Roofing is one of the key stages of construction country house. The roof performs many functions, among which are the protection of walls from getting wet, drainage, wind protection. Since there are snowy winters in Russia, the structure must withstand significant loads, which can reach several hundred kilograms.
The roof of the house made of logs is being built on the basis of a wooden truss system. natural material must be carefully processed, protected from corrosion and deformation. As a rule, the shape of the roof, the angle of the slope and other features have already been worked out in the project. However, it is always possible to make changes to the drawings if this does not conflict with safety requirements.
The roof can have a different shape:
- Dvuhskatnaya. The classic version is the most affordable, and the design itself provides high strength, stability under external loads.
- Hip. original design roofs will highlight the cottage against the background of the general building, will help to realize various design styles.
- Shatrovaya. This solution is suitable for big houses where under the roof you can equip a rest room or bedroom.
- Mansard (broken line). Such a house roof made of rounded logs retains a maximum of usable volume and high level thermal insulation.
- Multi-forceps. The design, complex in shape, requires careful calculations, since it contains several ribs and skates at the same time.
The choice of a specific solution depends on the budget that the customer has. Mauerlat (support beam) is used in all designs: it is reliable and solid wood. Waterproofing is necessarily laid between the log house and the roof, which will prevent rotting of the crowns. It is important to make wide extensions that will protect the walls and foundation from moisture.
Various solutions are used as the base material
- Metal tile. Optimal combination in terms of price and quality, perfect solution with a small budget. Roofing can be done in various colors, including bright and cheerful.
- Soft tiles. A more expensive solution is lightweight, has a long service life (up to 50 years) and maintainability. However, only customers with high incomes can afford this option.
- Euroslate. The best option for giving it is devoid of the shortcomings of asbestos coating. The easy-to-install material has a long service life (up to 20 years), and is safe for health.
- Fake roof. The outdated version is suitable only for styling the structure, since the cost of its installation is quite high. However, many customers choose this option, as it allows you to provide an authentic appearance of the structure.
- Decking. Rolled metal sheet is affordable, but does not suit many people in its appearance. However, covered PVC film, he receives reliable protection from corrosion and does not require additional processing.
The roof of the house is installed from rounded logs immediately after the “box” is assembled. This is necessary in order to extend the life of the house, to prevent wood decay. The cottage under the roof can easily stand 2-3 years before it decorative finishes. However, without protection from rain and snow, the material will not be able to demonstrate a long service life.
The company "SeverStroyLes" offers comprehensive service: construction of houses on the basis of rounded timber with installation of the roof. There are many options available to customers - from classic to non-standard. Each customer is guaranteed impeccable compliance with technical norms and rules, which will ensure high safety during the operation of the building.
27/05/2016In this article we will talk about the design features of the roof of houses built of wood, or rather log houses and timber houses. What unites them is that they are subject to shrinkage after assembly.
Here on all pictures will be shown , simply because log walls I have a hard time drawing on the computer. But in general, everything that will be said applies equally to timber houses and to log.
So everything wooden buildings depending on the features of the construction of the roof of houses can be divided into two types:
With frame gables;
With gables made of timber or log.
I Option:
If the roof is made with frame gables, then in principle it is no different from roofs. brick houses which we have discussed in previous articles.
Let's say we have a box at home, shown in Fig. 1:
Picture 1
We can build either a gable roof with layered rafters, with the latter resting on the floor beams (see Fig. 2):
Figure 2
Or on such a house, we can make a roof with hanging rafters, with the latter also resting on the floor beams, as shown in Fig. 3 or as described in detail
Figure 3
We see that here there is no ridge beam resting on the middle load-bearing partition. The upper ends of the rafters rest on each other through the ridge board. The role of puffs is performed by floor beams.
We can also use both of these schemes, only to lean the lower end of the rafters not on the floor beams, but on the Mauerlat. Rather, on the upper crown of the box (log), because in wooden houses it is he who is the Mauerlat. AT this case using hanging rafters tightening will need to be added. Similar roofs have been previously described in articles and .
So, we have four schemes. On the sequence of erection of two pitched roofs and necessary calculations, I think we have already talked enough in previous articles. Which scheme to choose is up to you. From the point of view of reliability and simplicity of construction, I would prefer the very first option - layered rafters supported by floor beams (see Fig. 2), of course, provided that we have an average load-bearing partition.
II Option:
Now let's talk about the features of the roof of houses with gables made of timber or logs. Their main feature is that the pediment is subject to shrinkage, i.e. over time, its height changes (decreases), and the angle of inclination of the slopes also changes accordingly (also decreases). What can this lead to? Let's look at Figure 4:
Figure 4
We took the same box at home and made pediments out of timber. They put a ridge beam on them to install layered rafters. Of course, with such a length, it is obvious that the skate will not survive. Someone here might come up with the idea to put under it vertical racks, resting them on the middle partition.
But let's just say, this idea is very bad. The height of these racks will not change over time, because. wood shrinkage along the fibers is only 0.1-0.3%. The height of the gables can be reduced to 8-10%. Those. with a pediment height of 1.5 meters, it can sit down by 12-15 cm. Imagine what will happen to the roof.
In this regard, if we want to make pediments from a bar (log), the middle partition must be assembled to the very top and settle along with the pediments. For example, Figure 5 shows several houses where the ridge beam will lower evenly when the house shrinks:
Figure 5
In the last photo, we see that the ridge beam on the balcony is supported by a vertical stand. But this rack is installed through a special screw shrinkage compensator of the log house.
Now a little about fixing the lower ends of the rafters on houses with gables made of logs or timber.
If we imagine the process of shrinkage of the pediment and, accordingly, lowering down the upper end of the rafter, then it becomes obvious that the lower end of the rafter will be displaced relative to the wall, i.e. like sliding down. But how in this case to fix the rafters to ensure its mobility. The methods of attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat, which we considered earlier, are not suitable here. And the scheme with the support of the rafters on the floor beams in this case is not applicable at all.
How this connection is made is shown in Figure 6:
Figure 6
A shallow cut is made on a beam or log (the stop is not cut down) and a special sliding support is installed. There are two things to keep in mind. The “slider” should stand perpendicular to the rafter, and during installation it should be cocked to the lowest position (as shown in the photo above) to ensure the maximum possible travel of the rafter when the gable shrinks.
Also, the connection of the rafters to each other at the top on the ridge has its own characteristics. They should be able to slightly change the angle of inclination during shrinkage. The two most simple ways How to ensure this is shown in Figure 7:
Figure 7
So let's sum it up. In roofs with gables made of logs or timber, the rafters must be able to move during shrinkage and nothing should interfere with this. No puffs and additional intermediate racks are placed on such rafters. Connections are also made movable.
All photos from the article
The ridge run or, as it is also called, the roof ridge log is an important element of the truss system. Moreover, the strength of the roof largely depends on this detail, since the run connects the truss trusses into single system.
Below we will take a closer look at what this part is and what function it performs.
What is a skate log
So, ridge run- this is a log crowning the roof. The name “girder” itself indicates that the beam is located from wall to wall, or rather from pediment to pediment. True, in hip roofs this detail is short, since they have no gables.
As mentioned above, this detail combines farms into single structure. The connection of the beam with the rafters is carried out in the ridge knot. Moreover, in some cases, the span serves as a support for the upper part of the rafter legs.
This frame element is made of beams, however, if a roof is made on a log cabin, then a log with a diameter of 150-200 mm is also used as a ridge element. If the building has big sizes, then the span can consist of two connected parts.
Types of roofs and the function of the ridge span
First of all, it should be said that all elements of the roof are interconnected with each other, respectively, they cannot be considered separately. Moreover, depending on the type roof structure the part in question can perform different functions. Therefore, below we will get acquainted with the most common options for roofing systems.
So everything existing species frames can be divided into several most common types:
| Type of | Peculiarities |
| With load-bearing gables | In this case, the beam rests on the pediments, which, in fact, are upper part bearing walls. This method of building a roof is the simplest. However, in this case, as a rule, construction costs increase, since more wall materials, the price of which is always quite high. |
| Using racks | The principle of such a system is based on the use of racks installed on load-bearing walls. Thus, the beam is laid on the racks. |
| hanging | In this case, the span does not serve as a support for the rafter legs, but only links them into a single system. Often, hanging systems are made without a run at all. |
| Attic | The basis is broken hanging rafters. This frame allows you to expand attic space, which is most often used as a dwelling. |
Below we will take a closer look at these designs and the features of their assembly with our own hands.
Frame with load-bearing gables
As mentioned above, this roof is the simplest, since the walls of the house perform the supporting function. As a rule, the beam not only rests on the gables, but also passes through them, which provides an overhang. True, it is also possible to make an overhang by lengthening the crate.
Roof- this is the most important element, without which not a single building can do, and even more so, your dream is a house made of logs. Roofs are subject to certain requirements for stability, strength, - and. Roofing materials must be frost-resistant and, moreover, have chemical and radiation resistance.Existing materials for varied as per technical specifications and operational properties as well as texture and color.
The roof, more than other elements of the building, is exposed to natural elements. It must withstand the weight of the snow cover and prevent the penetration of moisture. All year round the roof is, as it were, being tested by nature for strength. Also, the roof is very important. architectural element building, which plays a big role in its appearance. What is the difference between the roofs used in the construction of a log house? The appearance and its functionality are determined not only by the features of the roof. After all, the condition of the roof during operation also depends on how well the project is chosen and executed.
If for your wooden house If you have chosen a gable roof, then you will need a log, a bar as the main material for its manufacture. The whole process of erecting this structure can be divided into several stages and types. In this article we will tell you what types of truss systems for a log house are, as well as what roof schemes exist.
Nailless (male) roof
A nailless roof is a structure in which a board is laid on horizontally installed logs. The ends of the logs need to be cut into the transverse logs that form the gable.
In this case Basic structure- these are the end walls, "males", the place of narrowing of the wall of the log house. Logs, which are called slegs, are fastened in it by a serif method, they are covered with a roof.
Logs from the longitudinal walls are hidden inside the house, they need about three to work. For the upper part, as a rule, a large ridge log is used.
To make the roof structure more durable, you need to install a rafter leg. It is a triangular structure, and it is installed in the middle part of the roof.
There is a more economical arrangement of the roof: the end walls are sewn up with hewn boards, and rafters are used to cover the roof. Males do not do this in such a situation; a crate of thin logs is installed on them.
Types of truss systems
For the construction of a pitched roof, you can use hanging rafters and layered ones.
This design is the easiest to assemble and for its manufacture will require a small amount of material. Due to the fact that the layered rafters are held due to the emphasis on the outer part of the walls, they put pressure on the walls of the building. The pressure on the roof causes a bursting effect on the walls, and from this they diverge. 
Laminated truss systems are used when roof spans do not exceed 6 meters. If the span is more than 6 m, another support is installed. If the building has a central bearing wall, that would be an added benefit.
Hanging truss systems
If roof spans are more than seven meters and additional supports are not provided, hanging rafters are used. This design does not exert a load on the walls, the effect of bursting is not noticeable. The puff, which is installed in the middle part of the rafter legs, strengthens the rafter. 
Roof construction on males
The main load-bearing system in this type of roof is the end walls. Shallow recesses are made in the pediments, and logs (slegi) are installed in them. Therefore, the male roof is in some way a continuation of the wall, in which the logs become shorter and shorter towards the top.
The structure of such a roof can be assembled on the ground. You need to start the process with a base removed from the walls on temporary linings. They cut the log house not on full height, and in parts, making the shifting of the crowns. The advantage of this technique is that you can customize the structure on the ground.
From the logs of males, which are fastened together with dowels, they form end wall. This makes it possible to preserve the stability of the pediment. And using dowels, you can achieve additional thermal insulation. Since this design does not have horizontal expansion, it is not entirely reliable.
In order to increase strength, you can connect poles with logs of males:
- by cutting "in the paw" in a place where the logs around the corner are not indicated;
- "in the paw with a slit";
- cutting method "in the root spike".
If the work is done incorrectly and poorly, the house will be purged. Therefore, if you do not have the relevant experience, knowledge, trust a specialist.
At what angle should the roof slopes be?
Decide this question You can use a plumb line nailed to the board and a cord that is attached in the middle of the board.
We raise the board so that the plumb line points to the center of the pediment. If you plan to build a roof with a different slope of the slopes, then the board must be moved to the corner, and the ends of the cord should be stretched towards the corners.
The board must be attached to the wall, the cords must be fixed in the corners. After that, you can already visualize the angles of the slopes. With the second part of the pediment, it is necessary to carry out a similar procedure. Use the water level and focus on the horizon set on the boards.
After the slope boundary is marked, continue to install the gable logs.
Cutting a ridge log can be done in two ways: in the first, we cover the pediment with a log, and in the second, we cover the ridge log with a male log.
If you chose the first option, then the gaps that form at the top of the pediment can be closed with short logs of males.
For the second option, experts advise using a crate of thick and massive logs. This way you will be able to level and raise the roof a bit. The most relevant is the use of lathing for a roof made of tess.
When erecting a roof, do not forget that its protrusion beyond the gables should not exceed 50 cm. In a situation where the extension is greater than this distance, you can strengthen the structure with a log with a large section.
Also, for strengthening, you can cut 2 or 3 ridge sleds and create a ledge in the form of a step in this way. The presence of lower slegs in this case is not necessary, they can be replaced with short logs.
The crate should lie flat. Since cut logs cannot be hewn, when cutting, do not forget to measure their end with a level. In order to check the flatness of the laying, you can run a flat board along the roof. If you find cavities, irregularities, compensate for them with sawdust; eliminate hunchbacks.
Roof construction with hanging rafters
A hanging rafter roof is a triangular frame whose beams run through the entire structure.
The pressure that acts on the system is distributed over the entire area of the frame: the vertical pressure on the rafters has a bursting effect, and the legs, which are cut into the beams, transfer pressure to the beam, this reduces the stress of the entire structure.
In the design of the roof with hanging rafters, there is a drawback - the bending of the beams. Since in such a situation there is no fulcrum for the bottom of the leg, experts suggest using a rafter system with a “headstock”. In this system, you can use a material with a smaller cross section.
Methods for joining wooden parts
For joining and joining building material use different techniques. Depending on the type of construction, bolts, dowels, dowels, nails, glue, staples are used.
Not only the reliability of the nodes, but also the stability of the entire structure depends on the dimensions of the plane at the junction of the elements.
With an increase in the contact area of the parts, the friction force increases. To complicate the nodal connection, instead of straight cuts on the bars, make locks like " dovetail" or "paw". In such cuts, a force arises that prevents the separation of wood elements.
The connection of large knots can be done independently, with the help of an ax, a saw. And the connection of small, complex joints is best left to professional carpenters.
Installation of rafters on a log house
Log roof truss system: nailless (male) roof, layered rafters, hanging truss systems.
Gable roof on a log house: analysis of construction options + technological subtleties
The construction of a roof over a log building is not an easy job, requiring the skills of a skilled carpenter and knowledge of materials science from the master. The performer will need to pre-practice in making connections. He must take into account the traditional shrinkage of walls made of wood. To gable roof on the log house was built flawlessly, we need information about the methods of its construction, including ancient roofing technologies. The information we provide will be useful and independent craftsmen, and customers for the services of construction teams for meaningful control.
"Tricks" of wooden housing construction
Popularity chopped baths, cottages, residential buildings substantiated by an amazing atmosphere, returning to folk origins. Buildings made of natural wood are distinguished by excellent thermal engineering and attractive price. A weighty advantage is the ability to spontaneously pass excess fumes. It is impossible not to pay tribute to the solid environmental benefits.
However, the sought-after natural building material has an impressive list of disadvantages. In addition to flammability and sensitivity to waterlogging, carpenters-builders and future owners must worry about:
- Dimensional instability wooden structures. Linear movements due to fluctuations in humidity with temperature will accompany the structure until the end of operation. In the early years, elements wooden system move more actively, over time, "playfulness" decreases, but does not disappear.
- Mandatory shrinkage, taking into account which it is not customary to equip log cabins for at least a year, is better than two to three years after the crowns are assembled. The forest after laying sags by an average of 10-20%, which must be taken into account when designing a house. Least of all, the walls of glued laminated timber will sag, but its use will not completely eliminate the change in the height of the box.
- The difference is in the vector direction of shrinkage. An intense change in size occurs across the log, i.e. perpendicular to the fibers. Along fibers size scaffolding changes slightly: shrinkage along the length of the trunk should not even be taken into account.
Without taking into account the above circumstances, the wooden roof will definitely “move out”. Gaps will appear between the foot of the house and the roofing system, allowing raindrops and melt water to pass through. Next, the wood will begin to rot, as a result complete destruction not only the upper building envelope, but also the house as a whole.
Taking into account the specifics of the material is not enough for the competent construction of a timber roof. You need to familiarize yourself with all possible ways construction in order to choose a cost-effective and effort-efficient option. You need to understand what forces will act on walls made of logs or timber, by what method you can extinguish their action.
Varieties of roof angles for log cabins
Roofs with two slopes are ideally combined with chopped feet. Two steep pitched planes create the impression of a fabulous hut. The most suitable angle of inclination is 45º-60º, but variations in both directions have every right to exist.
A rival in the field of arranging log cabins for a gable structure can be broken roof, having a similar or pentagonal configuration in section. Gable roofs over log cabins can be insulated or cold, attic or non-attic. As finish coat all types of roofing materials are applicable, including shingles and reeds.
In wooden construction, ancient technologies for erecting corner roofs have been preserved and new methods have appeared that allow wood to move freely without the threat of destruction of the building. According to the device method, gable roofs of timber buildings are divided into two fundamental categories:
- Roofs on males - on chopped and cohesive log gables. They complete the walls of the box at the ends, representing their natural continuation. The bearing parts of the roof structure, laid down, according to the "male" method, rest directly on the gables. A crate is laid on top for the installation of a finishing coating.
- Roofs with truss system. They are built in accordance with the regulations that dictate the standard technology for the construction of pitched roofs. rafter roofs are hanging and layered, based on floor beams or on walls through the upper crown. The pediments are tritely sewn up with a board, due to which the construction budget is reduced by a couple with the effect of a log house.
In fact, roof manufacturers rarely follow just one technology. truss structure can be combined with the male system. A hanging truss can be installed in the middle of the male roof so that the legs do not sag under their own weight, coupled with roofing and snow.
There are schemes that are generally difficult to attribute to a certain category, because. their crucial design features can be classified in various ways.
For example, the ceiling beam of a log house, a mat or translation, can play the role of a basis for installing layered rafters or serve as a puff that combines elements into a hanging triangle. The tightening of the truss truss can be moved higher, as suggested in another article describing the erection of a roof over a semi-attic. There are a lot of options, but in order to understand the principle of their device, you need to familiarize yourself with the classic schemes.
Rules for making a roof on males
It is a sin for roof builders according to the male scheme not to take advantage of the invaluable advantage of chopped boxes. They can be disassembled and reassembled multiple times. the children's designer. Therefore, the upper crowns are corny removed from designated places and placed on a suitable level ground.
It is much more pleasant to work on firm ground without risk, and there is no need to move over shaky scaffolding and footbridges. Linings of aspen chocks are installed under the crown. They imitate the previous rows of logs, so that there are no complications with leveling to the horizon and fitting knots.
If we conditionally divide the log house into three horizontal parts, then the lower 2/3 will fall on the walls, and the upper third on the frame of the gable roof. In fact, this is a wedge converging top log house. They build it almost the same way, but gradually reduce the width of the end walls so that the edges of the gables resemble stairs with steps. Instead of long logs falling on the walls of the box, they lay down with a cut. They are cut not in every row, but after two or three.
Males, after erection to full height, are filed in order to form a clear triangular shape. Then the crate is mounted on the slab, the roofing material is on top.
The tops of the males are connected by a ridge slope, which can be laid in two different ways:
- With the installation lay down at the top of the male. In such cases, the log that completes the pediment is cut into two edges. The stepped protrusions of the male are sawn off or hewn into a triangle. At its top there are uncovered areas that will need to be filled with shorties.
- Covered with logs of the male. According to this technology, the specified ridge beam is covered with logs of the male, shortening towards the top. At the same time, the slopes are located below the line of future slopes. The crate then has to be built from logs of impressive thickness in order to align the plane of the slopes with the boundaries of the gables. Instead of laths, rafters can be installed, the thickness of which compensates for the lack of height in the plane formed by the slabs.
For the manufacture of slegs, the most even logs Ø 18-20 cm are taken. They are fastened with simple cuts "in the paw" or complicated analogues "with a cut" or "thorn". Because the edge of the pediment is hemmed or sawn off; cuts with horizontal parts of fasteners such as “into a frying pan” are not suitable. After all, part of the bearing element of the connection will be removed during processing.
The length of the legs is required to form the gable overhang of the roof. Usually it is 0.5 m. If it is decided to increase the width of the overhang, the slabs are laid in pairs or three in each "step" of the male in order to increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Upon completion of the construction of the roof frame, its geometry is checked by installing the board on an imaginary slope.
The bulges revealed by the board are cut off, the recesses are filled with wooden overlays. However, experienced carpenters advise not to sew on “patches”, but rather to chop more.
The old masters did not use fasteners at all in the manufacture of roofs on males. Structures of this kind are called roofs without nails. There were no gradually rusting rods in the body of wood, therefore the structures served for more than one hundred years.
Combination with rafters
It happens that the construction of a traditional male roof is not possible. For example, as a result of a zealous stacking of surpluses from the snails and males, the cut joints may suffer considerably. In situations like this classic version simply supplemented from above with layered rafters. The need for squeezing the humps is then automatically eliminated. The final alignment is made along the upper edges of the rafter legs.
The manufacture of rafters is carried out according to a template with marks for cuts and leg length. Chop them in a simple bowl. The accuracy of cutting the connections of the rafters with the slabs is not needed, on the contrary, the bowls should be 3-5 cm larger than the outline of the slab. The log house will inevitably settle, losing height. The rafters will remain almost the same size with the exception of a few mm. The settling box will drag the bottom of the rafters behind it, due to which the angle of connection of the bottom of the rafter and upper crown will decrease. Those. rafters resting against the upper logs or floor beams will gradually move apart.
Safe for the roof, the displacement of the rafters with respect to the slope will be provided by a wide cut. There should be a gap between the tops of the rafter legs resting on the ridge beam. Moving apart at the bottom, at the top of the rafters during the period of intensive shrinkage, they will approach each other. After shrinkage, the tops are connected with a wooden overlay and / or a puff installed just below. It is possible, without waiting for shrinkage, to connect them with a hinge assembly, which allows wooden details systems to move without the formation of gaps between the box and the roof.
The lower heels of the rafters in the described scheme rest against the upper crown, which works like a Mauerlat, or against the edges of the matrices - ceiling beams. The knots of connections are made by notches with a spike, eaves overhang is increased by fillies. So that the gable chopped roof is not blown away from the log house, the rafters are tied through one to the studs hammered into the second crown from the top with wire twists. In areas with high wind load, each rafter leg must be tied. After active shrinkage of a wooden structure, weakened twists should be tightened.
Two slopes with layered rafters
The scheme is similar to the previous type, only the legs are not needed at all. The name of the layered rafter legs was received from the fact that they rest on top and bottom on independent supports. The lower heels rest on the upper crown, which serves as a Mauerlat, or on beams. ceiling. To support the top of the elements of the gable roof truss system above the log house, there are several options:
- Ridge or prince's slug, laid between the males. The rafters laid on the top are not fastened or connected by a hinge for the reasons stated above.
- Internal main wall. There should also be a gap between the top of the rafters, because. their edges rest on the walls different heights, therefore, with different shrinkage. There is no special sense in the device of males for such a roof, the pediments are tritely sheathed with a board.
- Installed on matrices supporting structure under the ridge beam. Males in this case, again, are not constructed. To compensate for shrinkage supporting pillars are installed on screw adjusting devices, which allow, following a decrease in the height of the log house, to reduce the length of the support posts. earlier, instead of compensating devices, wooden linings were used, which were removed after shrinkage.
The cornice overhang of the sloping roof above the log house is most often provided by sewn-on fillies. Although it can be formed by the removal of the rafter legs, if they are attached not by cuts, but by sliding connecting devices. Sliding fasteners allow you to build roofs over chopped stacks without waiting for shrinkage.
Hanging roof device diagram
Hanging rafter legs got their name because they seem to hang over the equipped box. They only have walls as lower supports, and the same part of the opposite rafter serves as the upper support. The lower heels are connected by a puff, due to which the hanging rafters turn into an equilateral triangle, also called a truss arch or truss. The puff "takes on the chest" thrust, transmitted in a layered scheme to the walls.
Compensation for the action of the thrust by tightening is a significant plus of the hanging system. He was gladly borrowed by the builders of layered roofs, trying to minimize the forces that burst the walls of the house with an increase in the load on the slopes. The ceiling beam can successfully play the role of tightening. And then it really will not become clear whether it will be necessary to attribute to the layered or hanging category truss frame gable roof.
Priceless Dignity hanging systems is that for the production With the log roof boards do not have to go up. All patterned rafter triangles fit together perfectly and fit securely.
In the list of minuses, the first place is occupied by restrictions on overlapping spans. Systems without a central support do not cover large-span buildings. When arranging a house up to 5 m wide, a simple truss arch is used without additional details that increase the rigidity of the structure. Puffs for larger spans may bend from their own weight. To eliminate sagging in the center of the rafter triangle, a suspension headstock is installed.
To understand the essence of the construction of a hanging truss system, consider the technology for installing arches over a small log house. The lower heels of the rafters will rest on the ceiling beams, we will strengthen the connection of the upper edges with a wooden lining and screed. We entrust the formation of the cornice overhang with fillies, we entrust the responsibility of ensuring the rigidity of the structure to small supports. Males will not be built. Gables created by stingrays after holding installation work sew with a board.
To mark the lines of the slopes, we find the centers of both ends and mark them on the upper crown. Focusing on the mark, we set the board vertically, any longitudinal edge of which will repeat the imaginary central axis. We equip both ends with boards, mark the height of the roof on them, using a water or laser level. Between the boards you need to stretch the construction cord, indicating the ridge line of the roof.
The order of work on the installation of a hanging roof:
- We align the bypasses of the beams that extend beyond the foot. We drive a nail into the extreme beams according to the design dimensions, pull the cord, mark the excess, saw off with a chainsaw.
- On the ceiling beams, we mark the location of the nests required to install the rafter legs. Similarly, we hammer in nails, pull the cord and draw the groove lines for the future tooth on the rafter leg.
- We make a truss truss template. Applying the board suitable sizes the lower edge to the first mat, the upper edge must be held so that the edge of the board lies under the lace indicating the ridge line. Where the board and the cord touch, put a mark and draw a line down from it using a plumb line. On the matrix, we draw the line of the lower washed down and mark the location of the tooth on the rafter where the nest is marked on the beam.
- We make rafters according to the template and assemble them on a flat area.
- We transfer the rafter triangles to the roof and install in place. We check the verticality with a plumb line and fasten it with temporary jibs.
- On the mats inside the log house, with the help of a ruler, two nails and laces, we mark the grooves for supports under the rafter legs. This procedure, it seems to me, is more convenient to do along with the marking of nests.
- We make supports by forming a spike at their base. We mark the height of the support in fact, trying it on the rafter leg.
- We install drains, the top of which we fasten with two wooden plates.
- We select the grooves in the extreme matrices for the installation of fillies.
- We sew on the extreme fillies, hammer nails into them, stretch the cord between them.
- We install intermediate fillies along the cord, after installation of which we draw up overhangs with a wind board.
From the inside, the rafter triangles should be connected by diagonal wind ties. Outside, the rigidity of the structure will be supported by the crate, the type of which is selected according to the type of finish.
Those wishing to equip warm roof thermal insulation will need to be laid between the rafters. Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafter legs in front of the batten, regardless of whether the structure will be insulated.
The examples and schemes of gable roofs given by us over log boxes will help to decide on the best option construction. Any of the basic versions can be modified and adapted to individual specifications. Information about the specifics of the device is useful both for those who are going to equip their property with their own hands, and for those who need to control the work.
In general, a gable roof on a log house is a widely used solution. This is a relatively simple installation, and the absence of problems with snow in the cold season. In addition, almost all materials are suitable: both metal tiles and slate. The main thing is to accurately calculate and design everything. The most important thing: the correct calculation of the roof slope. From 20 to 60 degrees depending on weather conditions in the region.
Log house of a gable roof: how to make a gable roof on a log house
In what ways can a gable roof be arranged on a log house, new or ancient technology it is desirable to prefer for the erection of the roof of a log house.
Methods for attaching rafters to a log house
After erecting the walls and waiting for six months to complete the shrinkage, you can proceed to the next stage of construction - installation roofing system. For wooden houses and baths, most often a standard gable roof with a significant slope is chosen, on which snow will not accumulate. The rafters for the log house must be strong and properly installed, the security of the walls and ceilings and the durability of the entire structure depend on the reliability of the roof. How to put rafters on a log house?
Mounting options for the truss system
Before installing the rafters, it is necessary to mount the ceiling beams. In the upper crown of the log house, it is necessary to make a technological hole, which is called a cut - a beam will be installed in it. In this case, the hole should not be through, so that the end of the ceiling beam does not suffer from the action of atmospheric phenomena.
The distance between the beams depends on what material is supposed to be used for the floor, and on the options for using the attic or attic room. The minimum recommended step is half a meter.
Installation of rafters on a log house can be carried out in two main ways:
Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or bathhouse
The procedure for the construction of any building in general view simple enough. First, the foundation is laid, the walls are erected, the roof is mounted, and then the interior work. The topic of this article is the installation of do-it-yourself rafters on a log house.
Installing ceiling beams
If you have a building made of logs or timber, then the top 2 crowns do not need to be fixed during the construction of walls before installing the ceiling beams. Special holes will be made in them, called "cuts" for laying beams. The dimensions of the cuts are determined by the dimensions of the ceiling beams, which, in turn, are pre-calculated for the expected loads. It is possible that a cut is not made in the upper crown, but in this case, if it is necessary to replace the ceiling beam, problems will arise, since you will have to remove the upper crown or saw off the damaged beam.
The notch for the ceiling beam must be "deaf", i.e. blind. This will help protect the end of the beam from the effects of atmospheric phenomena.
The required step for installing ceiling beams is calculated based on the expected loads and the material you use for this, the minimum step is 50 cm.
After installing the ceiling beams, you can think about how to install the rafters on the house or bath.
There are few ways to assemble rafters, or rather, only 2:
- Collect roof trusses on the ground and raise to the house in ready-made.
- Collect directly on the roof and raise the elements of roof trusses there.
The first method is good for relatively light structures that can be lifted by several people. The second is used for massive rafters, which are difficult to lift manually into the house. If you have the ability to lift the rafters with a crane, you can also assemble heavy trusses on the ground.
We collect roof trusses on the ground
In previous articles, we talked about how various elements of truss trusses can be connected. In this article, we will look at specific example assembly of hanging rafters with a crossbar for a bath size 5x4 with gable roof. We will put the rafters after assembly on the ground - it’s more convenient.
rafter legs made from edged board"fifty" 10 cm wide. The crossbar and puff are made of the same material. The length of the rafter legs is 280 cm. The length of the puff is 440 cm. We install the crossbar at a height of 50 cm from the ridge. Slope angles - 40 °. The assembly instructions are due to the design of the hanging rafters. The upper ends of the rafter legs rest against each other in the ridge, for this we saw off their ends so that the lower ends create an angle of 40 ° with tightening (see photo). Saw off the lower ends under right angle too. You can fasten with bolts, linings, nails, etc., having previously calculated required amount for each node.
The crossbar gives additional rigidity to the rafters. To install it, we make a cut in the rafter leg to the width of the crossbar. At the ends of the crossbar we make a tooth with a length equal to the width of the rafter, and a thickness equal to the depth of the cut, on the rafter leg. Fasten with screws, nails or other fasteners.
Do-it-yourself installation of rafters begins with extreme trusses, so it is better to sheathe them immediately on the ground. To do this, after 40 cm on the rafters we fill the bars for attaching the sheathing, the material for the bars can be taken in the size of 40x40 or 50x50. Sheathing boards should protrude beyond the puff to a width of 2.5 cm or more so that water from the pediment does not flow onto the sheathing of the log cabin of the bath. When the cornice is sheathed, this issue will be hidden by its sheathing.
You can sheathe the gable not vertically, but horizontally. Then the crate is stuffed vertically, tying the puff and rafter legs. Here, too, it is necessary to provide 2.5 cm for the outlet on the side of the puff, for the same purposes as in the version of the vertical skin.
Installing assembled farms
After all the farms are assembled, they must be sequentially raised to the roof.
The technology for installing rafters is as follows:
- We raise and fix the extreme farms. To do this, we drill 2-3 holes in the puff for attaching the rafters to the beams of the upper crown of the log house. We place a plumb line on the crossbar in the center to control the verticality of the farm.
- If it is required by calculation, we install additional jibs. It is also possible to temporarily fix trusses with jibs until the entire system is fully installed. After all trusses are raised and installed, the jibs can be removed.
- We install the central truss, also checking its verticality and fixing it with additional elements if necessary.
- We install the rest of the farms in the same way as the central one.
- We connect the farms with each other using the crate. It can be made from a bar, edged or unedged boards, plywood, OSB boards. The choice of material for the crate is determined by the choice roofing material with which you are going to cover the roof.
In order to assemble the rafters on the roof in the same way, 4 people are needed. The rafter legs are connected in a horizontal position, and then with the help of ropes they rise and are installed in place. In this option, difficulties may arise when installing intermediate trusses, since those already installed will interfere with their lifting.
As you can see, in the above example, the installation of roof trusses was carried out in the absence of a ridge run. If a ridge run is necessary for the roof, then it is no longer possible to assemble the rafters on the ground. In this case, they will have to be lifted to the roof in disassembled form and assembled already at the installation site.
Roof rafter assembly
If the project of your house provides for layered rafters, and not hanging ones, as in the previous example, then in order to mount them, you need additional support. How to put the rafters correctly in this case? First you need to install a ridge run.
If the gables of your house are made of bricks or blocks, then the girder can be supported on them, while the ends of the girder should protrude beyond the gables so that you can form a cornice overhang. Runs are usually made of logs or timber. Standard length of such material is 6 m. Manually lifting such a log onto the roof of a house is quite problematic, most likely, it will be crane. Gables must withstand the pressure of the run, so they are made using reinforced masonry. By the way, it is possible to carry out the installation of the roof without rafters, only with the help of ridge and side runs. In this case, the crate is stuffed into the runs. This method is applicable for roofs with cold attic space if you plan to use the attic for housing, then keep in mind that in the attic the insulation must be able to ventilate, so you still have to use layered rafters.
For this type of rafters, the location of all elements in the same plane is unimportant, and the rafters can be laid on the ridge run in turn.
Depending on the material and design loads, the rafters may have additional elements in the form of braces, struts, racks. We described the scheme of their fastening in previous articles. If, according to the project of your house, the pediments are not designed for the installation of a ridge run, it is mounted on several racks that are installed on a bed. In this case, the bed is first mounted, the racks are mounted on it, then the ridge run, and only then the layered rafters.
Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or bathhouse: technology
Installation of rafters is possible in 2 ways. The first is when roof truss is assembled on the ground and rises to the roof already in finished form. The second - when the installation of rafters is carried out immediately on the roof.
