When there are fewer sounds than letters. How to write words in which the number of sounds is more than letters. Some facts about the letter Yo

Task A4 Phonetics. Sounds and letters. Phonetic analysis of the word Consonant sounds Voiced B C D F Z Y L M N R - - - - Deaf P f K T W S - - - - - X C H W Easy to remember: these phrases contain 1. ? - Ugh!" all voiceless consonants. 2. "SMART HEAD, DISASSEMBLE GOD'S CASES!" - all voiced consonants. Note!    Before voiced consonants, the deaf are voiced: knock down - [z] beat; exam - e[g] substitutions. Before deaf consonants, voiced ones are deafened: seedlings - [f] gatherings; approach - by [t] walk. Voiced consonants are stunned at the end of words: all-terrain vehicle - all-terrain vehicle [t], story - story [s]. Keep this in mind when you complete the following tasks: In which word does the consonant sound sound during pronunciation? In which word does the consonant sound deafen during pronunciation? In which word are all consonants deaf? In which word are all consonants voiced? Which word has the sound [specified]? Hard and soft consonants Voiced and voiceless consonants can be hard and soft. Always soft - Y, H, Щ The softness of the previous consonants is influenced by the letters E, E, Yu, I, I, and also b: ripple - [r'ap '], spring - [v'i] sleep. Always hard consonants Zh, Sh, Z Remember this when you complete the following tasks: Which word has a hard, voiceless, hissing consonant sound? In which word are all consonants solid? In which word are all consonants soft? Note! The letters E, Yo, Yu, I convey the sounds [e], [o], [y], [a], if used after a soft consonant (see previous slide). These letters convey two sounds: At the beginning of a word: eats - [ YEst]; young man - [Yunosha]. After b and b: blizzard - [v’YUga]. After the vowel sound: arrived - [pr'iYEhal]. Keep this in mind when you complete tasks: In which word does the number of letters and sounds match? Which word has more letters than sounds? Which word has more sounds than letters? What word (number indicated) sounds? Do not forget at the same time that b and b do not represent speech sounds! Positions in which the pronunciation of consonants depends on their position in the word or on their proximity to other vowels or consonants. 1. Combinations -tsya, -tsya is pronounced like [Ts] Hello - healthy [Ts] and 2. Combinations dh, tch Machine gunner - machine gun [H '] ik are pronounced like [H '] 3. Combinations ds, ts are pronounced like [Ts ] Neighbor - neighbor [C] cue 4. Combinations szh, zzh, zhzh Burn - [F] ech are pronounced as [F] 5. Combinations sch, sch are pronounced as [Sch '] Carrier - translation [Sh '] ik 6. Double consonants are pronounced as one long sound Class - class [C] 7. In combinations stn, ntsk, charming, giant, heart, be silent, Dutch, late, happy, sun, etc. rdts, vstv, lvstv, zdn, ndsk, stl, lnts the selected letters are not pronounced Keep this in mind when you complete the tasks: In which word does the number of letters and sounds match? Which word has more letters than sounds? Which word has more sounds than letters? What word (number indicated) sounds? Which word has a hard voiceless hissing consonant sound? In which word are all consonants solid? In which word are all consonants soft? In which word does a consonant sound occur during pronunciation? In which word does the consonant sound deafen during pronunciation? In which word are all consonants deaf? In which word are all consonants voiced? Which word has the sound [specified]? We decide together a) Which word has only voiced consonants? 1) 2) 3) 4) the approach shaved off a light explosion If you exclude all words that have voiceless sounds, you will probably make a mistake. You will have the fourth option left - the word explosion, however, at the absolute end of the word, the sound [v] is deafened. Therefore, do not rush, check if a dull sound is heard before a ringing one? In the first version, both voiced sounds [d] are deafened; in the third there is a deaf sound [k], which also deafens the sound [g] in front of it. The second option remains: the sound [s] is voiced before the voiced sound [b]. This is the correct answer. We decide together b) In which word is the sound [s '] pronounced? 1) 2) 3) 4) a combination of ointment boots term It is enough even by the elimination method to understand that this is not the first, not the third and not the fourth options: they do not have conditions for softening the previous indicated consonant sound. But in the second version, the sound [z] is deafened at the end of the word and softened - it is followed by b. The correct answer is 2. We decide together c) In which word does the consonant sound stun during pronunciation? 1) 2) 3) 4) knead enter rake put in In this task we are talking about a voiced consonant sound, because it is impossible to deafen the dull sound. Voiced consonants are stunned at the absolute end of a word or before a voiceless consonant. There is no weak position at the end of words, which means that we are looking for a junction of voiced and deaf consonants. Neither in the first nor in the fourth options such a joint is present. In the third case, we observe the voicing of a deaf consonant - [zg] rest. The second option remains: the letter "v" before the deaf [x] means [f]. The correct answer is 2. We decide together d) In which word is the vowel [o] pronounced? 1) 2) 3) 4) combed feeling chocolate call Determine the stress in the word to find the correct answer. Stressed vowel [o] only in the first version. This is the correct answer. We decide together e) Which word has more sounds than letters? 1) neighborhood 2) apple 3) siding 4) city More sounds in words can be given by the letters E, E, Yu, I, if they are at the beginning of a word or after a vowel. There is only one such word - apple - 9 sounds, 8 letters. In the word passing after Ъ, the letter E also gives two sounds, but the sound does not denote Ъ, therefore this word has 7 letters and the same number of sounds. The correct answer is 2. Indicate the erroneous judgment 1) In the word UNKNOWN, the consonant sound [t] is unpronounceable. 2) In the word ENTERING, the first sound is [f]. 3) In the word GET the softness of the consonant [n '] in writing is indicated by the letter b ( soft sign). 4) There are more sounds in the word SERIOUS than letters. Answer 4) Indicate the erroneous judgment 1) In the word angry, all consonants are voiced. 2) In the word hike, all consonants are deaf. 3) In the word muffin, the sound [s] is pronounced. 4) There are fewer sounds in the word hospital than letters. Answer 3) Indicate the erroneous judgment 1) In the word sun, the consonant sound [l] is unpronounceable. 2) In the word request, during pronunciation, a consonant sound is voiced. 3) There are 5 sounds in the word to learn. 4) In the word department store, all consonants are voiced. Answer 4)

Can you give examples of words that have more sounds than letters?

The word skirt has 4 letters, 5 sounds.

The word yula has 3 letters, 4 sounds.

The word pit has 3 letters, 4 sounds.

The word apple has 6 letters, 7 sounds.

The word pit has 3 letters, 4 sounds.

The word tree has 4 letters, 5 sounds.

The word ruff has 3 letters, 4 sounds.

Words where the vowels I, E, Yu, I stand after a vowel, after a dividing soft or hard sign or at the beginning of a word, give a double sound. As in the words YARMO - 4 letters, 5 sounds, GALLERY - 7 letters, 8 sounds, APPLE - 6 letters, 7 sounds, coalition - 8 letters, 9 sounds, RSH - 3 letters, 4 sounds.

To write glory, where there will be fewer letters than sounds, you need to be guided by the rule of the Russian language, which says that the letters I, E, Yu - give two syllables. Therefore, in the words: kefir - 5 letters, 6 sounds; klv - 4 letters, 5 sounds; photograph - 10 letters, 11 sounds, hawk - 6 letters, 8 sounds.

Raccoon yenot, zh yosh, chak gulls, yula yula, humor yumar. In general, words that either begin with the vowels E or Yu, or those letters come after the vowels. These letters are called diphthongs, that is, letters that have one image, but give a double sound.

The word linequot ;, for example, is suitable. Because some vowels make two sounds, and a soft sign makes no sound. There is also a word, for example, dearquot ;. Knowing the rules is easy to pick up. The word lighthouse the word iodinequot ; is also suitable. And the numeral three - there are more sounds in it than letters, because there are 4 letters and 5 sounds, e it's two sounds.

Words in which there are more sounds than letters: Christmas tree, spruce, Julia, amber, jasper, humor, south, lka, ice, icebreaker, anchor, fair, yak, ulcer, devil, hawk, honey, raccoon, poisonous, people, acorn . In all these words, the letters e, i, u - give two sounds and one letter.

As taught in the Soviet school, there are four vowels in our alphabet, which, when pronounced, have two sounds each, these are: E pronounced (Y-E), pronounced (Y-O), YU pronounced (Y-U) and last letter I of two sounds (Y-A). At the same time, there is a rule for setting these letters in words, this pronunciation is valid when the word begins with these consonants, or they come after a vowel. Therefore, when we pronounce words using these vowels, we must take into account that there are always or almost always one more sounds than letters. For example, the word BLACKBERRY. Letters: E+W+E+B+I+K+A = 7 letters, sounds: Y+E+W+E+V+I+K+A = 8 sounds. At the same time, you see, the first rule, when the letter E is the first, gives two sounds during pronunciation (Y and E), and in its second appearance only one (E), since it comes after the consonant Zh. A simpler example: the word RSH. Letters: + R + W \u003d 3; sounds: J+O+R+Sh = 4. There is another rule with these letters, when there are soft or hard signs in the word that do not have their own sounds. In this case, the number of letters and sounds, in the presence of the four vowels listed above, may coincide, or even letters may be less than sounds. Example: the word YOUTH. Sounds: Y+U+N+O+S+T=6 sounds; letters: Yu+H+O+C+T+L=6 letters. Or a word BLIZZARD. Sounds: M+E+T+E+L=5 sounds; letters: M+E+T+E+L+L=6 letters. If given examples, specific to the question, then examples would be words that have more sounds than letters, such as: YULA, JIK, FOOD, LKA, SKIRT, YURTA etc..

Another rule came to mind, look the word blizzard. Yu stands after b, we believe sounds: V+Y+U+G+A=5, now letters: V+L+YU+G+A=5 (also five). It turns out that when, after soft or hard signs, two sounds are again pronounced for these vowels, and b or b signs are lost-)

In Russian there are so-called iotized vowels. These are the vowels e ye, yo, yu yu, i ya.

In cases where these letters are in the word

at the beginning (core - core - 4 b. 5 stars),

after a dividing hard or dividing soft sign (teeth - teeth - 5 b. 6 stars, entrance - padest - 7 b. 7 stars - since, even though an iotized vowel presses two sounds, but in the word there is a letter a hard sign that sounds does not give);

After another vowel sound (police - palitsyya - 7 b. 8 stars),

iotized vowels make two sounds.

If a word has an iotized vowel in the place listed above, and all other letters in the word give one or more sounds each, then there will be more sounds in such a word than letters.

Such words, in which there are more sounds than letters, at least a dime a dozen. There are patterns: there are more sounds in words if the letters E, Yu, I are at the beginning of a word or after vowels, since then they will denote two sounds.

Line - 5 letters, 6 sounds;

moomin - 5 letters, 6 sounds;

road - 7 letters, 8 sounds;

lka - 4 letters, 5 sounds;

yula - 3 letters, 4 sounds;

raccoon - 4 letters, 5 sounds;

yoke - 4 letters, 5 sounds.

Good afternoon, Question ..... Write out words in which: 1 sounds more than letters; 2 sounds less than letters. Words: plant, work, shovel.

You need to give an example of a word in which there are fewer sounds than letters.

Recall phonetic phenomena

There are two reasons for the discrepancy between the number of sounds and letters from the standpoint of phonetics.

The first reason: not in all cases, consonants can represent sounds. There are so-called unpronounceable consonants - consonants that are not pronounced in a weak position in three cases:

at the end of a word (examples: rados t b [radas,], young man t b [moladas,]), fresh t b [sv, ezhes,];
in the position before the separating soft character (examples: h t ye [u, ac, th, e], crossbreed t ye [pam, es, th, e], not us t ye [n, and e us, th, e]);
in position before another consonant (examples: forest t ny [l, esny,], grus t ny [sad,], chu in to act [h, ustvavat,]).

Second reason: separation b and Kommersant signs of sounds do not designate at all (examples: mouse [mice], drinks [p, d, from], drops [cap, el,], entrance [fall, est]).

Let's draw a conclusion

Thus, as examples of words in which there are fewer sounds than letters, words with separators can be given. b and Kommersant and words with unpronounceable consonants either in position before another consonant, or in position at the end of a word, or before separators b and Kommersant.

And knowledge of phonetics and spelling will help us competently and reasonably give examples of such words.

Let's give our examples

A striking example of a word in which there are fewer sounds than letters is the word rados t ny. The transcription of this word will look like this: [joyful,]. This word has 9 letters and 8 sounds. There are fewer sounds than letters, because in a word glad there is an unpronounceable consonant t(it is in a weak position: before a consonant).

Let's compare. Let's put a consonant t into a strong position (we will change the form of the word or select words with the same root so that the consonant t stood before a vowel): joys [radas, t, and]. AT this case the number of sounds and letters already matches.

Consider another example of a word in which there are fewer sounds than letters: the word ten b . The transcription of this word will look like this: [t, en,]. This word has 4 letters and 3 sounds. There are fewer sounds than letters, because in a word shadow there is a dividing b at the end of a word (it does not indicate a sound).

In Russian, words are not always spelled the way they are heard. It often happens that the number of letters and sounds does not match.

Letter b

domineering [powerful] - eight b., seven stars;
sun [sontse] - six b., five stars;
festive [holiday "ich" ny] - eleven b., ten stars;
famous [famous" esny] - nine b., eight stars.

If there are unpronounceable consonants, then these are words where there are more letters than sounds.

It must be remembered that the spelling "unpronounceable consonants" must be checked with a strong position. In some cases, there are no such letters:

terrible [terrible] - seven b. and seven stars;
peer [ditch "esn" ik] - eight b., eight stars;
tasty [fkusny] - seven b., seven stars.

double consonants

There is also such a phenomenon as double and If they are present in a word, we will also have a discrepancy between the quantitative composition of sounds and letters, for example:

television antenna [antena] - seven points, six stars;
friendly team [kol "ikt" if] - nine b., eight stars;
old yeast [shiver] - six b., five stars;
artificial crystal [kr "istal] - eight b., seven stars.
station [station] house - eleven b., ten stars;
glass [st "ikl" any] - ten b., nine stars.

These words contain more letters than sounds.

Changing the quality of sounds

In words, simplification is often observed in places where consonants collide. Then, instead of several sounds, one is pronounced, which differs in quality from the original ones. For example:

hides from the eyes [hidden] - ten b. and nine stars;
great athlete [sportsman] - nine points, eight stars;
urban [garatskaya] resident - nine b., eight stars.

Practice #3

1. Determine which words have more letters than sounds:

feel disappointed;
participate in competitions;
inappropriate question;
peer of my parents;
long eyelashes;
private person;
dangerous age;
rainy day;
delicious dishes;
linden alley;
quarrel friends;
occupied territory;
file an appeal;
art;
appetizing cake.

2. Dictation.

It rained at night, but in the morning the weather was wonderful. Peers and peers marched to school. Everyone had Before reaching school a little, the guys felt a distinct aroma of roses. These were bushes that were planted by graduates back in May.

OPTION 1

Part 1

1) desk 3) Yura

2) skates 4) bouquet

Indicate a pair of words in which the words consist of the same sounds.

1) mouse - silence

2) soap - Mila

3) meadow - bow

4) sofa - owl

Write the word with the stress on the first syllable.

1) sorrel 3) beets

2) cement 4) start

1) rock 3) gathering

2) move out 4) welding

What word is not the same root as the word cold.

1) cold

2) cold

3) refrigerator

When writing which word you need to use the rule: "Check the unstressed vowel in the root with stress."

1) s_freeze 3) x_trets

2) m_rozny 4) garden_k

What is the word that contains the letter Z?

1) _do 3) bring_

2) ru_ki 4) polo_ka

Give the word with a preposition.

1) (by) others

2) (to) go

3) (along) the coast

4) (along) the coast

Which word is missing a soft sign (s)?

1) violinist_

10. In which variant is the letter and missing in the highlighted word?

1) preparation for autumn_

2) read in books_

3) ran across the lawn_

4) sat on the sofa_

11. At the end of which adjective at the place of the pass is written e?

1) beyond the distant lake

2) in the blue sea

3) spring_m heat

4) from bitter_x tears

The sun came out and rolled on blue sky.

1) the sun came out

2) the sun came out and rolled

3) rolled across the sky

4) across the blue sky

Part 2

13. Write down a test word for the missing spelling in the word happy.

Answer: _________________

Branches (1) broke (2) creaked (Z) cracked.

Answer:____________________

Part 3

A. In autumn, an apple fell from her.

B. An apple tree grew in the garden.

Q. The birds ate this apple, and only the seed hid in the ground.

G. And five years later, ruddy apples grew on a new apple tree.

D. In the spring, a small tree grew from a seed.

Answer:_______________

OPTION 2

Part 1

Which word has more letters than sounds?

1) cup 3) Julia

2) five 4) seagull

2. In which word are only solid consonants pronounced?

1) singing 3) wagon

2) straight 4) wheel

Write the word with the stress on the second syllable.

1) kilometer 3) call

2) guards 4) document

Which word is missing a prefix?

1) plantain

2) gift

3) shelf

Which word is not the same root as the word fairy tale.

1) fairy tale

2) storyteller

4) fabulous

When writing which word you need to use the rule: "Check the unstressed vowel at the root with stress."

1) p_protein

3) youth

4) lazy

In what word do you not need to write the letter t at the place of the gap?

1) wet

2) forest_nitsa

3) wonderful

4) crunch_nula

In what phrase at the place of the pass should I write the ending and?

1) met at the station_

2) played on the playground_

3) dreamed of a trip_

4) drove up to the square_

Indicate the word in which the soft sign (ь) is missing.

1) luggage_ 3) drove in

2) night_noy 4) youth_

10. At the end of which adjective, the letter and is written at the place of the gap?

1) on hot sand

2) on fresh grass

3) winter forest

4) on a long trip

11. In which answer option are the main members of the sentence correctly indicated?

Resinous cones adorn the tops of fir trees.

1) resinous bumps

2) cones decorate

3) tops decorate

4) tops of firs

Part 2

Indicate words that are close in meaning (synonyms).

1) night, stars

2) underground, underwater

3) river, fish

4) heat, heat

The wading birds flew south.

Answer:_____________

Write down the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

The hunters untied (1) the boat (2) put a backpack in it (3) pushed off (4) from the shore (5) and swam.

Answer_________________

Part 3

15. In what order should the sentences indicated by letters follow in order to get a coherent text? Write 4 - 6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. Soon they hatched storks.

B. The storks built a nest on an old tree.

V. The storks rejoiced at the delicious food.

D. From early morning until late evening, their parents brought them frogs and fish from the swamp.

D. They gratefully flapped their wide wings and loudly clicked their strong beaks.

Answer: ________________

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OPTION 3

Part 1

Which word has more sounds than letters?

1) echo 3) yurt

2) stars 4) spruce

2. In which word are only soft consonants pronounced?

2) sow 4) bright

Write the word with the stress on the third syllable.

1) plant 3) prettier

2) thank you 4) store

Which word has no suffix?

1) hair 3) pockets

2) kettle 4) birch

Which word is not the same root as the word rocket.

1) rocket 3) missiles

2) rocket launcher 4) rocket launcher

Which word has the letter o in the root?

1) apartment

2) room

3) st_born

4) d_ran

In what word do you need to write the letter t in place of the gap?

1) beautiful

2) dangerous

3) interesting

4) lovely

8. In what phrases should the ending -e be written at the place of the gap in the highlighted words?

1) mistakes in notebook_

2) on the edge of villages_

3) rode a horse_

4) rode a horse

Indicate the word in which the separating hard sign (ъ) is missing.

1) in the_south 3) edible

2) comrade_ 4) sh_ut

10. At the end of which adjective, the letter e is written at the place of the gap?

1) on a prickly branch

2) under brittle ice

3) in a birch grove

4) along the high banks

11. In which variant are the main members of the sentence correctly indicated?

A noisy flock of finches flew by and hid in a birch alley.

1) a flock of finches

2) the flock has flown

3) the flock disappeared

4) the flock flew over and disappeared

12. Indicate the word opposite in meaning (antonym) to the word powerful (motor)?

1) strong 3) calm

2) weak 4) mighty

Part 2

13. Determine the case of the adjective in the sentence.

The roots of the apple tree draw nourishing juices from the ground.

Answer: _____________

Under the roots of an old oak (1) there was a small mink (2) and a hedgehog was sleeping in a mink (3).

Answer:______________________

Part 3

In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get a coherent text? Complete 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. Suddenly the float jumped in the water and sank.

B. The ear will be good!

B. The fins of the perch are red, and the back is dark green.

G. The fisherman pulled the fishing rod and pulled out the perch.

D. The fisherman threw a fishing rod into the river and waits.

Answer: _____________________

OPTION 4

Part 1

Which word has four letters and three sounds?

2. Indicate a word that ends in a dull consonant.

2) waterfall

3) arrived

4) tractor

1) alphabet 3) kilometer

2) prettier 4) shop

The composition of which word differs from the composition of the word load?

1) DIY

2) trip

3) polyushko

4) gifts

Which word is missing the letter e in the root?

2) sv_stit

3) on the windowsill_

4) vy_chka

6. Indicate the word in which the letter d is missing.

1) lopa_ka

2) stick

4) blood

7. In which variant is the letter e missing in both words?

1) in books_ and in notebook_

2) at the top_ ate_

3) along the path_ to the gatehouse_

4) on a leaflet_ cherry_

Give the word with a preposition.

1) (c) run

2) (on) smear

Write the adjective in the prepositional case.

1) on the winter (road)

2) on the bottom (leg)

3) evening (twilight)

4) at the rear (wheel)

10. The word of which part of speech is missing in this sentence?

Foliage flutters in the air.

2) noun

3) adjective

4) preposition

11. In what phrase is the adjective used in figurative meaning?

1) hot coffee

2) hot soup

3) hot dispute

4) hot iron

12. Indicate the option in which the main members of the sentence are correctly indicated.

Migratory birds cleaned their feathers and set off.

1) cleaned the feathers

2) migratory birds

3) birds cleaned

4) the birds cleaned up and set off

Part 2

13. Write down a test word for the missing spelling in the word locality.

Answer:___________________________

Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

In the spring (1) the bullfinch flies into the thicket of the forest (2) makes a nest (3) in the thick paws of fir trees.

Answer:_______________

Part 3

In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get a coherent text? Complete 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. For a long time the fox tore the drum with its claws, gnawed with its teeth, finally tore the skin and saw emptiness.

B. And then she grew bolder and attacked the prey.

B. A hungry fox once stumbled upon an old drum.

D. He lay in the bushes and buzzed when the branches hit the stretched skin.

E. Hearing these loud sounds, the fox at first was afraid to approach.

Answer:____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

OPTION 5

Part 1

Which word has five letters and four sounds?

1) leg 3) gun

2) deer 4) willow

2. Indicate a word that ends in a voiced consonant.

2) story

3) suffix

Which word is stressed incorrectly?

1) took 3) cakes

2) carpenter 4) call

The composition of which word differs from the composition of the word lemons?