What is 1 mm Hg equal to. Atmosphere pressure. How does our body react to high atmospheric pressure?

Approximately one third of the population of our planet reacts sensitively to changes in the environment. Most of all, human well-being is affected by atmospheric pressure - the attraction of air masses to the Earth. What atmospheric pressure is considered normal for a person depends on the area in which he stays most of the time. Everyone will feel comfortable in the conditions familiar to him.

What is atmospheric pressure

The planet is surrounded by an air mass, which, under the influence of gravity, presses on any object, including the human body. The force is called atmospheric pressure. A column of air weighing approximately 100,000 kg presses on each square meter. Atmospheric pressure is measured with a special device - a barometer. It is measured in pascals, millimeters of mercury, millibars, hectopascals, atmospheres.

The normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art., or 101 325 Pa. The discovery of the phenomenon belongs to the famous physicist Blaise Pascal. The scientist formulated the law: at the same distance from the center of the earth (does not matter, in the air, at the bottom of the reservoir), the absolute pressure will be the same. He was the first to propose measuring heights by barometric equalization.

Atmospheric pressure norms by region

It is impossible to find out what atmospheric pressure is considered normal for a healthy person - there is no definite answer. The impact varies across regions of the world. Within a relatively small area, this value can vary markedly. For example, in Central Asia, slightly elevated figures are considered standard (average 715-730 mm Hg). For central Russia, normal atmospheric pressure is 730-770 mm Hg. Art.

The indicators are related to the elevation of the surface above sea level, wind direction, humidity and ambient temperature. Warm air weighs less than cold air. Over an area with elevated temperature or humidity, the compression of the atmosphere is always less. People living in high mountain areas are not sensitive to such barometer readings. Their body was formed in these conditions, and all organs underwent appropriate adaptation.

How pressure affects people

The ideal value is 760 mm Hg. Art. What awaits when the mercury column fluctuates:

A change in optimal performance (up to 10 mm/h) already leads to a deterioration in well-being.
With a sharp increase, decrease (on average by 1 mm / h), even in healthy people, there is a significant deterioration in well-being. There is a headache, nausea, loss of working capacity.

Meteorological dependence

Human sensitivity to weather conditions - wind changes, geomagnetic storms - is called meteorological dependence. The influence of atmospheric pressure on is not yet fully understood. It is known that when weather conditions change, internal tension is created inside the vessels and cavities of the body. Meteorological dependence can be expressed:

irritability;
pains of various localization;
exacerbation of chronic diseases;
general deterioration of well-being;
vascular problems.

In most cases, weather dependence affects people with the following diseases:

respiratory diseases;
hypo- and hypertension.

Response to high blood pressure

A decrease in the barometer by at least 10 units (770 mm Hg and below) has a negative impact on health. People with long-standing diseases of the cardiovascular and digestive systems are especially affected by weather changes. Doctors on such days recommend reducing physical activity, being less on the street, and not abusing junk food and alcohol. Among the main reactions:

feeling of congestion in the ear canals;
decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood;
decreased activity of intestinal motility;
violation of the functionality of the cardiovascular system;
poor ability to concentrate.

Reaction to reduced atmospheric pressure

Lowering the compression of the atmosphere to 740 mm or less causes opposite shifts in the body. At the heart of all adverse changes is oxygen starvation. A rarefaction of air is created, a low percentage of oxygen molecules: it becomes harder to breathe. Arise.

Many people are subject to changes in the environment. A third of the population is affected by the attraction of air masses to the earth. Atmospheric pressure: the norm for a person, and how deviations from the indicators affect the general well-being of people.

Changes in the weather can affect the human condition

What atmospheric pressure is considered normal for a person

Atmospheric pressure is the weight of air that presses on the human body. On average, this is 1.033 kg per 1 cubic cm. That is, 10-15 tons of gas control our mass every minute.

The norm of atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg or 1013.25 mbar. Conditions in which the human body feels comfortable or adapted. In fact, the ideal weather indicator for any inhabitant of the Earth. In reality, everything is not so.

Atmospheric pressure is not stable. Its changes are daily and depend on the weather, relief, level above the sea, climate and even the time of day. Fluctuations are not noticeable to humans. For example, at night, the mercury column rises 1-2 divisions higher. Minor changes do not affect the well-being of a healthy person. Drops of 5-10 or more units are painful, and sharp significant jumps are fatal. For comparison: loss of consciousness from altitude sickness occurs already when the pressure drops by 30 units. That is, at the level of 1000 m above the sea.

A continent and even a separate country can be divided into conditional areas with different norms of average pressure. Therefore, the optimal atmospheric pressure for each person is determined by the region of permanent residence.

High air pressure adversely affects hypertension

Such weather conditions are generous for strokes and heart attacks.

Persons who are vulnerable to the vagaries of nature are advised by doctors on such days to stay outside the zone of active work and deal with the consequences of meteorological dependence.

Meteorological dependence - what to do?

The movement of mercury by more than one division in 3 hours is a reason for stress in a strong organism of a healthy person. Each of us feels such fluctuations in the form of a headache, drowsiness, fatigue. More than a third of people suffer from weather dependence in varying degrees of severity. In the zone of high sensitivity, the population with diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems, the elderly. How to help yourself if a dangerous cyclone is approaching?

15 Ways to Survive a Weather Cyclone

Not much new advice has been collected here. It is believed that together they alleviate suffering and teach the right way of life with meteorological vulnerability:

See your doctor regularly. Consult, discuss, ask for advice in case of deterioration of health. Have your prescribed medications handy at all times.
Buy a barometer. It is more productive to track the weather by the movement of the mercury column, rather than knee pain. So you will be able to anticipate the impending cyclone.
Watch the weather forecast. Forewarned is forearmed.
On the eve of a change in weather, get enough sleep and go to bed earlier than usual.
Set up a sleep schedule. Get yourself a full 8-hour sleep, getting up and falling asleep at the same time. This has a powerful restorative effect.
The meal schedule is equally important. Follow a balanced diet. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are essential minerals. Overeating ban.
Drink vitamins in a course in spring and autumn.
Fresh air, walking outside - light and regular exercise strengthens the heart.
Don't overstress. Postponing household chores is not as dangerous as weakening the body before a cyclone.
Accumulate favorable emotions. An oppressed emotional background fuels the disease, so smile more often.
Clothing made of synthetic threads and fur is harmful to static current.
Keep folk remedies for relieving symptoms in a list in a conspicuous place. The recipe for herbal tea or compress is hard to remember when whiskey ache.
Office workers in high-rise buildings suffer from weather changes more often. Take a day off if possible, or better yet, change jobs.
A long cyclone is discomfort for several days. Is it possible to go to a quiet region? Forward.
Prevention at least a day before the cyclone prepares and strengthens the body. Do not give up!

Don't Forget to Take Vitamins for Health

Atmosphere pressure- This is a phenomenon that is absolutely independent of a person. Moreover, our body obeys him. What should be the optimal pressure for a person determines the region of residence. People with chronic diseases are especially susceptible to meteorological dependence.

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1 pascal [Pa] = 0.00750063755419211 millimeter of mercury (0°C) [mmHg]

Initial value

Converted value

pascal exapascal petapascal terapascal gigapascal megapascal kilopascal hectopascal decapascal decipascal centipascal millipascal micropascal nanopascal picopascal femtopascal attopascal newton per sq. newton meter per sq. centimeter newton per sq. millimeter kilonewton per sq. meter bar millibar microbar dynes per sq. centimeter kilogram-force per sq. meter kilogram-force per sq. centimeter kilogram-force per sq. millimeter gram-force per sq. centimeter ton-force (short) per sq. ft ton-force (short) per sq. inch ton-force (L) per sq. ft ton-force (L) per sq. inch kilopound-force per sq. inch kilopound-force per sq. inch lbf/sq. ft lbf/sq. inch psi poundal per sq. ft torr centimeter of mercury (0°C) millimeter of mercury (0°C) inch of mercury (32°F) inch of mercury (60°F) centimeter of water column (4°C) mm w.c. column (4°C) inch w.c. column (4°C) foot of water (4°C) inch of water (60°F) foot of water (60°F) technical atmosphere physical atmosphere decibar walls per square meter pieze barium (barium) Planck pressure meter sea water foot sea water (at 15 ° C) meter of water. column (4°C)

More about pressure

General information

In physics, pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area of a surface. If two identical forces act on one large and one smaller surface, then the pressure on the smaller surface will be greater. Agree, it is much worse if the owner of studs steps on your foot than the mistress of sneakers. For example, if you press the blade of a sharp knife on a tomato or carrot, the vegetable will be cut in half. The surface area of the blade in contact with the vegetable is small, so the pressure is high enough to cut through the vegetable. If you press with the same force on a tomato or carrot with a blunt knife, then most likely the vegetable will not be cut, since the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe knife is now larger, which means the pressure is less.

In the SI system, pressure is measured in pascals, or newtons per square meter.

Relative pressure

Sometimes pressure is measured as the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure. This pressure is called relative or gauge pressure and it is measured, for example, when checking the pressure in car tires. Measuring instruments often, although not always, indicate relative pressure.

Atmosphere pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the air pressure at a given location. It usually refers to the pressure of a column of air per unit surface area. A change in atmospheric pressure affects the weather and air temperature. People and animals suffer from severe pressure drops. Low blood pressure causes problems in people and animals of varying severity, from mental and physical discomfort to fatal diseases. For this reason, aircraft cabins are maintained at a pressure above atmospheric pressure at a given altitude because the atmospheric pressure at cruising altitude is too low.

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. People and animals living high in the mountains, such as the Himalayas, adapt to such conditions. Travelers, on the other hand, should take the necessary precautions so as not to get sick because the body is not accustomed to such low pressure. Climbers, for example, can get altitude sickness associated with a lack of oxygen in the blood and oxygen starvation of the body. This disease is especially dangerous if you stay in the mountains for a long time. Exacerbation of altitude sickness leads to serious complications, such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and the most acute form of mountain sickness. The danger of altitude and mountain sickness begins at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level. To avoid altitude sickness, doctors advise avoiding depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills, drinking plenty of fluids, and ascending altitude gradually, such as on foot rather than in transport. It's also good to eat plenty of carbohydrates and get plenty of rest, especially if the climb is fast. These measures will allow the body to get used to the lack of oxygen caused by low atmospheric pressure. If these guidelines are followed, the body will be able to produce more red blood cells to transport oxygen to the brain and internal organs. To do this, the body will increase the pulse and respiratory rate.

First aid in such cases is provided immediately. It is important to move the patient to a lower altitude where atmospheric pressure is higher, preferably lower than 2400 meters above sea level. Drugs and portable hyperbaric chambers are also used. These are lightweight, portable chambers that can be pressurized with a foot pump. A patient with mountain sickness is placed in a chamber in which pressure is maintained corresponding to a lower altitude above sea level. Such a chamber is used only for first aid, after which the patient must be lowered.

Some athletes use low blood pressure to improve circulation. Usually, for this, training takes place under normal conditions, and these athletes sleep in a low-pressure environment. Thus, their body gets used to high altitude conditions and begins to produce more red blood cells, which in turn increases the amount of oxygen in the blood, and allows them to achieve better results in sports. For this, special tents are produced, the pressure in which is regulated. Some athletes even change the pressure throughout the bedroom, but sealing the bedroom is an expensive process.

suits

Pilots and astronauts have to work in a low pressure environment, so they work in spacesuits that allow them to compensate for the low pressure of the environment. Space suits completely protect a person from the environment. They are used in space. Altitude compensation suits are used by pilots at high altitudes - they help the pilot breathe and counteract low barometric pressure.

hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of a fluid caused by gravity. This phenomenon plays a huge role not only in engineering and physics, but also in medicine. For example, blood pressure is the hydrostatic pressure of blood against the walls of blood vessels. Blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries. It is represented by two values: systolic, or the highest pressure, and diastolic, or the lowest pressure during the heartbeat. Devices for measuring blood pressure are called sphygmomanometers or tonometers. The unit of blood pressure is millimeters of mercury.

The Pythagorean mug is an entertaining vessel that uses hydrostatic pressure, specifically the siphon principle. According to legend, Pythagoras invented this cup to control the amount of wine he drank. According to other sources, this cup was supposed to control the amount of water drunk during a drought. Inside the mug is a curved U-shaped tube hidden under the dome. One end of the tube is longer, and ends with a hole in the stem of the mug. The other, shorter end is connected by a hole to the inner bottom of the mug so that the water in the cup fills the tube. The principle of operation of the mug is similar to the operation of a modern toilet tank. If the liquid level rises above the level of the tube, the liquid overflows into the other half of the tube and flows out due to the hydrostatic pressure. If the level, on the contrary, is lower, then the mug can be safely used.

pressure in geology

Pressure is an important concept in geology. Without pressure, it is impossible to form gemstones, both natural and artificial. High pressure and high temperature are also necessary for the formation of oil from the remains of plants and animals. Unlike gems, which are mostly found in rocks, oil forms at the bottom of rivers, lakes, or seas. Over time, more and more sand accumulates over these remnants. The weight of water and sand presses on the remains of animal and plant organisms. Over time, this organic material sinks deeper and deeper into the earth, reaching several kilometers below the earth's surface. The temperature rises by 25°C for every kilometer below the earth's surface, so at a depth of several kilometers the temperature reaches 50-80°C. Depending on the temperature and temperature difference in the formation medium, natural gas may be formed instead of oil.

natural gems

The formation of gemstones is not always the same, but pressure is one of the main components of this process. For example, diamonds are formed in the Earth's mantle, under conditions of high pressure and high temperature. During volcanic eruptions, diamonds move to the upper layers of the Earth's surface due to magma. Some diamonds come to Earth from meteorites, and scientists believe they were formed on Earth-like planets.

Synthetic gems

The production of synthetic gemstones began in the 1950s and has been gaining popularity in recent years. Some buyers prefer natural gemstones, but artificial gemstones are becoming more and more popular due to the low price and lack of problems associated with natural gemstone mining. Thus, many buyers choose synthetic gemstones because their extraction and sale is not associated with the violation of human rights, child labor and the financing of wars and armed conflicts.

One of the technologies for growing diamonds in the laboratory is the method of growing crystals at high pressure and high temperature. In special devices, carbon is heated to 1000 ° C and subjected to a pressure of about 5 gigapascals. Typically, a small diamond is used as the seed crystal, and graphite is used for the carbon base. A new diamond grows from it. This is the most common method of growing diamonds, especially as gemstones, due to its low cost. The properties of diamonds grown in this way are the same or better than those of natural stones. The quality of synthetic diamonds depends on the method of their cultivation. Compared to natural diamonds, which are most often transparent, most artificial diamonds are colored.

Due to their hardness, diamonds are widely used in manufacturing. In addition, their high thermal conductivity, optical properties and resistance to alkalis and acids are highly valued. Cutting tools are often coated with diamond dust, which is also used in abrasives and materials. Most of the diamonds in production are of artificial origin due to the low price and because the demand for such diamonds exceeds the ability to mine them in nature.

Some companies offer services to create memorial diamonds from the ashes of the deceased. To do this, after cremation, the ashes are cleaned until carbon is obtained, and then a diamond is grown on its basis. Manufacturers advertise these diamonds as a memory of the departed, and their services are popular, especially in countries with a high percentage of wealthy citizens, such as the United States and Japan.

Crystal growth method at high pressure and high temperature

The high pressure, high temperature crystal growth method is mainly used to synthesize diamonds, but more recently, this method has been used to improve natural diamonds or change their color. Different presses are used to artificially grow diamonds. The most expensive to maintain and the most difficult of these is the cubic press. It is mainly used to enhance or change the color of natural diamonds. Diamonds grow in the press at a rate of approximately 0.5 carats per day.

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Everyone knows that air pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, since this unit of measurement is used in everyday life. In physics, in the SI system of units, pressure is measured in pascals. The article will tell you how to convert millimeters of mercury to pascals.

Air pressure

First, let's deal with the question of what air pressure is. This value is understood as the pressure that the atmosphere of our planet exerts on any objects located on the surface of the Earth. It is easy to understand the reason for the appearance of this pressure: for this you need to remember that each body of finite mass has a certain weight, which can be determined by the formula: N \u003d m * g, where N is the weight of the body, g is the value of the acceleration of gravity, m is the mass of the body . The presence of weight in the body is due to gravity.

The atmosphere of our planet is a large gaseous body, which also has some mass, and therefore has weight. It has been experimentally established that the mass of air that exerts pressure on 1 m 2 of the earth's surface at sea level is approximately equal to 10 tons! The pressure exerted by this air mass is 101,325 pascals (Pa).

Pascal conversion millimeters of mercury

When viewing a weather forecast, atmospheric pressure information is usually presented in millimeters of a column of mercury (mmHg). To understand how mm Hg. Art. convert to pascals, you only need to know the ratio between these units. And remember this ratio is simple: 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to a pressure of 101 325 Pa.

Knowing the above figures, you can get the formula for converting millimeters of mercury to pascals. The easiest way to do this is to use a simple proportion. For example, some pressure H is known in mm Hg. Art., then the pressure P in pascals will be: P \u003d H * 101325/760 \u003d 133.322 * H.

The above formula is easy to use. For example, at the top of Mount Elbrus (5642 m), the air pressure is approximately 368 mm Hg. Art. Substituting this value into the formula, we get: P = 133.322*H = 133.322*368 = 49062 Pa, or approximately 49 kPa.

1 pascal [Pa] = 0.00750063755419211 millimeter of mercury (0°C) [mmHg]

Initial value

Converted value