Any violation of the construction technology of load-bearing structures is fraught with the opening of cracks. In 90% of cases, the reason is the foundation of the house (soil) or the foundation, which is enough to strengthen using one of the technologies below.
If the crack on the wall surface is horizontal (girdle, local), the foundation has nothing to do with it. The reason often lies in the sagging of the jumpers or rafter system. In the absence of puffs hanging rafters trying to push opposite walls.
There are several main reasons if the foundation sank, cracks appeared in the house. Traditionally, the main ones are:
- areas under the base, consisting of subsidence soils - rupture of the foundation tape, change in the geometry of the structure;
- swelling forces - uneven loads tear the foundation, the walls warp;
- violation of construction technologies - low grade of concrete, loading of the foundation to a set of 70% strength, low coefficient of reinforcement, corrosion of reinforcement, winter concreting without heating.
If the foundation has lost its integrity, restoration is necessary, in other cases it is enough to strengthen the base under the sole of the tape on separate sections. There are several technologies for this.
Attention! The crack is a "pointer" that makes it easier to find the boundaries of subsidence or swelling soils. This makes localization easier. repair work specialists.
There are slopes and vertical cracks with a divergence up or down, indicating the nature of the deformation as accurately as possible:
- a vertical slit, diverging upward, in the middle part of the wall - swelling of this particular area;
- the gap is vertical, the discrepancy downwards - subsidence of soils in the middle of the house;
- a similar defect with a divergence downward - swelling on both sides of the wall due to lateral freezing;
- inclined crack from the corner to the center of the facade - sank backfilling adjacent wall;
- inclined crack from the center to the corner - the shrinkage funnel is located directly under this crack;
- cracks converging in the form of an arch - soil subsidence in the central part of the foundation tape.
A crack in the wall radiating upward.
After determining the cause, in any case, it will be necessary to expose the foundation with a trench close to the tape for carrying out measures to strengthen the soil, lay drainage, establish bulls, make a clip and other work.
Soil strengthening
If the foundation has vertical movements on soils with low design resistance to loads from the weight of the building (embankment, peat bog, dusty sand), it is necessary to strengthen the foundation according to the technology:
- lifting the foundation with jacks - to the design level in compliance with safety measures (partial or complete unloading with props), meaning the lifting of sagging parts;
- drilling of pits - for immersion of injectors with a diameter of 20 - 40 mm;
- filling voids with liquid glass (silicification), cement laitance (cementation), synthetic resins (tarring) or hot bitumen (bitumization).
These substances reduce water permeability, fix unstable soils, increase the design resistance ( bearing capacity) bases. The disadvantage of this technique is the need to use professional equipment, capable of injecting binders under a pressure of 5 - 10 atmospheres. Other methods are not available for an individual developer; they are used by restoration teams for architectural monuments.
Attention! These actions may not be enough, because if the foundation sank in a separate area, this means its destruction in 70% of cases. Instead of the costly demolition of the building, tape recovery methods are used.
Foundation reinforcement
There are several ways to strengthen the foundation tape, depending on the condition of the reinforced concrete structure:
- unloading - the introduction of beams into load-bearing walls to support masonry;
- restoration of bearing capacity - drainage for the removal of soil, soil, surface water, relocation, replacement, protection against mechanical damage (weathering, corrosion);
- increase in bearing capacity - clips made of monolithic concrete, brickwork, reinforced concrete slabs;
- hardening - epoxy, polymer resins, cement mortar, penetrating compounds are introduced into the drilled holes;
- special methods - screw, pressed piles, "bulls" in the corners, injection of cement mortar into the masonry.
If the foundation has non-through cracks caused by weathering, the surface is plastered or tarred, covered or impregnated with penetrating mixtures. Tarketing is called pressure (0.4 - 0.6 MPa) spraying with cement milk with a minimum amount of quartz sand.
To strengthen prefabricated foundation clip, apply technology:
- tape exposure - a trench along the wall to a depth just below the sole;
- reinforcement - own frame by analogy with a strip foundation, installation of bars in holes drilled in the foundation, tying them to the frame rods;
- formwork - below the blind area or to the entire height of the basement;
- concreting - standard laying mixtures.
After stripping upper part clips, towering above ground level, protected from moisture by ebbs.
Attention! Unlike the underlying layer created during the construction of the foundation, non-metallic materials under the widening (cage) are tamped into the ground without laying geotextiles.
Reinforcing clip around the foundation.
In the manufacture of reinforced concrete clips, the following points should be considered:
- width - from 15 cm on each side for reinforced concrete, from 20 cm for concrete;
- the thickness of the underlying layer - from 10 cm of crushed stone or sand;
- anchoring with existing tape - rods with a diameter of 20 mm to a depth of 12-25 cm, rod length 25-40 cm, step 1 - 1.5 m;
- clip reinforcement - mesh with a cell of 15 x 15 cm for the lower belt, 10 x 10 cm for the upper belt;
- concrete - class B10 - B15.
When restoring brick strip foundations crushed stone must be removed. When repairing reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to remove the film of oxides from the surface, increase the roughness with a notch.
If it is not possible to increase the bearing capacity of soils under the foundation (the thickness of the loose layer is significant), the technology of reinforcing the underground structure with piles is used:
- short driven pipes - pipes with a diameter of 57 - 89 mm with a pointed tip made from their body (similar to SHS, but without a blade) are driven in next to the foundation, embedded in a clip;
- screw remote - SHS are immersed around the perimeter, the building is raised, the heads are tied with a metal grillage, the house is lowered onto a new foundation (suitable for wooden houses);
- "bulls" - the method is used when corners sink, screw piles are screwed obliquely from both sides of the corner, a beam (I-beam, channel) is welded onto their heads, on which the corner of the foundation rests.
The advantage of the technology is the unloading of the existing foundation. Piles are guaranteed to pass through unstable horizons, resting on a bearing layer with high resistance.
These measures are usually carried out in a complex, since during the subsidence of individual sections, the integrity of a monolithic or prefabricated structure is violated. For example, if the foundation partially rests on subsiding soil, the foundation is first strengthened, after which the reinforced clip is poured. Using screw piles there is no need to strengthen the base, however, after raising the foundation to the design level, it must be filled with concrete or cement mortar voids underneath.
Another option for strengthening the foundation with piles.
When the clip is deepened by 0.7 meters or more, standard thermal insulation measures are taken. This is necessary to reduce pull-out forces during swelling:
- vertical surface of eps styrofoam ferrule high density+ horizontal thermal insulation of the blind area with a width of 0.6 - 1.2 m at a depth of 0.3 - 0.4 m;
- sand, crushed stone of the sinuses of the trench + at the level of the sole of the clip;
- or crushable-sliding thermal insulation - rigidly fixed on the vertical surface of the EPSS holder, polyethylene film(attached only in the upper part), expanded polystyrene PSB-S without attachment to the clip (pressed against the film with backfill material).
In some cases, it is possible to sufficiently strengthen the foundation in certain areas and strengthen the foundation in one of the indicated ways, but sometimes this may not be enough.
If you have wooden house, we additionally recommend that you read the article:.
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Due to the movement of the soil layers, the entire structure rolls, then to one side, then to the other. But the building itself stands solidly, due to the good.
In the event that a crack appears in the wall of the house, this may mean that the foundation is doing its job very poorly. But there are many more reasons why cracks can occur even without destroying the foundation.
If a supporting soils will not evenly take the load, the tape will deform more than the walls of the building can withstand.
It's easy to do this:
If the markers remain intact or the cracks expand or narrow, then this means that the foundation is doing its job well, and there was stress in the wall materials that splashed out in the form of cracks.
To strengthen the wall in the emergency area, apply:
- Reinforcement with carbon fiber or steel mesh, from the outside;
- Metal frames or anchor fastenings;
- Reinforcing elements that are laid along the strobes;
- Use the injection method.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to equip the drainage system.
In the event that no measures have helped, then the problem of cracking must be looked for in the foundation.
The reason for this is not only the formation of cracks in the building, but also significant flaws in the foundation.
Faults that have formed locally in the foundation must be eliminated immediately.
It is not necessary to exclude the moment that the cause of cracks may also be an initial miscalculation in the design or non-compliance with the requirements during the construction of the building.
So before you start building, consider all the nuances. Well, if troubles did occur, then after reading this article you will know what to do.
We hope that the information in this article was useful to you. We wish you good luck!
The content of the article:
Cracks in the walls are a diagnostic sign of a change in the stress state of enclosing structures. The reasons for the appearance of these shortcomings can be very different, but the vast majority of them are associated with deformations of foundations that exceed the limit allowed values for bearing walls. Such damage can reduce the structural reliability of the building and its performance. If cracks are found in the walls, they are inspected, the nature, place and cause of deformation are established. Based on these data, the necessary technical measures are planned and carried out.
Types and causes of cracks in the walls
Wall cracks can be classified by dividing them into groups:
- Due to: shrinkage, deformation, temperature, structural, as well as those resulting from wear or weathering of the walls.
- By destruction: shear, crush and tear.
- In direction: inclined, vertical and horizontal.
- By outline: curvilinear, straight and closed (not capturing the edges of the walls).
- Depth: through and surface cracks.
- According to the degree of risk: dangerous and not dangerous.
- Over time: stable and unstable cracks.
- According to the size of the opening: large - more than 1 mm, small - up to 0.3 mm, hairy - up to 0.1 mm, developed - up to 0.5 mm.
- Uneven compression of soils. At the same time, the cracks on the walls are inclined and reach their edges. By the magnitude of the opening of cracks and their direction, it is possible to determine the type of settlement and deformation of the building, as well as to find the location of the cause of the defect. In addition, precipitation can occur from uneven loading on foundations, soil leakage into old pipes, damage during construction, and for other reasons.
- Availability of extensions or add-ons. They cause a change in the state of the foundation: an additional compressive stress appears under the building in the ground, as a result of which the foundation settles. At the same time, adjacent walls can have inclined cracks with the direction "down", and the opening - "up". The same phenomena often occur when a partial superstructure occurs along the length of the building.
- Uneven load on the foundation along the length of the building. Longitudinal walls of buildings often have glazed areas of considerable size, turning into blind parts of above-ground structures. All of them create different loads on the foundation, making its settlement uneven. With a large load from floors on the longitudinal internal walls, settlement can also occur. Cracks appear in the corners of the transverse walls.
- Construction of a pit near existing building . In this case, the building is located near the slope or on it. Soil shifts capture the foundation area, and inclined cracks appear in the walls from the side of the pit. Sometimes the slope of the adjoining wall is associated with the threat of its collapse.
- Interaction of adjacent foundations. In this case, the stressed sections of the foundations overlap and increase the local compression of the soil. They have an inclination to each other, subject to the simultaneous construction of buildings, if the buildings are built in different time, the slope is towards the building, which was erected later. An existing, for example, building on piles can receive settlement and inclined cracks in the walls with a new building located close to it on a natural foundation.
- Effect of surface loads. They can arise from storage close to the walls of industrial raw materials, building materials or products. From the impact of such loads, the compression of the soil and the settlement of the foundation appear, causing cracks.
- Dynamic influences. These include the movement of loaded vehicles, driving piles, the operation of compressors and hammers in production shops, etc. Such impacts affect the foundation soil and can lead to the formation of cracks in elevated structures. At the same time, sandy soils are compacted, and clayey ones soften. As a result of such processes, foundation settlement occurs.
- Soil freezing and thawing. Freezing of the bases can cause the foundations to be raised by heaving forces. This process is especially dangerous for buildings under construction, when their walls are light in weight and have low bending rigidity. The walls on which all other floors must be erected receive numerous cracks, which negatively affects the further work. The settlement of foundations during thawing of the soil is greater than during its freezing, while the walls can get new cracks. The presence of basements often exacerbates the situation: it is possible for the outer walls to detach from the transverse partitions. Cracks in this case occur along the entire height of structures and can cause a violation of their stability.
- Temperature deformations. They can cause cracks if the building is long and there are no expansion joints. Damage in this case occurs in the middle part of the structure, the cracks have a vertical direction.
- Shrinkage deformations. The cracks arising from their impact usually appear in the corners of the wall openings of large-panel buildings and have a radial direction. Such damage is not dangerous. Small closed, randomly located or oriented cracks sometimes appear on plastered walls, not reaching the corners. Their cause is the shrinkage of a solution of high fat content.
- Wall overload. It leads to crushing of the masonry and is accompanied by the appearance of cracks in the supporting structures, pillars and piers. The cracks are closed and have a vertical direction. They are the initial sign of wall collapse and are extremely dangerous. Local deformations during overloading of structures of old buildings are manifested by cracks in the places of supports of beams and trusses.
- Material wear. Periodic changes in temperature and air humidity affect the integrity of brick walls. Due to weathering, small cracks may appear on them over time. They are shallow and massive structures pose no danger.
Before you close the cracks in the wall, they should be carefully examined. During visual examination of cracks, the depth of their opening, age, location and direction are determined. In the event of damage to the walls at different times and various reasons their analysis becomes much more difficult.
For it, you need to have documentation on the history of design, engineering geology, operation of the building, location underground utilities and working draft. For a visual presentation of the results of the survey, cracks are indicated on the drawings internal walls, facades, then numbered indicating the beginning of their disclosure in this moment by time.
The technology of eliminating cracks in the walls
After diagnosing wall cracks and eliminating the causes of their appearance, problem areas can be sealed in various ways.
Seal permanent cracks in the wall
Cracks of small depth can be repaired by plastering with mortar. When kneading, cement putty or PVA glue should be added to it. Plastering should be carried out on a previously prepared section of the defective surface. To do this, before eliminating a crack in the wall, the problem area and the area adjacent to it must be cleaned of destroyed fragments and dust, primed, and a special reinforcing tape should be applied to the gap.
cracks medium size disclosures are eliminated using metal mesh. In this case, the destroyed wall covering must be removed, and the resulting solid base should be primed. Then, along the crack, holes should be drilled in increments of 30 cm for mounting dowels, insert them and fix the mesh with screws equipped with wide washers.
The mesh size of the metal mesh is 5x5 cm. If it is necessary to apply several mesh strips to a large emergency area, they overlap by at least 10 cm. plaster mortar must be applied to the wall through the grid. After that, the surface should be slightly leveled, wait for it to dry completely and apply finishing layer plasters.
You can effectively eliminate a crack in the walls with mounting foam. During polymerization, it slightly increases in volume, so its dried excess must be cut off with a knife, and then cover the problem area with any suitable finishing material: plaster, paint, etc.
Elimination of unstable cracks in the walls
Determining a progressive crack is easy. This will require strips of paper that need to be glued in the middle, bottom and top across the crack. If after a while the strips break, you will need to look for and eliminate the causes of the defect.
stop development large cracks having a significant opening, you can install a channel (anchor) or metal plates. The work is done in this way:
- First, it is necessary to knock down the plaster from the emergency section of the wall, focusing on the length of the selected plate. If it is 1 m, then the surface should be cleaned 50 cm on each side of the crack. The depth of the resulting strobe should be equal to the thickness of the plate.
- Its fastening is carried out depending on the material and thickness of the wall by means of dowels or long bolts. For the latter option, through drilling of the structure is performed.
- The crack and strobes should be cleaned and filled with mounting foam, and then the anchor should be inserted into the recess and fixed with fasteners. It is recommended to install the screed system in three places of the problem area: across near the end and the beginning of the crack, as well as in its middle. After that, it is necessary to fix the reinforcing material in the emergency area and perform plastering.
- They can be made from rebar. After selecting the rods of the desired length, their ends should be bent at a right angle by 15-20 cm.
- Then, across the crack in several places, it is necessary to make grooves so that the brackets sit in them deeper than the level of the existing wall surface. For example, with a reinforcement diameter of 10 mm, the depth of the furrows should be 13-15 mm.
- The ends of the brackets must be inserted into the pre-drilled holes. Staple driving is excluded, since this process can lead to crack expansion.
- After installation required amount staples, you need to follow the standard procedure: cleaning the surface, priming it, reinforcing it and plastering it.
How to remove cracks in a drywall wall
These coatings are characterized small cracks. Defects in the form of a cobweb indicate that when finishing the walls, too much layer of gypsum putty was applied to the plasterboard sheets or the thermal regime was violated when it dried using heaters and hair dryers. Vertical or horizontal cracks usually occur at the junctions of sheets. The sources of such defects may be the weakening metal frame walls or the absence of reinforcing tape on the seams of the plasterboard.
You can get rid of the "cobweb" only by removing the damaged layer and applying a new one, its thickness should not exceed 2 mm. If you need to apply another layer, you need to wait for the previous one to dry.
When the frame is weakened, sealing cracks in a wall made of plasterboard is very problematic. And when reliable fastening covering its defects can be easily eliminated:
- Cracks should be cut at an angle of 45 degrees with a sharp knife.
- The resulting grooves should be filled with gypsum mixture.
- Apply reinforcing serpentine tape on top of the closed crack, then level the surface with putty and sand with an abrasive mesh.
How to fix cracks in plaster walls
Before the cracks in the wall can be covered up, the loose plaster must be completely removed, and then primed and a new coating applied. Before performing this work, you should read the instructions on the packaging of the material. It indicates the proportions of the batch and the recommended layer thickness.
You can hide the existing cracks in the plaster with the help of fiberglass. It will counteract the expansion of old cracks and the formation of new ones. Before starting work, deep grooves should be sealed with gypsum putty and a penetrating primer should be applied to the wall.
How to remove cracks in the walls of log cabins
Cracks in the walls of wooden buildings arise from the influence of moisture from the inner layers of a log or beam. The formation of such cracks can be minimized by means of a compensation recess, which is sawn along the entire length of the log to a depth of no more than 1/5 of its diameter.
Formation of large cracks in old wooden buildings is not a reason to panic. These defects do not pose a danger and absolutely do not affect the performance of the walls. An example of this is the cracked log cabins erected in remote villages decades ago.
Therefore, the repair of cracks in the walls of log cabins is only aesthetic in nature. Can be used for this various materials but none of them are durable.
The sealant does not provide long-term adhesion to the wood, the cracks in it will have to be repaired every 2 years, applying new layers on top of the old ones. Wood, absorbing and releasing moisture depending on the season, periodically changes its volume. For this reason, any sealing material peels off.
The best solution for sealing cracks in timber or logs is caulking cracks with linen hemp braids or moss.
Prevention of cracks in the wall
As mentioned above, the main causes of dangerous cracks are foundation deformations. Therefore, when designing them, it is necessary to comply with a number of requirements:
- Columnar foundations located in heaving soils must be fastened with lower straps or grillages.
- In houses with ground floors or technical basements, recessed walls are best made in a monolithic design. At the same time, it is not recommended to connect them with reinforcement into a solid structure with a slab foundation.
- The foundations of heaving soils should not freeze under slab foundations with the built box of the house.
- The widening of the drilling supports should be located below the level of freezing of heaving soils.
- Dismantling of emergency walls and installation of new block or brickwork;
- Production of a monolithic concrete reinforcing belt;
- Replacing or strengthening supports;
- Restoration of the blind area;
- Increase the length of the bearing walls and strengthen the walls.
Most of the cracks that appear on the walls of houses are due to violations specifications, rules, building codes, lack of supervision over their observance or low qualification of performers. Therefore, when building buildings, it is important not to allow all this. Good luck!
An unexpectedly opened crack in the brick wall of a newly built
or a residential, public or
production building is a signal for the occurrence
pre-emergency situation, the causes of which must be found and
possibilities to eliminate.
A crack is the first sign of danger
cracks
along the vertical and horizontal seams of the masonry of the walls of buildings there are no
only in brick buildings: very popular in recent times construction can have the same problems. This means that defects
this kind of single roots, independent of the size and material of the stones,
from which the walls of a building or structure are laid out. small width
crack opening does not affect appearance buildings and, photos of which can be viewed on our website, maintain strict
the geometry of the seams on their facades.
However, when the crack width
exceeds 5 mm, such a defect becomes visible from afar. Except
negative visual impression, the crack is a conductor
cold, and the water that got into it and subsequently frozen is capable of
accelerate the destruction of the wall. Such deformations occur not only in
high-rise buildings, for manor-type houses a crack in a brick
the wall is also not uncommon. 
It is very important to see the damage
masonry, do not delay the determination of the causes of its occurrence and the way
elimination, and contact the experts. It is difficult to detect wall deformation in cases where
hinged facade system covering the surface of a brick
walls, but the most dangerous –
through cracks that can be detected
not only from the outside, but also from the inside.
Causes of cracks in the wall
A powerful impetus for the occurrence of wall deformations is the uneven subsidence of foundations, which can be caused by:
- unreliability or incompleteness of engineering-geological surveys. For example: interlayer was not detected weak soils, mechanical
characteristics of which are insufficient for the perception of the load from
building structures. Or: at field work during the extraction of cores, a violation of their structure occurred, due to which they were incorrectly determined
strength parameters of soils, which led to the subsidence of the structure. - initially incorrectly executed base or foundation. Here may
be poor performance of waterproofing and drainage, which led to
soil soaking under the building, or a small area of the base of the foundation,
because of which the load on the ground turned out to be more than permissible. - misuse engineering systems building. In this case, a crack in the brick wall may occur due to plumbing leaks.
or sewerage, followed by soil soaking.
Exists the possibility of appearing on the site ground water
who changed their course
because of the new buildings that have arisen in its path. Such situations are often
arise during the construction of large areas, when engineering and geological
surveys are not carried out over the entire territory, but for each
individual area separately. In this case, there is a risk
change the direction of groundwater movement in an unpredictable
direction. 
A crack appeared in the wall. So what to do?
Should
know what to do when the crack in the brick wall is already
appeared. First of all, it is necessary to invite specialists who
will be able to find the causes of deformations and determine methods
prevent their further development. Also since the discovery
cracks, cement grades should be installed on them: in 2-3 places along
the length of the crack, make small rectangles of cement mortar
a few millimeters thick in order to understand whether the
deformation further or it has already stopped. If the stamps remain intact
for 2-3 weeks, which means, most likely, a drawdown
is over and you need to think about how to repair the cracks in order to save and
appearance at home, and prevent freezing of the wall in this place. If
stamps are cracked, then the deformations continue, and it will be necessary to develop and
carry out serious, costly measures, including the possible
reinforcement of walls and foundations.
Most often, to exclude the possibility of further soaking of the foundation soils, the following measures are recommended:
- reinforced device pasting waterproofing basement and basement walls. For this you can use
various welded roll materials offered trading network in
a wide range. - repair and increase the width of the blind area, as well as
device drainage system along the perimeter of the building, which will allow
prevent soaking of base soils by rain and melt water. - inspection and repair of pipeline joints passing in the basement of the house and next to it.
If a
these measures will not be enough, then the foundation will have to be strengthened.
One of the most effective methods gain is a device
inclined piles that are brought under the foundation finished house and
transfer loads from its weight to the ground, which has the necessary
strength characteristics. After completing the repair work
causes of drawdown and prevention of the possibility of its occurrence in
further, a crack in a brick wall can be sealed for the entire
depth. 
The reasons leading to the appearance of cracks in brick houses, a great many. These are both unforeseen seismic activity and mechanical damage, and mistakes made during construction. For example, cracks can occur due to incorrect binding of the brickwork of the load-bearing walls of the house. What to do if the crack in the wall brick house already appeared? In any case, the house will need both superficial, cosmetic, and extensive repairs with the elimination of the causes of damage, if they appeared due to a violation of construction technology. If the base and walls of the house are not strengthened in time, then one small gap can provoke a skew. load-bearing structure and irreversible deformation of the house.
Causes of wall damage
There are several main reasons why a gap may appear in the wall.:
- Regular natural rainfall at home for more than 1-2 years ( great importance has a choice of foundation that is acceptable for construction on a specific type of soil) and natural shifts.
- Subsidence and further cracking of the foundation due to regular washing away of groundwater or a poorly distributed load, giving a skew at one point.
- Freezing of the foundation and further destruction after another change in temperature.
- Strong load on brickwork. Under such circumstances, cracks appear not only on the walls, but also on the pillars. Feature cracks that appeared due to excessive pressure - vertical direction and isolation.
- Violation of the pouring technology at the stage of building the foundation of the house, poor-quality materials and their incomplete drying.
Strengthening the foundation
Serious problems with the integrity of the structure require a total restructuring of the foundation:
Strengthening the foundation of the house - First of all, along the wall with a crack to the level of the horizon of the base, you need to make a deep trench. The width of the trench should not exceed the thickness of the foundation.
- After that, the crack needs to be slightly expanded, cleaned from weakly reinforced stones and cement that binds them.
- The expanded and cleaned area is drilled under the reinforcement horizontally and vertically. Reinforcing bars required right size twist with anchors and fix them by welding. The distance between the rods depends on how wide the crack needs to be repaired.. This reinforcement is made as a further link to the skeleton of the new reinforcing base.
- Now you can make the formwork and pour concrete into it. To prevent new cracks, all work with the base is carried out only after it has dried.. You can also occasionally sprinkle it with water so that it hardens evenly.
The solution will dry for a very long time - at least a month, only after this time it is possible to tamp the site and make a blind area.
These measures will stop the destruction of the walls, and only after they have been carried out, it is possible to proceed to the direct elimination of defects.
Elimination of defects
Reconstruction of a brick wall After strengthening the foundation, cosmetic sealing of cracks in brick walls . In order to make sure that new cracks are no longer expected, it is worth sticking pieces of paper in places of damage and monitoring their integrity. If the paper does not tear, you can start restoring them.
Small, shallow cracks can be repaired with cement mortar by first cleaning their edges and knocking off unstable pieces of material and adhesive mortar from them with a hammer. To make the adhesion with the new solution stronger, it is worth moistening the edges of the gap with water. Middle gaps should be sealed with a mixture of sand and cement (3: 1 ratio).
Seal of large cracks
Reinforcement with plates In order to eliminate large (more than 1-2 centimeters wide) connectors, you need to do much more operations, which are discussed in more detail below.
First, you need to completely disassemble the entire area with a crack, starting from the top rows. All unstable and collapsing bricks must be replaced with new ones. During the laying of new brickwork, they need to be additionally reinforced. If the gap occurred in the knot of brick walls, reinforcement can be made using a strip of steel strip, bending its ends to the sides of the masonry and fixing it with bolts.
If it is not possible to dismantle the wall, the cracks in the brick walls are sealed by throwing crushed stone with cement mortar into large crevices and strengthening with a metal strip fixed with anchors.
a - installation of a brick castle; b - a brick castle with an anchor; reinforcement with plates with tension bolts (in - flat wall; d - wall corner); e - repair of a through crack with steel brackets; e - repair in the place where the floor slab is supported; g - strengthening of the cracked wall. 1- brick wall; 2- crack; 3 - brick castle; 4 - cement mortar; 5 - coupling bolt; 6 - channel (anchor); 7 - steel lining; 8 - brackets (installation step 50 cm); 9 - floor slab; 10 - brick wall; 11 - corner; 12 - finishing layer. If the cracks that appear threaten the integrity of the building, it is necessary to perform a major strengthening of the wall. Along the perimeter of the house, steel rods are installed with external and inside. The result is a kind of powerful steel belt, covering the entire building.
a, b - steel rods on the outer (a) and inner (b) side of the wall; c - installation of non-tensioned channel bars; 1 - steel rod; 2 - corner; 3 - steel base plate; 4 - channel. If the crack is too deep, you can also apply the cement injection method: for this, one inch holes are drilled along the entire length of the crack at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other. A tube filled with cement mortar is placed inside the hole, and by means of a sealant or a special building syringe, the mortar is injected into the crack, filling it with itself.
Injection method In addition, some developers use mounting foam . To do this, it is blown deep into the crack, dries and is fixed outside with cement.
Sometimes cracks and gaps are so catastrophic that the wall cracks through. In such cases, it is also necessary to strengthen the wall from the inside. To do this, you need to deeply moisten the gap, fill the resulting gap with cement and gravel and install metal linings fixed with anchors. After the mortar dries, you can begin to finish the inside of the cracked wall.
So, repairing cracks in brick walls is an important and challenging task requiring large physical and material costs. However, if such defects are not repaired in time, the house will soon simply warp or deform irrevocably.
