question. As we have noticed, most often they want to know the weight of 1 cubic meter (1 cubic meter, 1 cubic meter, 1 m3) in kilograms (kg) or tons (tons). In fact, you need kg/m3 or t/m3. These are closely related units of quantity. In principle, a fairly simple independent conversion of weight (mass) from tons to kilograms and vice versa is possible: from kilograms to tons. However, as practice has shown, for most site visitors, it would be more convenient to immediately find out how many kilograms weigh 1 cubic meter (1 m3) of construction waste or how many tons weigh 1 cubic meter (1 m3) of construction waste, without converting kilograms into tons or vice versa - the quantity tons to kilograms per cubic meter (one cubic meter, one cubic meter, one m3). Therefore, in table 1, we indicated how much 1 cubic meter (1 cubic meter, 1 cubic meter) weighs in kilograms (kg) and in tons (tons). Choose the column of the table that you need yourself. By the way, when we ask how much 1 cubic meter (1 m3) weighs, we mean the number of kilograms or the number of tons. However, from a physical point of view, we are interested in density or specific gravity. The mass of a unit volume or the amount of a substance placed in a unit volume is bulk density or specific gravity. In this case bulk density and specific gravity of construction waste. Density and specific gravity in physics are usually measured not in kg / m3 or in tons / m3, but in grams per cubic centimeter: g / cm3. Therefore, in table 1, specific gravity and density (synonyms) are indicated in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)
1. The volume of the building to be dismantled in the "Air" or in the geometry of the building is determined:
Length of the house X Width of the house X Height(from the bottom of the foundation to the roof ridge).
2. We calculate the actual volume of construction waste prepared for removal:
V debris = V buildings in the air: K loosening
K loosening=2.0 - 3.0--- an empirical coefficient that takes into account all the individual coefficients of loosening of the resulting construction debris.
K loosening \u003d 2.0 - it has been experimentally established that the actual amount of garbage (including stoves, old furniture and other garbage) is obtained using this value
3. Calculate the weight of the garbage to be removed.
P pin weight Debris = V debris in solid x Mob.
Where Mob.=1600 kg/m3---volumetric mass of construction waste obtained during dismantling.
The volumetric mass of construction debris should be taken averaged according to the following standards:
- when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3;
- when disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3;
- when disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating off plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg/m3;
- when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg/m3;
- when performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3.
Note:
- volumetric masses of construction debris from the dismantling of building structures are given from their accounting in the dense body of structures;
- the mass of dismantled metal structures and engineering and technological equipment is taken according to design data.
Those. we calculated the weight of the garbage to be removed in tons.
4. Next, depending on The weight and volume of the garbage to be removed, determine the number of containers or dump trucks needed to remove the garbage from the site for disposal. We take as a basis exactly the VOLUME of the exported garbage.
Usually light bulky waste is taken out by containers.
Heavy garbage is taken out by heavy dump trucks (brick and concrete breakage, soil). For loading, special equipment is used, because. manually loading a dump truck will not work.
In our work, we use containers with a volume of 27 m3 (load capacity 12 tons) and dump trucks with a body volume of 18-20 m3 and a load capacity of up to 30 tons
The number of containers / dump trucks is calculated as follows:
K =V garbage /27 m3 (or 20 m3 for dump trucks)
The cost of a container (27 m3) in Moscow at the end of December 2014 averaged 9500 rubles (in the region 10000-11000). The cost of the dump truck Moscow / region is 8000/10000, respectively.
We carry out dismantling works: demolition, demolition, dismantling, of buildings and structures, foundations, country houses, cottages, shopping pavilions, mini-markets, shops, stalls, dismantling of walls, partitions, screeds, ceilings, any metal structures, ceilings, parquet, tiles , laminate, drywall, sanitary ware.
We provide consultations on the dismantling of buildings and structures, country houses, demolition of any buildings and dismantling of any structures, we will make a preliminary estimate for the demolition of buildings and structures.
