How to lay sewerage in a private house. External sewerage - laying scheme and depth, pipeline insulation. Deep cleaning station

Reading time ≈ 13 minutes

Thanks to modern technologies in a private house it is quite possible to equip efficient sewerage with my own hands, knowing general principles devices, scheme, laying depth and other nuances. Primitive toilets are quickly becoming a thing of the past and are being replaced by modern diversion systems. Wastewater. They do not emit an unpleasant odor, effectively cope with the removal of waste and provide high level comfort for residents. In our material, we will tell you how to make a sewer for your home on your own, what to consider when designing, how to install it.

Sewerage in a private house.

General principles of sewerage

Definitely, the easiest option is when the house can be connected to the city sewer, but not all private plots have such an opportunity. Therefore, you have to think about your own autonomous wastewater disposal system. Usually, the internal communications device in the first and second cases is the same, but external device varies.

The internal system consists of plumbing fixtures, small diameter pipes attached to them, which in turn are connected to wider pipes and go to the riser. Through it, sewage enters a horizontal wide pipe and is discharged outside. The boundary element of the internal and external sewerage is the point of outlet of effluents to the outside. Further, through wide pipes, water enters the treatment plant or central sewerage.

The internal network of pipes and external communications form one single system.

When designing a sewage disposal system, it is worth considering a number of nuances and rules:

In general, the arrangement of the sewage system for country house can be divided into the following works:

• internal - laying communications in all wet rooms (lavatory, kitchen, bathroom), installation of a riser and a fan pipe;
• external - installation of an autonomous treatment plant (we will consider the types of installations below) and the supply of pipes in it.

Communications inside the house

Ideally, it is necessary to think over the device of the drain system even at the design stage of the dwelling, placing all wet rooms close to each other, because a number of difficulties can arise with the finished building. The location of internal communications in the house can be absolutely anything and is selected individually for each building. In the photo below, we have given an example of piping inside the building.

Sewerage system in a private house.

Waste system design

First of all, it is worth drawing up exactly the scheme of the future sewerage. A detailed drawing will allow you to see the work plan, make a list of necessary materials, and calculate the cost. To draw up a plan, arm yourself with a ruler or tape measure, a pencil and a sheet of graph paper.

Instructions for drawing up a sewage disposal project:

1. Draw the plan of the house to scale.
2. Indicate where the riser will be installed and the outlet of the sewer to the outside - this is what you need to build on when compiling the rest of the pipe layout.
3. In each wet room, designate the planned plumbing fixtures (washbasins, taps, toilets, showers), and also indicate the connection method.
4. Draw the course of the pipeline from plumbing fixtures to the riser, indicating the connecting elements.
5. Make up detailed plan for each residential level of the building.
6. Calculate the length of all communications inside the house up to the point of outputs to the outside.

Pipe selection

One of key elements system is pipeline. The characteristics of pipes for operation inside and outside the house are different.

For each type of plumbing, the required pipe width is selected, which is presented in more detail in the table:

Pipe width for each plumbing fixture.

The central riser pipe can be narrow (about 50 mm) for a one-story building without a toilet. Otherwise (if a toilet is connected and the house has two or more floors), you need a wide riser up to 10-11 cm.

With the pipe diameter indicated in the table, the following distances to the riser should be observed:

• from the toilet a maximum of 1 m;
• from other devices a maximum of 3 m.

If the length to the riser is longer, it is necessary to choose pipes of a larger diameter.

Today, pipes are traditionally made from polypropylene (PP pipes) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC pipes). Let's take a closer look at their characteristics:

Characteristics of materials for the manufacture of sewer pipes.

Also worth mentioning cast iron pipes- durable, reliable, strong. But they are distinguished by a high price, they can rust from the inside, leading to clogging, and heavy. In addition, the installation process is quite complicated. Today, pipes made of this material are practically not used, since pipes made of PP or PVC are not inferior in their characteristics.

Pipes for external and internal sewerage.

Riser and fan pipe

The riser is the main element of the waste disposal system, through which all sewage is directed outside.

The main nuances in the device of the riser:

In the upper part, passing into the fan pipe, the riser provides sewer ventilation, provides required pressure in the system, prevents the occurrence of unpleasant odors. In small one-story buildings, where there is no risk of a large one-time drain (from the bath, toilet and sink), the fan pipe can not be equipped.

Important! The distance between the fan pipe and balconies / windows should be at least 4 m, with an elevation above the roof of at least 0.7 m. Also keep in mind that the ventilation of the house, the fan pipe, the chimney should be located at different heights.

Fan pipe in the sewerage system.

You can mount the riser in an open or closed way. At the bottom, it goes into a horizontal wide pipe - a collector that goes out.

Laying and connecting pipes

After choosing the pipes, the most time-consuming, but extremely important stage begins - the laying and wiring of the pipeline. For the installation of sewers, it is better to hire experienced specialists, and if you have the knowledge and skills, take someone as your assistant to speed up the process.

Highlights of pipe installation:

Also, when laying an intra-house pipeline, it is important to know where the installation of sewer networks is prohibited:

• in any living rooms;
• in the kitchen;
• in the walls between rooms and the floor;
• under the ceiling.

Video: installation of domestic sewage.

Removal of the sewer

As we indicated earlier, even at the stage of designing a house, it is worth determining the place of the riser and the outlet of the sewer, since already at the stage of laying the foundation it will be necessary to make the appropriate holes. If at the stage of laying the foundation a hole for the sewer was not made, it must be done in an already finished structure.

The sewer outlet is actually its border area, connecting internal communications and outer pipe leading to the purification plant. The conclusion is settled in the foundation. If thermal insulation of pipes is not provided, then the withdrawal depth should be lower than the GIP indicator. A sleeve is also required at the junction. When installing external communications, it is still necessary to observe a slope of 2 cm per 1 m.

Removal of the sewer outside.

External communications

Now you can move on to the arrangement of external communications. They consist of a pipeline and a cleaning system directly - a septic tank or a deep cleaning station. There is also a third possible variant- arrangement of the usual cesspool, but we will not consider it, since it is ineffective for a private house, outdated and unhygienic.

The choice of treatment plant depends on many factors:

• financial opportunities;
• area of ​​the territory;
• volume of waste water.

The location of treatment facilities is strictly regulated and depends on the location of a residential building, neighboring houses, and a source of drinking water. So, the minimum distance to the house is:

• 3 m for a deep biological treatment station;
• 5 m for a septic tank with soil filtration;
• 12 m for drop wells;
• 15 m for a cesspool.

Distance of various cleaning devices from home.

When calculating the required volume of a treatment plant, the following formula should be used: the number of people multiplied by the average daily amount of water used, multiplied by three (which means three days of settling). For example, for a family of 6 people, the volume is as follows: 200 * 6 * 3 \u003d 3600, that is, 3.6 cubic meters.

septic tank

Septic tanks are a purification plant operating on the principles of settling, as well as biological, soil post-treatment. There are many classifications of septic tanks. So, according to the principle of operation, they can be accumulative, with soil cleaning or deep bio-cleaning. Can be made from different materials(, plastic, metal, brick).

Schematic arrangement of a septic tank.

Accumulative septic tanks are suitable only for summer cottages, but for private houses where people live permanently and use more quantity water, they will be ineffective.

Soil filtration septic tanks are the best option for a country or private house. In such models, the waste is not only settled, but is purified with the help of special microorganisms. As a result, you need to clean the device with a vacuum cleaner every few years.

Soil filtration septic tanks should not be installed in areas with clay soil, as well as in places of close occurrence of groundwater, since the filtration process will be impossible.

Deep cleaning station

These are highly functional, modern, but expensive treatment facilities. Suitable for installation on any soil, they purify up to 98% of wastewater, and filtered water can be discharged in any way: into the ground, onto the relief or by gravity.

The device of the deep cleaning station.

External pipe laying

Ideally, the pipeline from the output from the house to the septic tank should not have any turns. But if you cannot do without it, you need to carry it out according to the same principles as for internal communication. In addition, wells should be made at the corners to facilitate the cleaning process.

If you are installing a sewer in a private house with your own hands according to the indicated scheme, it is extremely important to observe the laying depth. When calculating it, the main indicator is the depth of soil freezing (GGD). This figure is different for each region. General rule is: than colder winter, the greater the pipe laying depth should be.

Pipe laying depth.

The minimum laying depth is 0.7-0.8 m. If the pipeline runs in the places of paths, platforms (that is, places that are usually cleared of snow cover in winter), the laying depth must be increased.

In addition to the GIP indicator, when calculating the depth of the pipes, the following should be taken into account:

• the depth of the entrance to the septic tank (usually 1.5 m).
• pipe material and its strength;
• load on the soil and pipes from transport.

If the communications will be shallow, and be sure to insulate. The same applies to autonomous sewer systems in places with very cold winters.

Warming of communications.

Step-by-step process for laying an outdoor pipeline:

1. Trenches are pulled out from the outlet of the sewer from the house to the location of the septic tank. The width of the trenches is 60 cm.
2. Fitted to the bottom sand cushion 5 cm layer and compacted.
3. Everything is being prepared necessary elements: pipes, fittings. Starting from the sewer outlet, pipes are laid. Be sure to follow the slope.
4. Silicone sealant is used to connect the pipes.
5. If necessary, the pipes are insulated with a special heat-insulating material. Additionally, you can use a heating electric cord.
6. After joining the septic tank, the trenches are buried first with a layer of sand (15 cm above the pipe level), and then with soil.

Definitely, the construction of an autonomous sewage system with your own hands in a private house is a complex and labor-intensive process, because it is worth drawing up a diagram, determining the laying depth, and doing all the work correctly. It is possible that you will need to resort to the advice or help of experienced professionals. However, the result of the work done is definitely worth it!

Video: How to lay sewer pipes(slope of the sewer).

Comfortable living in a private house provides mandatory installation communication systems, the main of which is sewerage. Since it provides a constant drainage of water, its device requires special attention.

When laying pipes, it is important to take into account the standards of burial and adhere to certain technologies aimed at reducing the risk of contamination. environment drains.

System device

Sewerage in a private house is complex system, consisting of internal, external circuits and a septic tank. In order for all devices to work smoothly and smoothly during operation, their installation requires proper design. Inside the building sewer pipeline, the details of which are connected into one common channel using fittings. He is taken outside and equipped check valve, which protects the system from rising water levels when external containers are overfilled with liquid. At the same time, pipes can be installed not only inside the house, but also in other outbuildings located on the territory of the land plot.

As for the external part of the communications, it looks like a cesspool or a station with biological treatment. The outer part is characterized by a different principle of operation and may consist of additional devices, as it will depend on the size and complexity of laying common system. If its performance allows, then also lay storm sewer, which has a separate drain.

internal circuit

Design and installation of internal sewerage in a country house provides accurate calculations, since the slightest mistake can lead to problems in operation, and the installation work will have to be carried out in a new way. The internal communication scheme consists of a set of pipes, plastic risers and fasteners, their main task is the removal of used water from plumbing and other devices. The main element of this system is considered to be a vertical riser, which accumulates water from all horizontal wiring. Often in large buildings two risers are installed, this allows you to conveniently plan rooms and simplifies installation work in general.

Compared to a centralized city, the system in a private house is much more complicated. This is due to the fact that she needs to qualitatively serve not only a residential building, but also summer kitchen, barbecue, sauna and shower, because everything additional outbuildings are in need of improvement. At the same time, pipes can be placed both inside and on top of walls, as well as in the floor. Many home owners try to hide communications in the walls, but this is a very laborious process, in addition, all connections must be open.

top the riser, as a rule, is brought out 50 cm above the roof of the house and equipped with a special valve or cover, this is necessary in order to avoid the breakdown of the water seal. In many schemes, a vent ring is also often provided, when a horizontal pipeline is connected to a riser slightly above the drain point. The riser is taken out of the building outside into the well through the space under the floor or basement. Between plumbing equipment and fittings, siphons must be placed to protect the premises from penetration unpleasant odors.

In the event that the layout internal circuits is performed independently by the owner of the house, and not by a specialized company, then it is necessary to properly plan the placement of piping, bathrooms and kitchens.

If plumbing is planned to be installed on several floors, then the schemes are made floor by floor, noting in the drawings the placement of all equipment and risers.

outer part

The outer part of the sewer is a scheme consisting of pipelines transporting effluents to a disposal site, waste collection tanks and a sump (cesspool). Its design is carried out taking into account the current regulations and standards, since a properly equipped sewerage system is considered the key to comfortable and reliable living conditions in the house. Any inaccuracy in the layout of the external part of the sewer can lead to various problems, including, among other things, the formation of blockages, in which dirty drains and waste can enter places located near sources of drinking water. To prevent this, the outer pipes complement drainage system and make accurate calculations of the cesspool: it should be located below the laying of pipelines. In the case when the delivery of wastewater is carried out using pumps, the circuit is provided with an appropriate pressure.

The main part of the external sewage system is the sump, to which all sewage is supplied through pipes., accumulate and eventually seep into the soil or are easily disposed of. After filling the pit with heavy fractions, it is necessary to clean it using special sewage equipment.

Depth

The process of installing sewerage in a country house is simple, but it is best to trust it to specialists. If the work is carried out independently by the owners, then it is necessary to carefully consider the arrangement of the system and select a high-quality basis for collecting wastewater: most often a septic tank is used for this. In addition, the depth of the well and trench should be correctly calculated, it should be minimal. During installation drain pit near the house, it is recommended to keep a distance of 5 meters, and the septic tank needs to be deepened into the ground by 1.5 m. Thanks to these parameters, it is possible to protect the septic tank from negative impact groundwater and avoid damage.

To know at what depth to lay communications, it is necessary to determine the level of location of the building. When laying the pipeline from the building to the septic tank, it is desirable to make the system absolutely straight, avoiding bends and turns. Pipes are best laid at a depth that is slightly above the freezing point of the soil. At the same time, one should not forget that under the sites or roads where the pipeline is located, they may freeze in winter, as the snow will be cleared. In such situations, the depth is increased.

Norms according to SNiP

Installation of external sewerage is carried out in accordance with the norms of SNiP, which stipulate the maximum and minimum allowable depth indicators, but they may vary depending on the characteristics of the system and pipe laying methods. For structural elements that are used to drain dirty drains, a recess of 30 cm from the surface of the earth is allowed, their cross section is chosen no more than 50 cm. Pipes with a diameter of more than 500 mm must be laid to a depth of at least 50 cm.

In addition, it is worth remembering that sewer waste at the outlet, even in winter time have high temperature, which on average can reach +18C. Therefore, they never freeze when passing to the collector. Applying given property, you can reduce the depth of the pipeline, but this is most often done when the distance between the outlet of the system from the building and the collector is small. It is also worth noting that the minimum laying of sewerage according to SNiP standards also depends on the type of loads that affect the soil surface in the areas of the system arrangement. If they are high, then the pipes must be closed.

Factors to choose

The choice of trench depth is important for many reasons. For example, if pipes are laid at the ground freezing level, then liquid waste can cool down, as a result of which a congestion will appear, and the sewage system will not be used until the weather warms up. Clogging can also be avoided by setting the minimum number of connections. In cases where it is impossible to do without turns during the installation of the pipeline, a well is installed at the junction points. Access to it should be free.

To calculate the optimal laying depth of external communications, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the pipes, the material from which they are made, and the angle of inclination of 0.03 m for each running meter systems. A huge role is also played by the exit point of the sewer from the house and the location of the cesspool.

Spontaneous transportation of wastewater will depend on the angle of inclination, if it is incorrectly determined, then clogging is possible during the operation of the communication.

Reduction Options

In some cases, it is possible to reduce the depth of the outer pipes. Most often this is available if the system is connected pumping stations, they provide quick cleaning of the channels and thereby clean the pipes, whether they are cast iron or steel, from freezing. Such systems are considered not gravity, but semi-pressure. Deepening is also reduced when the pipes used are made of durable material and have thick walls. It is also possible to lower the depth level by insulating the route, for this a piece of land is covered with a special bedding, and decorative mounds or flower beds are placed on top.

Materials and tools

Since the main part of the internal system is considered to be a common riser, which is used to drain all drains into a septic tank, its choice must be taken responsibly. You can not save on material by purchasing cheap and low-quality goods.

In addition to the riser, the following elements will also be required for arranging the sewerage system:

• sewer pipe with a diameter of 30, 50, 75 and 100 mm;
• bends corresponding to the dimensions of the pipes;
• tees;
• adapters and reducers;
• plugs;
• details for fastening;
• synthetic sealant.

When purchasing pipes, it is necessary to take into account that for the riser they must be chosen with the most large diameter, this also applies to the removal of waste from the toilet.

As far as tools are concerned, before installation work need to prepare them minimum set, consisting of:

• level;
• perforator;
• hacksaws;
• grinders;
• hammer;
• screwdrivers;
• sealant gun.

Stages of work

In a private house, the installation of sewerage should begin with the preparation graphic schemes internal and external systems. If you plan to do the work yourself, then first of all you need to determine the length of the pipeline and its slope angle, then calculate right amount adapters, connecting elements and seals. At this stage, it is important to know how the sewer will function, and whether it will be necessary to additional installation pumping equipment or laying auxiliary channels.

Internal plumbing work are carried out as follows:

• first, risers are installed, and their ends lead to the basement or to the roof;
• the next step is to bring the toilet to the risers;
• further being prepared horizontal wiring and connects to the system;
• upon completion, siphons are attached to the plumbing.

Any private house should have its own sewer distribution inside the building and a dirty sewage disposal system that directs flows into a centralized sewer pipe or into an autonomous septic tank. Do-it-yourself sewerage is being installed in a private house, and many schemes have been developed for its implementation, so your task is to choose correct device do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house, purchase building materials and prepare a tool. Correct calculations of the sewer line will help minimize the cost of building materials, make the sewer more efficient and durable. And how to mount the sewer correctly, read on.

Where to place the sewer in the yard

Sewerage for a private house is being installed according to established standards and regulations, internal sewerage should be operated for a long time, without overhauls and frequent preventive maintenance. In the house, the internal sewerage is designed to combine pipes and plumbing equipment- baths, showers, sinks, as well as for the removal of sewage, which inevitably appear in everyday life.

Even self-assembly sewerage in a private house must adhere to the norms of SNiP and be carried out according to the plan drawn up before assembling the main line and its components. But the main part of the sewer autonomous system- the device of a sewer septic tank or a cesspool into which sewage will fall.

The main standards for arranging a homemade cesspool in the yard:

1. The distance to the residential building is ≥ 5-12 m. But with an increase in this parameter, it will be more difficult to observe the slope angle of the sewer line.
2. The distance from the outbuildings to the sump is ≥ 1 m.
3. Distance from the fence of the neighboring area ≥ 2-4 m.
4. Distance from green spaces ≥ 3-4 m.
5. From sources of drinking water, a cesspool or septic tank should be equipped 30 meters or more.
6. The depth of the sump depends not only on the volume of waste sewage water, but also on the depth of flow ground water. In this case, the pit should not, according to SNiP, be deeper than 3 m.

The depth of storage of the main volume of sewage sewage must be calculated in such a way that the reservoir is dug below the level of soil freezing in a given geographical region. Before you properly make a septic tank, you should follow the rule: the container or pit should be filled no more than 30-35 cm from the manhole cover.

Solutions for the arrangement of external sewerage

Which treatment systems to install directly depends on the desire and capabilities of the owner. Exist the following types sewer systems:

1. An industrial septic tank is a device that allows you to collect and process wastewater supplied by the internal sewerage of a house into clean industrial water and biological fertilizers. In septic tanks dirty water is settled and cleaned by biobacteria and microorganisms that multiply with organic waste.
2. Biotreatment with a special cleaning station, which has a high performance and high efficiency cleaning. The system is not autonomous, it depends on electricity, an expensive pleasure.
3. A dry closet is a solution that provides storage of small volumes of sewage. For service country house or a country house, a dry closet is not suitable, as it is able to process and store only fecal waste from human life.
4. The cesspool is a traditional and reliable option, it has been used for centuries. In conditions modern construction and developments for wastewater treatment, the cesspool is being equipped less and less. In addition, a large pit is more difficult to equip and maintain manually.

It is realistic to make a sewer in a private house on your own for all of the above options, except for the installation of a cleaning station, which will require the help of professionals and correct calculations.

Homemade cesspool on the site

Read more about how sewerage is arranged using a cesspool. To equip a cesspool, it is necessary to dig a large hole - a sewer pipe from the house is connected to it - drains from a toilet, bath, kitchen, etc. If the soil in the yard is loose or sandy, then it is recommended to overlay the walls of the pit with bricks or pour concrete in the shape of the formwork.

The advantages of this solution are low cost of work and building materials, simple installation and reliable design.

The disadvantages that a home-made sewage system has in a private house with a cesspool:

1. It is necessary to constantly remove accumulated solid waste from the pit. Since the walls of the pit silt over time, it will also be necessary to pump out liquid effluents.
2. An unpleasant smell in the area in case of poor sealing or its complete absence.
3. Since the water will eventually soak the soil around the pit, the site will become contaminated.
4. If the methodology for arranging a cesspool is violated, pipes can freeze in winter or become clogged at any time of the year.

sealed tank

A cesspool can be made with your own hands, according to the principle of a sealed tank, as in a septic tank. The tank can be used metal or plastic, but before you make a sewer, you should correctly calculate the capacity of the tank. The calculations will be given below. You only need to remember that metal container rusts quickly, so it must be carefully protected with anti-corrosion agents.

The plastic tank has more advantages:

1. No need for waterproofing and anti-corrosion coating, the container does not react with aggressive substances in wastewater.
2. The plastic tank is initially sealed.
3. The small weight of the tank is the ability to mount it yourself, without renting an excavator and a crane.
4. Dimensions and shape of tanks - in a wide range.

There is only one drawback - high price products.

Plastic or reinforced concrete septic tank with one chamber

One chamber contains a small amount of waste - about 1 m 3 for a family of 2-3 people. The calculation of the volume is simple - the daily water consumption per tenant will be approximately 200 liters. This means that for 2-3 people, the water consumption per day will be 600 liters, but taking into account the reserve, a volume of 1000 liters is taken to prevent overflow of the tank. This solution will work reliably if you do not increase the number of residents and consumed water. Structurally, the sewerage in a house with a single-chamber waste tank is the sewerage wiring in a private house according to the scheme below, and the settled water from the chamber is discharged into the ground or pumped out for the needs of the household. To improve the quality of wastewater treatment, bioadditives in the form of breeding bacteria that destroy organic matter can be added to the tank.

Design advantages:

1. Low cost and easy installation without the involvement of special equipment.
2. Independent performance of all work operations for the installation and connection of the septic tank chamber to the house sewer.
3. Environmental friendliness and tightness - there are no unpleasant odors from the septic tank.
4. And a reinforced concrete tank, and plastic camera do not react with aggressive substances in wastewater.
5. Long term maintenance-free operation of the tank.

A single-chamber septic tank works as follows: drains from the house by plastic pipes move towards the septic tank chamber, where solid debris settles to the bottom of the tank. From the chamber, the effluents enter the soil, where they are additionally purified by means of natural filtration.

Autonomous septic tank with two tanks

This is a more voluminous sewer for a private house - how to install it correctly? For this, a sewerage scheme for a private one-story house, which operates a septic tank with two tanks.

1. The first tank in this scheme is designed to allow dirty water to settle and be cleaned. Solid debris remains at the bottom, upper layer liquids in the chamber are purified water, fats and household chemicals.
2. The second tank is designed for re-treatment of wastewater. In it, the lower layer is fats and chemical substances. The water in the second chamber is further purified by approximately 60-65%.

When the second chamber overflows, water begins to overflow into the ground. This is an acceptable rate, since after cleaning in the second chamber, the water has environmental standards. Autonomous sewerage in a private house, the scheme of which is given above, provides a higher degree of wastewater treatment and the safety of people living in the house. This scheme works great in a house with 5-8 residents living in it.

Advantages of a two-chamber septic tank:

1. More pure water at the exit.
2. Tanks do not corrode.
3. The service life of such a cleaning scheme is ≥ 50 years.
4. You can assemble and run a septic tank with two cleaning chambers yourself.

Flaw:

Need periodic and regular cleaning of the walls of the chambers from silting. When carrying out such an operation, it is not recommended to remove all the sludge, since it contains biobacteria that decompose organic matter.

Biofiltration septic tank

Self-installation of sewage in a private house may involve the use of a biofilter. This is a tank with expanded clay, which is inherently inert. Expanded clay acts as a biological filter for wastewater treatment:

1. Drains alternately flow through the chambers, where they are cleaned, after which they enter the biofilter, covered with expanded clay.
2. Aerobacteria in the biofilter decompose and oxidize the organic matter present in the wastewater.
3. After complete cleaning process water enters the drainage system.

Advantages:

1. High level of cleaning, reduction of the drainage field and autonomy of work.
2. Dirt, debris, grease and chemicals are almost all removed. As a result, the output is clean industrial water suitable for irrigation or other chores in the yard.

Disadvantages:

1. Constant addition of biobacteria, high construction cost.
2. The need to clean the biological filter and pump out excess wastewater with sewage equipment.

The cost of self-arrangement of sewerage in your home

The cost of plastic tanks is available to any owner of a private household:

When compared with pipes and steel elements, then plastic products simpler and easier to install.

1. By purchasing PVC pipes and parts, you should check the presence of a rubber gasket in the sockets.
2. Do not connect the exhaust pipe to the ventilation system.
3. If the internal sewerage is installed according to standard scheme(one bathroom, sink and sink, washing machine, shower), then there is no need to equip a fan pipe.
Autonomous sewerage-septic tank for a private house

All decisions on the assembly of the sewerage system must be thought out, calculations made and the scheme reflected on paper. Therefore, when laying sewers on your own, choose an option that will take into account all the nuances of the architecture and geometry of your home. If you are not sure of your knowledge and experience, contact the professionals. Better spend more money on correct installation than to correct errors, which will cost more.

When arranging engineering networks of any kind, you need to find compromises that will allow you to create a really working communication, and at the same time not spend a lot. This also applies to the issue of the depth of the sewer system, here it is worth considering not only the depth of freezing of the earth, but also the price of earthworks.

Creating the outer part of the sewer, use a closed or open way. AT open version the pipe is placed directly on the ground (after preparing the drainage from the sand). In the closed one, special “covers” made of reinforced concrete are used.

It is clear that with the help of such protection for pipes, their service life is also extended. A kind of covers help protect the pipeline from earth pressure, but you will have to pay well for them.

If the issue of cost savings comes first, then experts recommend making narrow trenches, this will also increase the protection of pipes. You can also protect the materials with the help of special spacers between the edges of the ditch. Such parts are made of wood or metal, and are installed every 0.5 - 1 meter.

What depth is needed

Today, the process of arranging sewer systems is constantly being improved. The methods of work that were used 20 years ago are now considered obsolete. So, if earlier small booths on the street were used as a toilet, today this no longer suits anyone. When there is no desire or time to do all the amenities yourself, you can use the service of special companies that will do everything quickly and efficiently. And if it is important not to spend a large amount of money, then everything can be arranged on your own. most practical and simple option a septic tank will be installed.

Such a container is mounted in a special pit on the site. The distance from the septic tank to the dwelling should be at least 5 meters. As for the depth, here an indicator of 1.5 meters is considered optimal. So that the septic tank is not damaged by ground pressure or from the effects of groundwater, special concrete sarcophagi are also made.

Given the installation depth of the septic tank, it is also possible to determine the depth for the installation of the pipeline. It must be remembered that the pipe section from housing to the septic tank should be almost even, without any bends and turns.

Pipes are installed slightly above the freezing index of the earth, but in general, the depth should not be more than 80 centimeters. The best option there will be a depth of 50 cm. According to this principle, pipes are laid in places where there are no roads or other areas that are cleared of snow.

How to determine the depth of the pipeline in a private house

The following points must be taken into account:

• Pipe dimensions;
• Pipe slope (according to standards, it is 2-3 cm per linear meter of pipes);
• Applied materials.

If it was decided to use a septic tank for a country house, then the depth should also be calculated taking into account the characteristics of the area, and taking into account the exit point of the system from the housing to the pit with a septic tank.

A mandatory point is the correct determination of the slope of the pipes. If you miss this process, then the drains will leave the house with difficulty, and frequent blockages are also possible.

Inside the building, you can apply turns, knees and different points connections, but in the external pipeline, all these elements should be used only in case of emergency.

Why is depth so important?

There are many different things related to this issue. So, if the pipes are installed at the level of soil freezing, then the sewage will begin to cool, this will lead to blockages and subsequent failures in the sewer system. In such situations, you often have to “endure” up to positive temperatures, and do without drainage all winter. A small number of diverse compounds will also positively affect the operation of the sewer system. So, if you avoid turning in outdoor system, then in the future there will be no need to dismantle and clean pipes.

When turns are still necessary, then at these points it is better to install a special well so that there is always easy access to the problem area of ​​the pipeline. Such a simple solution will allow you to regularly check the sewers, and, if necessary, clean the pipes.

An important point is the indicator of the depth of freezing of pipes. To calculate it correctly, you need to take into account regional features. There are even special soil freezing maps that will help solve this issue.

climate factor

The fact that the laying of the pipeline should be carried out taking into account the depth of freezing is understandable, but how to determine this indicator? In this case, you need to use regulatory standards(SNiP 2.01.01.82). Thanks to this document, you can get acquainted with a map of certain areas with indicators of soil freezing. So, in the Moscow region, this figure will be around 1.4 m, and in a warm region near Sochi, soils freeze at a distance of 80 cm from the ground.

Also, SNiP recommends when using pipes with a cross section not exceeding 500 mm from the indicator climatic features terrain, it is necessary to subtract 0.3 m. If pipes of significant diameters are used in the work, then it is necessary to reduce the laying depth by 50 cm.

An example will help you better understand the issue. When pipes with a diameter of 200 mm are installed in one of the regions of the Moscow region, then taking into account the standards of SNiP, the depth should be 110 cm (140-30). But such calculations are accurate mainly during construction. large rooms, and small country houses are equipped with a different approach.

Features of the construction of a country house is that here the sewage system should work by gravity. An important point will be the observance of the slope angles of the pipes, because if this is not done, then problems cannot be avoided, especially with a long pipeline.

So, if we take for example the same house in the Moscow region with a pipe laying depth of 110 cm, and a septic tank, which is located 20 meters from the house, then the calculations will be as follows. Subject to the recommendations of the slope (2-3 centimeters per linear meter), this figure will be at least 40 centimeters. And this means that the hole for the pipe in the septic tank should be at a distance of 1.5 meters from the surface of the earth. This is in view of the fact that suburban area it will be perfectly even, but this is almost unrealistic, so you will also have to take into account the height difference indicator.

If the septic tank is equipped with concrete rings (3 pieces), then its depth should be approximately 2.7 meters ( standard size rings 90 cm). In this case, the useful depth indicator will be half as much (2.7 m - 1.5), i.e. 1.2 m., which is less than one and a half rings.

Application of biological treatment plant

When instead of a septic tank the owner of the house decides to use the station biological treatment, then the depth level will also be 1.5 m. This means that difficult excavation digging a pit, and it will also be necessary to spend large sums of money on the installation of revision wells, which are needed to maintain modern systems.

All these moments will greatly affect total cost arrangement of the sewer system, and at the same time will not bring the desired effect. AT country houses there is no such strong load on the pipeline.

There are three more factors that indicate the futility of this lesson:

1. In residential areas, the temperature of wastewater is kept at room level, so frost in the pipeline is removed independently;
2. If people do not live in the house permanently, but only periodically, then at moments of downtime there will simply be nothing to freeze;
3. During wastewater treatment, heat is also emitted from the septic tank or other system, which allows you to defrost the ice.

Therefore, laying pipes at great depths is not necessary, especially since it will also result in a round sum. For the middle part of the system, the recommended depth indicator is 50-70 cm, and then you need to install pipes, taking into account the required slope.

If it is possible to connect your system to a central sewer, then the main point in determining the depth will be the location of the connection point. When pipes are laid below such a point, the performance whole system will be in question, because gravity in such cases is impossible.

How to solve the problem with gravity

Today, experts offer two ways to help solve this issue:

• Installation of fecal pumps. Such equipment is used in places that are previously below the level central system. At this point, it must be borne in mind that the sewer system will now be dependent on electricity, which brings a lot of inconvenience in areas remote from cities, where the supply of electricity can hardly be called uninterrupted;
• Warm up the system. To equip a gravity sewer system at a shallow depth, you need to apply closed version installation. This will require special trays. Pipes need to be wrapped in special insulating materials or heating elements are installed, this will prevent the sewage from freezing.

If an open method is used for pipe installation and insulation is used, then the layer special material needs to be waterproofed. If the insulation gets wet, it will quickly lose its ability to maintain the required temperature.

Thermal insulation and heating cables also need to be installed in areas where the weather is very severe in winter. In some places, the level of soil freezing can be up to 10 meters. Of course, it is not necessary to dig pits of such depth; it is better to take care of the thermal insulation of the pipeline.

Pipe strength

When determining the depth of the pipeline, one cannot pass by such an indicator as the strength of the materials used. Now the most popular option for arranging the outer part of the sewerage are PVC pipes.

When choosing pipes for your sewer system, you need to carefully study all the requirements and recommendations of manufacturers. On the street, pipes must be installed with high performance strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. For internal sewerage, the requirements are not so strict.

If the pipes are installed at great depths or the road is located at the top, then only closed way installations and the pipes themselves must be very durable. Two-layer corrugated products based on polyethylene are perfect.

Pipes are most often installed on the street orange color, they will be clearly visible in the ground. In the production of such materials, various additives are added to the plastic to increase the strength of the products. This allows the pipes to withstand loads varying degrees. These materials are intended for installation at a depth of up to 3 meters.

Inside the room, there is no question of depth, but there are also a few tips that will help you do everything. in the best way. The inside of the sewer can be equipped with different branches, knees and sharp turns, but it’s better to simplify the sewer system as much as possible, this will give several advantages at once:

• It will be possible to save money when buying materials and when installing pipes;
• The simplest sewage system will work as well as possible.

Sewerage inside the premises must be done so that the wastewater leaves smoothly. When drainage is done indoors on the 1st floor, it is better to hide the pipes under the floor. Also, according to this method, the system is mounted in two-story houses.

When between inside sewerage and external significant difference in height, then special elbows must be used to connect the pipeline. At the same time, do not forget about the 30-degree elbow, it will ensure a smooth drainage of wastewater, which will prevent damage to the pipes.

Earthworks during the construction of an external system

Today, when building a country house, both machine work and manual work are used. It is much easier to perform this kind of work using special equipment. In such situations, the dimensions of the trench depend on the diameter of the materials and the level of the slope. When using pipes of 110 mm, the width indicator should be around 600 mm. Also at the same time, the required depth indicator is also determined.

When the site is heavily built up and there is no access to special equipment, then all earthworks will have to be done by hand. At the same time, the dimensions of the trench are the same as in the first case with special equipment. In depth, you need to dig a hole 5 centimeters more than required level installation of the pipeline, because you need to leave some space for the sand layer.

How to install pipes outdoors

To install the outer part of the sewer, you need to perform work in several stages:

• First, it is necessary to cover the bottom of the excavated trench with 50 mm sand, and then compact the base;
• Next prepare necessary materials(pipes, seals, fittings, etc.);
• You need to start the installation of pipes from the foundation of the building. In most cases, a special conclusion for the pipeline is made even during the construction of the foundation. If you were not lucky enough to calculate this even during construction, then it is used for this purpose diamond drilling;
• For a good indicator density and strength of the pipes, silicone grease should be used. To do this, silicone is applied to the smooth end of the material and all this is inserted into the socket with a sealing cuff;

• When the piping system needs to be rotated, soft bends (special fittings) are used, they perform the function of collecting outdoor network;
• With a long system (from 10 meters), special wells are needed on the turns, they will allow you to check and clean the pipes in a timely manner;
• After assembling the piping system, you need to check if the angle of inclination is set correctly and fill the pipes with sand. Before backfilling, you can also make a small check by letting water into the sewer. If there are no leaks, then you can fall asleep and proceed to the next stages of work;
• Only the sand that will be on both sides of the pipe needs to be rammed; nothing needs to be touched above the pipes themselves;
• The layer of sand above the pipes should be at least 15 centimeters. After that, and to the very top, the trench is covered with soil. By the way, it needs to be poured with a slide, because subsidence will occur over a certain time.

Video

Before you know how deep to lay sewer pipes, it is very important to understand various types pipelines.

When choosing nozzles, be sure to consider that there are various pipelines for internal and external sewage system. The internal sewer system includes all plumbing fixtures and pipes that are in the house. External - pipelines, local treatment plants such as, and drives located outside the house.

Spigots used outdoors are brown-orange, indoors are light gray. Important: when purchasing a pipeline, be sure to carefully read the instructions, as it details the specifics of using the structure.

What materials are the tubes made from?

For example, a few years ago, metal pipes were especially popular. But now this trend does not take place due to the fact that the metal is subjected to special corrosion. In turn, now most people install. Plastic pipes are lightweight, durable, and have a long service life. When installing them, you do not need to call a welder or use special equipment.

Also, collectors are made of cast iron, concrete, ceramics and fiberglass. Cast iron pipes are heavy and difficult to install. Ceramic - a high degree of possible damage. Concrete - a lot of weight and also the complexity of installation.

If you choose a PVC pipeline, then keep in mind that polypropylene installations can withstand temperatures of 80 degrees, while PVC structures can only withstand 40 degrees.