The lightning protection passport is a document that is transferred to the Customer (the owner of the building or structure) from the organization that installs or checks (control tests) the lightning protection and grounding system, with data from visual inspection, inspections and measurements of system elements for compliance with their requirements of the project and regulatory documents ( basic RD 34.21.122-87, SO 153-34.21.122-2003 and others).
This organization must have a certified electrical laboratory and the necessary devices for control and verification, duly verified.
When is certification required?
It is carried out during acceptance work, comparative or control tests, as well as after a certain service life for compliance with operational characteristics.
The document has recently been required by representatives of inspecting departments, especially fire and gas supervision.
What does the document include
The lightning protection passport contains the following blocks:
- Title page
- Protocol No. 1 visual inspection
- Protocol No. 2 for checking the transient resistance of the elements of the lightning protection system
- Protocol No. 3 for checking the resistance of grounding conductors and grounding devices
- Schemes with the designation of control points of measurements
Be sure to attach copies of the certificate of registration (attestation) of the electrical laboratory and verification certificates for instrumentation used for measurements.
All protocols and the title page must be signed by the responsible engineer and the head of the electrical laboratory.
How to fill out measurement protocols
Visual Inspection Protocol
Includes the following marks:
- Compliance of installation with project documentation
- Compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation in the context of the lightning-receiving part, down conductors, grounding device, indicating specific points of the rules
- Identified violations or remarks that do not interfere with operation, but which require attention
- General conclusion on further operation or acceptance
Transition Resistance Test Protocol
Measurements are made, moving from the lightning-receiving part to the ground electrode, at the junctions of the conductor with lightning rods, with the metal elements of the building and fittings, as well as among themselves. Usually these are places for welding or installing connectors, holders, terminals and other fasteners.
It is necessary to specify:
- the purpose of the tests (acceptance, comparison, control tests, operational, for certification purposes)
- climatic conditions (temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure)
As a result, the table indicates the locations of measurements and the elements of the system for which they were made, the number of points of the same type and the resistance value itself.
Grounding Device Resistance Test Protocol
In addition to the purpose and parameters of external conditions, as in the previous paragraph, the following information must be entered during the measurement:
- Type and nature of the soil
- Soil resistivity
- Rated voltage of the electrical installation
- Neutral mode
The measurement results are entered in the table:
- Place of measurement with indication of the measurement point on the diagram
- Measured resistance value
- Seasonality factor
- Reduced final resistance value
Based on the measurement data, conclusions are drawn and a conclusion is made about the compliance of the obtained values with the requirements of the standards.
As in the previous protocol, a table with the parameters of the measuring instruments is filled in.
Norms, rules and GOSTs for lightning protection - regulatory documents
Learn more about standardization and regulation.
Lightning protection ground resistance
The resistivity of different soils is compared. How does the configuration of the ground conductor and the soil parameter affect the quality of lightning protection grounding? What are the requirements for grounding conductors.
The composition of the lightning protection system according to IEC standards (IEC)
Briefly about what is included in the complex of measures for protection against lightning and thunderstorms according to the International Electrotechnical Commission, as well as interconnected solutions in the field of external and internal lightning protection.
Requirements for elements of external lightning protection
What tests are carried out by elements of lightning protection systems, connecting components, conductors, grounding electrodes? Description of test procedures that simulate the effects of natural weathering and the effects of corrosion on components.
Cost calculation
Our objects
Documentation for any electrical installation includes a drawing of a grounding device (grounding), an accurate description of all its parts and resistance calculated for specific operating conditions. Rules for the operation of electrical installations (PTEEP) require that a passport be entered for any grounding. What information is entered in the passport of the ground loop, and how to fill it out correctly?
General information
Grounding is installed to protect a person from electric shocks, and it also ensures the correct operation of electrical appliances. When talking about a grounding device, they mean the grounding conductor and grounding conductors together. When installing a grounding mechanism, it is necessary to issue a passport.
The passport for the grounding device must include the following elements:
- date from which the operation of the device began;
- enumeration of technical characteristics and properties;
- the results of inspection of the state of the device;
- list of inspections and detected faults;
- executive scheme.
- information about the repair and those transformations that were made to the design.
Breaks and insufficient contact throughout the entire circuit between the electrical installation and the ground electrode must not be allowed. It is necessary to measure the electrical resistance of the structure and inspect its constituent parts. For this purpose, soil is raised in different places, and an inspection is carried out.
Grounding device passport form
The passport for grounding has the status of the main regulatory document, therefore, when checking electrical installations by authorized bodies, it must be provided.
There is a special form for entering data - form 24. When filling out the passport of the grounding device, indicate the name of the electrical installation and the date it began to operate.
If repairs were carried out, the date of their completion is noted.
The list of grounding technical characteristics includes information on the material of the grounding electrodes, their number, dimensions, and configuration. Separately, vertical and horizontal earthing switches are described. The depth of the connecting strips is indicated.
The passport must contain an executive grounding scheme. Make any changes related to the repair, replacement of parts. If there are changes in the design, they are also noted.
Data on the resistance of the soil and the grounding device are entered, the method of connecting the elements is noted. Describe what kind of protective agent the joints are coated with (enamel, resin, etc.).
Entering test results
There is no single form for a grounding device passport. There is only a recommended sample. It can be changed at your discretion, however, the main data must be present in the document.
On the very first page (cover) they write the name of the object, then there are technical characteristics and a diagram. Then a table is presented in which the results of the inspections are entered.
Since earth electrodes are in close contact with the ground, corrosion resistance is important for them. Each time during inspection, special attention is paid to the degree of corrosion and the characteristic is entered in the table. The specialist inspecting the grounding writes down his name on the form and signs it. Such entries in the passport are made every 6 months, in accordance with the requirements for the timing of the check.
Selectively, the soil is opened and. A table is also provided for these data in the passport. After checking the ground circuit, an act is drawn up and applied to the passport. The frequency of such inspections is much smaller - once every 12 years.
Details on the methods of monitoring grounding equipment can be found in the training manual RD 153-34.0-20.525-00.
portable model
This type of grounding is used to ensure safety when working on electrical equipment that is in the off state. It is also used on those parts of the device through which current should flow, but it is turned off for the duration of the work. Absolutely all portable devices strictly comply with GOST.
A passport is also issued for portable grounding. It contains information about the technical characteristics of the product, information about its acceptance and permission to use, manufacturer's warranties, as well as storage conditions and safety precautions for handling the device. In fact, this document is similar to any other electrical product passport.
Lightning protection is a set of measures aimed at reducing the risk of damage or destruction of buildings and premises, transport infrastructure facilities, communications, technological equipment from the effects of atmospheric electricity. In the article we will tell you how the Ministry of Health works, and how to apply for a passport for it.
From this article you will learn:
What is and why lightning protection and grounding are needed
Atmospheric electricity is dangerous because of its unpredictability. Up to 16 million thunderstorms occur annually on the globe, that is, about 44 thousand per day. As a result of a direct lightning strike, destruction of buildings, fires, death of people located at these facilities or in dangerous proximity can occur. It can also result in equipment failure or damage.
The lightning discharge at the breakdown site is approximately 30 kV per 1 cm. Lightning always hits the place where it is easier for charged electrons to propagate. Therefore, the metal tip of the lightning rod will accumulate lightning discharges, for which this is the easiest way.
The most lightning-hazardous period of the year in the Russian Federation is the summer season, mainly July. As a rule, in July, thunderstorms are most frequent, as the height of the clouds increases to 12-14 km above the ground, and because of this, the charge between them increases.
Types of lightning protection
Lightning protection devices (LP) are a way to protect infrastructure facilities that are designed to neutralize a lightning discharge.
The lightning discharges that we see in the window are already the reverse course of lightning. The structure of the MS resembles a ring. A direct strike is a direct contact of a lightning channel with a building or structure, accompanied by the flow of current through it.
There is also a secondary damage associated with the induction of potentials on the metal elements of the structure, equipment, in open metal circuits, caused by close lightning discharges and creating the danger of sparking inside the protected object.
High potential drift - transfer to the protected building or structure through extended metal communications (underground, surface and aboveground pipelines, cables, etc.) of electrical potentials arising from direct and close lightning strikes and creating the danger of sparking inside the protected object.
Lightning protection device
MOH is divided into external and internal. External is an elementary type of protection against electric discharge during a thunderstorm and is designed to intercept lightning and safely lead it to the ground. Thus, at the moment of a direct strike into the object, the lightning protection system must take on the full strength of the lightning discharge current and divert it through the down conductors to the ground circuit, where the energy will safely spread in the ground.
Lightning protection project
An important task in the design of an object is the reasonable choice of the OH system. This is an important part of the construction project from the point of view of the environment, the preservation of buildings and structures, life support facilities and industrial communications from the effects of atmospheric electricity.
It should be noted that in Russia there are standards for the categorization of protected objects and the effectiveness of lightning protection measures.
When designing, methodological guidelines are used, which are given in:
- RD 34.21.122-87,
- SO 153 - 34.21.122 - 2003,
- GOST R IEC 62305-1-2010,
Equipment
External MZ consists of:
- lightning rod,
- lightning rod (down conductor),
- horizontal ground loop,
- deep rod grounding.
Installation of lightning protection
The following requirements are imposed on the installation of the ground loop of the PUE:
- Accessible location of ground electrodes for visual inspection once every six months during the period of the greatest and least freezing of the soil (hot and cold seasons), as well as for opening the soil at least once every 12 years.
- The strength of the connecting elements - a deep earth rod must be securely attached by bolting or welding to a horizontal ground loop. The grounding conductor should not crawl out of the ground, since in this case the lightning discharge current will not spread inside the soil, a reverse transformation will occur, the consequences of which will be catastrophic for the MP object.
- The level of reliability of devices that act as fuses.
- Measurement of grounding elements. The measurement must be carried out by accredited electrical laboratories. Insulation resistance protocol is always .
To prepare for installation, it is necessary to determine the dimensions of the building and the materials used in the structures, determine the places for installing grounding, lowering down conductors from lightning rods to the ground loop, as well as installing lightning rods. Then the required number of down conductors, lightning rods, ground electrodes, auxiliary elements - holders and fasteners is calculated.
Installation includes a sequence of operations:
- installation of holders;
- installation of lightning rods and laying of conductors;
- grounding mounting (laying a contour of metal strips or rods into a trench around the building).
Attention
After installation, it is imperative to check the grounding resistance, which should not exceed 15 ohms. Then the ground loop will be connected to the common ground loop of electrical installations in the building.
Active lightning protection
In addition to traditional external systems, an active MZ is currently widespread - an installation with a system of preemptive streamer emission.
The principle of operation is based on the prevention of a lightning strike by forming its own artificial streamer, which is directed towards the lightning leader. This effect can be achieved, for example, by installing a parallel chain of capacitors and arresters.
If the lightning leader approaches such a lightning rod, there will be an increase in the electric field strength and a breakdown of the arresters, a spark discharge occurs. The air around is ionized, which contributes to the appearance of ascending streamers, moreover, ahead of the approach of the descending leader. Such an advance interval is the main characteristic of the installation and is indicated in its passport.
This is how an active system works in general terms. Manufacturers claim that the protective zone of such devices significantly exceeds the traditional external MOH system (Franklin rod). However, there is currently no reliable evidence that this system is more effective than the traditional one.
Internal lightning protection system
In addition to the external one, which is, in fact, an elementary Franklin rod, there is also an internal MV, which is a complex of protective devices against surge voltages - resistors and inductors. In no way does it replace the external one. The purpose of an SPD is to protect expensive network equipment. SPDs are divided into three types.
It is known that there are direct and indirect lightning strikes. Direct - a lightning strike into a building or into the poles of communication or power transmission lines connected to it. Indirect - occurs due to lightning strikes near communication lines.
Type 1 surge voltage from direct impact. It is usually installed in rural areas with overhead power lines or communications, in buildings with lightning rods or located near high-rise objects (mobile towers, tall trees, etc.).
Type 2 surge voltage from indirect impact. In this case, the stored energy is about 17 times less than the energy of a direct impact.
Type 3 for its survivability requires the use of types 1 and 2 in front of itself and is installed directly next to the consumer. It can be, for example, a regular surge protector such as UPS or a voltage stabilizer.
Passport of lightning protection - sample
The passport is transferred to the owner of the object of protection after the installation of the lightning protection device. It contains a title page, inspection and verification protocols, as well as a diagram with the designation of measurement control points.
Find the sample document on labor protection you need in the Reference system "Labor protection". Our experts have already prepared 2506 templates!
A sample passport for a grounding device is available in the Guidelines for monitoring the state of the memory (RD 153-34.0-20.525-00).
This document should contain information about the measurements taken. The passport of the grounding device is kept by the person responsible for the operation of the building or by the chief power engineer.
A visual inspection of the grounding device is carried out by the commission of the organization, and the measurement of the ground loop is carried out.
To ensure the long-term safety of the circuit, it is necessary to regularly inspect it, as well as timely repair of bolted or welded joints in accordance with clause 1.2 of the Regulations on the scheduled preventive maintenance of industrial buildings and structures, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of December 29, 1973 No. 279 MDS 13 -14.2000.
Sample passports of lightning protection device and grounding device
(GUP MO "MOSOBLGAZ")
Branch of State Unitary Enterprise MO "MOSOBLGAZ" "Odintsovomezhraygaz"
THE PASSPORT
grounding device(name of building, structure)
Project completed
Date of installation of the grounding device (GD)
Year of commissioning
I.
executive scheme grounding device
II. Maintechnical details
Ground electrode type (material, profile, section):
- horizontal
The size of the vertical ground electrode (diameter, cross-sectional area):
Number of vertical ground electrodes (pcs.):
Depth of vertical grounding (m):
Distance between vertical ground electrodes (m)
Connecting horizontal stripes: width mm, thickness mm.
Depth of horizontal strips of the contour (m):
Used natural grounding conductors
(inner loop)
Material shape and dimensions
Used building elements
Grounding device resistance (design), Ohm
Soil characteristic, soil resistivity (Ohmm)
III. Information about the repairs and changes made,
introduced into the grounding device
IV. Status Check Results Datagrounding devices
Inspections of grounding devices
* Visual inspection of the visible grounding device)
Inspection with selective opening of the soil.
Measuring the resistance of a grounding device (resistance to current flow)
| the date | № protocol | the date next checks | Test results | Note |
Checking the presence of a circuit between the grounding device and grounded elements, incl. with natural earthing conductors (resistance of transitional contacts)
The passport was:
Passport checked:
Chief power engineer of the branch
SUE MO "MOSOBLGAZ"
"Odintsovomezhraygaz"
Position, signature, surname and initials, date
Checking the status of entries in the passport
| the date | Job title inspector | Remarks | Signature |
Note: Protocols are attached to the passport:
Grounding device resistance measurements.
Checks for the presence of a circuit between the ground loop and grounded elements.
Defective statement
State unitary enterprise
gas facilities of the Moscow region
(GUP MO "MOSOBLGAZ")
Branch of State Unitary Enterprise MO "MOSOBLGAZ" "Odintsovomezhraygaz
Most people who are not very versed in electricity do not understand the importance of installing a system to drain the current produced by atmospheric phenomena. And how to fill out a passport for lightning protection, in general, few people know. Meanwhile, this document is an important condition for ensuring the security of any object.
In accordance with GOST R IEC 62305-2-2010, lightning protection for buildings and structures is mandatory. It should be noted that this applies to both residential and industrial facilities. An important condition is also considered the correct choice of category. The safety of the structure directly depends on this factor. In any case, the lightning protection device consists of certain elements. This is a receiver, grounding devices and a lightning rod. Correct and competent installation of the system ensures uninterrupted operation.
Lightning protection test
How to check lightning protection for compliance with GOST, qualified specialists of Alef-Em know. In this case, the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) should be taken into account. The main parameters are as follows:
- accessible location of ground electrodes;
- strength of connecting elements;
- the level of reliability and functioning of devices that act as fuses;
- measurement of grounding elements.
After the verification work has been carried out, it is imperative to draw up an act. Additionally, drawings are attached to it.
Normative documents
Anyone who deals with such devices needs to know what regulatory documents regulate the lightning protection of buildings. There are two main ones: "Instruction for lightning protection of buildings and structures" RD 34.21.122-87 and "Instruction for lightning protection of buildings, structures and industrial communications" CO 153-343.21.122-2003. Lightning protection and grounding must be carried out in accordance with the standards published in these documents.
Also in 2011, GOST R IEC 62305-1-2010 “Risk Management. Lightning protection. It should be noted that it consists of two parts. The first provides information about the general principles of lightning protection, and the second tells how to assess the risks.
The conditions that must be taken into account when lightning protection is designed are prescribed in SNiP (sanitary norms and rules).
Checking and inspection of lightning protection devices
When the lightning protection devices are checked and inspected, all changes are made to the passport. This document is mandatory and includes the following:
- schematic arrangement of elements;
- data on the introduction of the system into operation;
- information about grounding elements;
- indicators of the level of corrosion of devices;
- resistance values;
- reporting data in case of inspections and repairs.
All this must be entered when any indicators change. Also, the system must be constantly checked for operability.
Help from professionals
The help of qualified specialists allows you to avoid various errors and inaccuracies in the course of work and inspections, troubleshooting.
Alef-M employees have extensive experience in this field, which allows them to implement even the most complex task competently and promptly. In addition, when performing work, compliance with regulatory documents and established standards is observed.
