Wall plastering tips for beginners Proper plastering and plastering of the wall with your own hands. Shading in the shade

With the use of mortars, decorative and protective surfaces are created, walls are leveled. They are used for various reasons, and. Correct use universal technologies allows you to successfully solve various functional and aesthetic problems. This article talks about how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner. Videos, step-by-step instructions, comments and other materials will help you learn the nuances of professional techniques.

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What is plaster: we study general information

The purpose of applying this technique is to create a durable layer that eliminates irregularities and other defects in the original surface.

Homogeneous solid plaster provides good protection against wind and other adverse external influences. It performs full-fledged, improves economic performance during the operation of the property.

Such a tool is more often used for masonry,. However, it is also used for plastering walls. Stir with a trowel, collect and throw the solution onto the wall. With the help of the narrowed part, working operations are performed in the corners, gaps are closed.

The tapered trapezoid shape is well suited for accurately filling the joints with a mixture. In particular, such a tool is used when forming surfaces from sheets. It is also convenient for them to separate the old plaster, remove dirt from the cracks.

This tool is used to work with curly pilasters, other complex elements. The tapered front part of the paddle is well suited for dosing and distributing the solution in hard-to-reach places, on curved surfaces.

This tool got its name from the name of a special technology. decorative finishes. walls are made using plastic mortars. Apply thin layers with careful alignment of the smallest irregularities. For high-quality and fairly fast reproduction of work operations, an ideally smooth large working surface. Rounded corners of the trowel prevent scratches.

Note! Experienced craftsmen acquire identical blades in several sizes. Large ones are used for stirring and throwing, creating the first plaster coating. Compact tools are used to apply subsequent layers and perform “jewelry” work.

From this photo it is not difficult to understand the principle of working with the tool. It is moved based on beacons to form flat surface.

This tool removes irregularities from the surface. The photo shows a grater with a replaceable blade.

Use specialized mechanical equipment

To perform certain operations, in addition to gloves, you will need a respirator. Other means personal protection. List necessary purchases make up after choosing a certain technology, taking into account the characteristics of the property, other important factors.

How to prepare a mortar for wall plaster

• When plastering walls with your own hands using factory mixtures, use the official instructions of the manufacturer.
• The created solution should be well fixed on a vertical surface.
• It is necessary to obtain such a consistency that there are no difficulties when smoothing the rule.
• Too dry mixture forms lumps and bumps. With excessive moisture concentration, the solution flows down.
• Be sure to specify the period for which the finished composition must be used in full. With insufficient qualifications, it is better to prepare not a large number of for the work cycle.

If there are no special instructions for creating a solution, the following algorithm of actions is used:

• Prepare a container right size. Suitable light plastic a bucket that is not damaged by a construction mixer is quickly cleaned of dirt. Unlike metal counterparts, it does not make loud sounds when in contact with metal working tools.
• First pour clean water. It is not necessary to boil it, but colored impurities and strong odors must be excluded.
• Dry ingredients fall asleep gradually, mixing thoroughly.
• When the lumps are eliminated, leave the solution for 3-4 minutes. Next, the viscosity is checked, water and other components are added in the correct proportions until the desired consistency is obtained.

Note! For standard cement-based formulations, wall plastering in one batch should be completed in 45-60 minutes. If there is gypsum in the composition, the work will have to be done twice as fast.

The most important stage of finishing work: preparing the walls for plastering

• The base for applying a new layer must be strong, so remove the old, other coatings.
• Check the condition of the walls. Upon detection, they close up cracks, install elements for strengthening the power frame.
• If dampness is detected, eliminate the source of its occurrence. Repair, install high quality.
• Next, it is necessary to prevent the walls from absorbing moisture from the plaster mortar. To do this, use depending on the material of the wall.
• Special formulations improve the adhesive properties of the surface. If mechanical processing is used for this, at the final stage, contaminants are removed from the working area.

How to plaster walls without beacons with your own hands: video and useful tips

This technology is used in basements, technical rooms, attics and other facilities where it is not necessary to create an ideal surface.

A photo	How to align walls without beacons: step by step instructions with expert comments
	If done right, you can high quality at an economical consumption of the building mixture. It should be noted that such techniques are indispensable when working in cramped conditions, when it is necessary to plaster walls behind pipes and.
	Pre-clean the influx of the solution, close up large holes. The brick is old, so the typical solution (wetting with water) will not work. Careful handling required.
	The design has corners. They will need to be covered with overlays made of plastic or metal.
	To create the first layer, do not apply sketching. Use sequential processing small plots, rub small doses of the solution into the wall. It is at this stage that all the voids in the masonry can be filled. A wide spatula makes it easier to level the surface. When performing smooth movements, it is not difficult to notice and eliminate depressions and tubercles.
	Next, the rule checks the evenness of the wall section, mount the corners. Mark the places (recesses) where it is necessary to remove irregularities.
	Start applying the second layer. After fixing the plaster on the wall, the rule is again used to control the surface. They can also have an extra solution.
	After 30-40 minutes, a finishing layer is applied. At this stage, small doses of the solution are used, since in fact only corrective actions are needed. On a fairly flat surface, the consumption of material is small. It is especially important here that there are no lumps or foreign bodies in the mixture. AT real situation the time is set taking into account the characteristics of a particular recipe.

At the final stage, after hardening, the top layer is treated with a grater. Experienced craftsmen remove small defects with a spatula. When plastering walls with your own hands without beacons, you can save consumables. But here you have to spend more effort and time to get good results. But in some cases, perfect quality is simply not needed.

Video plaster siten without beacons using gypsum mortar:

What are the differences between do-it-yourself wall plastering on lighthouses: video with professional comments

A photo	Plastering walls using homemade beacons: step by step instructions
	After removing old decorative and insufficiently durable coatings, construction defects are eliminated. Next, a primer is applied with a paint roller.
	Mark the location of the beacons in such a way that when performing work operations, the rule is based on two reference lines at the same time.
	Marks are made at a distance of 5 cm from each edge of the instrument. If a 250 cm long rule is selected, the distance between the beacons should be 240 cm or slightly less.
	Holes are drilled according to the marked marks. Plastic dowels are hammered into them.
	Screw in self-tapping screws with wire rings. Similar operations are performed on the other side of the wall.
	Wooden pegs are used to accurately set the desired level. The dimensions of these elements and the corresponding position of the string are chosen taking into account the position and geometric features of the wall.
	By using bubble level control the vertical. If necessary, change the position of the strings. When suitable pegs are selected, the self-tapping screws are tightened to the stop for strong wire tension.
	Mix the solution in accordance with the manufacturer's official recommendations. This procedure does not require the ideal state of the finished mixture, but it is more convenient to work with high-quality consumables, no lumps.
	Using a plaster spatula, a solution is applied near the string. Remove excess parts from the surface of the stretched wire. After hardening, small irregularities are removed with a spatula from the surface of the created beacons.
	Start mixing the ingredients. Dry ingredients are poured into the water. Next, use a construction mixer. At this stage, a high-quality solution with a uniform structure and optimal density should be created.
	Throw in a mixture of trowels (trapezoidal trowel). For preliminary smoothing use a wide spatula.
	Next, the rule is applied. They pull the solution to the side. Lighthouses serve as longitudinal supports. Small movements up and down make this operation easier.
	Continue plastering the walls in the same way. After completing the treatment of the entire area, it is necessary to withstand 10-15 minutes until the top layer “grabs”. After that, small irregularities are removed with a grater, a wide spatula.

Watch this lighthouse plastering video for beginners:

Here it is shown how a high-quality flat surface is created using this technology. It can be painted and wallpapered without additional processing after drying.

In this video, do-it-yourself alignment of the wall along the lighthouses is done with preliminary reinforcement:

This technique can be used instead of creating special irregularities. The mesh will also provide increased resistance of the layer to mechanical stress.

Additional advice: setting beacons without errors

The drawing of the premises will help to accurately establish the lines for placing vertical beacons.

In the figure, the places of their installation are marked, taking into account the length of the rule. As with the strings, here you need to make the distance smaller than this leveling tool. Leave enough distance to internal corners, other obstacles.

In this figure, the principle of constructing the field is clear. Instead of nails, it is more convenient to use self-tapping screws that are screwed to the desired depth. First, screws are installed at points 1 and 3. A cord is pulled between them and elements 7 and 8 are installed. Verticals (1-2; 3-6-4) and others are controlled using a plumb line. If necessary, change the position of the screws to obtain a clear line.

Diagram (1) shows installation using specialized fasteners. To check the surfaces, bubble (2) and laser (3) tools are used. A stretched string (4) sets the exact level of one line.

Proper selection and use of different materials

In the apartment, it will be possible to find out after a detailed acquaintance with the features of different recipes. It is quite convenient to work with ready-made building mixtures. They are sold dry, so subsequent dilution with water and mixing will be required. The main advantage is a carefully selected composition. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost. At right choice ingredients, you can create a professional-grade solution.

Features of do-it-yourself wall plastering with cement mortar: video and written instructions

The first layer of wall plaster is called "splatter". It is applied with a liquid solution in order to fill the smallest pores and cracks as evenly as possible. When setting occurs (but until completely dry) - apply a second, thicker one. It creates a rough surface. The mixture for the next layer is created from fine sand with the addition of lime. This will increase plasticity. The following table lists the technical parameters and quantities of ingredients. Knowing the proportions, you can change the parameters, taking into account the characteristics of a particular project.

The video shows an example of plastering walls with cement mortar on beacons:

How to plaster walls with gypsum plaster: video, important nuances

When using mixtures on this basis, rapid hardening must be taken into account. It should also be noted a slightly lower resistance to moisture without special additives. In this case, a denser structure without pores is obtained, which worsens insulation characteristics. However, the surface is smooth. It should be noted that the ease of application different surfaces.

In the accompanying documentation for factory dry mixes indicate:

• Minimum and maximum layer thickness.
• The operating temperature to which the individual parameters correspond.
• Consumption per 1 sq. m.
• The amount of solution that is obtained from one package;
• Time:

1. maturation and life of the solution in an open container;
2. drying of a layer of a certain thickness;
3. set of nominal strength.

• Density and strength of the finished layer.
• Grain.
• Color and shelf life of plaster in its original packaging.

For internal works you can use homemade plaster with an increased setting time. Create two separate solutions from water and one/three parts of gypsum/lime, respectively. Then they are mixed, used for their intended purpose.

In this video, the master talks about leveling the walls gypsum plaster:

How to make finishing wall plaster with your own hands: video, the basics of quality work

For high-quality wall plastering, you need to create an ideal flat surface. At the same time, good adhesion is needed for reliable fixation of the finishing decorative coating. You can solve this problem using the following recipe:

• For 5 kg of gypsum take 15 kg of chalk (powder). The ingredients are mixed.
• Next, a solution (5%) of wood glue is added to the container.
• The required amount of liquid is determined experimentally by stirring the mixture to a homogeneous mass with the consistency of very thick sour cream.

Important! Without sufficient experience, it is better to work with a small amount of mortar, as it sets very quickly.

This video shows an example of wall plastering for wallpaper:

How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video and comments on the use of technology on different surfaces

If you find out how, the implementation of new projects and the restoration of old buildings will be simplified. In addition to the features of the materials, weather conditions, as well as the nuances of future operation, should be taken into account. Different technologies are used for interior and exterior decoration.

Cement-based mortars are well suited for plastering brick walls.

Lime is added to them if outdoor work is supposed to be performed. Similar solutions are used for other rooms with high humidity. Plastering brick walls is often preceded by the removal of the old coating. There are many irregularities in such surfaces, so you should count on a relatively large consumption of materials. When creating thick layers, mesh reinforcement is used.

How to plaster a brick wall with your own hands indoors is described in this video:

Concrete walls: smooth, durable surfaces are not always good

When preparing such coatings, the joints between the plates are carefully sealed. Smooth factory products are characterized by low adhesion, so you will have to use a special tool (bush hammers, perforator nozzles) to create special damage. The necessary adhesion is provided with the use of primers, gypsum is added to the solution. These operations increase the cost of wall plastering. However, it should be noted the high strength of the corresponding building structures, the absence of deformations during operation.

Preparation and quality plastering of wooden walls

Removing old plaster in this case is not difficult. For fixing mortar use a lattice structure of rails. Such a base does not provide high strength. The entire building is rapidly collapsing. The only inconvenience is a lot of dust.

Instead of rails, a chain-link net with a wire thickness of 2.5 mm or more is used. The surface freed from external layers is preliminarily cleaned. Wooden parts are treated with drugs that protect against decay.

This video shows how to plaster a wooden wall:

Features of foundation plaster

The corresponding work inside the building does not differ from the work performed in other rooms. In the presence of high humidity apply an additional layer. But better protection from water, install outside to prevent damage to building structures.

Note! Pay attention to fiberglass. This material provides the necessary reinforcement strength, but is not damaged by corrosion processes, like metal products.

With the help of this video, you can quickly figure out how to plaster houses with your own hands:

No matter how accurate the theoretical knowledge is, in this case practical experience is needed. In order not to waste time and money on correcting deficiencies, it is better to practice in advance on small areas. Separate experiments are performed before plastering the walls with their own hands on new (complex in shape) surfaces.

Wall plastering is needed for any uneven surface, so wherever you live: in a private house or in an apartment, if the walls are uneven, then before applying the top decorative layer (paint or wallpaper), you first need to plaster the wall.

The choice of plaster material depends on the type of walls. It is also important to take into account the conditions of the work. For outdoor and internal plastering different materials are required.

Plaster for brick walls

The wall plaster, if it is a brick wall, should be made from cement mortar. If there is high humidity in the room, or the plaster is carried out outside, lime must be added to the cement. The plaster must be applied with a layer of 3 cm, however, the walls must first be reinforced. This will help to avoid flaking of the plaster in the future.

Next, we will provide step by step instructions how to plaster walls, and tell you what you need to prepare a cement mortar. Take one part of cement and 2 to 5 parts of sand, add water to this mixture, and start kneading cement mortar. Water must be poured in gradually so that the solution does not turn out to be liquid. If lime must be added to the cement mortar, take one part cement, six parts sand, and pre-diluted lime. Mix all the materials and add a little water if the solution is too thick.

Plaster for concrete walls

Next, we will talk about how to properly plaster walls when it comes to concrete walls Oh. In this case, a cement mortar is also used, but gypsum and quartz particles must be added to it. Thanks to the quartz, the walls will be slightly rough, this will help the mortar to better adhere to the surface of the wall.

If it is necessary to make a solution with the addition of lime and gypsum, it is necessary to prepare a container with water, and pour one part of the gypsum on top in a thin layer. The mixture must be quickly mixed, after which the solution is mixed for another ten minutes. As a result, it should not turn out very thick.

If the concrete wall is initially rough, the quartz primer can be omitted. For plastering this type of wall, you can use either cement or gypsum mortar.

Plaster for foam concrete walls

Before plastering the walls for a beginner, it is necessary to treat them with a primer. The foam concrete wall must be plastered with a gypsum mortar. However, if you prepared cement, it's okay, you can use it too.

Also, a reinforcing fiberglass mesh can be attached to foam concrete walls. If the rules for plastering walls with your own hands seem very complicated to you, and it is difficult for you to knead the mortar yourself, you can use ready-made mixtures that are sold in hardware stores. For beginners, this option will be very convenient, since you do not need to purchase the ingredients separately, nor measure the proportions in which the materials need to be added to the solution.

In the process of plastering walls, dirt and dust cannot be avoided. Must be strictly adhered to technological recommendations. Before starting work Prepare the following tools and materials:

• level;
• Master OK;
• the container in which you will knead the solution;
• construction mixer;
• short and long rule;
• square;
• putty knife;
• construction mixer;
• plaster mixture or all ingredients separately;
• primer.

Before plastering the wall with plaster, it is necessary to carry out the following preparatory work:

1. The first step is to clean the walls. For example, if it is wallpaper, you need to remove it entirely so that no pieces of paper remain on the wall. For a brick wall, it is necessary to make a centimeter sample of seams. If the wall is concrete, it is necessary to make notches 3 mm deep and one and a half cm long. There should be about 250 notches per square meter. This will help create the best adhesion conditions for the plaster mortar.
2. If you need to plaster wooden walls, you first need to fill the shingles. For this you will need pieces of plywood. You can also use a mesh netting. It must be fixed to the wall through plywood strips.
3. At the next stage, we wet the walls with water using a broom or sprayer. Concrete walls must be treated with a primer. For foam concrete walls or walls from silicate brick use a penetrating primer. If the surface is highly absorbent, it is better to treat it twice.

Also, the primer further strengthens the walls. Before applying the primer, the walls must be cleaned of dust and dirt. Using a spatula, remove old plaster that is already peeling off. Wait until the primer is completely dry before applying new plaster.

If you find cracks in the wall, they must be repaired. The percentage of crack closure depends on their depth. If the crack goes deep into the wall, it must first be expanded. When expanding the wall, you will definitely get a gap in which there will be particles of dust and old plaster. Using a brush, it is necessary to remove all dust, and then treat the crack with a primer. After the primer dries, it is necessary to putty the crack using gypsum or cement mortar. This can be done with a spatula. The putty layer must match the wall layer.

If the crack is shallow and very narrow, sealing can be done with silicone or sealant. Use a thin nozzle (usually it comes with a balloon), direct it into the crack itself and apply the solution inside. If the crack is very large, best method embedding will polyurethane foam. In this case, you can not wait for the primer to dry. Thus, the wall is sealed, however, often the mounting foam protrudes to the surface. You need to cut off all the protruding parts to make the wall smooth.

As mentioned earlier, plastering walls for a beginner is not easy enough. That's why ideal option will use a ready-made plaster solution. This mixture is sold in hardware store. Be sure to study the packaging before starting work, the plaster consumption will be written on it, and all cooking instructions will be given. For a bag weighing 30 kg, about 18 liters of water are usually used.

Any mixture must be thoroughly mixed, for this a special construction mixer is used, or you can use a mixer nozzle. In this case, it is compressed in the cartridge electric drill. First, knead for 5-7 minutes, then you need to wait another 5 minutes, and then continue kneading until all lumps disappear in the mixture.

Before mixing the mixture, make sure that you have everything ready, as the solution can be used for approximately 30 minutes after mixing it. If a little more time has passed, and it has become more viscous, you can no longer add water!

If you decide to plaster the walls with plaster for the first time, we recommend making the mortar in small parts, as there is a high risk of spoiling the entire bag, and then you will have to buy a new mixture.

Next, we move on to applying the plaster in several layers. The first layer is called the spray. The thickness of the first layer of plaster should be 0.4-1 cm. The first layer can be applied by throwing or spreading the plaster. When throwing, the plaster is collected in a special spatula, and with the addition of force it is thrown onto the wall. The swing of the hand should be small, only the hand works in this process. This will help make sure that the plaster does not scatter around. This method helps the plaster penetrate well into the surface.

When spreading plaster, it is enough to spread it with a trowel on the wall. After you need to eliminate strongly protruding parts, then you can not level the layer. In this paragraph, we have described how to start plastering the walls, and now let's talk about the second layer called the primer.

The primer, or as it is called for short, the soil, should resemble dough in its consistency. Before starting the second layer, it is necessary to understand how to check the plaster of the walls at the time of applying the first layer. To do this, you need to press your finger on the previously applied layer and see: if there are no deformations on the surface, then the spray has already dried up.

When priming a surface, it is very important to treat the entire wall, including any small gaps that may have formed during the application of the first coat. Next, you need to level the surface, you need to do this starting from the bottom and going up.

To internal plaster walls with their own hands was made with high quality, after priming the walls, the surface should be perfectly flat. To achieve this effect, we take a trowel and drive it along the wall, drawing horizontal and vertical lines. If the wall is wooden, apply given layer 2 cm, after which we leave it to dry.

We have already talked about how to start plastering walls, what the second layer should be, and now we will talk about the third, penultimate layer of plaster.

This layer is called the overlay. Its main goal is to eliminate the shortcomings that could have been formed in the process of carrying out the previous stages.

The previous two layers were similar in consistency to dough, covering it in such a way that it resembles sour cream in its density. It is very important that the surface is perfectly even, so there should be no lumps in the mixture. To do this, we first sift all the ingredients necessary to create the solution through a special construction sieve.

In order to properly plaster the walls, it is necessary to strictly follow the sequence of applying all layers and carrying out the above works. Therefore, follow these instructions in the order in which the items are listed.

At the next stage, it is necessary to moisten the wall with water, and then apply the prepared solution. To do this, use a special spatula for plaster. Next, take a trowel and with slow circular motions, even out the resulting layer as much as possible. The technique for applying the previous and this layer is slightly different. If earlier we waited for complete drying, then at this stage it is necessary to immediately start grouting.

Such a process as plastering a wall with your own hands is quite lengthy. Therefore, everything does not end in the previous three stages. Next, we will deal with the grouting of the plaster.

Grout must be done in circles. The movement must be counterclockwise. This process is carried out using a wooden trowel. This tool has a sharp part that will help cut off all the protruding places. If the previous layer began to dry out, you can moisten it with water.

In our material, we tell in detail how to learn how to plaster walls, so we decided to tell you not only about one method of grouting, but also to give you some variety. Therefore, the next method is called overclocking.

On the one hand, learning how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner, you have already received a lot of useful information, and you could stop there. You have learned about different materials, such as wall plaster, how to apply it in layers, but you want the work to turn out at the highest level. Therefore, we will talk about the next step, which is used after circular grouting to get a perfectly even layer.

Take the grater and press it against the surface, at the same time try to make sharp strokes. You can also go with a grater along the entire wall, first it must be upholstered with felt or felt. This will help you to remove circular marks by learning about such types as wall plasters, as well as by studying all the rules and completing the work without the use of outside help.

If your wall has large irregularities, use this method to help you evenly apply the required layer of plaster. To do this, we apply wall plastering along the lighthouses, and at the first stage we mark the walls.

It is very difficult for a beginner to immediately figure out how to properly plaster walls with plaster, so the markup will help him do everything right. As beacons, you can use different materials. For example, metal guides are suitable for brick walls, shingles for wooden ones.

This method can be called very popular among the methods of plastering walls with your own hands. The main thing is to follow all the points strictly following their sequence:

1. We draw a vertical line, and along this line we apply the solution in spots. Beacons will be fixed in these places. The length of the beacons should be about 2 meters. And in order to complete the row to the height of the wall, we use segments.
2. Use a level to push the beacon into the solution. Make sure that the profile is vertical all the time. In the same way, we expose the beacons at the other end of the wall.
3. You can also fix beacons with plaster, but we recommend using alabaster, as it will cool down much faster.
4. To understand where the remaining beacons will be attached, take the cord and pull it down between the beacons that are in the corners. To secure the cord, either hammer dowels into the masonry or screw in screws.
5. In order to determine the optimal width of the plaster layer, move the cord along the length of the beacons. If he touches them behind the wall, then correct the beacons.
6. In the next step, mark the wall to install the remaining shirts. They should be located at a distance of a meter from each other. So it will be more convenient for you to work with a short rule.
7. We recommend using the rigid fixation method, this will make it easier to set the beacons along the cords. You need to screw in the screws in such a way that the caps are located at the level of the cord. Next, throw the solution on the wall. And the beacon must be installed higher than the screw, do not forget to control the vertical position. The level should always rest on the screw, this will help you set the profiles in one plane.

Now that all the complex manipulations have been completed, we will tell you how to plaster the walls with your own hands using this method.

We apply a plaster solution on the walls in those places that are between the profiles. This can be done using a construction trowel. The speed of the process depends on how quickly the plaster dries, depending on this, one or another area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall can be covered. If the wall is monolithic, you can cover a wider area, if it is porous, the work will go a little slower.

We are sure that initially you were interested in one question: how to learn to plaster walls, but today you learned a lot of new things, namely those nuances that arise in the process of work. There are a lot of them, but do not be afraid, using our instructions you can complete the whole process professionally.

Leveling the plaster with the help of the rule, lean it against the beacons, and, pressing a little, move vertically along the wall. Try not to press hard on the rule so as not to remove an even coating. The final leveling is done with a light grater. After the process is completed, remove the beacons from the wall and close the remaining holes from the beacons with a spatula to the level with the surface of the walls.

Earlier we talked about how to check the plaster walls. To understand that it is completely dry, press on it with your finger, if no dents form, then the plaster is completely dry. After carrying out all the work, it is better to leave the walls to dry for several days.

We hope we answered all your questions in detail, and if something remains unclear, watch the video in which this process is shown clearly.

How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video

One of the most important stages of the repair work is the plaster of the walls of the room. This article will discuss the main types of plaster, the rules for mixing solutions, as well as phased implementation procedures for leveling walls.

Choosing the Right Plaster Mortar

Modern manufacturers, today, present on the market a large number ready mixes with different characteristics and properties. All the differences between them are in the components used, which affect the solidification time of the finished solution, its strength, hardness and duration of operation. Apart from ready-made options, which can be purchased at any building supermarket, the solution can be kneaded independently, observing the proportions, and using its necessary constituent elements.

When choosing a mixture, it is important to consider what surface it will be applied to. Since for concrete, brick, foam concrete and wooden walls, different materials are used, characterized in terms of adhesion (adhesion to the surface).

Plaster has a wide range of varieties, among which experts distinguish the following types, their basis is:

• limestone;
• cement;
• clay.

Thanks to the technical parameters and physical properties, the most demanded is the cement mixture. Plastering walls with such a composition is considered a practical, reliable and not expensive option.

cement mortar

This type of finishing materials is divided into two main types:

• cement and sand. With its help, the walls are leveled, and the finishing of all surfaces, except for concrete ones, is carried out.
• cement and limestone - the most optimal for leveling the surface of brick, concrete, ceramics.

Having stopped your choice on this finishing material, it is important to determine the brand of the composition. It is with its help that the correct balance is determined between the binder and fillers, which can serve as sawdust, polystyrene, perlite, etc. It is these aggregates that are used in warm plaster, which contains cement. This material is a novelty on the market, but is already actively used at facilities, as thermal insulation material, with increased quality characteristics and service life.

The choice of brand depends on the peculiarity of the mixture, that is, the scope of its application ( external, internal work; premises with increased level humidity):

• M 50 - characterized by low strength of the working layer, minimal shrinkage. Most commonly used as a grouting material. Proportion (for cement M 400): 1 × 6.3, where the last value is sand.
• M 100 - available for interior finishing work. Proportion: 1×5.
• M 150 - used for external works, as well as in the decoration of premises, with high level humidity. Proportion: 1×3.

Consumption per 1 m2 of cement mortar is calculated quite simply. To do this, the thickness of the proposed layer is multiplied by the available wall area. It is important to take into account that minimum layer, which is applied, is 6 mm, it is determined by the depth of the beacon. In this case, the maximum amount directly depends on the curvature of the surface.

Preparing the wall for plastering

Plastering walls is a time-consuming process that requires compliance with the appropriate steps. One of them is preparatory work. They are carried out after laying all the necessary communications and engineering networks.

Stages of preparation:

1. Wall alignment. Initially, it is worth identifying all the depressions, as well as checking the vertical evenness of the surface. To eliminate irregularities, a mesh or wire (10 * 10 mm) can be used. To exclude the formation of corrosive processes on its surface, it should first be treated with cement milk. Minor errors, in the form of cracks and pits, are sealed with cement mortar, after which you need to wait 3 days until it dries completely.
2. Cleaning. Old plaster from the wall must be removed, because after applying a new mixture to it, after some time it will lag behind the base, and lead to deformation formations. Elimination is carried out with the help of a special construction tool, or with a spatula, a hammer. All pollution, in the form of dust, dirt, old painting should also be removed. After that, it is desirable to moisten the wall with water. Surfaces where oil stains are present should be deep cleaning, and the resulting depression is sealed with a mixture.
3. Primer - involves protecting the applied plaster from premature drying, that is, it does not allow the base to absorb moisture from the mixture.
4. Installation of beacons. The final result of plastering will depend on the accuracy and evenness of their installation.

Surface reinforcement

The plaster mesh is used in cases where the estimated layer of plaster exceeds 4 cm. The stainless steel mesh has cells from 1 * 1 cm, 4 * 4 cm. him an extra level of toughness.

Installation of beacons

Leveling the surface, the masters set themselves the task of achieving the maximum level of evenness. For this, plastering on lighthouses is the best suited. This work can be done by hand, but in this case it is necessary to listen to the recommendations of the masters.

Lighthouses represent metal slats, along the perimeter of which there is perforation. Their standard thickness is 6 and 10 mm, and the length is 2.5 or 3 meters. These items can be purchased at ready-made at any hardware store.

To mark the future location, a plumb line and a building level are used, which verify the observance of plane and evenness. The step width varies, and the distance between the elements directly depends on the length of the rule. It is important that its ends fit snugly against the surface. According to accepted international standards, the first and last beacon is installed at a distance of 20 cm from each corner.

How to fix the beacon? To do this, you need a special alabaster solution, which is characterized by a high solidification rate. It is applied pointwise, on a predetermined marking line, after which the product is firmly pressed to the base. In some situations, in order to achieve a higher level of adhesion, the products are additionally screwed with self-tapping screws.

After mounting each element, it is necessary to check their plane, and, if necessary, make appropriate adjustments. Thus, the ideal level of the plane is reached, for the future application of the mixture. In addition to vertically installed products, there are cases when craftsmen can make decisions about the need to install horizontal beacons. Basically, this happens when machine plastering is planned.

Applying plaster

An important issue remains how to plaster the walls correctly. Actually there are three main types of plastering the rough surface:

• simple - applying two layers. It is used in non-residential structures, which subsequently do not require additional processing (attics, basements, technical rooms).
• improved - designed for living rooms, involves the application of three layers, according to classical technology. The final result allows Finishing work for decorating with finishing materials.
• high quality - carried out under a predetermined finish. It involves the use of expensive materials that will be applied to the markers.

Alignment is carried out by throwing a solution between the beacons, using a trowel. The mixture is collected on its sharp end or edge, after which it is brought to the wall, and by a sharp wave it is placed on the wall.

As mentioned earlier, the application of plaster occurs in several layers. The base one is called a splash. To do this, apply kneading in liquid state, which spreads over the entire surface in a continuous layer. Its thickness does not exceed 5 mm. After the base has dried, it is covered with a second layer, which is considered to be a primer. Its consistency is thicker, and makes up the bulk of the entire thickness of the leveling.

After waiting for it to dry completely, you can start applying the coating. With its help, the maximum level of evenness is achieved. The thickness of the coating reaches a maximum of 2 mm, while cases are not excluded that in some places its application is not necessary.

In situations where markers have not been installed, the solution is named. For this, a falcon is needed, on which plaster is applied in batches. Then it at an angle, at a short distance, fills the entire space with a uniform layer.

Removing beacons

The need to eliminate lighthouses is mainly determined by prejudices about the formation of corrosive processes on the metal, and the manifestation of rust. In addition, some believe that not timely removal can lead to the formation of cracks. All these conjectures are unfounded. If there is an opportunity to eliminate this element, it can be eliminated, but if there is no such possibility, then it can remain, since modern products made of stainless steel, which is characterized by resistance to mechanical damage and moisture.

However, despite this, full confidence that finishing no deformations or spots will appear, no one gives, since the influence of various factors is not excluded:

• product quality. For repairs, it is advisable to purchase only certified products, the documents of which indicate what raw materials it is made of.
• the formation of rust on galvanized beacons is not excluded, since they have a thin protective layer that can be easily damaged during the rule or during the grouting process.
• increased levels of humidity.

Regarding the formation of cracks, experts are not inclined to believe that lighthouses are involved in their appearance. They can appear, both in the process of their elimination, and if, during the installation of wall furniture, the master fixes it at its location

If, however, the products were nevertheless withdrawn, the resulting space must be sealed with a gypsum mixture, it has a shorter solidification time. After that, you can proceed to the process of grouting seams and irregularities.

Complete drying time

The refurbishment team determined a rough relationship between drying time and layer thickness. On average, 1 mm layer takes 1 day to dry. If ideal conditions for drying are created in a room or building, then this proportion changes - 2: 1.

The selected material plays a significant role in the drying process. Often it is a cement-sand mixture diluted with water. It reaches ideal strength and drying after 28-30 days.

In order for this process to occur as quickly as possible, it is necessary to adhere to the following indicators:

• humidity level - does not exceed 70%;
• internal temperature - up to +20;
• lack of drafts;
• exclusion of ultraviolet radiation;
• frequent ventilation to eliminate excess moisture.

Carrying out trowel work

Grouting the wall after plastering is the finishing step. After its implementation, all the shortcomings are eliminated, and a perfectly smooth base is formed. The process can be carried out both after drying and when applying plaster.

This stage requires the accuracy and experience of the master, since it is no longer possible to rely on any marks, guides. All work must be carried out with properly selected lighting, because the result can only be assessed visually. The best grout lends itself to gypsum, due to the viscosity of the components. With cement, the situation is a little more complicated, as it can crumble. To neutralize this effect, they resort to the addition of special substances - plasticizers..

Special attention deserves the tools that carry out grouting. The best option is considered to be a metal grater. For substances that have not yet hardened, it is worth giving preference to products based on polyurethane. They are strong enough and can be used several times without damaging the plaster itself.

Before grinding, it is advisable to moisten the grater, after which you can perform horizontal and vertical movements aimed at eliminating and smoothing small particles, by distributing them evenly over the entire area. At the end of all processes, you can finally walk with a primer, which will serve as an excellent binder and form a protective film.

Particular attention should be paid to the corners. To avoid defects in the end, it is worth initially acquiring special corners. Failure to follow this advice can lead to the formation of defects that will be visible in further processing, especially painting.

Decorative grout

In addition to the smooth effect that is necessary for pasting wallpaper, painting, there are options with decorative plasters that have a characteristic pattern. In this case, it will not be possible to use a standard grater, since it can completely remove the formed structure and texture.

However, there is a way out of this situation, and it consists in the use of special devices, which include sandpaper, or trowel mesh. These options are an alternative to professional tools designed to hold interchangeable abrasive segments.

All work is carried out after complete solidification, thus minimizing the risk of damage to the pattern. Then, with a brush or brush, dust is removed from the recesses and grooves, and the entire area is treated with a primer.

If it becomes necessary to level the walls with plaster, the consumer is faced with huge selection various materials, which is why it can be difficult to figure out on your own how to plaster the walls in an apartment. Before deciding which plaster to choose for walls in any room, it is necessary to determine the future operating conditions of the surface, which will allow you to figure out which plaster for walls is better in each case.

Operating conditions. The material in question can be used for processing internal and external walls, in conditions of normal or high humidity. All types of finishing solutions are suitable for interior work in dry rooms.

To plaster external surfaces made of brick or concrete (facade elements, balconies), a cement-sand mixture is required, and cement-lime mixtures are suitable for working with surfaces exposed to high humidity.

The addition of fiber to cement-sand mortars makes it possible to give higher strength characteristics when working with external walls.

Temperature regime. In rooms not intended for year-round use, for example, in country houses Do not use plasters based on gypsum. With temperature fluctuations, plaster from this material will collapse. In this case, only cement mixtures can be used.

Sand characteristics. To prepare surfaces for various types of subsequent finishing, sand of various fractions is used. So, to prepare the wall for painting, you should use the average size of the fractions, for the final plaster - small, for leveling the walls for pasting or installing tiles - large.

Finisher skills. Not every master can correctly apply the mortar to the surface and level it with high quality, therefore, before starting work, you should make sure that the invited finishers know how to work with a specific type of plaster mortar. It is difficult to do this work on your own, without training and practice.

Solution application method. In addition to manually applying the mixture to the surface, there is the possibility machining walls with the help of special devices.

Price. The use of expensive and cheap materials, subject to the technology of work, gives almost the same result, but there is a difference in the speed of surface treatment and the timing of the full curing of the mortar. So, polymer compositions, although they are much more expensive than the usual cement or lime mixtures, gain strength faster, which allows you to start the next work earlier.

Types of plaster by composition

For the preparation of various surfaces three main types of plaster are used for interior decoration and outdoor work:

cement mortars. Universal material suitable for almost any surface. To positive qualities solutions with a predominance of cement include:

• the ability to withstand sudden temperature fluctuations without changing the strength characteristics;
• the possibility of processing the applied material for several hours;
• surfaces plastered with cement mixtures are frost-resistant, do not let moisture and steam through;
• affordable price;
• plastered surfaces can retain their properties and strength for at least 30 years.

The disadvantages of cement-based plasters include a long (28 days) period of curing and the need for high qualifications from the performer. Before wallpapering, the plastered surface will have to be puttied and a primer applied.

Gypsum solutions. This material allows you to prepare the surface for pasting with rolled materials.

Advantages:

• the drying time of the mixture is 2-3 hours;
• the solution is plastic and convenient for quick work;
• the final set of strength occurs within 10 days;
• the plastered surface is ready for finishing work.

Flaws:

• gypsum is afraid of moisture, so this material is destroyed in humid environments.

polymer solutions. This material is designed to eliminate minor imperfections on concrete and brick surfaces, and is also suitable for working with drywall.

Advantages:

• mixtures have antiseptic properties;
• not afraid of moisture;
• can be used for processing external and internal surfaces;
• are waterproofing material;
• can serve as finishing material.

Flaws:

• for getting quality coverage, this material is applied to an already prepared and leveled surface.

The choice of plaster according to the material of the walls

When the customer decides to level the walls with plaster, it is necessary to decide what is the best way to plaster the walls in the house inside, what kind plaster mixture apply in the bathroom and toilet, in the kitchen or in living rooms. The type of mixture depends on the material of the surface, which is decided to be plastered.

How can you plaster the walls in the bathroom and toilet? It should be remembered that for rooms with high humidity, solutions based on cement and lime are used, and lime in this mixture should be twice as much as cement.

Before plastering wooden walls inside the house, for example, from a bar, it is necessary to strengthen a metal mesh on the surface, which will serve as a frame for plastering and allow adhesion to be observed, since in the normal state the solution does not have adhesion to wood.

If the surface has significant vertical swings, it is recommended to eliminate uneven places with the help of shingles or the installation of special beacons of a removable type. In dachas and country houses that are not intended for permanent residence, the best option for preparing walls is plaster, since drywall collapses under conditions of temperature and humidity changes.

For alignment wooden bases use mixtures with a predominance of cement and gypsum, it is possible to use clay mortars with high content plasticizers and fiber additions.

How to plaster the walls inside the house if the masonry is made of gas blocks or gas silicate blocks, which are fixed with special glue? In this case, you have to fix plaster mesh on the surface, and the plastering of aerated concrete should be carried out with cement and gypsum mortars.

To figure out how to plaster walls from foam blocks inside the house, you need to remember that the usual rough finish cement mortars in this case will not work due to the complete lack of adhesion. A good option for leveling foam concrete and foam block walls, mixtures with a predominance of gypsum. To work with foam concrete surfaces, lightweight mixes of Pobedit or Glims Velur gypsum are recommended.

For alignment brick or concrete walls, cement-based mixtures are best suited, which will ensure reliable adhesion of the mortar to obtain an ideal surface for painting, wallpapering or tiling.

Popular manufacturers and prices

When choosing suitable materials to align the walls, you should pay attention to already established manufacturers. The most popular brands are:

• "Ceresit ST 29" for concrete and brick surfaces. Base: cement-sand mixture with mineral additives. The cost for a package of 25 kg is from 450 rubles;
• "Volma Canvas" for concrete, foam concrete and brick surfaces, walls of their aerated concrete. Base: gypsum. The cost for a package of 30 kg from 350 rubles;
• "Prospectors" for rooms with high humidity and concrete or brick surfaces. Base: cement-sand mixture with mineral additives. The cost of packaging in 50 kg from 400 rubles;
• "Knauf Rotband" for concrete and brick surfaces. Base: gypsum. The cost for a package of 30 kg from 390 rubles;
• "Caparol Capatect" for brick surfaces, walls made of porous concrete and expanded clay. Basis: mineral materials. The cost for a package of 25 kg is from 700 rubles.

Popular brands of plaster solutions also include the following brands: Osnovit, Unis, Betonit, Glims, Mapei.

What to choose for a novice repairman

An inexperienced plasterer, when choosing a suitable mixture, should first of all pay attention to the material of the surface to be processed:

• For brick and concrete exterior and internal walls best suited cement mortar. It is optimal as a basis for further tiling and wallpapering, but in this case you will have to apply a layer of putty;
• If you have to process walls made of foam concrete, gypsum mortars are used;
• For wooden surfaces, preparation in the form of shingles or metal mesh, and for plastering use cement or gypsum compositions.

For interior work in a city apartment optimal solution for concrete walls there will be gypsum-based materials that provide high-quality surface preparation for pasting.

Plastering walls is one of the stages of repairing premises. Application of the mixture may be necessary in a new building with bare load-bearing structures or in old houses with uneven or dilapidated walls.

For non-professionals, the question often arises, which mixture to choose and how to apply it correctly, for this you need to know the features of the materials different types and their scope. If a beginner takes up the work, then you should start from the basics, with what plaster is, what compositions are there, whether you can apply them yourself or entrust the work to professionals.

When choosing a material, it is necessary to take into account a number of features: the properties of the mixture itself, the characteristics of the base, the method of application. The combination of these factors depends appearance, service life and alignment quality.

Plastering walls poses a big task - to level the irregularities of the base wall by applying concrete or gypsum mixture. And sometimes give the surface decorative look. Depending on the composition and size of the drops, different ways.

The main principle of choosing plaster is its purpose. It is necessary to consider where the work will take place: indoors or on the facade. What properties should the mixture have, and what is the base for finishing made of.

All plasters are divided into three large groups:

1. simple (for leveling the surface);
2. special (compositions with additives to improve individual characteristics);
3. decorative (finishing coatings that do not require additional processing).

The internal plaster of the walls of the house requires that the composition be safe and perfectly smoothed. For outdoor work, a mixture is required that is resistant to adverse environmental factors.

Cement

Dry mix of cement and sand. The ratio of components in the composition is on average 1 to 2-5, respectively. Before application, mix with water to the consistency of thick sour cream.

Cement plasters are used for interior and exterior. To improve plasticity and adhesion, plasticizers and PVA glue are added to the composition. When working in rooms with high humidity and outdoors, slaked lime is added to the solution.

Apply 3-5 layers. The maximum thickness of one is no more than 20 mm, optimally 10 mm. The total thickness of the coating can reach 100 mm, but reinforcement will be required.

The task of this composition is to even out irregularities for further finishing. Suitable for brick, concrete and wood substrates. Before applying, we prime the surface, then we plaster the walls in three stages (spray, primer, coating).

Apply by hand and by machine, leveled with spatulas and the rule.

Gypsum

The mixture is based on gypsum powder, fine-grained filler and polymer additives. It does not tolerate moisture and temperature changes, therefore it is used only for interior work. It is sold as a dry mix for preparing a solution with water.

The maximum layer thickness without reinforcement is 5 cm. Can be applied on any substrate. Suitable for creating a smooth surface for painting or wallpaper. It dries in just a few hours, the ready-made solution must be used within 40 minutes.

wall plaster technology plaster composition different from cement. The mixture is applied in one layer, leveled with a rule, small irregularities are corrected with a spatula.

decorative

Mixes decorative plaster perform two functions at once: hide minor defects and give an aesthetic appearance. Additional finishing is not needed. Pigments and insoluble granules of stone, sand, and plastic are added to such compositions.

Depending on which mixture and wall plastering technique is chosen, a different pattern, relief, pattern or texture is obtained.

Produced on acrylic, silicone, silicate and mineral base. If you follow all the rules of wall plastering, it adheres well to any bases. There are compounds for outdoor and indoor use.

Silicone

Silicone-based compositions are used for external and internal wall plastering. The mixture remains flexible even after drying, thanks to which the surface is not afraid of sudden temperature changes and mechanical damage. It tolerates moisture well, therefore it is applicable in the decoration of the bathroom and kitchen.

The finished surface can have a “bark beetle”, “lamb” relief or imitate marble (Venetian). It all depends on how to plaster the walls, what tools to use and what size and shape of solid particles are in the composition.

Sgraffito

Sgraffito is not a separate type of plaster, but a method of applying it. Using this technique, you can create carved color drawings. As a result, the plastered walls look like real paintings.

To create a beautiful effect, pigments are added to compositions on a different basis and plaster is applied in several layers that differ in shade. Further, patterns, ornament, figures are cut out on the dried finish.

Decorating walls with sgraffito plaster requires skills and experience. A person who knows how to draw and work with a mixture will cope with such a task.

Venetian

These mixtures imitate a smooth or embossed marble surface. Composed of a polymer binder or lime, pigments and mineral dust. Since it is necessary to apply plaster in 5-6 layers, the work takes a lot of time. To get a marble pattern, the mixture is applied unevenly, gradually creating overflows of shades.

Depending on how the plaster is applied to the wall, the intensity and depth of color, contrasts and texture of natural stone vary.

Textured

Textured plaster creates an imitation of stone, wood and leather. It can contain any binder and solid fillers of various fractions and shapes. The larger they are, the more pronounced and embossed the pattern will turn out.

This plaster is used for interior and exterior wall decoration. For the former, the fillers are thinner, so the texture is elegant, for the latter, they are large, creating a rough relief.

The better to plaster walls

Which plaster is better for leveling walls depends on a number of factors: the size of the differences in the base surface, resistance to moisture, type finish coat, operating conditions.

Important! The plastering of the walls in the apartment requires environmental safety from the mixture, therefore it is forbidden to use the composition for outdoor work indoors.

Applying plaster on the wall can be done with different tools: wide and narrow spatulas, a special machine. For decorative compositions use rollers with embossed nozzles, a trowel, an applicator, brushes.

Ways to level walls

What kind of plaster is better to choose for leveling the walls is already clear, it remains to determine the method of its application to the surface.

Plaster can be applied to walls in two main ways: without beacons (by eye) and along beacons. The first method involves applying and leveling the mixture with spatulas, a rule or a trowel, suitable if the surface has minor differences up to 2-3 cm. The second method is more reliable and accurate. For him, a plane of metal profiles is pre-set on the walls.

You can determine the size of the differences using a plumb line or building level, and then choose which wall plastering technology is more suitable.

Plastering of the interior walls of an apartment is often performed without lighthouses, since the differences are usually insignificant. In industrial buildings with high ceilings it is better to use beacons.

Necessary tools and materials

To plaster the walls you will need a large set of tools and materials:

• Hatchet or hammer with a pick (for removing old coating or protruding parts);
• Brush (for applying a primer);
• Priming composition suitable for the type of base;
• Plumb or building level (to control the plane during operation);
• Square (for deriving corners);
• Large capacity (for mixing the solution);
• Construction mixer;
• Plaster spatula and trowel (for adding mortar to areas where it is not enough);
• Wide and narrow spatulas;
• guide beacons;
• Rule and trowel (to level the layer);
• Plaster corners (for reinforcing outer corners).

In order for the plastering of the walls with your own hands to be of high quality, it is necessary to study the technology of applying the mixture. If you are a beginner and not confident in your abilities, it is better to entrust the work to professionals than to re-plaster the walls. They have all the materials for wall plastering in stock, and they know exactly what is best for plastering walls.

Preparatory stage

Preparatory work consists in surface treatment before applying the first plaster layer. The nature of the work is determined by the type of foundation:

1. Brick surface preparation. For better adhesion, you need to fix the reinforcing mesh or make recesses in the mortar between the bricks. This is followed by cleaning from dust and debris and a primer.
2. Preparation of concrete walls. If the material is not very dense, shallow cuts are made with an ax, then treated with concrete contact.
3. Surfaces of foam blocks are coated with a deep penetration primer.
4. Preparation of wooden walls for plaster. It is necessary to fill the diagonal slats in 5 cm increments so that the solution is better kept on the surface.

On the surface of the walls there should be no large protrusions, lagging old coating, metal elements, dust and debris. After the base has been prepared and the primer has dried, you can begin the process of applying the plaster.

Application technology

Plastering walls begins with the preparation of the solution. To do this, the dry mixture is diluted with water in the proportions recommended by the manufacturer. Concrete and brick walls are moistened with water so that the plaster sets longer and does not lag behind the surface.

Technology plastering works includes three stages. This is the sequential application of three layers of a mixture of different density and thickness.

Instructions for plastering walls with your own hands:

1. Spray. This layer is the most liquid in consistency. It is thrown onto the surface with a trowel with little effort. Then lightly level with a falcon. The thickness of the plaster layer is 5-10 mm.
2. Priming. When the first layer has set but not yet dry, apply the second layer. It is thicker and thinner. It is placed on a falcon and applied to the wall, then leveled with a wide spatula, with sweeping movements. One portion of the plaster should be enough for about 1 sq.m. area.
3. Nakryvka. Layer thickness 2 mm. The solution should be thick. It is superimposed on the seized soil. His task is to even out all the small irregularities. The mixture is no longer thrown, but smeared with a spatula, pressing a sharp edge to the surface. It is applied with movements from the bottom up. You can move in an arc. After the mixture has set, the surface is rubbed with a trowel.

Other methods of applying plaster are also practiced. For example, in one layer, without spraying. This method is suitable for those who do not have professional skills, since only a person with experience can properly plaster walls.

Grouting plaster

The last stage of plastering is grouting. Its task is to bring the surface to perfect smoothness. Surface grouting should be started when last layer plaster will harden. The work is carried out in stages using different tools:

1. Grouting with a trowel with a wooden surface of the seized layer of the coating. It is necessary to smooth out the traces of the spatula and tubercles. It is performed without pressure in a circular motion.
2. Smoothing with a grater with felt in sharp, straight movements.
3. Smoothing with a float with a rubber or metal strip. These tools prepare the surface for painting. Move first vertically, then horizontally.

After grouting, the wall is cleaned of dust and coated with a primer. You can proceed to further finishing when the surface dries well.

What is plaster on lighthouses

The process of leveling walls with lighthouses begins with the installation of profiles that will set the desired level.

Installation of beacons is carried out as follows:

• They are screwed into the wall near the ceiling and floor along a self-tapping screw, their position is leveled with a plumb line. Their hats should be in the same plane.
• Measure the distance between the screws, subtract 5 cm and cut off a profile fragment equal to the value obtained.
• Draw a line between the screws with a pencil.
• Throw the tubercles onto the line in 3-4 places with a plaster solution, press the profile into them so that its plane converges with the caps of the screws. Remove fasteners.
• Repeat the procedure at a distance of no more than 1 meter from the first beacon. Thus, a plane is created along all the walls of the room.

This completes the installation of the beacons, and you can begin to apply the first layer of the mixture. After the plaster has been applied completely, the beacons are removed and the areas where they were located are leveled.

Do-it-yourself wall plastering

Do-it-yourself plastering can be done if the differences are not very large and the layer of the mixture does not exceed 2-5 cm. It is worth applying only mixtures for rough leveling and easy-to-use decorative ones. For example, to decorate a wall Venetian plaster with their own hands without experience - too reckless. Difficult formulations are best left to professionals.

Some compositions can be prepared independently. cement plaster consists only of cement and sand, knowing the desired ratio of components, you can prepare a mixture.

How to make plaster:

• Pour cement of a grade not lower than M200 and 3-4 times more sand into a large container or concrete mixer (depending on what fat content of the composition is needed) and mix dry;
• Pour water in small portions until the desired consistency is obtained, periodically mixing the composition;
• To improve plasticity, you can add a little detergent(at the rate of 30-50 ml per 5 liters of water).

The finished mixture must be used within an hour. Since plastering with your own hands can be delayed, it is not worth preparing a lot of mortar at once.

If we plaster ourselves, then we need to take care of protecting the skin from the composition, as well as cover the furniture and the floor in the room where the work takes place.

Since plastering walls with your own hands is not at all easy without experience, you can preview the video of how the masters do it.

You can save a lot on plastering walls in an apartment only if you prepare the solution yourself and apply it yourself.

You can cut costs a little more by saving material:

• Dilute the composition with water in small portions in order to accurately have time to use it;
• Carefully monitor the differences in the wall, perhaps in some places it is enough to cut off the bumps and the consumption of the mixture will be reduced;
• Apply only two coats without covering, but this is acceptable if the differences do not exceed 1-2 cm.

Plastered walls improve the heat and sound insulation of the room, acquire a flat and smooth plane, ready for further finishing with thin coatings - wallpaper and paint. Some types of compositions also have decorative functions. You can apply the mixture in different ways, but it is important to do everything right, otherwise the coating will not last a long time.