Building blocks: DIY. DIY block machine - simple equipment for making ceramic blocks, cinder blocks, wood concrete, gas silicate and other building blocks Drawings for building blocks

Each of us needs a family and our own comfortable place to live permanently. Some people want to have an apartment in big city, and someone dreams of living in a place where they can grow vegetables and fruits, keep pets, have a house suitable for habitation, and all the necessary outbuildings. But not everyone can afford to build all the necessary premises from purchased building materials. In this case, we think about whether it is possible to build a house from self-made material.

Gaso concrete blocks– a lightweight building material, so when building a house there is no need to strengthen the foundation.

This question was asked by all generations before us, so it has long been known that exact quantity ways to obtain building materials from improvised means.

The most optimal solution in this case, it is building housing on your own from what can be obtained directly on the spot.

Elements of the supporting frame: 1 – the first row of blocks based on mortar; 2 – additional cellular blocks; 3 – ring reinforced belt; 4 – reinforced concrete floor slabs; 5 – heat-insulating gasket; 6 – monolithic reinforced concrete distribution belt; 7 – concrete reinforced lintel; 8 – concrete lintel; 9 – waterproofing; 10 – base.

The most accessible of materials that can be found everywhere is earth, or rather, the soil that is under fertile layer. Since ancient times, residential buildings and other buildings were built from soil, but more often in areas where there was little forest. Blocks were made from this material using plastic molding or compaction, as well as using formwork (soil was simply packed into it very tightly).

For example, if you plan to build a house with your own hands without a basement, then the soil that was removed for the construction of the future foundation will be enough to build the walls of a one-story house. If you make a basement, then the house can already be made two-story. The soil that was removed during the construction of a pool, drainage or well is also suitable for walls.

Previously, it was not possible to mechanize at least some part of the process of manufacturing such building materials, but in our time, of course, you no longer have to mix the necessary ingredients with your feet, because special mechanized devices have been invented for this.

With the advent of special mechanisms, the situation with construction using scrap materials has changed significantly for the better. Using an electrified tool, you can produce material - mix it and compact it. And the result is no worse than in ancient times, but it takes much less time and physical effort.

The authors of the equipment in question managed to create a tool suitable for compacting concrete and other low-moisture construction mixtures and materials, as well as soil masses. And this invention, affordable for many, will make it possible to produce most of the building materials and parts directly at the construction site.

Soil manufacturing technology

Using such a machine, you can form wall blocks from local raw materials, incl. from soil using the “zone injection” technology.

The basis production process This device reproduces a natural effect called “flowing wedge”. Home technological feature consists in the fact that the mold, the molding powder mass and the supercharger simultaneously move in it. And all this without any vibrations or noise. At the same time, such traditional processes as mass dosing, control of product size and pressure that is applied to the punch in similar molding factory installations are not needed.

In the molding apparatus called “Mini-supercharger” MH-05, a dense and uniform structure is formed throughout the entire volume of the mold, and the dimensions of the product always correspond to the shape in all respects. When switching to another material, no equipment readjustment is required. And in the process, the effects of elastic aftereffects, air entrapment and over-pressing are eliminated.

Sequence of laying blocks: a – single-row ligation system; b – multi-row dressing system; c, d – multi-row ligation system using a mixed method (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

MH-05, which has no analogues in the world, is intended not only for the production of single-format blocks for construction needs, with its help it is possible to independently produce bricks, and various racks, blocks, slabs for window sills and much more necessary when building a house with your own hands. Various types of soil, industrial waste, and other materials can serve as raw materials for MH-05.

This molding kit is indispensable for owners of garden and dacha plots, cottages, farmers, landscape designers and architects, as it opens up endless possibilities for individual creativity both when building a house and when landscaping any areas, be it a personal plot or a park.

Everyone has the opportunity to work with this device. There is no need to do anything complicated. And at the same time, the cost of building a house turns out to be several times lower than usual. Here are some parameters of products that can be made on the MN-05 (name, size in millimeters and one-time quantity):

• raw brick from soil block – 65x120x250 – 4 pcs;
• concrete block for paving – 65x120x250 – 4 pcs;
• paving slabs 250x250 – 2 pcs;
• concrete gas stone – 65x120x1000 – 2 pcs;
• flat tiles -120x250 – 4 pcs;
• window sill plate – 50x250x1500 – 1 piece;
• window lintel – 50x250x1500 – 1 piece;
• concrete facing tiles– 250x250x15 – 2 pcs;
• reinforced concrete pillar rack – 65x65x100 – 3 pcs;
• concrete tray – 65x250x100 – 1 pc.

The “flowing wedge” phenomenon makes it possible to obtain unique properties material: its density reaches 99%, which prevents elastic stress, transverse delamination and expansion of compacts from occurring, since air is not pinched.

Production in block form

It is better to make a mold for making blocks with a removable bottom, this will make it easier to remove the finished blocks.

There are other technologies for making blocks for construction and other building materials for the house with your own hands from scrap materials (clay, sand, lime, sawdust, earthen) and from cement.

The technology that we will now discuss is similar to the technology called “tise” (technology + individual construction + ecology), but this one is modified and universal, since with its help you can do building blocks both with voids (sand and cement mortar), and without them (clay, sand, sawdust, cement, lime, earthen).

The durability of structures made from blocks using this technology is greater than that of those made traditional ways, – up to 100 years or more. With the help of such blocks it is possible to construct buildings up to 4 floors.

The process of making a block with your own hands:

• preparing a solution (sand-cement or other);
• placing the block mold in an exactly horizontal position;
• pouring the solution into the mold (and, if necessary, compacting it);
• after 5-10 minutes the pins are removed and internal structures for the formation of voids;
• removing the mold from the manufactured structure, further drying the block.

In this way, you can make up to 40 blocks per day with your own hands. And building blocks made in block form receive significant advantages over panel or brick blocks:

• very significant reduction in construction costs;
• use of economical equipment;
• no need for heavy lifting and transport equipment;
• availability of building materials;
• minimal waste;
• ensuring high strength of the structure;
• high thermal insulation of the house;
• environmental safety and high level comfort;
• There are no high maintenance and repair costs during operation.

Wood concrete building blocks

The main composition of wall blocks includes wood chips and concrete.

Wood concrete blocks are lightweight building wall blocks made from wood chips(usually from trees coniferous species), water, sawdust, chemicals and cement. In the sixties of the last century, the production of such blocks was carried out by more than 100 factories throughout the country. But after panel construction was approved, production was discontinued.

Nowadays, it is possible to make wood concrete blocks for building a house with your own hands, subject to strict adherence to all technological requirements. The requirements of GOST, according to which wood concrete was previously manufactured, require the use of wood particles whose size is strictly 40x10x5 mm. The amount of leaves and needles cannot exceed 5% and there should be no more than 10% bark.

Manufacturing requires a considerable amount of cement, which impairs the thermal insulation properties of the material. It is because of this ideal option Wood chips are considered the main raw material.

Wood concrete is an ideal material for making walls of a bathhouse or sauna.

Experts recommend using sawdust and shavings, because wood shavings can serve both for heat and for reinforcement. The ratio of sawdust and shavings can be either 1:1 or 1:2. Before use, in order to avoid rotting, sugar must be removed from shavings and sawdust, and this requires keeping the material outside for 3-4 months. Without this procedure, the blocks may swell in the future.

During aging, it is necessary to periodically shovel the shavings and sawdust, but if this is not possible, then the mixture must be treated with calcium oxide. A solution is prepared at the rate of 150-200 liters of 1.5% solution per 1 m² of raw material. The treated mixture is left for 3-4 days with stirring several times a day.

For the manufacture of wood concrete it is necessary. Experts recommend using Portland cement 400 grade, and as additives - liquid glass, slaked lime, aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate.

Additives are prepared in an amount of 2-4% of the cement mass. Best combination additives are considered to be a mixture of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% aluminum sulfate or the same ratio of liquid glass and calcium oxide.

Process Features

If possible, you can prepare both shavings and sawdust with your own hands using special machines and processes, but you can also purchase these raw materials in finished form and already processed.

This material is soaked in water with the addition of liquid glass. And to speed up the process of hardening and mineralization of the material, calcium chloride is added to the mass. In order to carry out disinfection, you need to introduce slaked lime.

And only after all these preparations is the mass mixed in a concrete mixer along with cement and other necessary ingredients. Next comes the filling of special forms with the resulting material, and it is necessary to compact the mixture using a manual tamper, a vibropress, or pneumatic or electric tampers.

Material Formation

Experts recommend making molds for blocks from boards and covering their walls with linoleum to make it easier to remove the building blocks. When manually tamping, it is done in layers using a tamper made of wood and lined with iron. Afterwards the block is kept for a day and then removed. Then it is left under a canopy to be fully refined to the required strength. In this case, it should be covered while still wet to allow hydration to occur.

The optimal temperature and period for this is 15 degrees and 10 days. Lower temperatures will require longer soaking time. It is important not to allow the level to fall below zero and do not forget to periodically water the blocks with water.

Expanded clay blocks

You can do it yourself. First of all, to make expanded clay blocks you need to prepare a special mold. You can do it from regular board. The form is made from a pallet and two halves resembling the letter “G”. Boards are needed with inside either treat it with machine oil or beat it with tin. Special closures must be installed at the ends to prevent the mold from falling apart or changing size.

It will be a little more difficult to make a mold with void formers for an expanded clay block with voids, but this is compensated for economical consumption expanded clay mixture. If desired, diagrams for their correct manufacture can be found in articles on this topic.

The size of the form can be arbitrary and depend on the assigned construction tasks, but the following sizes are more often used:

• 39x19x14 cm;
• 19x19x14 cm.

In addition to the form, you will need the following tools:

• trowel;
• shovel;
• buckets;
• container for primary mixing of components with water;
• metal plate for final mixing of expanded clay concrete mass;
• water, sand, expanded clay.

Component ratio

To make a high-quality mixture, you need to take:

• 1 part of the binding material – cement grade not lower than M400;
• 8 parts of expanded clay (approximately 300-500 kg/m³). It should be added that about 5 kg of expanded clay of a fraction from 5 to 20 mm can be placed in a 10 liter bucket;
• sand - 3 parts without admixture of clay and other components;
• 0-8 – 1 part water.

Experts advise adding a teaspoon of any washing powder to the solution to make the solution more flexible.

Correct casting of the mixture

Using a trowel or shovel, you need to carefully pour all the components into a container of water and let this mass sit for some time. Next, it is transferred to a metal sheet and brought to the desired state by thorough mixing.

After ready mix is placed in a mold and subjected to vibration using a special device that creates vibration impulses. You can also get by by tapping the sides of the mold with a shovel.

After two days, the compacted block must be carefully released from the mold by unhooking the closures on it, and in this form it must be left to harden for another 26 days.

A standard block of expanded clay weighs from 16 to 17 kg and requires about 1.5 kg of cement, 4 kg of sand and 10.5 kg of expanded clay. Having made some simple calculations, we find that each block costs about 25 rubles at average cost ready-made expanded clay costs 30 rubles without delivery.

Aerated concrete blocks

To prepare aerated concrete blocks, you need the following components:

• Portland cement;
• quicklime;
• sand;
• water;
• a small amount of aluminum powder.

You will also need:

• concrete mixer;
• block molds;
• metal strings to cut off excess mixture from the top of the molds;
• shovel;
• measuring utensils;
• buckets;
• personal protective equipment.

The components are taken in the required proportion: quicklime and Portland cement - 20% each; quartz sand – 60%; aluminum powder - less than 1% and a little more than 9% - water. All this is mixed in a mixer until it reaches the consistency of sour cream.

Experts advise purchasing molds for casting aerated concrete ready-made, giving preference to metal and plastic forms. And the finished mixture is poured into such forms, filling it halfway, since gas formation will raise the mixture to the rest of the part over some time. And if the mixture rises above the edges, then the excess is cut off with strings.

The mixture is kept in the molds for 6 hours. In this state, the blocks will be ready to be cut into smaller pieces after the formwork is removed from the precast forms. When cutting, it is necessary to form grip pockets and finger grooves.

Then, in industrial conditions, the blocks are placed in an autoclave to gain strength, but these installations are very expensive, so if you make them yourself, the blocks will gain strength in natural conditions.

The removed and cut blocks are kept indoors for another day before they can begin to be stacked on top of each other. Such material can be used to build a house only after 28-30 days, when the blocks have reached their final strength.

Whatever method you choose to prepare the material for building a house with your own hands, in any case, the construction of buildings from it will be cheaper, and in some cases also much more environmentally friendly, stronger and more comfortable than using industrially produced material.

Concrete foundation blocks 20x20x40 cm can be made at home. For this you will need: a form, roofing felt, concrete (sand, cement, crushed stone). Let's talk about how to properly make blocks with your own hands.

The mold is made of wood or iron. It is a durable box, 20 cm high and wide, the length depends on how many blocks you plan to make at the same time. Inside the box you need to make partitions every 40 cm, their number also depends on the number of planned blocks. It is better not to make the bottom in a box. For ease of use, two handles should be attached to the sides. You need to make several such forms, so work will go faster. You can make a mold for one block, but the manufacturing process required quantity blocks will take much longer.

Prepare the solution. The quality of the strength of the blocks mainly depends on the brand of cement. The higher the grade of cement, the stronger the concrete will be. The ratio of sand and cement in the working solution is usually indicated on bags of cement. Into the cement high brand more sand is added. Now the solution is sold ready-made, packaged in bags. Any crushed stone is suitable, but it is better to take fine-grained one. The solution should be thick (so that it sticks together).

The inside of the mold must be wiped with technical oil or diesel fuel so that the concrete does not stick to the walls. We place the form on a roofing material spread out on the ground. We fill in the concrete and compact it well. The concrete should remain in the mold for two days. After this, we remove the form, but the concrete will still be damp, as it should be. Concrete blocks dry naturally; they cannot be dried on purpose. At this time, they need to be protected from the sun and rain (by building a canopy). In two weeks the concrete block will be completely ready for use.

For greater strength of the blocks, at the stage of pouring concrete into the mold, you can add reinforcing wire.

Such concrete blocks are suitable for a basement, and they are also very good to use for the construction of walls and fences.

Using the method described above, you can make hollow blocks for building walls. To obtain hollow blocks, you need to place a wooden beam or a metal frame inside the mold cells.

In the case of making wall blocks, cheaper fillers can be added to concrete instead of crushed stone - expanded clay, slag. The following mortar is perfect for such blocks: cement, expanded clay, sand (1:6:3).

Do-it-yourself foundation blocks of 20x20x40 cm will reduce the cost of construction several times. They will also reduce construction time, since the blocks are larger in size than bricks. Such blocks are suitable both for constructing the foundation and plinth of external walls, and internal partitions. They can also be perfectly used for the construction of garages and outbuildings.

How to make blocks with your own hands. Video

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How to make your own building blocks. Lightweight wall blocks and their advantages. How to make a wall block production of products

You can purchase it at any building materials store or market. special blocks used to construct a building. However, it is not necessary to buy building stone; you can make it yourself.

Wall blocks have many properties:

They are strong, durable, have improved frost resistance and fire resistance. There is also another property of wall blocks - an increase in the usable area of ​​​​the premises due to the thickness of the wall blocks without reducing the quality of heat transfer. That is why wall blocks are confidently replacing conventional construction materials. Wall blocks will help you get high-quality building material at low cost, therefore - quality construction. A house built from wall stones will be comfortable and warm, and will also allow you to save a lot of money. Moreover, the cost of the wall blocks themselves compares favorably with other building materials. Wall blocks create a feeling of comfort due to the fact that they have a heat-resistant effect, so in a room made of wall blocks you will be cool in the summer and warm in the winter. That is why heating costs are one third less than in houses built of brick. Also positive property wall blocks is that walls made from them are much lighter than walls built from brick, thus creating less load on the foundation. This means that there is a guarantee that your house will not only be warm, but also durable and less prone to collapse. Plus, as in geometric progression, your costs for delivery of wall blocks are reduced. Due to their weight (wall blocks are much lighter than, for example, brick), the volumes of delivered material will be greater. So, why should you choose wall blocks to build your house, the pros:

guarantee warmth, comfort, frost resistance and fire resistance

increase usable area rooms due to their small thickness

do not reduce the quality of heat exchange in the room

installed in a short amount of time

their price and the cost of installation are much cheaper than other building materials

DIY blocks

I chose the block sizes 510x250x215 mm (volume of 14 bricks). From scrap sheet iron I welded 11 molds without bottoms. I welded 2 handles on the sides. I spread the roofing material right on the ground and place the form. To prevent the mixture from sticking to the walls of the mold, I wipe them from the inside with a rag moistened with waste oil or diesel fuel. I pour hard expanded clay concrete there. I don't tamp very hard. I remove the first form after filling the 11th - this is about 10-12 minutes. The blocks remain in place for 12 hours. Then I move them under the canopy. They harden at above-zero temperatures for 24 days. I make a canopy from roofing felt, tarpaulin or plastic film. Under it, the blocks will be protected from rain and sun.

Do-it-yourself blocks I tried to make blocks with voids. Inserted two wooden round timber, turned into a cone and wrapped in roofing iron. The void formers can be round, square, rectangular... Depending on how the blocks are laid, the wall thickness is 215, 250 or 510 mm.

For thick walls it is better to make blocks hollow, for thin walls - filled. Conventionally, walls with a thickness of 215 mm without voids can be called cold, 250 mm - semi-warm, 510 mm with voids - warm.

To make half blocks, I insert a sheet of iron into the mold in the center. In the blanks that are used to form openings in the walls of the house, you have to insert wooden plugs to secure the door and window frames.

Do-it-yourself blocks I tried to make blocks using a vibrator, but the solution goes to the bottom of the mold and the expanded clay does not bind. To prevent this from happening, I welded a common mold for several blocks. The vibrator was attached to the side. I made the walls of the mold higher by 1/3 - this is for concrete shrinkage during vibration.

Fillers can be local non-scarce materials: expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. To prepare the mixture, I used cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio of 1:4:1.

The hardest work is preparing the concrete. To make it a little easier, I first made a manual concrete mixer from a two-hundred-liter barrel. Its rotation axis is shifted by 10 cm relative to the center. I welded crosspieces inside. Thus, due to the eccentric rotation of the barrel and thanks to the crosses, good mixing of the mass was ensured. In 8 turns of the barrel the solution was ready.

In this way I made 500 blocks. They were enough to lay a warm barn measuring 6.2x4 m and add a cold barn to it.

Despite the fact that the blocks are much larger in size and weight than ordinary red brick, the masonry techniques and set of tools remain the same. Banding of masonry in corners and on straight sections of walls is also observed. At the beginning of masonry from blocks, it is advisable to make a belt of red brick on the base or foundation (after waterproofing). It should protrude 30-40 mm outward from the base, protecting the latter from getting wet.

Building blocks yourself

The building block of standard sizes is very convenient to use. The laying goes quite quickly, but on the other hand they are not too heavy. In addition, the walls will be of standard sizes, that is, 200 or 400 millimeters. So, the easiest way to make a mold for blocks is from a cement bonded particle board with at least a centimeter thickness. You can also take sheet metal. Honestly, almost any material will do, but when choosing, it is important to consider how durable the form will be, whether it will not become saturated with moisture, how convenient it will be to get ready-made building blocks out of it, and so on. The choice of material for forms should be guided, first of all, by logic. Of course, to make blocks with your own hands in sufficient quantities, one form will be extremely small. It’s better to make about five or ten forms at once, which will be quite enough to get started. Further, if necessary, the number of forms can be increased. Regarding the block mortar self-made, then it is recommended to use one of two options. The first option allows you to make blocks of so-called “cold concrete”. To do this, take a traditional solution, which is prepared from sand and cement in proportions of one to four. In other words, for one part of good Portland cement, you need to take four parts of sifted construction sand. Warm concrete is prepared from cement, sand and expanded clay. The proportions in this case will look like one to four to one. That is, for one part of cement, you need to take about four parts of expanded clay and only one part of sand. Preparing building blocks is not a complicated process. The molds are filled with the solution, the excess solution is removed with a trowel and I try to level it top part block. By the way, the forms should be installed on flat surface so that the solution disperses as smoothly as possible under the influence of gravity.

After a few hours, the blocks can be carefully removed from the molds and laid out to completely harden. They harden within 24 hours, after which the homemade blocks are placed on pallets for storage or taken directly to construction site.

Building blocks at home

Nowadays, you can buy building blocks at any construction market and building materials store. Their assortment today is very large, you just need to make a choice and your order will be delivered directly to your home. How to make building blocks yourself at home But you can go the other way - you can make building blocks with your own hands. So, let's look below at the basic principles of how to make your own building blocks at home.

First you need to decide what size you plan to make the building block. The most common size today is 400x200x200 mm. Blocks of such geometric parameters not heavy, they are easy to lay when building a wall. With this block you can easily make two types of walls, 200 mm thick and 400 mm thick.

To create a mold with which to make building blocks with your own hands. We recommend making the form into several blocks at once; this will significantly speed up the work process and the prepared concrete will be better used. You can make construction ones at home, both solid and with cavities. The mortar for the blocks is made using cement and sand, and the proportion should be 1 to 4 (this is the so-called cold concrete). You can also add expanded clay, sawdust, slag or glass to the concrete mixture (this type of concrete is also called warm concrete). Many people wonder how to make building blocks themselves so that they do not stick to the mold and have a flat and smooth outer surface. To do this, you need to do the following - apply machine oil to the walls of the mold, or even better, oil.

When pouring building blocks at home, the mold must first be filled 45-50%, then compact the concrete and give the mixture a uniform shape. After this, you can fill the form completely, tamp it down again, level the top side, remove the remaining concrete mixture from the brick form and let it harden. Concrete mix you need to let it harden for about 30 minutes. Next, you carefully remove the mold and can carry out the next cycle of work. The blocks will harden completely only after 24 hours. Care should be taken to ensure that the blocks are protected from direct sunlight and rain until they are completely dry.

So, you already know how to make building blocks yourself at home, now you can safely get to work. And if you make a form for at least a dozen blocks for one go, then you will be able to make 120-150 blocks a day without outside help

In any building materials store or market you can purchase special blocks used to construct a building. However, it is not necessary to buy building stone; you can make it yourself. Our article will tell you how to make building blocks with your own hands.

Determine in advance the desired dimensions of the future building block. The most common and most popular size: 400x200x200 millimeters. This building stone is not too heavy, but the wall thickness can be 200 or 400 mm (this depends on personal preference).

Molds must be constructed for future building blocks. It is advisable to use cement bonded particle board 10 mm thick and sheet metal (2-3 mm). The mold for the stone can also be made from wood that has been sanded from the inside.

Make the mold into one or more blocks (this will speed up the process of making building stone). Do-it-yourself blocks can be hollow or solid (depending on personal preference), which affects the design of the mold. For “cold concrete”, prepare a solution for blocks from cement and sand (proportion 1:4), and for “warm concrete” - from cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio 1:4:1. Then fill the block mold halfway with the “raw materials”. Compact the solution (you can use the handle of a shovel) and only after that fill the form with the missing “raw materials”. Level the upper surface of the future block using the construction rule, that is, remove excess mortar with this tool. After thirty to forty minutes, carefully remove the block from the mold, and form a new building stone in it. To completely harden the solution, the blocks are carefully transported to a special place, protected from the sun and rain. The blocks will completely harden in twenty-four hours.

Lightweight wall blocks and their advantages.

In addition to the traditional material for building walls - brick, in private housing construction today wall panels are increasingly used. block materials, such as expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete and foam concrete. What are their differences, features, advantages and disadvantages?

Expanded clay concrete.

Features: Expanded clay concrete blocks are made from expanded clay (foamed and baked clay), used as filler with fractions of 5–10 mm, water and cement. Advantages: By thermal insulation characteristics superior to brick, gas and foam concrete. Resistant to moisture. High strength, frost resistance

AERED CONCRETE

Features: Aerated concrete is produced by adding a gas-forming agent (aluminum powder) to a mixture of lime, cement, quartz sand. The material gains strength when high blood pressure and high temperatures in autoclave ovens. Aerated concrete is porous both inside and outside, i.e. its flow-through. Products are manufactured in factory conditions, so product quality is guaranteed. Advantages: Greater geometric dimensional accuracy, higher rates of heat and sound insulation, strength.

FOAM CONCRETE

Features: Foam concrete (non-autoclaved cellular concrete) are made from a mixture of water, sand, cement and foaming agent. It hardens naturally in special forms. The structure of foam concrete is closed bubbles of different sizes. Products can be produced privately, directly on the construction site. Homemade blocks do not always correspond to the declared characteristics. Advantages: Due to the closed pore structure, moisture absorption is lower. Aerated concrete and foam concrete have high accuracy geometric dimensions, which allows them to be used during installation using adhesive mixtures, rather than ordinary masonry mortar. The thickness of the seam from the adhesive mixture is 2–3 mm, and from the masonry mortar – 10–12 mm. This makes it possible to make the wall almost uniform and as warm as possible.

The common advantage of all the materials under consideration is: The high porosity of the materials provides high thermal insulation properties and excellent sound insulation characteristics. Thanks to the special structure of the material, the walls “breathe”. The blocks are non-flammable, do not melt and do not emit harmful substances when heated. Due to their low weight, they significantly reduce the load on the foundation.

A common disadvantage of all materials under consideration is: Despite the high thermal insulation properties, walls made of these materials require insulation. The porosity of the blocks requires mandatory protection of the building walls from precipitation. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the vapor permeability of the structure.

Aerated concrete and foam concrete have an additional disadvantage: low bending strength. Reinforcement must be carried out every three rows of masonry. Tape required monolithic foundation or monolithic ground floor.

How to make a wall block

Building blocks have a lot of advantages. These include the convenience and speed of construction of buildings, the relative cheapness of construction, and others. Wall blocks are one of the few materials with which you can build a house from scratch almost single-handedly. If you have a lot of free time and not a lot of money, you can try making wall blocks yourself.

You will need

Cement grade M400; - filler (expanded clay, slag, etc.); - SDO additive (saponified wood resin); - sand;

Shovel;

Containers for measuring and stirring the solution;

Block form.

For 1 m³ of expanded clay concrete M75: - cement M400 – 250 kg; - expanded clay – 1.05 m³; - sand – 0.2 m³; - wood saponified resin (WRS) – 0.3 kg;

Water – 0.25-0.35 m³.

For 1 m³ of slag concrete M50: - cement M400 – 200 kg; - slag – 0.7 m³; - sand – 0.25 m³; - lime – 50 kg;

Water 0.1–0.15 m³.

Instructions

1 Select the type of block that suits you best

Wall blocks can be made on the basis of various binding components and fillers. Cement is used as the main component. The choice of fillers is much wider. This can be sand, expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. Depending on the type of fillers and their ratio with each other, it is possible to obtain a material that differs in strength, thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, and frost resistance. When making wall blocks with your own hands, slag or expanded clay are most often chosen as fillers. Slag and expanded clay blocks have good operational properties– high thermal insulation combined with sufficient strength – and at the same time relatively cheap. Slag can often be purchased for free or at a meager price.

2 Decide on the block brand

The strength of a building block, characterized by its grade, is determined by the relative content of cement and fillers. By increasing the amount of cement and sand relative to expanded clay and slag, the strength of the block can be increased. However, it should be remembered that at the same time its thermal insulation properties decrease. It is necessary to find a middle ground between strength and thermal insulation.

3 Decide on the block size

The most common standard size is 390x190x188 mm. However, you can make blocks of any size. Before settling on any specific size, you should determine the thickness of the wall of the building for which the blocks are intended, and then, based on it, select the size of the block.

4 Make, buy or rent a block making machine

You can do without a machine by making the simplest collapsible forms(matrices) made of sheet metal, wood or plastic. However, in this case, a large number of molds will be required, since the poured blocks will have to remain in the molds for some time to harden. Cinder block machines, thanks to the presence of a vibrator, allow you to unload the block immediately after molding. If you plan to make a large number of blocks, it is better to do this using a machine. The time gain will be huge.

5 Prepare the working mixture

Measure out all the components (cement, sand, slag or expanded clay, lime) in the required proportions and mix them thoroughly in the mixing container. After this, add water with SDO dissolved in it. Depending on the moisture content of the fillers, different amounts of water may be required, so add it gradually, stirring and assessing the mobility of the mixture. Don't add too much water. The stiffer (less mobile) the mixture, the stronger the blocks.

6 Fill the mold with the mixture

If you are using manual collapsible molds, when pouring, thoroughly compact the mixture in the mold with a trowel or shovel until the surface is smooth and covered with a thin layer of water. When using a cinder block machine to compact the mixture, it is enough to turn on the vibrator for a few seconds (5-8).

7 While the blocks are curing, keep their surfaces moist. This can be achieved by regularly watering the blocks or covering them plastic film. The blocks should harden while in the shade.

k-oo.top

How to make building blocks with your own hands.

The construction of a house from blocks is progressing faster than from bricks. You can purchase them freely, but many people make building blocks with their own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for building walls. The use of building blocks for the foundation also speeds it up. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic m. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look at it, is not such an extremely difficult matter.

Where to start?

And the beginning of everything is making molds.

Forms

On sale there are molds for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks in sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape from it and weld the shape. Molds are also made from wood; they are good for adobe blocks. There is no need for a bottom here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it will be more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

What's great about DIY building blocks is that they use material that you already have or can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made from cement with various fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers, sometimes do without it. Depending on the selected material, it is possible to produce homemade building blocks of the following types:

• slag concrete;
• blocks based on liquid glass;
• adobe;
• chip concrete or wood concrete.

How the filler is used:

• ash;
• slag;
• dropout;
• crushed stone;
• gypsum;
• perlite;
• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• straw;
• broken bricks and more.

Blocks without cement

Making building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because the mixture contains liquid glass. Unless you negotiate with the nearest concrete products plant and buy the main component there. The mixture will consist of:

• two dozen parts of river sand;
• one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
• 4 parts chalk;
• 3 parts slaked lime;
• 2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

• First the sand is sifted;
• chalk is added;
• everything mixes well;
• slaked lime is introduced;
• kaolin or brick crushed to a powder state;
• liquid glass.

The starting raw material should be homogeneous and dough-like. Before pouring this dough-like mass, wet the inside of the molds. If you wish, you can add color to the building blocks. To do this add:

• chalk of any color;
• red brick ground into powder.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement ones.

Expanded clay concrete blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

• cement - 1 part;
• expanded clay - 5 parts;
• sand - 3 parts;
• water - about one part.

Technology

The technology for manufacturing expanded clay concrete building blocks is generally the same as any other:

• placed in pre-greased molds source material;
• compacted;
• the form is removed after 10 minutes;
• the product remains in place;
• after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct rays of the sun.
• at warm weather the blocks will become hard in a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks with voids are better. To do this, wooden inserts are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be easily removed, before inserting, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

• light weight;
• frost resistance;
• breathability;
• moisture resistance;
• strength;
• low cost.

A house made from expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than from brick; less mortar is needed for masonry.

Adobe blocks

Components

For this type of block, the material is literally under your feet. All you need is:

• clay;
• straw;
• river sand;
• water.

Features of selection

In order for the building blocks to have characteristics that meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of selecting components:

1. It is better to prepare the clay in the fall, cover it with film and let it overwinter - this will improve its quality.
2. First sift the sand, freeing it from impurities.
3. Straw can be taken from the field where wheat, rye or barley has just been harvested. If the straw is left over from the harvest of the previous year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying there, it begins to rot.

• clay - 1 cubic meter m;
• straw - 20 kg;
• sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do this:

• we combine all the components in small quantities and write down the proportions;
• make a batch;
• form a ball;
• leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
• we throw it on the ground at a height of one and a half meters.

If all components are selected in the required proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Did you add more sand than you should? It will collapse or crack. Is there enough sand? The ball will blur. This is how we select the most optimal option in a practical way.

Preparation

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a hole in the ground: round diameter about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 half a meter deep. Line its bottom with polyethylene. Although some ready-made container will do: a trough or an old bathtub. Then everything is done as it was done in the old days: we put on high rubber boots and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

• While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for the products: we select an even sunny place;
• We bring the mixture in buckets;
• fill out forms;
• compact;
• remove excess by running a board along the upper edges of the mold;
• remove the form.

The finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they are not exposed to rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried further. They will be completely ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly, durable, and fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolite)

The technology for making sawdust concrete blocks is similar to making adobe blocks, but the components do not need to be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start making, you need to purchase:

• cement - M300 or higher;
• sand - fraction no larger than 1.8 microns;
• not slaked lime;
• sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

• sift through sawdust;
• mix dry cement and sand;
• add lime here and mix again;
• add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
• pour in water;
• In order for the components to adhere well to each other, add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
• we control the quality of the mixture.

To control quality, we roll the ball and squeeze it in our palms. If water flows, there is too much of it in the mixture; if the ball crumbles, there is too much sawdust or sand.

Let's start production

• Line the form with plastic wrap;
• add the mixture;
• we ram;
• Without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
• remove from the mold and dry further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is large-scale, then it may make sense to spend money on equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for sale for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Issues Russian manufacturer- INTEK company.

Wide Application Found in the manufacture of building blocks were vibrating tables. They solve the problem of compacting mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

• movable table;
• engine;
• control panels;
• sometimes a transformer is included in the kit.

The compaction of the working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by a vibration motor.

Duty cycle

• place the mold on the movable table;
• place half or completely dry mixture into the mold;
• start the engine;
• drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

• up to 75 kg;
• from 75 to 160 kg;
• from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should select the optimal vibrating table option for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are produced by:

• Russian company VPK ;
• LLC "Stroymash";
• "Red Poppy" plant in Yaroslavl and others.

We supply vibrating tables and foreign manufacturers:

• Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
• Germany - Wacker;
• Italy - Batmatic;
• France - Paclite.

Every person dreams of building own house or buy an apartment. Some people like to be as close to nature as possible, while others are attracted to a noisy metropolis. To build a house yourself, you need to have a significant amount of money. However, not everyone can afford to build their own building. In this case, you can make the materials yourself. Moreover, for their production, elementary improvised means are often used. How to make blocks yourself? This question is asked by a large number of novice builders who want to build a house.

To produce blocks, you need soil located under the fertile layer. Naturally, a foundation of this nature is the most accessible. It is known that such a tradition came from places that did not have a large amount of forest. To make blocks, people in those places used the method of molding, compacting or formwork, into which soil was simply packed.

To make the blocks yourself, you can use a mechanical device. Using electric tools, you can get a well-mixed mixture without using your own effort. This way the work goes quickly and efficiently.

To work you will need:

• sheets of metal;
• cement bonded particle board;
• cement;
• sand;
• expanded clay;
• roulette;
• pencil;
• tree;
• emery cloth;
• hammer;
• nails;
• bucket;
• shovel;
• rule.

Building blocks are one of the most popular materials actively used in construction. With their help you can build houses, garages, bathhouses, and outbuildings. The erected walls delight with warmth, solidity, and a good degree of sound absorption.

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Types of building blocks

Any material of this type consists of cement, sand, water and fillers. Using certain ingredients, you can make a certain type of blocks:

Sequence of laying blocks: a – single-row ligation system; b – multi-row dressing system; c, d – multi-row ligation system using a mixed method (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

1. Cinder block, which is based on waste products from metallurgical enterprises. They are used in the construction of utility rooms. Laying such blocks is very convenient. They are not capable of burning or freezing.
2. Sawdust concrete is one of the more convenient materials for installation. It can be cut, sawn, and mounted without difficulty. It has little weight. The sawdust itself serves as its constituent base. To prevent their natural decay and swelling, the day before the bookmarks should be kept in a solution of slaked lime.
3. Block of gravel of various fractions. This material is characterized by its large mass, which creates some difficulties during installation. It is a kind of concrete block.
4. Expanded clay block, which has good properties heat insulator. It is distinguished by its light weight, strong base and ease of installation.
5. Blocks with pine needle extracts, wood shavings, broken stones and crushed waste.

Return to contents

Block production method

Production using block forms. Building blocks can be made using special machines for such production. On any such equipment you can build 1, 2, 3 or more forms. A machine of this nature is represented by a vibrating table and vessels for shaping the blocks. Typical dimensions will be 190x190x390 cm. Removable partitions are provided here, with which you can make tiles different sizes. There are devices for voids, which are 2 or 3 cylinders made of steel. Such a mechanism is simply placed into the block mold before pouring the concrete. As soon as the solution hardens, these devices are removed. The finished block has hollow holes. The presented method of making molds significantly saves cement mortar.

Making the necessary samples using such equipment will not be difficult. In a container, a concrete mixer, a solution with a certain filler is prepared. To ensure that the finished product is easily removed from the mold, the container must be lubricated with machine oil. After this, the cement mixture is poured into it.

Next, the vibrating table is turned on. After 2 minutes the product is completely formed. During the vibration process, excess air comes out of the concrete, resulting in a dense composition, as unnecessary water flows out of it. As soon as the product is formed, the surface should be smoothed with a spatula.

Now the block mold is moved to the place where the product will be dried. An open area with a roof or a special steaming chamber is suitable as such a site. Here it is important to ensure that the surface is smooth and horizontal. It will not be difficult to remove the finished tile from this mold. To do this, the lower base, which resembles a layer of metal, is removed, and the side elements are raised. The dried whole block remains in its place and is not touched for several days. After waiting time, the blocks are moved to any point.

Soil blocks. The blocks are made using a special machine. This is where the movement of the mold, molding powder and blower takes place. Moreover, vibrations and sounds during operation are eliminated. There is no need to control the weight, measure the value and check the pressure in the device.

Wood concrete blocks. Wood concrete building blocks are lightweight materials made from wood chips, most often from coniferous species. It also contains sawdust, water, cement and chemical components.

The modern world dictates its own conditions and allows you to create such materials yourself. According to requirements state standards, wood concrete is made from wood particles, the dimensions of which must correspond to 40x10x5 mm. The numerical indicators of needles, leaves and bark are approximately 5-10%.

To do the right composition, a significant amount of cement will be required. And this will help reduce properties and retain heat. In this regard, wood chips are an important raw material.

Experienced builders often use shavings and sawdust in equal proportions. To avoid rotting, the selected tiles must be aged for 3 months under open air. Otherwise, deformation of the blocks will occur. Do not forget about periodically turning this mass. If this is not possible, then it can be treated with zinc oxide. To prepare wood concrete, you need to take a concrete mixer.

Wood shavings and sawdust are prepared independently using special machines or purchased commercially.

They are filled with water, to which liquid glass, calcium chloride (for rapid hardening) and slaked lime are added as disinfectant. Then the mixture is mixed in a concrete mixer with the addition of cement and some other components. After this, it is poured into molds. As such containers, you can make vessels from boards covered with linoleum. This will make it easier to pull out the finished products.

Expanded clay blocks. To produce such blocks, it is necessary to prepare a mold. To do this, take a board and make a vessel in the shape of the letter “G” from it. The inside is coated with machine oil or wrapped in tin. There should be valves in the end parts that help the composition take the desired shape.

You can make expanded clay blocks with voids. This will significantly reduce the amount of material used, but this work is a little more difficult to do.

In addition to the container itself, you need to use tools such as:

• trowel;
• shovel;
• buckets;
• mixing container;
• metal plate;
• water, sand, expanded clay.

To make the solution more elastic, experienced craftsmen add 1 spoon of washing powder.

Casting rules. To give the mass the correct consistency and elasticity, you should mix all the ingredients and dilute them with water, leaving it to sit for a short amount of time. After this, the mass should be transferred to a metal plate and mixed well.

The resulting mass is placed in a mold, and then in a special vessel that creates vibrations. After 2 days, her shutters open and she is released. After this, the building blocks undergo final hardening for 26 days.

Why make blocks?
What do you need to have for this?
What are the blocks made of?
How to produce them?
Why is it profitable to create blocks yourself?
What is the profit from this?
Where to start and how to develop this business?

In this article you will receive answers to all the questions posed and you will be able to “turn on” for yourself a reliable source of income that depends only on you.

And so, let's figure it out in order.

Why make building blocks?

You have probably noticed that construction has been booming over the last 4-5 years. They build from small and medium-sized private buildings: garages, dachas, estates, workshops, workshops, agricultural buildings, to large industrial and residential buildings, storage facilities, centers. Specialists construction specialties in demand like never before.

New construction technologies and materials are emerging. But are they always available in price and technology to a wide range of developers?

Therefore, they are rarely used in small and medium-sized construction, both in large cities and small towns.

The most affordable building materials remain the so-called cinder block and brick.

Moreover, brick is often inferior to cinder block in price, thermal conductivity and ease of laying.

But hollow-core building blocks are convenient and affordable for most private developers.

Yes, because thanks to its properties:

It is easy to use them to build a low-rise (2-3 floors) structure (garage, house, cottage, outbuilding, workshop, etc.) without even resorting to the services of a mason. (1 block = 3-4 bricks);

Walls made of cinder blocks are sound and heat impermeable;

The price of cinder block is lower than the price of brick, foam block and other building materials due to the low cost and availability of its components (see below);

Only cinder blocks can be made by yourself. You can also make adobe (clay-straw brick) yourself.

So how do you make cinder blocks yourself?

What is needed to produce building blocks?

It is known that cinder blocks were produced by reinforced concrete using special equipment using a steaming chamber. Therefore, the production of a high-quality block at home was not available.

But if there is demand, then supply is inevitable. And it is!

Since 1994, experience in the production of building blocks in private and small-scale production has provided the answer to the question posed.

What is needed for this?

Vibrating machine
- Raw materials
- Technology
- Relatively flat area
- Household network at 220V (no comments).

Let's clarify each point in more detail.

Vibrating machine

Eat different designs vibration machines. In domestic production conditions and small businesses, the manual, electric, small-sized cinder block vibrating machine MZ30 (14th year of production) has confidently proven itself in the CIS countries. Popularly known as "The Developer's Dream"

Raw materials

To produce building blocks, the following components are required:

Cement- Portland cement grade 400. Another one is acceptable. But selection of proportions is necessary. For example, when using grade 300 cement, its consumption should be increased by 10-15%.

Fillers for concrete may be the most different materials: sand, crushed stone, slag, granulated slag, ash, sawdust, shavings, screenings, expanded clay, gypsum, brick scrap and other natural and industrial materials.

Depending on local conditions, requirements for the blocks produced and cost, you can select the appropriate filler. I will list several popular concrete compositions and the main groups of concretes

1). Slag from metallurgical plants (gray or dark gray with high content cement, seeded fine fraction) – 9 parts

Cement – ​​1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

2). Granular slag from metallurgical enterprises (yellow-greenish color with a high cement content, sifted fine fraction) – 4 parts

Small screenings – 4 parts

Cement – ​​1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

3). Other cinder concrete

4). Concrete on sand and crushed stone

5). Concrete on brick waste

6). Expanded clay concrete

7). Ash concrete

8). Sawdust concrete

9). Perlite concrete

10). Polystyrene concrete

and other concretes with different combination listed.

Now it is clear that the current name “cinder block” is not the most precise definition possible building blocks.

Plasticizing additive- This is not an essential component of concrete. But its presence ensures: early strength of the blocks (this is very important with limited production space), improves the quality of the blocks (cracking and abrasion of the blocks are reduced), and improves the water resistance and frost resistance of concrete.

The amount of additive is very small - about 5g per block.

Manufacturing technology of building blocks:

1. Concrete preparation
2. Block production
3. Drying and storing finished blocks.

Concrete preparation(using the example of the previously given 2nd concrete recipe)

1). Fill in 4 shovels of fine screenings + 4 shovels of granulated slag

2). Fill up 1 shovel of cement

3). Mix thoroughly

4). Adds dissolved UPD to 7-9 liters of water + 250 ml (half a half-liter jar). The additive solution is prepared as follows: pour 0.5 kg of UPD into a 40-liter container and mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.

5). Stir. In this case, the concrete is qualitatively impregnated with the UPD solution.

Block production

1). Pour ready-made concrete with a small slide into the vibrating machine. Briefly, for 1-2 seconds. turns on the vibrator - the concrete shrinks, with a trowel, in one movement, you level the surface of the slightly settled concrete.

2). Install the clamp and, without much effort, press on it by turning on the vibrator.

Blocks with round and rectangular voids vibrate for 4-5 seconds. until the clamp is lowered onto the stops.

Narrow full blocks (2 pcs.) vibrate for 5-7 seconds.

3). You lift the machine with vibration - the block remains on the platform.

Drying and storing finished blocks

When using UPD, finished blocks can be removed from the site and stored within 5-6 hours. Without UPD – in two days.

After this time, the blocks do not crumble if the proportions of concrete and the technology for their production are observed.

I recommend storing the finished blocks in pyramidal stacks in one block with a small (2-3 cm) gap between the blocks - for further drying of the side edges.

There are 100 pieces in each such pyramid. Easy to count. It is useful to mark each pyramid with the date and time of production of the last block. This will be useful during implementation. You can ship on the 4th or 5th day.

Production site

1. A room with a smooth concrete floor.

Blocks can be produced all year round. Desirable good ventilation and heating in cold weather.

1. Open flat area.

It can be concrete or earthen, covered with plastic film to preserve the presentation of the blocks (the back edge does not get dirty).

1. An open, relatively flat area without preliminary preparation.

On such a platform you can lay out ready-made blocks on pallets.

Where to start producing building blocks?

1. Select the best local concrete material based on cost and delivery.

2. Calculate the cost of 1 block, taking into account the components of concrete.

3. Decide on the production site.

4. Buy a vibrating machine.

5. Master the given technologies.

At first, concrete can be prepared by hand. Subsequently, it is more efficient and easier - on an electric concrete mixer with a volume of 0.2-0.5 cubic meters (preferably 0.5, taking into account the future).

Why is it beneficial to create the building blocks yourself?

I will give my real costs for aggregate with delivery and cement, calculation of the cost of producing blocks and the payback of the "Developer's Dream" vibrating machine for the production of cinder blocks in Zaporozhye (Ukraine) in 2004 using the example of concrete made from granulated slag (gray) and cement.

Initial data:

8 cubic meters of slag– 30 dollars/car with delivery within the city (KRAZ or large MAZ)

Cement:

Proportion 1:9 - 0.88 cubic meters or 18 bags of 3 dollars = 54 dollars

Vibration machine price– 200 dollars

Total volume of solution:

Proportion 1:9 – 8 + 0.88 = 8.88 (cubic meters)

Volume of solution per 1 GOST cinder block:

Total volume: 39cm x 19cm x 19cm = 0.014 (cub.m)

volume of voids:

With d = 9.5 cm: 3 x 3.14 x 4.75**2 x 15 = 3188 cc = 0.003188 cu.m

Volume of solution per 1 block at d = 9.5 cm: 0.011 cubic meters

Table of calculation results:

Note:

1. For a cinder block with 2 rectangular voids, less mortar is required (but the strength of such a block is lower)

2. By replacing granulated slag with a local aggregate for concrete that is acceptable to you, the prices of your region (in Russia the retail price of a cinder block is higher) and using the dimensions of a cinder block, you can easily calculate the cost of 1 pc/block and the payback of the machine for yourself.

Calculation of profitability and profit:

Note :

1. If you apply UPD, productivity will increase significantly.
2. The record belongs to Viktor Romanov and Sergei Rachmaninov, who produced 700 blocks 390*138*188 in a day in July 1998

Business development and expansion

1. Hire responsible employees, worthy of their interest. (In our city - 20 kopecks (0.04 cents) per block, in the region - 0.02 cents.)

2. When starting sales, reduce the retail price, thereby creating worthy competition and receiving grateful customers and their recommendations. (Important! The quality must be worthy).

3. In the warm season or in a heated room (regardless of the season), work can be organized in 2 shifts.

4. In this case, the entrepreneur depends only on: the presence of voltage in the network and the health of 1 labor force(at the first stage, before payback, you can work with the machine yourself).

5. If appropriate, rent out the machine to “developers”.

6. Fulfill orders from “developers” directly on their site, saving them money on loading, transporting and unloading blocks.

7. In addition, – you will not need permission from the State Electronadzor, since all equipment is designed for a regular household network!
Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 08/13/97 No. 1013, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation No. 86 dated 10/08/2001 and Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 128 dated 12/24/2001, the list of products requiring mandatory certification does not include building concrete blocks with various fillers (slag, expanded clay , sawdust, etc.), as well as vibration-forming equipment for their production.

Thus, the business for the production of building blocks can be developed in stages:

• Start with minimum costs for the purchase of a vibrating machine, 1 machine of local raw materials as a concrete filler, 15-20 bags of cement.

Provide free advertisements for the sale of high-quality cinder blocks.

Produce 800-1000 blocks. Quickly sell by reducing the retail price.

• Purchase a concrete mixer and the next batch of raw materials + UPD.

Level the price to retail (optional).

Post free ads + paid ones.

• Productively, with accumulated production experience, produce high-quality blocks, managing to fulfill orders.

There is no need to advertise anymore: high quality blocks + word of mouth advertising will do the trick.

Organize a 2-shift production of building blocks.

Expand the range of produced blocks.

Purchase additional vibrating machines, and possibly a concrete mixer.

Recruit hard workers

Have time to spend your profits or invest them in a new business that is equally profitable.

What I sincerely wish for you!

Success and Prosperity!!

“Catalog of complete business packages” masterdela.info
mailto: [email protected],
Ukraine, Zaporozhye, August 2005

Expanded clay concrete has good performance characteristics, due to which it is widely used in the construction industry. To build a house from it, it is not necessary to order ready-made material. You will save a lot if you make expanded clay concrete blocks with your own hands. To do this, you do not need to purchase expensive equipment or raw materials.

Required materials and tools

When constructing a building from large quantity expanded clay concrete blocks (for example, you decide to build your own house), you will need to stock up on special equipment:

• a concrete mixer (it is better to take a container of at least 130 liters), depending on the company, its cost can be 9.5-12 thousand rubles;
• manual vibropressing machine: it can be purchased at hardware store for 7.5-10 thousand rubles. or order directly from the manufacturer; molds for filling in such structures are already provided, so there is no need to buy or make them separately; If desired, you can make it yourself from a metal tabletop and an old working engine.

As practice shows, if you have special equipment and a sufficient supply of molds, in a full working day, when working together, it is quite possible to get about 160 blocks. A mechanical manufacturing machine allows you to produce 1-4 blocks in one cycle (1-2 minutes). If you take a few more assistants who will bring, pour in raw materials and drag finished products, then the number of finished products will double.

A small number of blocks can be made without special equipment. In this case, you only need to select a container of suitable size for mixing the solution and make molds for pouring.

Making molds

To make the blocks yourself, you can use both general formwork, and several separate forms. The matrices are assembled from two side parts in the shape of the letter “L” and the tray (bottom) of the product. They can be made from a regular 20mm board, metal sheet or plastic. The standard block has dimensions 39x19x19.

It is better to fasten wooden forms with metal corners and sheathe the inside with thin-walled metal. Otherwise, they will absorb moisture from the solution, which may affect the strength of future products. If metal is not at hand, you can coat the side walls and bottom of the container with machine oil. It will also protect the matrix from moisture.

Voids in the blocks are provided not only to save mortar, but also to create air spaces in the walls to increase thermal conductivity. To create hollow products, three round or rectangular cylinders must be installed inside the molds. To prevent them from moving, they are connected to each other and then screwed with self-tapping screws to the side parts of the mold.

To obtain voids when making a small number of blocks, you can even use ordinary plastic bottles. In such cases, it is better to fill them with water to make them heavier. They must be inserted into the mold after it is 2/3 filled with the solution.

So, our forms are ready. All that remains is to prepare the expanded clay concrete.

Preparation of the solution

It is not difficult to mix expanded clay concrete with your own hands. To obtain a high-quality solution, cement, sand and expanded clay are mixed in a ratio of 1:3:8. Water is added at the rate of 200 liters per 1 m 3, although its amount also depends on the initial moisture content of the dry mixture. To make expanded clay concrete blocks we will need:

• expanded clay with strength P150-200: it is better not to use fractions larger than 5-10 mm, since the blocks will turn out shapeless, and their strength will be significantly lower;
• sand: to obtain high-quality products, gravel-enriched sand is used; ordinary river sand is not recommended;
• cement M400-500;
• water;
• plasticizers: ordinary plasticizers are often used as liquid soap, washing powder or dishwashing detergent, you will need 1% of the total amount of cement; for a 130 liter concrete mixer you can take about 70 g of soap; You can increase the plasticity of the solution not only with the help of soap, but also by adding clay, lime or wood ash to it.

When mixing a high-quality homogeneous solution, it is important not only to maintain the proportions, but also to introduce the components into it in a certain sequence. First, the exact amount of water is measured. Expanded clay, sand and cement are thoroughly mixed together, and only then the resulting dry mixture is introduced into the liquid. The consistency of the prepared solution should resemble softened plasticine.

How to make expanded clay concrete without a concrete mixer? In this case, you will have to work hard, thoroughly mixing the solution with a shovel. In this case, you will have to dilute the solution in small portions - after all, unmixed lumps can affect the quality of the final products. The solution is ready. The last question remains - how to make expanded clay concrete blocks?

Since expanded clay lightweight material, in the solution it will constantly float, which is why the production of a large number of products requires a vibrating machine. In its absence, each form will have to be compacted with a narrow wooden block until “cement laitance” appears. Solid products can be compacted using a hand tamper.

Using a vibrating machine greatly simplifies the work. The solution is poured into steel molds, its excess is removed. Next, turn on the engine for a couple of seconds so that the solution settles a little. We level the solution, remove its excess and turn on the vibrator again for 5-7 seconds. Turn off the car. To remove the forms from the machine, you need to turn the handle all the way.

For more information on how to make durable expanded clay concrete blocks with your own hands, watch the video.

Drying

In the form, the blocks will dry for about 2 days. During humid and rainy periods this time can be longer. It is better to store ready-made expanded clay concrete blocks on pallets of 3-4 pieces in a row. Air gap between pallets will allow finished products to dry more evenly.

The blocks removed from the mold must be finally brought to condition under a canopy, so that direct rays of the sun and raindrops do not fall on them. In hot weather, they are moistened with water and covered with cellophane film. You can start working with them after 1-1.5 weeks. However, the ideal option would be to dry them for a month - only during this time will the cement fully gain brand strength. Before starting work, the blocks must be cleared of irregularities. You can remove dried mortar deposits with a regular knife.

Cost of blocks made at home

Expanded clay concrete blocks made by yourself will be much cheaper in cost. If you want to know how much you can save, do the following simple calculations. From 100 liters of solution, about 10-11 hollow blocks are obtained. To mix this amount of solution we will need:

The cost of 10 blocks will be 201 rubles. 60 kopecks Accordingly, 1 piece will cost 20 rubles. 16 kopecks Let's say to build a 4x7x3 m garage you need 776 blocks. Their cost when made with their own hands is 15 thousand 664 rubles.

The cost of one finished product the average is 80 rubles, that is, 776 blocks will cost 62 thousand rubles. 80 rub. Thus, making expanded clay concrete blocks at home is more profitable - after all, we save a substantial amount of 46 thousand 416 rubles.