Building a house from timber always involves considerable financial expenses. But so that they do not exceed the allotted limit and you have enough materials, you need to calculate the construction of a house made of timber.
Our portal "Remontik" offers step by step steps calculating timber for building a house:
| Consumption of timber per house. | |
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Formula for calculating material consumption for load-bearing walls buildings. |
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Material consumption for the roof frame of a house. |
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Factors that influence the amount of materials needed for a roof frame. |
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Calculation of the amount of material for sheathing and rafters. |
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Number of blanks for constructing beams. |
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Calculation of the number of floorboards. |
Regardless of whether you are planning to build housing on your own or you decide to hire workers for this, you need to draw up an estimate. It will be the basis of all work.
A timber house contains the following structural elements:
- walls;
- roof;
- floor and ceiling logs;
- sheathing;
- rafters;
- fasteners and insulation;
- windows and doors;
- harness.
Consumption of timber for building a house
To build a house for permanent residence timber 150x150 mm, 150x100 mm, 200x200mm or 100x100 mm is used. Before starting work, it is worth choosing the size of the workpieces and calculating how much timber may be needed. Usually calculations are made in cubic meters, and not in pieces.
Calculation form for beams for load-bearing walls
Calculation of timber for building a house can be done using the following formula:
- to begin with, the sum of the length of all the walls of the building is calculated, not just external, but also internal;
- the perimeter must be multiplied by the height of the house, excluding the pediment (the facade of the building, which is limited by the cornice and roof slopes);
- the value you get should be multiplied by the thickness of the timber for construction.
As a result, you will receive the number of cubes that you will need to build a house. As a rule, they are limited to one or two floors.
As a result, to build a house you will need 13.5 m 3 of timber with a cross-section of 150x150 mm. If you plan to use more walls, then it is important to take them into account in the calculations.
For the convenience of calculating the construction of a house made of timber and facilitating the choice, you can use the data given in the table (with a length of 6 meters):
| Beam section | Pieces per cube | Volume of one piece |
| 200x200 mm | 4,1 | 0.24 m 3 |
| 150x150 mm | 7,4 | 0.135 m 3 |
| 100x150 mm | 11,1 | 0.09 m 3 |
| 100x100 mm | 16,6 | 0.06 m 3 |
To make the correct calculation for building a house made of timber, you need to take into account what you cannot avoid when individual construction– even a trusted supplier will have several defective units in one batch. This must be taken into account when purchasing and order blanks with a small margin.
Material consumption for the roof frame
For timber house a rafter system is used, which acts as a load-bearing frame for the roof. Wood is a durable material, but despite this, it should not be overloaded, otherwise it can cause the destruction of load-bearing walls and uneven shrinkage.
The rafter system belongs to the category pitched roofs. Cheaper and easier to build gable roof with your own hands. The technology is accessible to a beginner, and it requires much less material.
Factors affecting the amount of material needed for a roof frame
If you want your roof to be not just beautiful, but also reliable, do not skimp on building materials. It is important not to deviate from the technology when building it yourself.
Frame wooden roof contains the following required elements:- rafters or rafter legs;
- pediment, consisting of timber, similar to load-bearing walls;
- beams (logs) - horizontally located beams that provide the basis for laying the floorboard;
- Mauerlat - a thick layer located around the perimeter of the walls, used to distribute the weight of the frame equally;
- sheathing - attached to the rafters and serves as the basis for installing the roof.
How to calculate the cost of building a quality house made of timber
According to SNiP 31-02, any roof has a number of requirements, taking into account which you need to calculate building materials. That is, so that the frame fully complies with the stated standards and ensures protection of the house from snow, rain and melt water, does not allow cold air, you need to find out exactly how many blanks are needed.
Calculation of the amount of timber for the frame: MauerlatThe amount of material directly depends on the coverage area. For example, we can consider a 6x6 house. For quality basis you will need a thick, strong beam 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm. It is laid on four load-bearing walls, respectively, to make a Mauerlat, you need four beams, each 6 meters long.
Attention! If the house does not require internal load-bearing walls, then it is important that the distance between them does not exceed 8 meters. If there is another support inside the house, then it is worth increasing the distance to 14-16 meters.
For example: 6+6+9+9=30 meters.
The perimeter, namely 30 meters, must be divided by the length of one bar: 30 m/6 m = 5 pieces.
As a result, to build a mauerlat for a 6x9 m house you need 5 bars of 6 meters each.
Calculation of the amount of material for sheathing and rafters
The rafter system is the main support for roofing material, which protects the house from snow and wind.
Calculation of the timber that will be used for the construction of rafters is done using the following formula:
- The total load of wind and snow per 1 m 2 of the roof - it is calculated on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85 “Loads and impacts”. Therefore, for a slope with an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the roof is 6.5 meters and the length of the rafters is 3.5 meters, the load is 226.3 kg/m2.
- Total load – 5148 kg. Now we multiply 6.5 m by 3.5 m and get 22.75 m, which represents the surface area of the slope (5148 kg).
- Then you need to find out the length of all the rafters and how much timber you need to purchase for their construction. To do this, taking into account that 1 linear meter can support a weight of 100 kg, we divide 5148 kg into structures and get 51.48 m. This will be the minimum length of the rafters.
- The roof slope overhangs the wall by approximately 50 cm, which means you need to buy 4 meters of wood.
- It is very easy to calculate the number of pieces: 51.48/4 = 12.87, or more precisely 14, since they are arranged in pairs. That is, you will need 7 pairs.
The rafter system contains and wooden sheathing. For it, boards approximately 2.5 cm thick are used. They need to be positioned horizontally, namely parallel to the ridge.
In this case, the width of the board should not be more than 15 cm. There are two laying methods, which determine the number of purchased timber.
The first is continuous styling, when the distance is no more than 1-2 cm and is sparse. In this case, the flight can reach 10 or more centimeters. The more often the boards lie, the warmer and stronger design, but at the same time its cost increases.
Calculating the quantity is very simple. The length of the board and skate is measured. Then the installation of the skate must be divided by the footage of the board. This way you can find out how many boards are needed for the support strip.
If the width is 15 centimeters and the gap is 5, then the number obtained after addition must be divided by the length of the slope. As a result, you will receive the number of blanks.
Calculating the cost of building a log house is a painstaking task. Therefore, it is important to take into account that everything must be purchased in reserve. Roofing consumption is calculated taking into account the roof surface area. In this case, natural openings are not taken into account - space for the attic door and chimney door, if there is one in the project.
Beam flooring is especially in demand in low-rise construction. They are characterized by a relatively low price, they are quick and easy to make, wood is a durable material and is light in weight. It does not place significant loads on the foundation structure.
Only wood is used for beam ceilings coniferous species. In most cases, this is larch, since it is the most reliable and durable material, able to withstand heavy weight:
- good resistance to temperature changes;
- stable tightness;
- practically does not shrink.
It is worth giving preference to the best preparations that have been dried in steam chambers and have a humidity of no more than 14%. In this case, the aspect ratio should be 150x200 mm or 150x100 mm.
For proper design, in order to perform a competent calculation of materials for timber construction, you need to take into account the width of the span. The larger it is, the more often the beams are laid, and their number also increases. To cover an attic, it is not at all necessary to lay the pieces very close to each other.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the table, which allows you to determine how many pieces you will need:
| Span width in meters | Distance between beams in meters | Optimal workpiece cross-section in mm |
| 3 | 1 | 150x100 |
| 4 | 0,5 | 150x100 |
| 4 | 1 | 150x150 |
| 5 | 0,5 | 150x200 |
| 6 | 0,5 | 150x200 |
| 7 | 0,5 | 150x250 |
This means that for a span of 4 m you need to buy 6 blanks for laying floor beams, starting from a step of 1 m. That is, 4 pieces will be used to cover the span and 2 more will go to the edges near the walls. The cost directly depends on the length of the beam.
Calculation of the number of floorboards
Before calculating how much floorboard you will need, you should decide on its dimensions:
- The optimal length is 4, 4.5 and 6 meters;
- thickness is presented in the following sizes: 32 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm;
- standard width – 105 mm or 100 mm.
If you plan to make a floor from whole boards, then it is worth reducing the amount of waste.
The calculation of material for constructing a house from timber is carried out based on the width and length of the area to be covered and on how the board will be laid - across or lengthwise.The calculations are quite simple. If you know the parameters of the blanks, then you will determine usable area, it is 5-7 mm less than the actual one as a result of the tongue.
Manufacturers usually make boards 6 meters long. It is also necessary to take into account the amount of waste that you cannot avoid.
Calculations are performed as follows:
- Share known area premises by the size of the board area, taking into account only the useful one - this is the amount required for installation.
- When the room has parameters other than 6 meters, it is important to take into account the amount of intact material. To do this, the width of the room is divided by the working width of the floor board.
Based on the information received, you can easily find out how much it will cost you to build a house made of timber. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account such consumables, as roofing material, insulation and additional fasteners. Their number directly depends on the area, house design and other factors.
Conclusion
Building a house made of timber will be much easier than a brick one, and is accessible to every novice owner. After completing the construction calculation, you will receive an approximate amount of the project, which you should focus on when planning your budget.
Wood has always been the most popular material for the construction of houses and baths. Nowadays, the demand for wood remains high. In order not to spend extra money, you need to correctly calculate how much timber you should purchase.
What are the difficulties in calculating the volume of timber?
At the time of preparation, before the start of construction, it is not easy to calculate required quantity timber. The volume is calculated in cubic meters, it is at this point that difficulties begin. It is difficult for the buyer to understand the correct calculation of cubic capacity. It is necessary to calculate so that during construction work it is not necessary to purchase additional quantities of timber. After all, it will be a shame if in the midst of construction work there are not enough boards. Again you will have to run around the market or companies in search of the missing part, and spend your money on delivery. Or, after construction is completed, you will have to think about where to place the remaining material.
timber
If you look at it, there is nothing complicated about it. Let's take the following values as an example.
When calculating, it turned out that 30 boards were required, 6 meters long, 50 millimeters thick, and 200 millimeters wide. All data needs to be multiplied. To do this, all units must be converted into one measurement unit - meter. It turns out that the width of the board is 0.20 meters, the thickness of the board is 0.05 meters. We multiply: width x length x thickness x quantity = 0.20 x 6 x 0.05 x 30 = 1.8 cubic meters.
If the buyer knows how many cubes of lumber are required, he can find out how many boards are contained in a cubic meter. Let's calculate how many pieces are in one cubic meter if the lumber is 200 millimeters wide, 50 millimeters thick, and 6 meters long. All quantities must be divided. Volume/width/thickness/length=1/0.20/0.05/6=16.666.
To quickly calculate, you can use the table. Before calculating the cubic capacity of the timber, you need to find out what parameters it will have.
Beam width (mm) | Beam thickness (mm) | Beam length (m) | Number of cubic meters in one beam | Quantity of timber in one cubic meter (pcs) |
From the table it is clear that in a cubic meter the number of units of timber depends on the dimensions of length, thickness, width. Therefore, in one cubic meter, changing the dimensions, we get different quantities timber.
Subtleties in calculation
In order to use your funds economically and rationally, you need to calculate the number of cubic meters as accurately as possible. But when purchasing, do not take much in reserve, about five to ten percent more, because the timber may turn out to be defective, during operation it may be twisted, and other unforeseen situations may also occur.
No matter the volume of work, you always need to take different ones. For the construction of walls, only one is suitable, on rafter system completely different ones are used. Therefore, you need to carefully plan the design of your house or bathhouse. Using tables or a formula, you should calculate the quantity and required dimensions.
How to independently calculate the cubic capacity of timber for a house
For example, consider the option of a small country house one-story house for summer stay. It was decided to build a house six by six meters with a ceiling height of three meters and make one six-meter partition. Let's calculate the cubic capacity of timber for a house with these parameters. If the house will be used only during the summer season, it is worth purchasing timber with a cross-section of 100 x 100 millimeters. When planning year-round residence it is necessary to make walls from thicker material, the width of which will be at least 150 millimeters.
Calculation required volume timber for the house:
- perimeter: (length + width) x 2 + partition = (6 + 6) x 2 + 6 = 30 meters;
- volume of the walls of the house: (perimeter x thickness of timber x height of walls) = 30 x 0.1 x 3 = 9 cubic meters for summer house. Or 30 x 0.15 x 3 = 13.5 cubic meters for a house with winter living;
- gables: (width x timber thickness x height) = 6 x 0.1 x 3 = 1.8 cubes required for a summer house. And 6 x 3 x 0.15 = 2.7 cubic meters for living in a house all year round.
- Add up the resulting results and add to them 20% of the total volume, for reserve. (9 + 1.8) + 20% = 10.8 + 2.16 = 12.92 cubic meters and (13.5 + 2.7) + 20% = 16.2 + 3.24 = 19.44 meters cubic.
How to calculate the cubic capacity of timber for a bathhouse
Recently, the fashion for holidays outside the city has returned. Young families with children are increasingly purchasing garden plots. Many people wonder how to build it with their own hands and how to calculate the amount of lumber for a bathhouse. If you understand all the subtleties and moments, then there is nothing complicated.
The most popular 4 x 6 meters. It is better to make it from natural timber. When starting construction, you need to decide exact quantity lumber. For external walls use 250 x 130 mm, for internal partitions 130 x 95 mm. Let's calculate:
- Bathhouse perimeter given size it turns out 5500 x 3500 millimeters.
- Each wall requires 21 timber. This is calculated taking into account the size of the floor and the thickness of the ceiling.
- The log house has four walls. It turns out (6 x 2) + (4 x 2) = 20 meters. Converting to millimeters, it turns out to be 20,000.
- We need to find the total length of the beams. For this, the number of beams x length = 21 x 20000 = 420 meters. Converting to millimeters, it turns out 420000.
- Multiplying the resulting amount by the size of the timber, we get 420 x 250 x 130 = 13.65 cubic meters.
To calculate the required amount of timber for the partitions, use the same description with the only difference being that a different size of timber is required, measuring 95 x 130 millimeters. The cubic capacity for partitions is also calculated. For internal walls, timber of a smaller thickness is used.
For large volumes
How to calculate the cubic capacity of timber for big house? In this case, lumber of different lengths, widths, and thicknesses will be required. It will be easier to calculate not the volume of wood (dense), but to use the calculation of the “folded cubic meter”. In the first case, the results are used when measuring each beam separately, without voids. In the second case, all the lumber is stacked, joining beams of different sizes together so that they are the same length. When everything is sorted and evenly stacked, measure the dimensions (width, length, height). The results obtained are multiplied. Now - how to find out the cubic capacity dense timber. To do this, the resulting result of the folded cubic capacity should be multiplied by a special coefficient.
Calculation of crowns
In order to find out the required number of crowns in a log house, you need to divide the height of the house by the height of the beam (working). Let's calculate the cubic capacity of the timber for a house measuring 9 x 9 meters with one cut. For example, we use a beam profiled 140 x 190 millimeters; we need to calculate the number of crowns at a height of 2.5 meters.
Calculation: 2500/130 = 19.23. Rounding up, it turns out that 19 crowns are needed for this height. The length of one crown is 9 meters; you need to calculate how many linear meters there are in one crown, including overcuts. Let's calculate how many linear meters in lower crown. To do this, you need to add up all sides 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 45 meters. To calculate the total number linear meters in a given house, you need to multiply the length of one crown by the number of crowns. It turns out, 19 x 45 = 855 linear meters. Considering the zero crown, you need to add it to the total quantity so that there is a row offset. 2.5 x 9 = 22.5 linear meters of crown halves. 855 + 22.5 = 877.5 m.p., this includes door and window openings.
How to correctly calculate the cubic capacity of profiled timber? To do this, multiply the resulting length of the crowns by the height of the beam and multiply by the thickness of the profiled beam = 877.5 x 140 x 190 = 23.34 cubic meters will be required for a house measuring 9 x 9 meters. When calculating the loss of timber, it is imperative to take into account approximately 7% of the total amount for trimming and sawing.
Advantages of a wooden house built using timber
- No need for internal and exterior decoration Houses. The walls are even and smooth. They look beautiful.
- Moisture does not penetrate the seams located between the crowns. Moisture does not collect on the walls and rot does not appear.
- After a while, after the log house has shrinked, there is no need to caulk.
- The timber has a tight connection with a lock, which protects against blowing.
- Almost no cracks appear and are not deformed during shrinkage.
- Natural material, environmentally friendly.
- Does not require long assembly, assembles quickly, like a construction set.
- The houses have a beautiful aesthetic appearance.
- The house is easy to care for; there is practically no dust collecting on the walls.
- Possibility to paint the house any color.
The calculation technology will differ depending on the amount of timber in the batch. For a small quantity it is very simple: if all the material has same sizes, you must first multiply the cross-sectional area (it will be equal to the width multiplied by the height of the section) of one beam by its length. Thus, you find the number of cubic meters of one unit of lumber, after which you multiply the resulting number by the total number of units - this will be the exact cubic capacity of the units of timber you purchased.
It is very difficult for a non-specialist in the field of woodworking to figure out how to calculate the cubic capacity of timber or other wooden moldings. And this is important, since the sale of timber, boards, bars at sawmills and warehouse stores is carried out precisely in cubic meters, which is what many traders use to earn money in their pockets.
There are at least two enough simple ways calculations that any non-specialist can master and feel confident when buying lumber for the home.
Calculations for small quantities
As mentioned above, here you just need to multiply the cross-sectional area of one beam by its length. For example, 15 units of timber with a cross-section of 150 x 150 mm and a length of 6 meters were purchased. Find the cross-sectional area of the beam - 0.15 x 0.15 = 0.0225 square meters, after which we multiply this area by 6 and get 0.135 cubic meters. - that’s exactly how much one beam has. After this, we multiply the resulting number by 15 (the number of units of timber) and get 2.025 - the total cubic capacity of the purchased timber.
In this very simple and accessible way, you can calculate not large number timber and other lumber.
It is also necessary to remember that there are special tables - cubatures, which will minimize the use of the calculator and greatly simplify the calculations:
— timber 0.10 x 0.10 x 6 m – 0.060 cubic meters. – 16.67 pieces per cubic meter.
— beam 0.10 x 0.15 x 6 m – 0.090 cubic meters. – 11.11 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.15 x 0.15 x 6 m – 0.135 cubic meters. – 07.41 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.10 x 0.20 x 6 m – 0.120 cubic meters. – 08.33 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.15 x 0.20 x 6 m – 0.180 cubic meters. – 05.56 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.20 x 0.20 x 6 m – 0.240 cubic meters. – 04.17 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.10 x 0.10 x 7 m – 0.070 cubic meters. – 14.28 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.10 x 0.15 x 7 m – 0.105 cubic meters. – 09.52 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.15 x 0.15 x 7 m – 0.1575 cubic meters. – 06.35 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.10 x 0.20 x 7 m – 0.140 cubic meters. – 07.14 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.15 x 0.20 x 7 m – 0.210 cubic meters. – 04.76 pieces per cubic meter.
— timber 0.20 x 0.20 x 7 m – 0.280 cubic meters. – 03.57 pieces per cubic meter.
There are times when you need to buy a large amount of timber for your home, and it can be of different lengths and cross-sectional sizes.
Measuring and calculating each beam with such volumes is not a one-day task.
There is a calculation methodology for such cases, but first we need to understand the concepts of cubic meter of dense wood and folded wood, which exist in forestry merchandising.
Cubic meter of dense wood
A cubic meter of dense wood is the volume pure wood, obtained by measuring a single timber, excluding voids between the timber and other lumber.
Folded cubic meter
Folding cubic meter- This overall dimensions stacks of timber, including voids between the timber.
To find the number of folded cubic meters, we stack the timber as tightly as possible, and the length of the stack should not be greater than the length of the main amount of lumber. Joining of short beams is allowed.
Upon completion, we measure the overall length, height and width of the resulting one or more stacks. When multiplying them, we get the folded cubic capacity of your timber, from which, using a special conversion factor, we get the cubic capacity of dense wood, for which you pay money.
The value of the conversion factor for lumber is regulated by a number of state standards (GOST 6564-84, GOST 6782.1-75, GOST 6782.2-75, GOST 13-24-86) and for timber is from 0.74 to 0.82 - depending on the moisture content of the timber and the rock from which it is made.
When constructing any building, the main issue is the selection required material and determining its required quantity. Even before construction begins, a good owner draws up a plan for the upcoming work and an estimate. The most popular material used in the construction of individual buildings is timber.
But the residential building has a rather complex architecture. Therefore, even the same type of materials are used different sizes, depending on what part of the building they are used for. The volume of purchase also depends on the “dimensions”. Moreover, the price of lumber is usually expressed in rubles per cubic meter. After all, it is also mainly bought in “cubes”, and not individually.
First of all, you need to make all measurements as accurately as possible. After this, to determine the required quantity specific products, sum all the results and convert them to “m3”. It's easier to count that way.
To begin with, you should make a list of the blanks necessary for construction, “sorting” them by size. As already mentioned, different structural elements of the house require different beams: both in length and in cross-section. After this, the volume of the workpiece is determined (length, width of the section, its height), just do not forget about the units of measurement.
In construction, data expressed in “mm” is often used. Including . For example, 100 x 100 means that this is a workpiece with square section. The side of such a square is 100 mm (or 10 cm, or 0.1 m). By multiplying the obtained value by the required number of products, we obtain the “cubic capacity” of the required material of certain dimensions.
Let's say we need to buy 20 beams with a cross-section of 150 x 150 mm and a length of 6 m.
Convert “mm” to “m”: 150 mm = 0.15 m.
Multiply: 0.15 m x 0.15 m x 6 m = 0.135 m 3. This is the volume of one beam. Now multiply the resulting value by their number: 0.135 m3 x 20 = 2.7 m3.
Another example
It is necessary to purchase 30 blanks with dimensions: 120 mm x 100 mm x 3 m. Similarly, we convert all units of measurement into meters. We get: 0.12 m x 0.1 m x 3 m. Multiplying these data, we get the volume of 1 product - 0.036 m 3. The total “cubic capacity” will be 0.036 m 3 x 30 = 1.08 m 3.
Sometimes you need to determine how many pieces of timber there will be in 1 m3. We perform the reverse action - division. To do this, divide 1 m3 by the volume of one workpiece.
Most often in individual construction, products of several basic sizes are used. We present data for such products per 1 m3, and take the length to be 6 m.
- 100 x 100 – 16.6 pieces per cube; the volume of one workpiece is 0.06 m 3
- 100 x 150 – 11.1 pcs. with a volume of 0.09 m 3
- 150 x 150 – 7.4 pcs. with a volume of 0.135 m 3
- 200 x 200 – respectively 4.1 pcs. and 0.24 m 3
When determining the quantity, consider the following points:
- There will almost never be an “even” amount of timber in 1 m3 of product.
- When installing structural elements of a house, something is bound to be missing somewhere.
- Even the highest quality delivery may contain from one to several “units” of defects.
- If you buy more, most likely it will be another batch. And it is undesirable to use blanks from different ones. There may be some deviations in processing technology. And, as a result, difficulties will arise when joining the elements.
Building a house from timber opens up a lot of advantages for its owner, the main one of which is the environmental friendliness of the chosen material. The construction of a house is preceded by the process of calculation and selection of material, which we will talk about further.
House made of timber - varieties and advantages
Making houses from timber is becoming increasingly popular. Since this material is harmless and even beneficial to health. Living in a house made of wood has a beneficial effect on well-being. Because wood is able to regulate the optimal level of humidity in the room.
To make timber, solid wood is used, from which rectangular beams are cut. The most commonly used material is coniferous trees. Since they are distinguished by the highest level of resin content, which makes the material more durable and prevents it from rotting, thereby increasing its service life.
There are two types of timber:
- regular type;
- profiled.
The standard type of timber is a timber with a square or rectangular cross-section. The procedure for making profiled timber is more complex, as it requires cutting out locks, grooves and ridges. This timber is more convenient to connect and the room that is made from it has the highest thermal insulation characteristics.
In relation to the structure and technology of timber production, the material is distinguished:
- whole;
- glued type.
To produce the first version of timber, the presence of solid trees is required, from which the timber is cut. To produce laminated veneer lumber, it is necessary to have boards of a certain size, which are glued and pressed together. For additional stability before rotting, antiseptics are applied to the boards and then joined together using resin. This type timber is more resistant to cracking, but is not fireproof enough. It is possible to produce laminated veneer lumber using various types of wood, for example, spruce and pine. During the gluing process, the main thing is to prevent the fibrous parts of the boards from matching each other, since the timber, in this case, becomes less durable.
In addition, in the process of manufacturing laminated veneer lumber, boards with defects are not used, but replaced with new ones.
The most important and undeniable quality of any type of timber is its environmental friendliness. Since solid wood is used for its manufacture, which has all beneficial properties natural wood. If we compare glued and solid timber, then the second option is more environmentally friendly, since the resins used for gluing laminated timber emit toxic substances in small quantities.
Although in architectural terms, the use of laminated veneer lumber is more convenient. Since with its help it is possible to construct buildings of any shape. The standard length of laminated veneer lumber is 6 m, but there are cases when logs reach a length of 15 m.
A house made of profiled timber allows you to hide communications by cutting out special niches. A building in the manufacturing process of which glued laminated timber is used is more fire-resistant, since during its manufacturing each of the boards is impregnated with fire-resistant mixtures, which make it non-flammable.
Among the disadvantages of making a house from timber are:
- if the material is not dried properly, it is not able to perform all its functions efficiently;
- requires constant application of impregnations that improve it quality characteristics, otherwise, the tree begins to rot and deteriorate;
- Glued laminated timber has a very high cost, which is its big disadvantage, although it is fully justified by the complexity of its manufacture and durability in operation.
How to calculate timber: features of the procedure
When purchasing timber, its cost is measured in cumobeters. Therefore, for laminated veneer lumber the calculation or edged boards This unit is also used. To determine the amount of material needed, you should first know its size. For example, with a width of 15 cm, a length of 6 m, and a thickness of 10 cm, the number of logs is determined by dividing one cubic meter by the volume of the timber. One cubic meter of this timber contains 11 logs.
Calculating the amount of timber per house involves determining the materials for its various sections.
The ceiling and floor beams are calculated first. When building a house on unstable ground, it is advisable to replace the floor on beams, monolithic base. Otherwise, the use of wood is recommended. The standard size of ceiling and floor beams is 10x15 cm. The spacing of their installation is no more than one meter. To ensure maximum strength, the beams should be cut into each other in a vertical position. To calculate the total length and number of beams required, you need to perform a number of actions:
- Divide the total length of the house by the step of laying the beams, and then subtract 1.
For example, if a house is 6 m long and 5 m wide, with a laying step of 1 m, the beams are calculated as follows: 5/1-1 = 4 pieces.
Beams are available in standard length, which is 600 cm, which coincides with the length of the house.
The next stage is calculating the cubic capacity of the timber for the construction of the rafter system. We offer an example of a straight roof calculation option gable type. IN in this case, the installation pitch of the rafters is 600 mm, and the angle of inclination is 45 degrees. To make the rafters, a material with a cross-section of 10-15 cm is used. Please note that as the angle of inclination increases, the amount of snow that accumulates on the roof in winter decreases, and the load on the building decreases, although the stability of the roof against the wind also becomes less. Therefore, for regions with high windiness, it is recommended to construct a roof with low angle tilt, and in places with a large number precipitation, in the form of snow, it is better to give preference to a roof with high level tilt
In order to equip the rafter system, you must first install two rafter legs, and then fix them with a beam. Next, the rafters are installed.
If the value of the house run is 1000 cm, and the angle of inclination is 45 degrees, then in order to calculate the length of the rafter leg it is necessary to calculate the sum of the legs squared. This value will be 424 cm. To construct each triangle, you will need to purchase 850 cm of material.
To calculate the number of triangles, divide the total length of the roof, which is 1000 cm, by the laying step - 60 cm, and subtract one, you get 16 pieces. Now we multiply the number of triangles by their length - 16*850=13600 cm. In addition, we should not forget about the run, which is 1000 cm; we add it to the main value and we get 145 m of wood. If the cross-section of the beam is 5x15 cm, then to calculate the number of cubic meters, you need 145 * 0.15 m * 0.5 = 10.9 cubic meters.
Calculation of the load of timber on the surface of walls, gables and internal partitions produced in relation to the building design. When carrying out calculations, one should proceed from one approach to calculating the material for internal partitions and walls. All elements should be converted to geometric shapes and based on the formulas for each, determine their area. If there are openings in the form of windows and walls, their area should be determined. Subtract the area of the opening from the pre-calculated area of the wall, multiply the resulting value by the thickness of the wall and you will get the volume of material that will be needed to build the wall. Having calculated the value for each of the walls, summarize the results.
Calculation of the strength of a timber depends on its weight, which is influenced by the species and humidity. The latter value is determined by the percentage of water in the tree. The humidity value determines the quality of drying and storage conditions of the material.
Dry wood is a material that has been dried under technological conditions or stored in warm and dry rooms for a long period of time.
Raw wood is a tree that has begun to dry out. If the material contains equilibrium moisture, then it is classified as air-dry wood. When storing material in conditions high humidity it takes the form of wet or freshly cut wood.
The construction of a house using timber is more easy handling calculations, compared with houses made of logs. In addition, the use of timber opens up a large number of options for finishing both the interior and exterior of the building.
In relation to the cross-section of the beam, materials are distinguished: 12x12, 15x10, 18x18, 20x15, 15x15, 10x10, 14x14. Most optimal size timber for building a house 15x15 cm. Since this particular type of timber has an acceptable cost and high thermal insulation characteristics. In addition, this beam is easy to install and simple to operate.
The use of profiled timber with such a cross-section will make it possible to build great house, which will serve its owner for many years. The only drawback of this timber is its high cost, so when calculating profiled timber, you should be extremely careful not to make a mistake and not spend a lot of money.
For correct calculation the amount of material with which you want to build a house, use the formula:
A*B*C=amount of timber
A is the length of the wall;
B - wall height;
C is the thickness of the material.
For example, for the construction of a house whose length is 8 m and width is 6, using timber with a section of 15x15, calculations are carried out according to the formula: 2(6+8) = 28 m - the perimeter value. The height of the wall is three meters, so this value is multiplied by the perimeter, we get 54 m. Now we multiply the obtained result by the cross-section of the beam, which is 0.15 m, we get 8.1 cubic meters. Therefore, this will be the quantity value required timber for building a house.
How much timber is needed to build a house?
Factors on which the amount of timber for a house depends:
- type of timber used in the construction process;
- the amount of timber in one cubic meter;
- house design.
To calculate the amount of timber for external and interior wall, use the algorithm:
1. Calculation of the perimeter of the building.
2. Multiply this value by the total height.
3. Multiplying the result by the cross-section of the beam.
4. It turns out the amount per cubic meter of material required to construct the building.
In the process of making calculations, you should pay attention to the fact that the construction of the first crown will require more material, since its width must be increased. IN this algorithm This condition is not taken into account when calculating, therefore, to calculate the beam of the first crown, a separate formula must be applied.
The cross-section of the beam for the first crown should be chosen larger than the main one, since it is this crown that is load-bearing and takes on the entire load from the building. In addition, it requires additional treatment using machine oil or an antiseptic solution.
When the calculation of the beam for bending is completed, the procedure for determining the number of pieces of beam to build a house follows. This value will help save time in the process of purchasing material. In addition, in this way it will be possible to avoid fraudulent actions on the part of the seller.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the basic values of the quantities of timber in one cubic meter, taking into account the length of the material of 6 m:
- 10x10 cm approximately consists of 16.6 pieces;
- 10x15 cm - 11 pieces;
- 15x15 - 7 pieces;
- 10x20 - 8 pieces;
- 15x20 - 5.5 pieces;
- 20x20 - 4 pieces.
To determine the number of timber in pieces, you should general meaning, for example, 14 cubic meters, divided by the volume of one piece of timber per cube. To calculate this number, you will need to divide the cross-section of the timber by the number of pieces in one cube. For standard size timber 15x15 cm, this is 0.13. 14/0.13=107.6 pieces.
When setting the number of pieces required for the construction of a building, there is no need to accurately measure each cubic meter when purchasing material. It is enough to count the material piece by piece.
The height and width of the timber play an important role in the construction and operation of the building. In higher beams, the inter-crown seams are reduced and the construction procedure is accelerated. When choosing optimal width the need for permanent or temporary residence in the house is taken into account. The minimum thickness of timber recommended for the construction of a building in which people will permanently live is 20 cm. In this case, foam plastic or mineral wool, laid in a layer of 10 cm. If you plan to build a bathhouse, then the thickness of the layer should be increased to 16 cm.
Under construction country house, in which people will live only in the summer, it is enough to purchase a beam with a cross-section of 10x10 cm.
When calculating a stepped beam, an important factor is the preliminary design of the building. It is on the project that both external and internal view houses, number of walls, doors and windows.
There are several options for obtaining a project:
- making it yourself;
- ordering from specialists;
- online shopping;
- purchase of a project;
- use of a ready-made project.
For self-creation A house project requires special skills in working with drawings. For its preparation, the climate in which the house is located, the soil on which it is based and other factors are important.
Therefore, the most the right decision there will be a hiring of specialists who are able to take into account everything individual characteristics plot.
Remember that when calculating timber for building a house, it is better to buy material with a small margin than to stop construction work due to its lack.
