Insulation of the floor covering is one of the main tasks for providing a warm and cozy microclimate in the living space. If your apartment is located on the first floor high-rise building, and there is a basement under you, floor insulation is not recommended to be neglected. This question is also relevant for the floor surface from the side of the basement in a private or country house.
Appointment of floor insulation
The heat exchange process in private houses or apartments in a multi-storey building often directly depends on the design of the floor surface. Since it is the floor surface that is the area where heat disappears the fastest. This is due to the fact that a material such as concrete is used in construction. Thanks to performance and long term service concrete is one of the most commonly used materials for the manufacture of floor base. Nevertheless, despite a large number of merit, the concrete base is an extremely cold material.
When applied concrete base for the floor, it is imperative to produce high-quality thermal insulation. Otherwise, any heating system will be extremely inefficient.
The cold surface of the floor will cause discomfort from being in an apartment or on the ground floor of a private house. Uncomfortable conditions will lead to an increase in heating costs. And the floor surface of a private house, under which the basement is located, in the absence of a heat-insulating layer, provokes the appearance of fungal deposits and mold on the wall surface.
In order to avoid such unpleasant difficulties in the future, it is recommended to high-quality insulation floor covering. It is worth noting that the procedure for warming the floor surface is quite easy.
In the presence of required material and a set of tools you can do it yourself, without resorting to the services of specialists.
The underground from below in your house must be dealt with, it should not be unheated. Under the floor can be further processed with polynor, which is more suitable for brick house. And also choose the right device for heating.
Material selection
Today, the construction market is rich in the presence of many types of material intended for warming the floor surface. Insulation material can be presented in the form of a loose mixture, liquid, rolls or blocks. And regardless of the choice of insulation material, it will perfectly cope with its function. Let us consider in more detail each of the above types of insulation.
Block insulation
Blocky insulation material presented in the form of a slab or mat. It has a low thermal conductivity and low weight. Block insulation is perfect for use from the basement.
Due to the low coefficient of thermal conductivity, it is recommended to use insulating blocks and mats in combination with roll insulation. This will increase the overall thermal insulation of the floor surface.
In the manufacture of an insulating block or mat, materials such as mineral wool, foam plastic, basalt fiber and other materials with a composite structure are used.
Loose insulation
Loose insulation mixtures for the floor surface include several materials.
- Expanded clay gravel. It has a light porous structure, and the firing of clay or shale is used for its production.
- Shavings or sawdust. Waste obtained after working with wood.
- Styrofoam crumb. Presented in the form of light spherical granules, which are foamed with isopentane gas or produced from the remains of expanded polystyrene. It is a durable and environmentally friendly material, widely used in construction and repair work.
- Slag waste. They are a valuable raw material in the field of industrial and road construction works. The main consumption of this material is in the cement industry, which currently uses approximately 23 million tons of granulated blast-furnace slags each year.
The use of bulk insulation materials is necessary to fill the free space between the floor surface and its foundation. Loose insulation material is allowed to be used on open field and in a building that has an underground or a full-fledged basement. All types of bulk insulation material can be laid using two methods: manual and compressor (you need a special compressor machine).
This kind of insulation is able to fill the entire space, including such hard-to-reach places like cracks. Among the shortcomings of this material, shrinkage characteristic of all bulk materials can be distinguished. When the bulk heat-insulating material dries, moisture evaporates, as a result of which the particles that are part of the material begin to approach each other. The result of this process is a decrease overall size material.
Hand warmer
rolled heat-insulating insulation can be presented in the form mineral wool, any kind composite material, which has a cork base or any kind of multilayer insulation, which is based on foil.
The thickness of the roll insulation varies, but the most common is a value of eight to ten centimeters.
liquid insulation
Liquid insulation is cement mortar, which contains foam chips, wood shavings, expanded clay gravel and other bulk insulation materials. Such a solution, with all the necessary building materials and tools can be prepared independently at home. If necessary, it is possible to purchase ready-made foam-based insulation material.
With special equipment, it is quite easy to apply. After curing, the insulation foam technical specifications close to foam plastic. For the manufacture of "penoizol" they use: polymeric carbamide resin, filtered water, phosphoric acid, designed to accelerate the hardening process of the main components and a foaming element that contains approximately two percent vitriol oil.
Warming process
For implementation proper insulation floor surface, it is necessary to dismantle the old flooring. Dismantling is recommended to be carried out carefully and carefully for, possibly, its reuse. In order to insulate the floor from the side of the basement, it is necessary to take into account the loads that occur on all layers of the structure. To minimize them, the insulation material is laid in a strictly defined order.
But first you need to prepare the following set of tools that will be needed for the procedure for warming the floor surface:
- drill - screwdriver;
- screwdrivers;
- a hammer,
- level for determining deviations on a vertical and horizontal surface,
- construction knife.
The procedure for floor insulation begins with the dismantling of the old floor covering. After its implementation, it is recommended to check the status of all lags. Faulty lags must be replaced.
After that, it is definitely recommended to treat with an antifungal antiseptic.. In the future, this will prevent the formation of mold and fungal deposits on the surface of the log. After the antifungal antiseptic has completely dried, you can start laying the insulation material.
The insulation material you have chosen is carefully placed in the free space between the lags. In the presence of high logs, laying in two layers is allowed. AT this case recommended to combine different types heaters in equal proportions, for example, a layer of loose insulation with roll material. After that, the vapor barrier film is laid. It serves as a barrier to the occurrence of moisture and its penetration into the floor structure inside the living space. And also it does not allow condensation to form on the insulation material, protecting the structure from fungal deposits and mold. A plywood board is placed on top of the vapor barrier film.
Before laying parquet, linoleum, tiles or other flooring on the surface of the plywood, it is recommended to use an underlay with a thickness of at least three centimeters.
Warming in the basement
If possible, you can make additional insulation work from the basement side. It is produced on the ceiling surface of the basement. To do this, it is recommended to give preference to foam blocks, since it is this material that does an excellent job with high humidity. Foam blocks are glued to ceiling surface using a specialized adhesive, which you can purchase at any hardware store.
After the adhesive is completely dry, the joints between foam blocks will need to be sealed with foam. Excess foam is removed with a knife.
One of the most common and important issues a private house made of wood is a cold floor. This is due to the outflow from the ground of cold air currents that penetrate through the cracks. In order for the room to be warm and comfortable, it is necessary to carry out floor insulation in wooden house from below. How to do it, what materials are used for this and the main points installation work described in this article.
Helpful advice! Working with cotton wool requires special protective clothing for the body, gloves and goggles. This is due to the fact that during the installation work, small fibers are separated from the plates. They can cause skin irritation and itching.
Floor insulation with expanded clay
Expanded clay is a small round porous balls of slate or clay. They are obtained by firing materials in a furnace at high temperature. Expanded clay is considered safe and environmentally friendly. pure material. Among its advantages are:
- high sound insulation;
- resistance to low temperatures;
- environmental safety for humans.
A noticeable disadvantage of this material is the compaction under its own weight. Expanded clay balls are pressed together. This leads to an increase in the weight of the substance and a decrease in thermal insulation properties.
Helpful advice! You should not choose this material for floor insulation in a wooden house on screw piles. An increase in the mass of the floor covering can lead to subsidence of the foundation of the structure.
Using sawdust for floor insulation
Sawdust is a waste product of the woodworking industry. They have good steam and sound insulation characteristics, retain heat, and are environmentally friendly for humans. Sawdust are of low cost. The resulting thermal effect is not worse than that of expensive materials. Thanks to the cement component, they are also well suited for floor insulation in a ground floor apartment. Subsequently, laminate, linoleum, tiles, etc. can be laid on such a screed.
Before use, sawdust is subjected to special processing. This helps to prevent the appearance of rodents and beetles in them. After, they are mixed with cement and water and evenly applied over the entire floor area.
Helpful advice!Clay can be used instead of mortar. This material is environmentally friendly and has better thermal insulation characteristics than cement.
Sawdust is ideal for insulating floors on the ground, especially if the building does not have a solid and solid foundation.
Floor insulation with foam
Popular floor insulation with polystyrene foam. Most often, this material is called foam. The advantages of this heater:
- low vapor and sound permeability;
- low thermal conductivity;
- resistant to external factors and chemicals;
- does not lose its properties for a long time;
- easy to install.
A significant disadvantage of polystyrene is its susceptibility to moisture. He can absorb it into himself. This negatively affects the main performance characteristics. He is also afraid of the effects of fire and high temperatures. But the simple and inexpensive technology of floor insulation with polystyrene is its significant advantage. This is what, in most cases, the owner of the house is guided by.
Helpful advice! If your cottage or private house located on land with close occurrence ground water or a high risk of flooding, you should not choose foam as a heater. If the choice has already been made, you should take care of good waterproofing.
Ecowool
Polyurethane foam (ecowool) - great way solve the issue of floor insulation in an apartment on the ground floor and a private house (dacha). This material is blown into the free space using a compressor. So it evenly fills all the voids. Fine particles that make up ecowool provide excellent vapor barrier. The material is not exposed to moisture, so additional waterproofing is not needed during its installation. This allows you to reduce the cost of insulation.
Related article:
How to put it in correctly. Peculiarities different types heaters. Floor maintenance tips. Popular manufacturers and cost of materials.
After hardening, a solid, even layer is obtained. It handles loads very well. Light weight does not increase the weight of the structure. The service life of this heater is more than 20 years.
A significant disadvantage of ecowool is the need to use a special industrial equipment.
Helpful advice! Professionals say that when insulating with this material, waterproofing is not needed. However, when insulating the floor in a country house without a foundation, it is better to lay an additional waterproofing layer.
Penofol: floor insulation
Combination of polyethylene foam and thin layer aluminum foil called penofol. It is sold as a rolled roll. The thickness of the seal is from 3 to 10 mm. Penofol retains heat well, is environmentally friendly, has high sound insulation.
Retains heat well
The big disadvantage of this material is exposure to moisture due to the presence of aluminum foil in the composition. Another disadvantage is that penofol does not differ in long-term operation. After five years it is necessary to carry out re-insulation.
The main points of the installation work
All materials used for floor insulation have their own fixing methods. However, there are highlights of the thermal protection device. They are recommended to be observed when installing any material.
The order of arrangement of the main layers when installing floor insulation in a wooden house with your own hands:
- waterproofing layer;
- thermal insulation layer;
- vapor barrier material;
- direct structural elements of the floor;
- flooring.
Experts say that such an arrangement of the main layers will allow you to get the optimal thermal regime inside the room. This technology maintains the necessary circulation of moisture in the house.
Helpful advice! When insulating the floor ground floor in a wooden house, you can choose beams with a cross section of 50 to 100 mm. They are fixed from below, and a layer of insulation is laid between them. The additionally obtained "pie" should be sewn up with boards.
Waterproofing
When insulating the floor in a private house, you can not do without waterproofing. Due to the ability of cold air to condense on a warm surface, the wood floor is exposed to moisture. Its constant presence in the room leads to the active development of fungus, mold and causes decay of the structure itself. Especially if special tools were not used during the construction of the house.
When laying thermal insulation without a waterproofing layer, the effect of moisture negatively affects the heat-conducting properties of the material. The result is an increase in humidity in the room and a decrease in temperature. Waterproofing helps to avoid these unpleasant moments.
A waterproofing layer is laid from the side of exposure to cold air currents.
Vapor barrier
Human heat and equipment operating in the home emit warm air. It passes through the ceiling and condenses when it encounters cold air. The problem with this phenomenon is that moisture settles inside the structure. As a result, the tree swells and begins to rot from the inside. prevent this process processing by special means will not work. Therefore, when insulating the floor in a wooden house from below with foam or other material, the presence of a vapor barrier is mandatory.
When carrying out installation work from below, the vapor barrier layer is laid first. The simplest and available material for this is a plastic film. It is excellent for both steam and waterproofing.
The presence of such layers in the flooring should be designed in advance. If this was not done on time, then it is necessary to lay the film immediately after putting the house into operation.
Helpful advice! An excellent material for hydro- and vapor barriers are moisture-windproof membranes. This material allows air to circulate and retains moisture from it inside. It can be used when insulating the floor with penofol or other insulation.
The main stages of laying insulation
The best installation option is laying floor insulation along the logs. These cross boards are used for subsequent flooring.
The main stages of work:
- a log is installed on the finished foundation. The recommended distance between the bars is not more than 1-1.2 m;
- after that, thick plywood is installed or chipboard sheets. They are fixed with self-tapping screws. This is how the base is prepared for laying the heat-insulating layer;
- insulation is laid between the wooden lags. Depending on the material used, the thickness of this layer may vary. In any case, it should not exceed the size of the lag itself;
- then a layer of waterproofing is laid. Although this step is recommended by experts for maximum effect, it can be skipped. This is due to the resistance of some materials to moisture;
- Now you can lay the flooring. It may be old. Or it can be replaced with a new one.
Compliance with this sequence will allow you to insulate the wooden floor with foam or other insulation.
Features insulation with sawdust
Floor insulation with sawdust - environmentally friendly and affordable way keep warm in the house. When choosing this heater, you must adhere to a number of recommendations:
- in the prepared mixture of sawdust with cement or clay, add broken glass. This will prevent the appearance of rodents. Do not forget about the use of special solutions;
- the mixture consists of five parts of sawdust, one part of cement (clay) and half of water. This proportion must be observed. When mixing a steeper solution, you will get a durable insulation, but with a low thermal conductivity;
- carefully fill the voids between the lags. This will allow you to get an even layer of insulation. If this technology is not maintained, the thermal insulation will be “leaky”, and the floor will remain cold.
Helpful advice! Due to the large number of insulation materials on the market and the time spent on preparing the mixture, sawdust is rarely used for insulation. However, they will help solve the issue of isolation with a limited financial budget.
Features of foam insulation
Due to its high strength and affordable cost, foam floor insulation in a wooden house is more common than other materials.
Among the features of the installation of this insulation, we note the following points:
- penoplex is laid between the lags and fastened to the floor from below with mounting glue;
- it is necessary to accurately and tightly fit the edges of the plates. This will avoid the penetration of cold air;
- joints are additionally glued for maximum adhesion;
- a waterproofing layer is required. This is especially important for a private house or cottage in a swampy area;
- before laying foam wooden bars and crossbars are processed special solution. This will avoid rotting and the appearance of bugs.
Helpful advice! If you live in apartment building, then the choice of penoplex as a heater for the floor - The best decision. This material is laid in a thin layer and does not affect the height of the room.
Due to its light weight, penoplex is great for floor insulation in frame house. The load on the foundation of the building will be minimal. This will avoid shrinkage of the house over time.
The main points of expanded clay insulation
The laying of this insulation takes place according to the technology described above. However, there are a number of features that you need to be aware of. To conduct floor insulation in a wooden house with expanded clay, you must:
- be sure to lay a pillow of sand. It is poured in an even layer and carefully rammed;
- a layer is applied on top of this pillow liquid mastic. It plays the role of waterproofing;
- now expanded clay falls asleep. In order for the layer to be as even as possible and without voids, it is recommended to use a material of different fractions. This will allow the granules to fit closer to each other;
- vapor barrier is required. Only after it can the main flooring be laid.
Due to the significant weight of this material, it is better to insulate a wooden floor with expanded clay with a solid foundation.
Do-it-yourself warming of a wooden floor in a house: video
Today, there are a lot of educational videos on the Internet. self-assembly insulation. Viewing them will allow you to understand the technology of work, the principles of choice and the main stages of laying materials. In addition, these videos contain a large number of useful points. So you can find out, for example, about the correct filling of the floor screed with insulation with polystyrene foam.
In order for the floor in the house to turn out to be warm, it is necessary to take into account many nuances. Right choice insulation plays an important role in this. When choosing a material for yourself, you should not start from the price or installation technology. Consider the type of building, the nuances of the landscape and the features of the operation of the house (permanent or seasonal). Based on this, you can choose the perfect floor insulation.
There are two ways to solve the problem of floor insulation in the house: thermal insulation material in a residential area or insulate the basement ceiling.
If the house is in use, it is problematic to implement the first option: you will have to move the furniture and remove the coating. The second remains - floor insulation from the bottom of the basement.
Basement ceiling insulation options
The most common heat-insulating material is (PPS). Insulation of the basement ceiling with polystyrene foam from the inside is an economical and simple option.
The material has the following properties:
- non-hygroscopic;
- minimum thermal conductivity;
- there is no vapor permeability.
There are many modifications, up to XPS - extruded polystyrene foam, consisting of closed cells filled with an inert gas.
polystyrene foam 
The higher the density of the material, the greater its strength, the thinner the layer required for insulation and the lower the risk of mechanical damage.
For insulation, plates with a density of 35 kilograms per cubic meter are used, the layer thickness is up to 10 cm. Loose grades of material are fragile, they are gnawed by mice to build nests.
All types belong to different groups flammability, from G1 to G4. Styrofoam releases toxic fumes when burned. Combustibility is reduced by adding a flame retardant: such PPS becomes self-extinguishing. For any construction work, it is recommended to purchase modifications with impregnation.
Basement ceiling insulation technology:
1. Attach the slabs to the concrete floor tile adhesive with additional fixation with umbrella dowel-nails.
2. Foam the seams.
Mineral wool insulation of the basement ceiling from the inside can be done in two ways, frameless and frame. In the first case, installation is carried out similarly to PPS:
- fix the plates on the floor with glue;
- fix with "umbrellas";
- plaster facade plaster with fiberglass reinforcement.
This option is feasible only with rigid facade slabs and only in a dry basement. In other cases, a wireframe is used:
1. The ceiling is sheathed with drywall profiles.
2. Cotton wool is placed between the profiles.
4. Sew up with waterproof drywall, fiberboard sheets or other similar material.
Sometimes, before being placed in the frame, mineral wool blanks are hermetically packed in polyethylene or vapor-tight and the seams are sealed with mounting tape.
The option is energy-intensive, but provides one hundred percent protection of the insulation from getting wet.
Another option is to insulate the ceiling in the basement of the house with foam glass plates.
This material does not absorb moisture and is alkali resistant - an important property when used in combination with plaster.
Its cons:
- the mass is on average three times greater than that of mineral wool;
- much higher price.
The maximum allowable thickness of thermal insulation is 10 cm. Within these limits, it is possible to fasten the plates with glue and the dowel with nails in increments of 20 cm. If more, a frame is required, but it should be borne in mind that foam glass will create a large load on the ceiling.
When mounted on glue, the plates are treated with plaster and fiberglass, with wireframe method sewn up with waterproof sheets.
Sectional insulation
Floor insulation in a house or apartment is carried out in order to keep warm in the living space, because often basements cold and unused. In some cases, the basement is heated and used for different purposes, then there will be no problems with it. But if this is not the case, you will have to insulate the floor from the basement, but you can do it different ways and materials.
Warming methods
Work can be done in several ways, while using both the basement ceiling and the floor itself. It is the latter that is the point at which heat is lost the most, especially if it is made of concrete - a cold material. Heating will not be effective unless the concrete is closed off from the wind and cold.
When the basement is also damp, mold can form in the apartment itself, which has a bad effect on the health of the residents, and the people themselves will often get sick due to the cold and high humidity. To prevent moisture from entering the dwelling, it is also necessary to carry out waterproofing. If you know what materials to use and what kind of tools are used for work, even the owner without special skills can complete the task.
Laying thermal insulation in the crate In the case of thermal insulation from the side of the basement, it is necessary to finish its ceiling, thereby protecting the ceiling from the cold from the side of the house. This option does not include wide choice materials, it can be sheet or board materials, they can be placed on the ceiling with glue, or fixed with dowel-nails. more expensive but effective solution there will be liquid polyurethane foam, which requires certain skills.
To insulate the ceiling in the upper part, you can use bulk materials, or build in a “warm floor” system, which will be electric or water types. Most efficient system is achieved if the construction of the pie is supplemented with waterproofing and insulation, otherwise the heat generated will go into the basement, but not into living space. But it is not necessary to install a warm floor in the basement, it is enough to make additional thermal insulation from its side.
Insulation structure
Ceilings between floors, including an apartment and a basement, are most often concrete floor. In this case, the thermal insulation will look like a pie, in which there is:
- slab or foundation;
- vapor barrier in the form of a film;
- the heater itself of any kind;
- waterproofing;
- finishing screed made of foam concrete or cement.
Insulated floor structure Each of the layers of the floor in the basement has its own function, for example, an insulating film will protect the main insulation material from high humidity that can rise up from the basement. Thus, the thermal insulation will be able to perform its function of keeping the heat in the room, and the waterproofing film will not allow an excess of moisture. Finishing screed is required for quality styling flooring and good appearance.
Before starting work, inspect the base for cracks or other damage. This is important if there is a basement below, because it is through them that heat can escape.
If surface defects are found, they must be eliminated with mounting foam or cement. In addition to protecting against the penetration of cold air, this will prevent further destruction of the base and will not allow cracks and holes to increase in size.
Types of heaters
Varieties of insulation It is possible to insulate the floor located above the cold basement with several types of materials. They can take the form of blocks, bulk materials and rolls, in some cases even liquid heaters are present. They are suitable for cold floor, which is placed on above the basement. The most commonly used mats and slab materials, having a small weight and the same thermal conductivity.
Finishing with the help of such materials can be carried out both on the floor and from the side of the basement, placing them on the ceiling. They are made of foam, and also created on the basis of mineral wool, basalt fiber and polystyrene foam. In private houses, organic heaters, such as straw, are widely used, but they decompose over time and need to be updated.
Plates and mats can be used in parallel with roll insulation, this will increase the thickness of the layer and improve the heat saving of the room.
Loose insulation is less popular, but at the same time effective, because it can fill the space between the crate. This minimizes the chance that some spaces will remain open and cold will pass through them. Expanded clay and similar materials can be used both on the ground under the floor individual home, and in the apartments, under which is located unheated room.
Warming with bulk material Building materials for basement insulation roll type can be thick and thin, their range is very large:
- expanded polystyrene;
- mineral wool;
- cork-based mats;
- foil insulation.
In the case of mineral wool and polystyrene, a crate is required, because the material usually has a large thickness, but foil options that do not have a thick layer are best used as additional ones. They will not allow cold air to pass through the base material. Most optimal material for a cold basement there will be rolled mineral wool, it is inexpensive and very easy to install.
Installation of mineral wool Liquid insulation materials can be very simple, the most popular is cement mortar with a lot of impurities. To improve the structure and heat-saving properties, foam can be added to the mixture, wood shavings and . There is also modern version based on polymers, which has a foamed structure. It is called penoizol, and to work with it, you should purchase additional equipment that allows you to tightly fill the voids between the crate.
Material selection
There are a large number of heaters on the building materials market, and with the help of most, floor insulation can be carried out by working from the basement side. The most versatile of them is mineral wool, which can be placed under a concrete screed, or placed under wooden floor. If there is a log under the floor, it is permissible to use bulk options, and the logs can be located both above the concrete and attached to the floor. A good option would be foam insulation, which will fill the space between the beams.
foam insulation To maximize the area between the lags and below them, you can use:
- polyurethane foam;
- expanded clay;
- vermiculite;
The first position is a foamy insulation, all the rest are loose. When the floor is laid on a screed without joist equipment, use sheet insulation. In the space between the boards and bare concrete, a layer of foam is placed, it is also possible to use mineral wool.
The process of laying insulation Occasionally, a laminate is immediately placed on the waterproofing, but for this you need to use a heater with high density. Most right decision there will be a prefill reinforced screed, this will improve the quality of work and increase reliability. These methods and materials for the floor will only be acceptable for rooms where no finishing has been carried out.
If the need for insulation arose already at existing repair, most likely you will need to remove the flooring, and then lay it again. Warming is possible without mass work, for this you need to lay thermal insulation on top of the tile or linoleum, under which a moisture-proof film is placed. You can cover the material with a laminate, or first make a screed.
Warming procedure
To conduct insulation, you need to stock up on some tools that will be approximately the same in all cases:
- Tilt check level.
- Construction mixer for glue preparation.
- Bucket for glue.
- A spatula that will apply glue and putty.
- Sandpaper.
- Hacksaw for cutting insulation.
Kit necessary tools The technology of insulation is similar in the case of all materials. So, when finishing a concrete floor in a private house, when there is no basement below, you will need to use a combination of materials, so the thickness should be calculated in advance. If the work is carried out in the finished room, you will need to prepare the basis:
- removed decorative coating, and the concrete is checked for cracks and chips;
- the slab is cleaned, and those defects that have been identified are corrected with a cement mortar;
- in order to enhance the effect, siling is used - a special impregnation for strengthening;
- waterproofing is laid.
To protect against water, they usually purchase polyethylene film or a water-repellent primer, in the first case there should be enough material so that it goes onto the walls by about 20 centimeters. In an apartment, a crate for laying insulation can be placed on waterproofing, in a private building it is better to raise it by about 5 cm, for this, cuts of timber are placed on the insulation, under which roofing material is placed.
Next, logs are placed on the bars, and the space is filled with loose insulation, only tiles or mineral wool in rolls are placed on it. The layer that is located at the top should be 5 mm lower than the lag, and it is covered vapor barrier film to ensure proper ventilation. Subsequently, you can arrange a draft floor, and already placed on it top coat. According to the same principle, external thermal insulation is also equipped, which can be supplemented with the effect of finishing the floor.
Insulation results different materials Basement insulation
If the apartment is located on the first floor and there is a subfloor below, then it will be effective to insulate its ceiling. Insulation is attached to it, so bulk and liquid options cannot be used; instead, foam plastic and mineral wool can be offered. The foam is put on a special glue, and the gaps between the tiles are closed mounting foam.
Although it will be more difficult to conduct insulation with mineral wool, it is still possible, initially bars are attached to the ceiling, the distance between which is the width of the mineral wool strip, from which 5 centimeters are subtracted. This will make it possible to embed the material most densely in the area and exclude the presence of unoccupied areas. To hold the insulation, fiberboard or plywood is attached to it, and the cracks, as before, are sealed with mounting foam, which will not allow moisture and cold air to pass through.
basement ceiling insulation In order for the insulation to be effective, and the procedure is simple, some nuances should be taken into account. Starting stage assumes that concrete and walls will be inspected for defects. If cracks or chips are present, they should be repaired with cement mortars or mounting foam. In particularly difficult cases, when the damage is significant, it may be necessary to update brickwork if it exists.
If there are ventilation ducts in the basement, then it is better to cover them for the winter, but you cannot completely close them up. Most optimal solution thanks to thermal insulation characteristics there will be low density foam, this is achieved due to the porous structure.
It is necessary to fix the vapor barrier, it will not allow moisture to accumulate and the material to become unusable, but the joints should be sealed with special adhesive tape so that they cannot pass moisture and because of this there is no floor dampness. Despite the need to limit the access of air under the floor, it is impossible to completely block the ventilation ducts, because in this case condensation will form under the floor.
We increase the reliability of insulation
High-quality work that retains heat well depends not only on the material, but also on what technique is used to secure it. For example, mineral wool will give the maximum effect if:
- Do rough coating from a mixture of sand and cement, it is laid evenly and rammed.
- Waterproofing will be done, you can use both film and roofing felt.
- The slabs will be positioned evenly and without gaps, if this is achieved, then additional sizing will not be required.
- There is a screed several centimeters thick, it is desirable to strengthen it with a galvanized mesh, which is poured with another layer of concrete. It would be better to use the foam version, which is lighter than the standard one.
- The floor covering is laid only after the concrete has completely cured.
Warming the floor, which is located above the cold and damp basement, is an unusual task, because it is necessary to simultaneously protect the room from dampness and from the penetration of cold. For this, a special insulating material is used, which complements the hydro and vapor barrier of the basement. If the technology is followed, the room will always be warm, and mold will never appear in living rooms.
In order for the house to be pleasant and comfortable, it is not enough to have only a roof and walls. It is necessary to make sure that there is warmth in the house. That is why the issue of floor insulation in the house plays an important role. By insulating the floor, you can not only provide comfort, but also significantly reduce heating costs. After all, up to 20% of heat can be lost through the floor. With the help of effective thermal insulation of the floor, you will be able to maintain the desired favorable temperature in the house. It is better to carry out work on insulation even at the construction stage. They must be taken into account in the design. It is very important to insulate the basement. You can carry out all the work yourself. There is nothing difficult in this. You will learn how to insulate the floor below.
Floor insulation at the time of construction of the house
If the construction of the house has not yet come to an end, then it is advisable to insulate the floors from below. Here, expanded clay backfill will be very popular.
There are two options here:
- elimination of the cavity between the beams to the fullest;
- elimination of the cavity between the layers of boards.
In the first option, geotextiles are placed directly on the ground. Then, in the subfield, the distance is completely filled up to the top of the beams. Next, a floor of boards is installed on the logs. It is worth noting one caveat that the use of this method makes sense only when the distance to the ground is small.
An example of a floor plan in a wooden house In the second case, two layers of the floor are made. Backfill is placed between the layers. It is worth making the floor insulation from below from the cold. To do this, the shield from the board is hemmed to the beams. It is fastened with screws or nailed. The boards fit as closely as possible to each other.
Filling is done on top. Logs are mounted on the beams. After that, the flooring is done. Sometimes installers provide floor ventilation. In this case, masses of cold air can freely enter the house through a bulk insulation system. Due to such ventilation, it is possible to protect the floor of the house from mold.
But in this case we get the following situation. If the basement is cold, then cold air will penetrate directly into the house. Fixing this problem is easy. It is enough to put a film of polyethylene or some other airtight material on the insulation.
An example of an insulation scheme basement floor Houses At the same time, it is important to carry out work in such a way that ventilation is maintained. If you lay a polyethylene coating under the insulation material, then condensation in the form of water vapor will accumulate on it. This will only make the situation much worse.
Bottom floor insulation materials
Mineral wool is one of the best insulation Warming in the house or in the country with the help of this material is one of the most common ways. Cotton wool is glass, slag or stone. The great advantage of this material is that it is absolutely non-flammable.
It also has other advantages. These are biological resistance, resistance to fire, high heat and sound insulation characteristics. But this material also has its drawbacks. It's low mechanical strength. Mineral wool perfectly absorbs moisture, while its thermal insulation properties may be somewhat lost.
So, if you decide to mount such a heater, it is important to pay due attention to steam insulation. This insulation can not be attributed to completely harmless materials.
Mineral wool is produced in the form of a flexible mat or a dense plate. The denser part of the plate is marked with a blue stripe. When mounting, make sure that the marking points upwards. Mineral wool is often used in a wooden house or in a country house. Plates are mounted in one layer.
Izovol, which is made on the basis of mineral fibers, has a low thermal conductivity. Izovol is a non-combustible material. Rockwool - basalt insulation. It has good resistance to external loads. Due to the special design, it practically does not change shape. In addition, it can perfectly level out sounds.
An example of a floor insulation scheme in a wooden house from below Insulation is placed between the lag. Everything will depend on whether it is possible to hem the shield from the boards to the beams from below. If the subfloor is low, the shield is attached to the beams from above between the joists. If necessary, the lags can be raised. Further execution of the procedure is quite standard.
Styrofoam
Very often, insulation in a private wooden house or in the country is carried out using foam. This material has a huge number of advantages. But he has almost no shortcomings. Styrofoam insulation can guarantee high strength, resistance to fire and various chemicals.
If you decide to conduct insulation in a wooden house, foam insulation will be very effective option. This material has a unique cell structure, which makes it durable. It has the same disadvantages as mineral wool. It easily absorbs moisture, as a result of which it can quickly lose some properties.
Scheme of floor insulation under reinforced concrete screed Insulation can be carried out with foam or extruded foam. The latter has a particularly strong structure. The process of foam insulation is the same as that of mineral wool insulation. But there are also some features. AT the best option the width of the insulation and the lag should be the same. After all, the foam will act as a special support for the flooring.
Laying of plates is carried out with minimal gaps. All gaps must be foamed. Vapor barrier is not needed here. Thick plates are mounted among the lag. After they are simply foamed. Hemming of the shield from below is not performed.
To blow out ecowool, you will have to use a compressor. Without him, nothing.
Insulation using industrial equipment
Ecowool is blown with a compressor into the hole between the floor. In this case, the voids are uniformly filled with material. After removing the flooring, ecowool is laid on top using wet process. It contains sticky particles.
Don't forget about waterproofing It is due to them that the layer turns out to be quite rigid. After that, he will not sit down. Vapor barrier is not provided. After all, the material is not afraid of moisture.
With polyurethane foam, it is possible to completely fill the existing space between the beams. In this case, you will get excellent thermal insulation, which will last for many years.
Insulation for small heat leaks
Quite often, in a private house or in a country house, cold penetrates into the room through poorly connected or dried out boards. You can eliminate such gaps in a wooden house only if you decide to completely redo the floor.
Scheme of floor insulation in a wooden house on the second floor In this case, it is advisable to use roll insulation underneath instead of overlaying. You can insulate the floor in a private house with penofol. This material is a foamed polyethylene, in which the surface is finished with foil.
A surface that reflects light is rotated towards a more warm space. Thus, heat leakage is quite effectively prevented.
Table of heat losses that occur in a wooden house If you decide to insulate the floor with penofol, you will have to re-lay the old floor covering. At the same time, you should not make too thick a substrate from below. Otherwise, the floor will spring too much. Linoleum, on the other hand, can push through furniture legs. If the material thickness of 0.4 cm is not enough, it is better to take a denser material for laying. For example, it can be a cork substrate.
If you do not want to carry out serious repairs in the apartment, you can insulate it with penofol from the underground. Rails can be used for fixation. They are stuffed on top of the insulation.
Insulation in the house from the basement
Thermal insulation of the floor of a private house from the basement has a very important role. With heat insulation High Quality you can not only reduce heat loss, but also protect the house from dampness and destruction in the future.
Table of thermal conductivity of some materials Many professionals say that basement insulation from below will help solve a large number of problems that may arise in a private wooden house. For thermal insulation of the basement, you can use foam, penoizol and other materials. You can use mineral wool to seal the floor from the basement side.
The width of the lag and pieces of insulation when using foam should be the same.
With the help of polystyrene foam, only the basement floors are usually insulated, but also the walls. If your house has a cool floor, then before purchasing a heater, you should think about how to insulate the basement.
Video
You can watch a video on how to properly insulate wooden floor from below.
