Build a house from a bar on your own. The technology of building a house from a bar with your own hands. Calculation of the necessary materials

With my own hands. This question is relevant, because wooden buildings are very warm, in addition, they are completely environmentally friendly and look very unusual.

How to choose quality material

Compliance with all construction technologies does not at all guarantee that the house will be strong and durable. One of the most important requirements for obtaining a reliable building is the use of quality material. Most often, coniferous wood is used for the construction of a wooden house. This is due to the fact that such material meets sanitary and hygienic standards. In addition, it is more resistant to decay than others, cracks do not appear on it (provided that it is used correctly), and it is easy to process it, as well as mount it, which is explained by its low weight.

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to choose a material that has undergone a high-quality drying process. This will make the shrinkage not so significant. After all, it not only makes the initial height of the building smaller, but is also accompanied by the formation of grooves between the logs, which then have to be filled.

In addition, for the construction of a house, you can choose a solid or profiled beam (the latter, by the way, only involves assembly on the territory of the work). After the process is completed, you will receive a building that is resistant to deformation. External weather influences are not terrible for profiled timber, as the logs are fitted as tightly as possible. After shrinkage, the walls of the house do not have to be caulked, which makes operation more pleasant.

Characteristics of a solid bar

Before proceeding directly to the discussion of the question "how to build a house from a bar with your own hands" (photos of finished buildings, by the way, you can see in the article), let's say a few words about such an option as a solid bar. It looks, of course, not as attractive as profiled, but it also has a lot of advantages. Among the main ones are affordable prices. But before purchasing, you need to pay attention to the quality of the material, as it has natural moisture and can be affected by fungus. In order for the building to retain heat, it will have to be insulated even at the construction stage, moreover, the process should be repeated after shrinkage.

Foundation construction

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to build a foundation. An excellent base will be a tape design. The markup is done first. The territory is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed from it, the thickness of which is approximately 7-10 cm. Next, you can dig a trench 1.5 m wide, while its depth should be 2.5 m. Now you can install the formwork. Reinforcement made of steel bars Ø1.5 cm should be laid in it, their length is limited to 2-2.5 m.

If a private developer is faced with the question of how to build a house from a bar with his own hands, then he should know that the foundation must be of the highest quality. It is impossible to make it as such if you do not lay a backfill on the bottom of the trench, which should consist of a hydrogenous material and have a thickness of 30-50 cm. The next step is pouring concrete. It is preferable to order a mortar at the factory or rent a concrete mixer for this. As a prerequisite for the formation of the foundation, the next layer is poured before the previous one is covered with a crust. In the flooded state, the base is left for up to five days. It is recommended to cover the foundation with waterproofing before building walls; for this, rolled roofing material is suitable, which is laid on bituminous mastic.

Walling

You should know what work to be done at the stage of building walls even before you build a house from a bar with your own hands. Photos of such buildings are presented in the article, so you have visual material. To do this, you can purchase a bar with a section of 200x200 or 150x150 mm. First you have to choose one of the cutting methods. For example, walls can be assembled into a paw. For cutting using this technology, a pair of logs will have to be placed opposite each other on the foundation. After another pair is folded perpendicularly, so that a square is obtained. At the next stage, a “nest” should be formed in each log, designed for fastening. It should be in the shape of a trapezoid. In the resulting recess, it is necessary to install the next log, and make the same “nest” in it. It is necessary to carry out such work until the walls reach the design height.

Alternative felling options

If you are still thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, you can learn more about this in this article.

So, another cutting option is called "dovetail". It is similar to the previous one. But the "nest" in this case should not have a perpendicular appearance, it will have to be done at an angle, which will allow each next log to be laid in the recess of the previous one. In order to cut "into the bowl", you have to use a tool called the "line". It resembles a compass and is used to perform the correct markup. In each log, a "bowl" is made from below. At the next stage, it is necessary to lay the next log so that the “bowl” on top of the installed beam repeats the outlines of the lower one. This cutting technology allows for excellent stability. designs

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands with a basement, you need to lay the foundation. Suitable for this, for example, a tape base. After erecting the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of walls, they can be assembled by cutting "in half a tree". This technology involves the need to make small holes for the dowels. It is recommended to place them in places that are near the junction of corners. When choosing the length of the veneer, it must be taken into account that it should be enough for more than one crown. You can apply a more popular version of this technology, which provides for the need to fold and install the dowel into the joints of the logs. This will improve the reliability of the corners.

Wall assembly features

What else is needed for a practical solution to the question: "How to build a house from a bar with your own hands?" Projects! You can take as a basis those presented in the article. It will be easiest to assemble walls from profiled timber. Crowns can be fastened together using dowels. They will prevent the log from twisting. You can make such a fastener using wood or steel. The latter option will last much longer, as it is characterized by increased strength. Their installation is carried out through two crowns, and after - through one. Why is a hole made in the log, the diameter of which is 3 cm. The step between the dowels should be at least 1.5 m.

Sealant should be laid between rows. At the points where the external walls are joined, it is recommended to use the so-called "warm corner" lock. To form it, a spike is made in one log, and a groove in the other. Both elements must exactly match each other in terms of parameters. This allows for a rigid structure.

Installation of partitions

Partitions should be cut into the structure of the main walls. In order to build them, you need to use a beam, the cross section of which is 100x150 mm. Engage in the formation of partitions should only be after the construction of the log house. If you have chosen a house project consisting of two floors, then there must be at least one partition on the first floor. She will act as a support.

Work on the floor

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to gradually understand the processes to be performed. For example, it is recommended to assemble the floor using heat insulators. The design of the floor should be double, this will guarantee the preservation of heat in the premises even in cold weather. Initially, a rough floor is mounted. For this, it is recommended to use a cutting board. Usually the material is hemmed from below. But it is worth considering that this technology does not guarantee a reliable design, and the boards can come off. In order to exclude this phenomenon, it is necessary to connect the boards together. At the next stage, the cranial beam comes into play, the fixation of which is carried out to the lags. Insulation is laid between the two layers of the floor.

Ceiling and roof construction

If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the ceiling, or rather, the method of arranging it, should be thought out to the smallest detail. It is also important what material will be used as roofing. It can be roofing material or metal tile. But initially it is necessary to install ceiling beams and rafters, which is done after the walls are erected. The logs should slightly extend beyond the wall, by about 50 cm. As a material for them, it is recommended to use a bar with a cross section of 150x100 mm. Its installation is carried out on the edge with a step of 100 cm.

Then you can proceed to the installation of boards, which will form the basis of the truss system. The fastening must be rigid. Now you can lay the gables, which are formed from a bar 150x150 mm. Do not forget about waterproofing, which must be laid before the arrangement of the ceiling screed. For a log house, it is best to use filler or roll waterproofing.

Formation of openings

If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the instructions will not hurt you. It can be found in this article. It is also important to know how the pigtail is made. It is recommended to make openings after the completion of construction, then the work will be simplified, compared with marking and cutting openings during the laying of walls. We should not forget about the pigtail: this is due to the fact that this process will allow you to leave the structure intact. Among other things, this manipulation has another advantage, which is to prevent displacement of the lateral located crowns during shrinkage.

Completion of the construction process

So, you already know almost everything about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Where to start, we have considered, now we will discuss how to finish. One of the advantages of a wooden house is that its walls do not imply the need to finish them. This applies to both the inner surface and the outer. Moreover, in the first year after the completion of construction, this cannot be done at all, since the house will shrink. The only thing to do with the log is to cover it with protective agents that will not allow the wood to rot and burn. Of course, it will not be possible to make walls absolutely fireproof, but if treated with the appropriate compounds, the tree will not ignite so quickly when exposed to direct flame.

Tools and materials

Finally, we will pay attention to one more important point, without which, by no means, it will not be possible to solve the question of how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Tools (and they need a lot) will be needed by any master - both a beginner and a professional. So, you need to prepare the following minimum set:

• electric or chainsaw;
• hacksaws with large and small teeth;
• drills of different diameters;
• hammers;
• level;
• nail puller;
• several roulettes;
• jointer for processing, etc.

After completion of the work, you can immediately enter the house, which is very much appreciated by consumers. And if you choose a unique project, then your home will look very interesting.

For the construction of country cottages, various wall materials are used, each of which has its own characteristics. Many private developers who want to have an environmentally friendly and comfortable housing that does not require large construction costs choose timber. Today it is possible to build a log house using modern advanced materials and technologies, resulting in a beautiful, reliable and durable cottage. What are houses made of profiled timber, a photo and a description of the construction process in our article.

If you are thinking about how to build a house in the forest, then timber is the best option.

What is a bar

This is a building material that is made from wood by hewing. It has a square or rectangular section. The minimum cross-sectional size is 10 by 10 cm, the maximum is 40 by 40. This is a fairly strong and “warm” natural material that allows you to build houses on light, inexpensive foundations. A bar of resinous wood saturates the premises of the cottage with phytoncides (useful bactericidal substances). In addition, it refers to vapor-permeable materials. Thanks to this, a microclimate favorable for humans is formed inside the house.

The correct geometry of the beam facilitates the process of assembling the log house, and allows you to build walls without cracks and gaps. In the manufacture of timber, it is treated with special compounds that protect it from moisture, insects and rodents, while making the wood fire resistant. After completion of all stages of manufacturing, the material is dried using special equipment, as a result of which it shrinks by about 10%. There is also a bar of natural moisture, which dries (settles) under normal conditions for several months.

Professional developers use the following types of timber to build a house:

profiled;

• insulated.

profiled

This is a wood material with a rectangular cross section, which has recesses designed for the most dense joining of individual bars to each other. The front side of such a bar can be rounded or flat. The inside is usually flat. Profiled material eliminates the possibility of cracks in the wall. Thanks to the recesses, the construction of the log house is very quick and easy.

Glued

Glued laminated timber is made from individual lamellas, which are pre-dried and then glued together with non-toxic glue. Due to the different direction of the fibers in the lamellas, the glued material is very durable. It almost does not shrink. Such a material can have a large length, which increases its versatility in application.

insulated

This version of the beam is distinguished by the presence of a hole between the front and back sides. This hole is filled with cellulose. The result is a material with improved thermal insulation characteristics.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

wood species

Timber for building houses is made from rocks that are less susceptible to rotting and rodent attack than others. Mostly it is larch, spruce or pine. The tree with the most attractive characteristics is larch. It is durable, fireproof, and does not rot even in sea water. The resin secreted by larch acts as a natural antiseptic that protects it from insects. The only disadvantage of this type of wood is the high cost.

Spruce and pine are considered more economical options. Spruce is looser in structure and has many knots. However, with the right approach, high-quality building timber is made from it. Pine is more practical in every way. According to its characteristics, it is second only to larch.

What material to choose

Currently, profiled and glued beams are especially actively used. The choice between these two options is based on their differences. So, glued wood is produced in a wider range of standard sizes. Due to the fact that the lamellas can be “spliced” in length, glued laminated timber can reach 18 linear meters, while profiled material has a length of up to 6 meters.

The thicker the wall elements, the better the walls made of it retain heat. However, solid profiled material with a cross section of more than 200 cm is rarely used, since thick bars are difficult to dry. Glued and here has less restrictions. If desired, you can purchase glued laminated timber with a cross section of 275 mm.

In terms of environmental friendliness, profiled material is considered more attractive, which is made without the use of glue. But in this matter, it should be remembered that responsible manufacturers use adhesives only from the class of safe compounds. In addition, profiled timber also does not remain completely environmentally friendly, since it must be covered with protective substances.

The level of vapor permeability of profiled timber is higher. At the same time, glued material gives minimal shrinkage, has higher strength and is a more fire-resistant type of construction wood. In addition, a house made of glued laminated timber can be prepared for moving in immediately after assembly, and a building made of profiled material should stand for about six months until the shrinkage process is completed. In general, the indicators of glued wood are more acceptable, but profiled wood costs about 30% less, therefore it is in no less demand.

Recently, insulated (or double) timber has been increasingly used. Houses from it are warmer and stronger than from glued, as it is a structure made of wood, insulation and cross joints. Insulated timber weighs less than glued timber, but costs less. However, before building a wooden house from a bar of this type, you need to think carefully about its disadvantages. The main one is the rapid destruction of the insulation, which cannot be replaced in any way.

double beam

Video description

Glued laminated timber and thermal timber differences and the cost of a turnkey house made of thermal timber - see the following video:

Construction stages

The technology of building a house from a bar at home is not particularly different from building a cottage from other building materials. But there are still some nuances.

Project

The engineering basis of a log house should be a high-quality professional project created by specialists who know how to properly build a house from a log. The architectural development takes into account all the characteristics of the material, and uses such solutions that enhance the dignity of wood buildings.

The beam is ideal for building small and medium-sized houses. But if you wish, you can build a large wooden mansion with complex architecture. In any case, the length of the walls is calculated taking into account the standard length of the beam (6 meters). In order for the designed log house to be built quickly, and at the same time a minimum of waste remains, the length of the walls, a multiple of 2 or 3 meters, is included in the project.

Purchase of materials

Materials are purchased in accordance with the architect's calculations. It is very important to purchase all the necessary timber in a single purchase. This is especially true for profiled wood, in which the percentage of moisture content can differ significantly in different batches.

Site preparation

Any construction begins with the preparation of the site. At this stage, old buildings are dismantled, trees and shrubs that may interfere with construction are removed, and the ground is leveled.

Foundation

Timber cottages are built on strip foundations. Such a foundation is equipped in several steps. First, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the future building. Sand and gravel fall asleep at the bottom. All this is well tamped. Next, a wooden formwork is installed and concrete is poured.

Draft floor

The erection of a directly timber building begins with the laying of the lower crowns and the arrangement of the subfloor. At this stage, it is very important to know how to build a house from a bar so that it turns out to be warm and dry. The first step is to ensure effective waterproofing of the foundation. After that, the first crown is laid from carefully processed bars. Next, the floor is mounted.

For the subfloor, logs are first laid - usually with a section of 150 by 100. To increase the reliability of the structure, a paddle is also laid from wider beams. Floor boards are laid across the lag. Put waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier on top. After that, the subfloor is covered with boards 40 mm thick.

Box assembly

The walls of the log house are laid out by layering crowns. All crowns with the help of dowels are pulled together. Internal and external wall structures are erected simultaneously. To fasten the internal partitions on the inside of the front walls, cuts are made through a row, into which the ends of the beams of the partitions are sunk.

Roof

The roof consists of a truss system, lathing for fastening the roofing and the roofing itself. First, the upper crown is pulled together by laying solid beams with a section of 100 by 150. Then they are made of boards and rafter legs are installed. After that, the pediments are laid out.

A crate is constructed for laying the coating. After that, the roof is insulated and the coating is laid.

Windows and doors

Door and window openings are framed with racks. It is very important to provide a competent system of grooves and technological gaps around the openings so that double-glazed windows and doors do not interfere with the natural shrinkage process. Otherwise, wooden elements may deform and crack.

Video description

Installation of plastic windows in a house from a bar

Warming

In the construction of log houses, a practice is often used in which walls are built from a material with a small thickness, and then an insulation system is mounted. You can insulate the house from the outside or from the inside. In order for the wood to last longer, it is better not to cover it with insulation from the outside, but to make internal insulation. In this case, the wooden wall is insulated with hydro and vapor barrier, then a heater is installed, another layer of vapor and waterproofing is installed on top. The warming cake is sewn up with drywall, after which you can decorate the walls with any facing material.

Communications

All communications are brought to the house, according to a pre-prepared project. Particular attention is paid to safety when laying the electrical network and arranging the heating system.

Video description

Communications in a house from a bar

Finishing

Timber walls do not need front finishing. The exception is houses with insulation. Usually, after the construction of the insulation cake, the walls are decorated with natural wood panels so that the facades of the house and its internal walls form a single harmonious composition.

The floor in the house is covered with any floor covering. Usually the floors in timber cottages are quite warm. However, if desired, you can install a "warm floor" system.

The ceiling can be left open or decorated with a stretch fabric. Other ceiling finishes are undesirable due to shrinkage.

Video description

Let's talk about materials, about the entire cycle of the production process, the pros and cons of technology:

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of houses made of glued laminated timber from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses Low-Rise Country.

Conclusion

Every year in the Moscow region more and more actively build a house from a bar. Such houses are being built quite quickly. But if you yourself do not know how to properly build a house from a bar, then professional builders can complete all the stages in a couple of months. The main thing is to take into account the features of the materials and provide everything so that it lasts as long as possible.

For hundreds of years, our ancestors built houses from wood, during this time a lot of new, modern building materials have appeared, but people invariably return to natural materials and wood is rightfully considered the best of them.

Wooden houses:

• warm,
• reliable,
• beautiful,
• durable.

But they have another important advantage, a wooden house is quite easy to build. Having 3 people who know how to use carpentry, locksmith tools as assistants, in one season you can build a good wooden house, from profiled or glued beams, and with your own hands.

Important: You can lay the foundation in advance while it is warm, and build the house itself when the cold comes.

What is a bar

The most popular are two types. Profiled timber is a wooden product, square or rectangular section.

The beam can be even, geometrically regular shape. Or profiled, having a certain profile, which allows the product to be joined more tightly at the junction points.

Glued laminated timber appeared relatively recently, it can be called a product of new, advanced technologies.

Visually, it looks like a profiled one. But the production technology is more complex. Glued laminated timber consists of several layers of wood, fastened using a special technology. It is stronger, more durable and easier to work with.

Important: Profiled timber can shrink up to 50 mm per 1m, depending on the dryness of the timber. Glued laminated timber shrinks, on average, by 10-15 mm.

The thickness of the timber ranges from 90 mm to 275 mm.

The most popular are the profile section:

1. 100 mm by 150 mm.
2. 100 mm by 200 mm.
3. 150 mm by 200 mm.
4. 180 mm by 200 mm.

With a maximum, standard length up to 12m.

Wall length

m

Wall width

m

Wall height

m

Bar section

150x150 mm. 180x180 mm. 200x200 mm.

Beam length

5 m. 6 m. 7 m. 8 m. 9 m. 10 m. 11 m. 12 m.

We are preparing a project

You will not be able to build from a bar without a project.

It is no secret that in the CIS, there are many countries, and the level of bureaucracy is practically the same. We provide a list of the main documents that you will need to prepare.

• A foundation drawing is required, with a detailed description with a full layout by material, composition, depth, etc. As well as detailed data on the soil, composition, quality, groundwater, etc.
• The next number, building plan. You prepare it based on the drawing of the foundation, but also with a detailed description.
• After you need a floor, detailed plan. In it, indicate in detail partitions, stoves, fireplaces, windows, doors, etc.
• Another, really important document, scatter. Simply put, this is a detailed sectional drawing of the walls of a house. By unloading, you will be able to place an order for the manufacture of timber, it will be made for you and marked as a designer. Then just look at the numbers and collect.
• Specification of every detail of the house.
• Detailed drawing of the roof, with a detailed description of all layers.
• Final view of the house.

Please note: take seriously the description of the timber itself, what kind of wood, what kind of profile, the level of dryness of the timber, etc. This will eliminate misunderstandings when ordering.

The package of documents is solid, of course, you can rest, although the work is painstaking, but you yourself are quite capable. But my advice is don't waste your time. The collection of papers may take longer than the construction itself. Trust the professionals, they will be happy to help you on our website and it will cost you much less than amateur performance.

Foundation laying

To build houses from a bar, a capital, expensive foundation is not required. These structures are relatively light in weight.

For construction

1. Shallow strip foundation. This type of foundation is laid in a trench and has a maximum depth of up to 50 cm.
2. Mixed or strip-column foundation. This type is similar to tape. But in all important nodes, it has reinforcement in the form of concrete pillars.
3. Columnar. This foundation is based on pillars connected by a concrete or metal grillage.
4. On screw metal piles or piles with screws. A product of modern technology. Metal, corrosion-resistant piles are screwed into the ground and connected with a grillage. The foundation is convenient, also because it is easily repaired.
5. On wooden piles, at the present time it is rarely used, since the tree, no matter how you process it, still deteriorates in the ground.
6. On concrete piles. The foundation is excellent, but expensive. To drive a concrete pile, you will need special construction equipment.

In order to build from a bar, the first 4 options are enough. The instructions below, with minor amendments, are suitable for the first 3 types of foundation.

Tape

• Any foundation starts with markings. For marking, we use ordinary wooden pegs and fishing line. At a distance of 30-40 cm from the projected wall, we drive in the pegs and pull the fishing line.
• The body of the foundation will be indicated not by driven pegs, but by a fishing line.

Important: after stretching the fishing line, you should measure the diagonals. The distance along the diagonals must be strictly the same. Even the slightest discrepancy speaks of wrong angles, and you will get an asymmetrical foundation.

• We take out the soil to a depth of 50 cm. Consider the thickness of the formwork. Control the bottom of the trench by level.
• Next, we make 2 pillows up to 10 cm each. Sand, plus gravel.
• We proceed to the installation of formwork.
• We invest in waterproofing, the most budget option, this is roofing material or thick, technical polyethylene.
• We weld or knit a reinforcing, metal frame.
• We fill it with concrete, it is better to fill it all at once, in a complex way. Order a mixer, pour the foundation in one go and wait for it to harden.
• Remove the formwork, and in its place pour a cushion of rubble.

mixed foundation

It differs from the previous tape one by the presence of reinforcing pillars at the corners of the structure and at the most stressed nodes. Therefore, to the above, instructions for pouring the pillars with your own hands are added.

• We drill a hole under each post, to a depth of 1m.
• We make a similar mastering of sand and gravel.
• We turn the pipe from the roofing material into 2-3 layers and fix it with adhesive tape.
• We insert the pipe into the pit, mount the reinforcing cage, 200 mm high above the general level of the foundation.
• Before the main pour, make the sole of the pillar. To do this, pour the solution into the pipe and raise the pipe, allowing the solution to spread. When the solution hardens a little, start pouring the entire foundation.

Column type foundation

The pillars in this foundation can be made, as in the previous version, from concrete. So lay out from a brick, in the form of a curbstone.

Just lay out the cabinet with a well, and insert the reinforcing cage inside and fill it with concrete.

Himself, the cabinets are set according to the level and a grillage is mounted on them.

The grillage can be concrete, then formwork is made on the pillars in the form of a bath, waterproofed, reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. Or welded from metal, which is attached to the reinforcing cage of the pillars.

Making crowns

Crowns, this is the first row of timber. To build a good house from a bar, carefully consider the installation of the crowns.

The video in this article clearly shows the installation of dowels.

Making the floor

At this stage, you should lay the foundation of the floor, a draft version. The final finish will be done along with the interior decoration.

If you are building a relatively small building, sauna or garden house. It will be quite enough for you to lay an additional belt of timber along the perimeter, fasten it with a crown and mount logs on this belt.

But if the house occupies a large area, the approach will be somewhat different.

With a large quadrature, separate pedestals should be laid out to support the floor, something similar to a separate foundation for the floor.

• Depending on the composition of the soil, we lay the columns to a depth of half a meter.
• We make them square 40x40 or 50x50. Bookmark step from 50 to 90 cm.
• In layers up to about 10 cm, we lay and compact sand and gravel.
• We make a small reinforcing cage, up to 10 cm high, install it and fill it with concrete.
• Next, we waterproof this base and lay out a cabinet of bricks, to the level of the beams.
• We lay down the waterproofing again and mount the beams.
• We grab the logs to the beams with self-tapping screws.
• Between the lag, with the help of a corner, we mount waterproof plywood.
• We waterproof and glue all joints with adhesive tape.
• We lay the insulation on top and cover it with a subfloor.

Building walls

If you did everything right before that, then building walls from a beam with your own hands will not be difficult for you.

• The profiled beam already has special grooves, they will facilitate the connection.
• Corner connection do as you like, there are 3 types of corner connection:

1. Back to back.
2. Half a tree.
3. By means of a root spike.

• Be sure to lay insulation between the timber.
• Control each laid beam by level and fix it with a dowel.
• In the window area, leave technological gaps for shrinkage.

Important: when you put a load-bearing wall or supporting columns under the roof in the house, you should not rigidly fasten them to the roof at first. Take self-tapping screws and that's enough. When the house begins to sit down and walk, you will have to adjust the height of the support. When you sit down, fix it completely.

This video will tell you about the intricacies of building walls.

Starting roof installation

The roof is a rather important stage of construction, but you can mount it yourself.

• First, knock down a template from light boards. On it you will install the rafters.
• Next, set the beginning and end of the construction according to the template.
• Between the installed rafters, at control points, according to the level, we stretch the strings from the fishing line.
• Focusing on the strings, controlling the level and template, we mount the rest of the rafters.
• We fill the crate on top and fasten it with a stapler under the bottom, overlapping the vapor barrier.
• Under the vapor barrier, between the rafters, we lay the insulation, close it with another layer of vapor barrier.
• Next, we finally fix the bottom layer of the crate, it is already possible to attach the lining to it according to your taste and wallet.
• From above, the most budget option is to cover the roofing material on the upper crate and slate sheets on top of it.

After a hard working week, you always want to have a good rest. And for this you need to go to nature outside the city, to your home. You can build a house from a bar with your own hands, having a small plot of land. It can be landscaped independently, to conduct water and heating there, to make a sewer system. You will want to spend every free day in this house, and eventually even move into it.

Summer cottage design

A log house is built without experience in construction in several stages:

• design;
• laying the foundation;
• laying crowns;
• roof;
• finishing and laying of communication systems.

The beam has a rectangular shape, which allows you to initially obtain uniform walls and reduce construction time. An important point is also that it can only be used for the construction of houses up to a maximum of the 3rd floor. It has a few more positive features:

• good operational properties;
• ecologicaly clean;
• design and others.

In a wooden house, it is warm enough due to the tight fit of wooden elements during construction. Wooden houses are also beneficial in that interior and exterior decoration is quite easy, you can use various decorative elements.

Before moving on to the construction of a summer house, you need to make its project and calculate how much this construction costs.

It is better to order a building project from construction companies. Their technical specialists will calculate everything to the smallest detail in terms of soil features, construction technology, the amount of material, and even find you a developer.

But in order to save money, it is better to independently develop drawings, calculate the number and cost of elements. In the case of the construction of several floors, the project must have floor plan drawings. With a finished project, you need to contact a special institution to obtain a permit to build a house.

If you have made or ordered a drawing, then after receiving the appropriate signatures and an approved project, we proceed to the foundation.

Foundation laying

The main structural element of any building is the foundation. Before creating a project, it is very important to decide on the type of foundation for the house. If a mistake is made at the beginning of construction, then an incorrectly designed foundation will lead to negative consequences during the operation of the house and serious problems will arise, such as:

• warp base;
• cracks in the supporting structure;
• deformation and others.

The reliability of the foundation of the building is the durability and quality of construction.

There are several types of foundation used in the construction of country houses:

• from screw piles;
• tape and others.

In areas outside the city, where soil moisture is increased, a foundation of screw piles is often used.

Its advantages are the following:

• savings in 2-3 times (compared to the strip foundation);
• easy to do yourself;
• construction time - 1-2 days;
• high reliability;
• You can work with him at any time of the year;
• application for complex terrain.

As practice shows, this structure should be erected and poured on its own, since it will come out much cheaper and more reliable than the work of the so-called "specialists".

The most popular basis for today in building houses. Its advantage is that any house can be built on it, it is durable and less expensive. The base is quite strong, much less building materials are used for it, and the time allotted for work is reduced significantly.

How to make a strip foundation yourself:

1. First, mark the area around the perimeter of the house.
2. Then we denote the location of the internal walls (bearing). The width of the dug trenches must exceed the width of the walls by at least 10 cm, and the depth must be above the level of soil freezing, but not less than 0.6 m.
3. Pillows of crushed stone and sand (10 cm each), covered in a trench, must be filled with half a smaller layer of concrete (5 cm).
4. Formwork made from a 2.5 cm board must be installed so that its top above ground level (about 0.4 m) is visible.
5. For reinforcement, 1 cm rods are used in two layers. The structure of them is laid longitudinally, then transversely, and the intersections are fixed with a strong wire with a gap of about 5 cm.
6. For concreting use the popular type of cement M400. To mix the solution, it is taken together with sand in a ratio of 1: 3.
7. Concrete is poured into the trenches with a special pump or shovel.

The main thing is to prevent the appearance of bubbles before solidification. This is done using special technology. The surface of the concrete (not hardened) is periodically sprinkled with water.

After pouring, the construction of the house is suspended for a month. This is necessary so that the concrete hardens and prepares to take on a large load.

Construction of a building

How to build a house from a bar with your own hands? To build a warm and cozy cottage, you should seriously consider the choice of materials. As practice shows, it is better to use timber from coniferous trees, as it is strong and durable. There are two types:

• profiled;
• whole.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Profiled timber

It differs from the solid one in that it has crown grooves or spikes over the entire surface. Building a house from it is quite easy and fast.

The advantages of such a building:

• excellent thermal performance;
• modern design;
• smooth walls that do not require additional cladding;
• the design does not allow moisture to get into the interventional seam.

• highly flammable (to eliminate this drawback, it should be impregnated with special means);
• requires insulation on both sides when living in the cold season;
• redevelopment in a house built from profiled timber is impossible.

This material should be chosen with a moisture content of no more than 20% (it is achieved in special dryers for wood).

Solid timber

It has many advantages, but it looks bad on the outside. The process of preparing it for laying is quite fast. You can buy material in any construction company and in the construction market at the lowest cost.

How to build a house from solid elements after choosing the material:

• it is worth preparing for the fact that there will be additional costs for its decoration (siding, lining) to give a more aesthetic appearance;
• wood use only the highest quality; before use, it should be treated with antiseptic agents (to prevent the appearance of fungus).

In solid rails, interventional seams are weaker than in profile ones. With shrinkage and subsidence of the tree, cracks and cracks appear. Eliminate them with the help of sheathing, which leads to additional costs.

We build a house from solid elements:

1. We perform the first crown on a double layer of waterproofing, which is laid on the foundation. The quality factor of the building depends on its assembly. As a rule, elements with a size of 150x150 mm are used.
2. The insulation is laid 0.3 meters more than the width of the foundation itself.
3. Then we assemble the walls from a bar, which we pre-treat without fail with an antiseptic. You need to process each rail.

The tree is laid out in rows. If the beam is solid, its grooves are additionally insulated with a special material. For strength, the elements can be connected with special spikes.

Roof of a wooden house

The roof, as the final stage in the construction of a building, must also look efficient and original. To begin with, a power plate is laid (it is better to use elements 150x150) and attach it with hardware to the crown.

The frame of the rafters sets the shape of the roof. All parameters of the truss system are pre-specified in the project. Rails up to 180 mm wide and 50 mm thick are fastened with steel plates.

We install the rafter frame and cover it with a layer of high-quality vapor barrier. Then we mount the crate (across the rafters) with nails. The distance between the rails will depend on the type of roofing material:

• tiles - solid (slats end-to-end);
• slate, corrugated board - with a distance of 0.3 m.

It is worth remembering that a wooden house "shrinks" within a few years. During this period, you can live there, but it is strictly forbidden to finish and revet.

- planed timber (inexpensive, easy to use, has standard parameters; but, at the same time, it always requires thorough drying, does not differ in a perfectly even surface and geometrically exact same dimensions);

- profiled timber (it has its own fastening system “thorn-groove” or wavy “comb”; but for perfect laying, it is better to buy this type of timber with a margin - this will make it more likely that fasteners from different batches will fit together);

- glued laminated timber (ideal for building a house without construction experience, due to its small shrinkage, working with it allows you to simultaneously perform other construction tasks; but when purchasing this raw material, you need to monitor its quality, density and uniformity of the lamellas).

General tips for self-building a house from a bar.

1. The “gold standard” for timber is considered to be a section of 100x150 or 150x150 mm.

2. Tree annual rings should be evenly spaced along the entire length of the timber, preferably in its center.

3. Coniferous trees are the undisputed leaders among the suppliers of raw materials for future beams.

4. All beams used must be the same in length, width, curves, thickness, and so on.

First, we make drawings of the future home, make measurements on the ground and the corresponding calculations. You can sketch a project of a house from a bar yourself or turn to specialists. After creating the project, we determine the amount of material required, purchase it, and we can begin direct work on the house.

Before choosing what type of foundation you will lay under the foundation of the house, you will need to answer questions such as:

- what features of the structure can affect the foundation?

- what type of soil prevails in your area and how far from the surface is groundwater?

It will also be necessary to take into account a number of desirable recommendations for arranging the foundation:

- if piles are involved in the process of work, then it is also recommended to use a grillage so that there are no gaps between the ground and the house;

- the lower crown should be located above the ground at a distance of at least 50 cm;

- if reinforcement is used for the construction of the foundation, then its knitting in places of strong bends is permissible only with the help of metal fasteners manually, but it is better not to use welding in this case - this can destroy the very structure of the material.

The most popular options for the foundation for a house made of timber are tape, shallow and pile. Tape is good for buildings with cellars and basements, shallow - for sandy soil, pile - for loose and all other types of soil.

The first crown is usually laid on additional boards to avoid possible moisture on the timber. These boards are impregnated with antiseptics and act as a kind of link between the foundation and the lower crown. Under them, you can also lay waterproofing - this will provide decent protection from moisture from the surface of the earth.

Also, the first crown can be placed on the cross rails, immediately leaving small gaps between them for proper ventilation of the base. Because of this, this option is considered more rational.

An important point - when laying the crowns, you should constantly monitor the correct height of the structure, and using the building level - monitor the evenness of the laying of the timber and the entire surface as a whole.

The crowns are fastened together with special dowels, grooves or ridges, and corner joints are made in half a beam / in a bowl / paw / warm corner (optional). In addition, construction logs are cut into the first or second crown for laying the future floor. A sealant (for example, jute) must be laid between all the crowns.

At the same time, during the laying of the crowns, all seams and joints must be sealed, and the walls must be impregnated with fire protection solutions.

To create openings, you can try the following option - in the places of the planned doors and windows, the bars can be laid out shorter at the distance from each other into which your window or future door will fit. When using this technology, dowels should be mounted on both sides of the opening.

If this method seems too laborious to you, then cutting out suitable holes in a solid wall structure from a bar is another option, however, in this case, you will have extra building material that could initially be used with greater benefit. Although, on the other hand, the use of this method will make it possible to more accurately calculate the parameters of windows and doors, since cutting can be done at the stage of complete drying of the timber and acquiring the final appearance after shrinkage.

It is customary to make floors in houses made of timber in the same way as in any wooden building - in the form of flooring on logs or special beams that serve as ceilings. We put a draft and finishing floor with additional thermal insulation and insulation. The flooring is left to the discretion and imagination of the owner, and the ceiling is already done at the finish line, in the complex of finishing works - it can be sheathed with siding, clapboard, and so on, or you can leave hanging beams and additional ceilings as decoration.

We take care of the roof.

If you don’t be smart, then it’s probably better not to find an ordinary gable roof option. This type of roof involves the rigid fastening of the rafters and the arrangement of additional frame gables. The roof itself can also be made of wood - it is assembled from bars on the ground, then lifted up and fixed in the form of a single bar. On top of such a rafter system, a crate is mounted, on which the direct material for the construction of the roof is attached - tiles, slate, ondulin, metal tiles.

During the final drying of the timber from which the house is built, the formation of gaps in the structure is almost inevitable, through which valuable heat will be lost. In this regard, it is better to caulk all seams, joints and alleged weak points with jute even before this stage.

It will also be useful to paint the walls of a house made of timber - in addition to external beauty, varnishes and paint will protect the tree from UV rays and precipitation. Before painting, of course, it would be useful to grind the entire surface of the walls.

But as for such popular finishing options as the use of siding, sandwich panels and the like, then it is undoubtedly worth considering - log houses are mostly good on their own (see photo) and do not require additional decoration. The maximum that is allowed here is the use of varnishes and paints. However, this side of the issue always remains at the discretion of the owner of such a facility.

The minimum set of tools that you should have at hand:

- an ax and a hammer;

- nails, self-tapping screws, screws, dowels;

- jute or other heat-insulating material;

- electric screwdriver;

- perforator;

- building level and tape measure;

- electric drill and power saw.

About what else will be useful to know for building a house from a bar, we look at the video.