Test on the topic "Root" Part A 1. A root is formed from the germinal root of the seed
- main side air subordinate
- cell outgrowth lateral root main root adventitious root
- growth division suction holding
- basic coverslip conductive educational
- onion tomato carrot potato
- oats cucumber dandelion potato
- ivy banyan dahlia orchid
- growth division suction holding
- nutrition breath storage reproduction
- main lateral adnexal respiratory
- radish tomato swede radish
- carrot garlic tomatoes rye lily Answer:
- formed to store nutrients
serve for vegetative propagation
are modifications of lateral and adventitious roots usually formed in perennials
usually formed in annual plants
store water
AT 4. Establish the sequence of the zones in the root, starting from the root cap.
- growth zone dividing zone suction zone holding area
root system plants.
Root - axial vegetative organ. Distinguish the main BUT , adventitious roots. Roots that develop on a stem or leaf are called B . The totality of all the roots of a plant make up the root system. Distinguish between core and AT root system. The tap root system has a well-defined G root.- main 5. rod lateral 6. dicot adventitious 7. monocots germinal 8. fibrous
Part C From 1 Why is it important to be able to distinguish between poisonous plants and know how to act if poisoning occurs?1. Poisonous plants may resemble non poisonous plants. 2. In case of poisoning by poisonous plants, first aid must be provided:
Give the victim inside a large amount (5-6 glasses) of warm water.
It is necessary to induce vomiting by irritating the root of the tongue.
Reducing the absorption of poisons contributes to the intake of a suspension of activated charcoal.
The injured person should be taken immediately to medical institution to provide qualified medical care
C2
plant root hairs
It is estimated that the length of all roots (without small branches) in wheat is 71 km, in spring rye - 79, in oats - 87 km, and the total length of all root hairs of one specimen of winter rye or wheat can reach 10,000 km s common surface 400 m2. Due to the root hairs, the contact surface of the roots with the soil is enormously increased.
The main function of root hairs is the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil by osmosis, which occurs at the boundary of two media with different concentrations of liquids. The cell sap of root hairs is rich in various salts and acids, while soil solutions, on the contrary, have a low concentration of them. Many aquatic plants(susak, white water lily, water pine), which do not need to increase the suction surface, since these plants literally bathe in water, root hairs do not form. In other aquatic plants (yellow capsule, elodea, calamus), the roots that are in the water do not form root hairs, and on the roots that go deep into the soil, they develop in large numbers.
Root hairs are short-lived formations, live only 15-20 days and, having fulfilled their physiological role, die off. The root in this place is covered with a thick bark and already performs only a mechanical function. An exception are the root hairs of some Compositae. Their walls thicken and woody, and they can live for one or two growing seasons.
What is the main function of root hairs?
What plants do not have root hairs on their roots?
Why do some plants have root hairs that live for several years, and not 15-20 days.
C3
Roots
The content of inorganic and organic matter in root crops, energy value of root crops
Which root crops have the same energy value?
Which root crops contain less sugar?
Root crops of which plants most stimulate intestinal motility?
Test. Root and its structure
1. The main function of the root is ...
soil nutrition and the formation of root crops
soil nutrition and retention in the soil
respiration and retention in the soil
reproduction and soil nutrition
2. Peas and beans have root systems…
lateral B. fibrous
rod G. accessory
3. The first to appear during seed germination
main root
lateral roots
adventitious roots
in monocotyledonous plants - adventitious, and in dicotyledons - the main root
4. Lateral roots develop
only in the main root V. on the stem of the plant
only in adventitious roots G. on the main and adventitious roots
5. Monstera aerial roots are
main roots V. adventitious roots
lateral roots G. stem modifications
6. The formation of root crops is typical for
annuals V. perennials
biennial plants G. ephemeral plants
7. What is the function of root nodules leguminous plants?
supply of nutrients
excretion of substances unnecessary to the plant
air nitrogen fixation
absorption of organic matter
8. Root tubers of dahlia and sweet potato are formed:
on the main root V. on the lateral roots
on adventitious roots G. on adventitious or lateral roots
9. If you put a willow branch in water, after a while it will develop:
main root B. adventitious roots
lateral roots G. main and lateral roots
10. Root zone formed by young, constantly growing cells
11. The division zone is presented
educational tissue V. mechanical tissue
integumentary tissue G. conductive tissue
12. The conductive tissue of the root is represented by vessels located in:
root and cork of V. cambium and bast
wood and bast G. wood and cork
13. Water with vegetable minerals in it rises from the root of the plant up through the vessels
wood V. cork
bast G. cambia
14. Organic substances move from the stem and leaves of the plant to the horse entrances through the vessels
wood V. cork
bast G. cambia
15. The root of a plant grows in width due to a special educational tissue.
wood V. cork
bast G. cambia
16. The root suction zone can be visually distinguished by
root cap B. root hairs
small holes D. a large number lateral roots
17. The root zone closest to the apex is called
conduction zone B. stretch zone
suction zone G. dividing zone
18. The division zone is covered from above
root cap B. root cap
root cap G. root ending
19. The bark of the root of the plant consists of
educational tissue V. integumentary tissue
mechanical tissue G. conductive tissue
20. Root hairs of a young wheat root can be seen
only with a magnifying glass
only with a light microscope
only with an electron microscope
naked eye
21. In what case is indicated correct sequence root zones?
division zone, conduction zone, extension zone, root cap, suction zone
root cap, stretch zone, division zone, conduction zone, suction zone
root cap, division zone, extension zone, suction zone, conduction zone
root cap, conduction zone, suction zone, extension zone, dividing zone
Root.
Part 1
Questions with a choice of one correct answer.
A 1. The root is
1) modified escape
2) embryonic plant
3) underground plant organ
4) part of the escape
A 2. Which of the following functions do the roots not perform?
1) fixing plants in the soil
2) absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil
3) storage of nutrients
4) the formation of nutrients in the plant
A 3. The roots of one plant are called the root system because
1) the plant has many roots
2) all the roots of a plant are connected by a common function
3) the roots have different names
4) all roots grow from one
A 4. What are the roots growing from the stem called?
1) air
2) main
3) adnexal
4) side
A 5. What are the names of the roots growing from the main root?
1) side
2) air
3) adnexal
4) respiratory
A 6. Fibrous is called such a root system, in which
1) the main root does not differ from numerous adventitious
2) the main root is highly developed and looks like a rod
3) lateral roots depart from the main root
4) the main root develops from the root of the embryo
A 7. Tulip bulbs form
1) tap roots
2) adventitious roots
3) lateral roots
4) all kinds of roots
A 8. A cut poplar branch placed in water develops roots.
1) side
2) adnexal
3) air
4) main
A 9. Fibrous root system has
1) wheat
3) cabbage
A 10. Has a tap root system
2) tulip
3) strawberry
4) timothy
A 11. Onions have a fibrous root system. How many cotyledons are in an onion seed germ?
A 12. Vessels of the root are located in the zone
1) suction
2) holding
4) division
A 13. The root division zone is formed by tissue
1) coverslip
2) conductive
3) educational
4) main
A 14. Root hairs are located in the zone
1) suction
2) holding
4) division
A 15. Root growth in length occurs due to tissue
1) coverslip
2) conductive
3) educational
4) main
A 16. In the conduction area
1) water absorption
2) cell division
3) movement of water and minerals
4) root growth in length
A 17. The root cap is formed from the cells of the zone
1) suction
2) division
3) holding
A 18. Root cap
1) provides the movement of substances through the plant
2) performs a protective function
3) gives roots strength
4) participates in cell division
A 19. Fabric provides strength and elasticity to the root
1) coverslip
2) main
3) conductive
4) mechanical
A 20. A root hair is
1) part of the root, consisting of one row of cells
2) small side roots
3) an elongated cell on the root surface, adapted to the absorption of substances
4) a group of cells that absorb water and mineral salts
A 21. Root hairs provide
1) protecting the root from contact with the soil
2) root growth in length
3) root growth in thickness
4) absorption of water and mineral salts by the root from the soil
A 22. Root hairs of a plant live
1) about a day
2) several days
3) about a month
4) more than a year
A 23. Vessels that conduct water and mineral salts pass through
1) root bark
2) bark and central part
3) the central part of the root
4) between the bark and the central part
A 24. Pinching off the tip of the root when transplanting young plants is called
1) vaccination
2) hilling
3) cuttings
4) pick
A 25. If you remove the top of the plant root, then
1) the number of lateral roots increases
2) the root will continue to grow in length
3) root cones are formed
4) the plant will die
A 26. The formation of adventitious roots contributes
1) stepson
2) stem pruning
3) pick
4) hilling
A 27. The absorption of water from the soil contributes
1) the process of breathing
2) root pressure
3) cell division
4) movement of the cytoplasm
A 28. Water temperature at which the suction force of the roots will be the smallest
A 29. In the process of respiration, the roots, like other plant organs
1) take in oxygen and release it carbon dioxide
2) take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen
3) absorb water and release oxygen
4) absorb water vapor and release carbon dioxide
A 30. On swampy soil, cultivated plants do not grow well, since there is little
1) minerals
2) air
3) organic matter
A 31. The value of root pressure decreases with
1) rise in temperature
2) a decrease in the oxygen content in the soil
3) lowering the temperature
4) changing the type of fertilizer
A 32. In spring, cultivated plants are fed with nitrogen fertilizers. This is necessary for
1) pest control
2) plant growth
3) protecting plants from diseases
4) plant propagation
A 33. Cold resistance of plants increase fertilizers
1) nitrogen and phosphorus
2) nitrogen
3) phosphorus and potassium
4) any kind of fertilizer
A 34. A modification of the root is
1) carrot root
2) lily of the valley rhizome
3) potato tuber
4) tulip bulb
A 35. Modified roots serve to
1) storage of nutrients
2) air supply
3) water storage
4) all of the above
A 36. When weeding cultivated plants, it is necessary to remove many weeds, for example, thistles, with roots, since
1) they take up space in the soil
2) with the help of roots, these plants reproduce
3) weed roots emit harmful to cultivated
plant matter
4) they absorb a lot of water and mineral salts
Part 2
B 1. Establish the sequence of the root zones, starting from the root cap
1) holding area
2) suction zone
3) division zone
4) stretch zone
5) root cap
B 2. Select from the list the structural features and functions characteristic of the root.
1) does not form leaves and grows deep into the soil
2) carries out gas exchange through stomatal cells
3) performs the function of photosynthesis
4) fixes the plant in the soil
5) absorbs water and minerals
6) regulates the evaporation of water from the leaves
B 3. Match
Part 3
Free Answer Tasks
C 1. In swampy areas of the tundra, many plants suffer from a lack of moisture. What is it connected with?
C 2. In what case is the application of mineral fertilizers to the soil accompanied by environmental pollution?
C 3. How can you explain that the roots of some plants, such as orchids, can turn green in the light?
C 4. Why does potato hilling increase its yield?
C 6. How is knowledge of root respiration used in growing plants?
Answers.
Part 1.
Root.
Examples of closed tests
1.1 Root functions
a) absorption of water and mineral salts,
b) photosynthesis,
c) symbiosis with other organisms,
d) vegetative propagation,
e) transpiration.
1.2. The main root is called:
a) the thickest
b) the longest
c) the most branched,
d) developing from the germinal root,
e) formed from the stem.
1.3. Adventitious roots are called:
a) the thickest
b) the longest
c) the most branched,
d) developing from the germinal root,
e) formed from the stem.
1.4. The fibrous root system is characterized by:
a) there is no main root,
b) the main root is well expressed,
c) a few main roots,
d) well developed lateral roots,
e) there are adventitious roots.
2.1. The root has zones:
a) division
b) growth,
c) branches
d) absorption
e) holding.
2.2. The root has tissues:
a) cover
b) photosynthetic,
c) main
d) conductive
e) educational.
3.1. The flow of water and mineral salts into the root hairs is ensured by:
a) diffusion
b) the phenomenon of capillarity,
c) root pressure,
d) active transport,
e) evaporation of water from leaves.
3.2. The movement of water and mineral salts from the root to the stem is provided by:
a) diffusion
b) the phenomenon of capillarity,
c) root pressure,
d) active transport,
e) evaporation of water from leaves.
3.3. Mineral fertilizers:
a) saltpeter
b) sodium chloride,
c) urea
d) peat,
e) superphosphate.
3.4.Organic fertilizers:
a) saltpeter
b) superphosphate,
c) peat
d) manure
e) urea.
3. 5. The role of nitrogen fertilizers:
a) accelerate the ripening of fruits,
b) contribute to the growth of aboveground plant parts,
c) increase the cold resistance of plants,
d) promote the growth of bulbs,
e) promote the growth of tubers.
4.1. A root crop is a modification:
a) main root
b) lateral roots,
c) adventitious roots,
d) roots
e) stem.
4.2. Root tubers are modifications of:
a) main root
b) adventitious roots,
c) lateral roots,
d) roots
e) stem.
Plaintext Examples
List the functions of the root.
List the types of roots.
Name the types of root systems.
2.1. List the root zones.
3.1. Name the mechanisms of water and mineral intake.
salts into the root hairs.
3.2. Name the mechanisms of movement of water and mineral
salts from the root through the vessels of the stem.
3.3. When is potash fertilizer applied to the soil and for what purpose?
3.4. When are phosphate fertilizers applied to the soil and for what purpose?
3.5. When applied to soil nitrogen fertilizers and for what purpose?
Answers to closed tests
a, c, d
a, d, d
2.1. a, b, d, e
2.2. a, c, d, e
3.1. a, d
Z.2. b, c, d
3.3. a, c, d
3.4. c, d
3.5. b
4.1. a
4.2. b,c
Answers to closed tests
1) mechanical (fixes the plant in the soil); 2) absorbs and conducts water and mineral salts into the above-ground part; 3) synthesizes biologically active substances; 4) releases various acids into the soil; 5) participates in breathing; 6) an organ of vegetative reproduction; 7) depot of reserve nutrients; 8) enters into symbiosis with fungi and nodule bacteria.
1) main; 2) accessory; 3) side.
1) rod; 2) fibrous.
2.1. 1) division; 2) growth; 3) suction; 4) holding.
3.1. 1) diffusion; 2) osmosis; 3) active transport.
3.2. 1) root pressure; 2) evaporation of water by leaves; 3) the phenomenon of capillarity.
3.3. 1) in the first half of summer; 2) enhance the development and growth of the root system.
3.4. 1) in autumn together with manure; 2) accelerate the ripening of fruits and increase the cold resistance of plants.
3.5. 1) before sowing; 2) affect the growth of above-ground parts of the plant.
Add suggestions:
1. Through the root, the plant receives water from the soil and.
2. All the roots of a plant make up its...
3. In the root system of the dandelion is well expressed ...
4. The root system of a dandelion is called...
5. The roots growing from the stem are called ...
6. If the main root does not develop or does not differ from numerous
other roots of the plant, the root system is called...
7. On the main root and adventitious roots develop ...
8. Top fertile layer land is called...
9. The dark color of the soil depends on the presence of it ...
10. The soil is different from rocks presence...
11. The soil has a special property called ...
12. When a seed germinates, the first seed coat appears ...
13. The root grows in length...
14. Pinching off the tip of the root when planting young plants is called ...
15. The tip of the root is covered with...
16. Under the cover there is a section (zone) ...
17. In dahlia, chistyak and some other plants, some lateral and
Adventitious roots develop into...
18. A long outgrowth of the outer cell of the root is called ...
19. Above the suction zone is the zone ...
20. The zone of division of the root is formed by a tissue called ...
21. A tissue called ... develops in the root conduction zone.
22. Under the layer of cells that form root hairs, there is ...
23. The strength and elasticity of the root is provided by a tissue called ...
24. The flow of water from the root to the stem is facilitated by ...
25. Long dead hollow cells with thick membranes located in the zone
conducting are called...
26. During respiration, root cells absorb .... and excrete ...
27. As a result of thickening of the lateral or adventitious roots, ...
28. Ivy develops peculiar roots - ...
29. In carrots, beets, turnips, the main root and lower sections of the stem
turn into...
Test. Root. Root systems
From the information provided for each question, select those alphabetic
symbols followed by the correct answers.
1. Water and mineral salts enter the plant from the soil:
a) through the roots;
b) through the roots and the lower part of the stem;
c) through the roots and other organs of the plant in contact with the soil.
2. In most monocot plants, the root system:
a) rod;
b) fibrous;
c) mixed.
3. Carrots, beets, turnips develop:
a) all types of roots;
b) only the main root;
c) main and lateral roots.
4. Roots of wheat, rye, barley:
a) almost all of the same length and thickness;
b) different in length and thickness;
c) almost all of the same length and thickness, with the exception of three, which are noticeably
larger (longer and thicker) than the others.
5. Lateral roots develop:
a) only on the main root;
b) only on adventitious roots;
c) both on the main and on the subordinate.
6. Adventitious roots are formed:
a) only on the main root;
b) only on the lower part of the stem;
c) both on the stem and on the leaves.
7. On cuttings of poplar, willow or black currant placed in water
are developing:
a) adventitious roots;
b) lateral roots;
c) adventitious roots, and on them lateral.
8. The root grows in length:
a) only the top;
b) the apex and all other areas following it;
c) the area extending from the stem.
9. The main root develops:
a) in annual plants;
b) in biennials and perennials;
c) in dicotyledonous plants grown from seeds.
10. The main root is clearly visible in the root system:
a) beans;
b) wheat;
c) currant grown from a stem cutting.
11. Root cap can be seen:
a) only with the help of a microscope;
b) using a magnifying glass;
c) with the naked eye.
12. Root cap cells:
a) alive;
b) dead, with thick shells;
c) along with the living, there are the dead.
13. Cells of the division zone:
a) small, located loosely;
b) small, tightly adjacent to each other;
c) large, rounded.
14. Root hair is:
a) a cell of the outer layer of the root with a long outgrowth;
b) a long outgrowth of the outer cell of the root;
c) filiform lateral root.
15. Root hairs live:
a) about a month
b) several days;
c) about a day.
16. Root hairs are usually not longer:
a) 10 mm;
b) 20 mm;
c) 30 mm.
17. Suction zone, like other root zones:
a) constantly increasing in length;
b) constantly moves after the tip of the growing root and does not
increases in length;
c) does not move after the tip of the root and does not increase in length (by
in the same area, instead of dead root hairs, new ones are formed).
18. The strength and elasticity of the root provides:
a) integumentary tissue;
b) conductive tissue;
c) mechanical tissue.
19. garden plants need to be watered:
a) rarely and little by little;
b) rarely, but abundantly;
c) often and little by little;
d) often and abundantly.
20. The largest number Plants need water
a) during growth;
b) during fruit ripening;
c) during flowering.
21. cultivated plants gardens and orchards are best watered:
a) in the morning;
b) during the day;
c) in the evening.
22. Loosening the soil contributes to:
a) the preservation of moisture and the entry of air into the soil;
b) moisture retention;
c) the entry of air into the soil.
23. The root crop of carrots or beets is formed:
a) with the growth of the main root:
b) with the growth of the main root and the lower sections of the stem;
c) with the growth of the lower parts of the stem.
24. As a result of thickening of the lateral or adventitious roots develop:
a) tubers;
b) root cones, or root "tubers";
c) roots
Test 9. Root systems
Classify the following plants by type of root
systems using numerical designations.
Root systems:
A. Rod -
B. Fibrous -
B. Rod with large quantity adventitious roots -
Plant names:
1. Bluegrass
2. Wheat
3. Corn
4. Dandelion
5. Rye
6. Carrot
7. Beets
8. Tomato
9. Clover
10. Sunflower
11. Plantain
12. Bow
13. Potato
14. Garlic
15. Cabbage
Verification work on the topic "Root"
1. Tests with one correct answer:
1. Seed germination begins with:
a) water absorption;
b) swelling of the seed;
c) rupture of the peel;
d enhanced oxygen uptake.
2. The germ of the seed consists of:
A) root, stalk and endosperm;
b) root, stalk and cotyledons;
c) endosperm, root and leaflets;
d) root and escape.
3. For monocotyledonous plants, unlike dicotyledons, the presence is characteristic of:
A) an embryo with two cotyledons;
B) an embryo with one cotyledon;
B) endosperm;
D) juicy peel.
4. The root system is represented by:
a) lateral roots;
b) lateral roots and main root
c) the main root;
d) all the roots of the plant.
5. Many dicot plants have:
b) only adventitious roots;
a) growth zone;
b) division zone;
c) the area of conduct;
d) suction zone.
7. Dead cells, through which water and solutes rise up the stem to the leaves, are called:
a) intercellular spaces;
b) vessels
c) mechanical tissue
d) root hair.
8. The role of the root cap is that it:
a) ensures the movement of substances through the plant;
b) plays a protective role;
c) give the root strength and elasticity;
d) participates in cell division.
9. Water is necessary for root cells:
1) for breathing;
b) to dissolve nutrients;
c) to increase soil fertility;
d) is a nutrient.
10. One of the root zones is involved in the absorption of water and mineral salts:
a) division zone;
b) growth zone;
c) suction zone;
d) holding area.
11. Through the roots, the plant receives:
b) minerals;
c) water and minerals;
d) organic matter.
12. The roots are called adventitious:
a) developing from the root of the embryo;
b) growing from the stem;
c) developing on the main root;
d) developing on all roots.
13. Many monocot plants have:
a) fibrous root system;
b) only adventitious roots;
c) tap root system;
d) lateral and adventitious roots.
a) division zone;
b) growth zone;
c) suction zone;
d) holding area.
15. What is a root?
A) modified escape
B) a germinal plant
B) underground organ
D) part of the escape
16. Fibrous is considered such a root system, in which:
A) the main root does not differ from the subordinate ones
B) the main root is highly developed and does not look like adnexal
C) the main root is highly developed and develops from the root of the embryo
17. The formation of adventitious roots contributes to:
A) picking
B) cutting off part of the stem
B) hilling
18. In what zone of the root do the cells stretch in length?
A) in the zone of the root cap
B) in the holding area
B) in the zone of root hairs
D) in the growth zone
19. What tissue provides the root with strength and elasticity?
A) educational fabric
B) mechanical tissue
B) conductive tissue
D) integumentary tissue
20. Which of the following functions does the root not perform?
A) fixing the plant in the soil
B) absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil
B) storage of nutrients
D) the formation of organic substances in the leaves
21. The root cap is formed from:
A) suction zones
B) from the division zone
B) from the venue
D) from the growth zone
22. Which of the following functions does the taproot perform better than the fibrous root?
A) storage of nutrients
B) fixing in the soil
C) absorption of water and mineral salts
D) transport of substances
23. A cut poplar branch placed in water develops roots:
A) side
B) chief
B) accessory
P. Write down the numbers of the correct statements.
1. Beans have a tap root system.
2. The main root develops from the root of the embryo.
3. The main root is clearly visible in tulip, onion and garlic.
4. Everything that a plant has in the soil is roots.
5. Adventitious roots are formed not only on the stems, but also on the leaves of some plants.
6. Oats, rice and wheat have fibrous root systems.
7. Lateral roots develop on the lower part of the stem.
8. Adventitious roots develop on a rose cutting placed in water.
9. Lateral roots, unlike the main one, do not branch.
ten . Plantain has a tap root system.
11. Adventitious roots are formed only on the main root.
12. The main root is clearly visible in the root system of beets and turnips.
Sh. Complete the sentences.
1. Through the root, the plant receives from the soil ... and ....
2. If the main root does not develop or does not differ from numerous other roots, then the root system is called ....
3. All the roots of a plant make up it….
4. On the main root and adventitious roots develop ... roots.
5. The root grows in its length ....
6. Root hair is ...
7. The main root is ..
8. Adventitious roots are..
9. The suction area is easy to recognize by the presence ...
