Material (senior group) on the topic: Different games for the New Year and in winter. Active winter games at home Game snowdrifts icicles and snowflakes

Advice for Parents on Raising Children

with attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity disorder).

Maintain a positive attitude in your relationship with your child. Praise him whenever he deserves it, highlight his successes. This helps build the child's self-confidence.
Avoid repeating the words "no" and "can't".
Speak calmly, calmly, softly. (Screams excite the child).
Give the child only one task for a certain period of time so that he can complete it. When the child gets tired, it should be switched to another activity.
You should not play with the child near the TV or constantly opening doors - this irritates and distracts the child.
Use visual stimulation to reinforce verbal instructions.
Reward your child for all activities that require concentration (for example, work with blocks, building blocks, board games, coloring, reading).
Maintain a clear daily routine at home. The time for eating, doing homework, and sleeping each day should follow this schedule.
Avoid crowds of people whenever possible. Staying in large stores, markets, etc. has a stimulating effect on the child.
Limit playtime to only one partner. Avoid restless, noisy buddies.
Give your child the opportunity to expend excess energy. Useful daily physical activity in the fresh air - walking, running, sports activities (gymnastics, swimming, tennis, but not wrestling or boxing, because these sports are traumatic).
If the child is wrong about something, you should not lecture them, because. a long speech will not be fully heard and understood. It is better to establish rules of conduct and a system of rewards and punishments in advance. Requirements for the child must be specific, clear and feasible.
Remember that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, although inevitable, can be kept under reasonable control with the help of these measures.

MBDOU No. 1 "Sun"

Second junior group

^ Teacher-psychologist N.A. Kolpakova

Mobile game "CAROUSEL"

Delhi stand in a circle and perform movements to the poem :

Barely, barely, barely

The carousels spin.

(Children begin to move slowly)

And then, then, then

Everybody run, run, run

(Speech and movement speed up)

Let's run, let's run

Hush, hush, don't rush

(tempo slows down)

Carousel os-ta-but-vi-te.

(everyone stopped)

One-two, one-two

Here the game is over.

(Bow to each other)

Game "BUNNY"
A gray bunny sits and moves its ears.

Like this, like this, he moves his ears.

It’s cold for a bunny to sit, you need to warm up your paws.

Like this, like this, you need to warm up your paws.

It’s cold for a bunny to stand, a bunny needs to jump.

Like this, like this, the bunny needs to jump.

The wolf scared the bunny, the gray bunny rode off!
The music plays loudly, we will run, jump deftly.

How are we going to jump? Like this!

And as soon as it stops, Bunny sits down and sits.

Everyone sat down? Well done

^ MOBILE GAME "ENGINE OF FRIENDSHIP"
The psychologist invites the children to go to someone's house on the train of friendship. The psychologist invites everyone to take their place, emphasizing some of the distinguishing features of children, for example:

- The girl who came in a green blouse will go to the first trailer. Etc.

The movement of the train can be accompanied by the following song:
The train rushes and rumbles

Knock-knock-knock, knock-knock-knock

The machinist is busy with might and main -

Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo...

The train rushes down the mountain -

Knock-knock-knock, knock-knock-knock.

For children, the second carriage

Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo.

The train rushes along the fields -

Knock-knock-knock, knock-knock-knock.

Hey, flowers with water fields -

Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo.

^ MOBILE GAME "INflate, BUBBLE"
Would you like to blow bubbles together?

Hold hands, stand in a circle, let's make it small, small. Now we say the words and “inflate the bubble” - we diverge from the center of the circle, making it big.
Blow up, bubble

Blow up big.

Stay like this and don't fall! (children move in a circle)

Our bubble - flew, flew

And hit a branch!

(all children move back into the tight little circle)

You can repeat several times

^ GAME "WHO CALLED"
Don't be rude to anyone

Call everyone by name.

We choose the driving child. He stands in the center of the circle. Everyone else is around him. Then everyone goes in a circle, saying:

We played, we played

And now they are in a circle.

"Child's name", close your eyes,

Who called you - find out!

If the child found out who called him, then they change places, and if he didn’t find out, then the game is repeated again ....

^ MOBILE GAME "PLEASE"
Rule:

We will learn to listen

When someone speaks.

You will only speak

When your friend is silent.

Listen to an adult very carefully,

And everything will work out just fine for you.
What does it mean? You need to listen carefully to the teacher, do not interrupt, then you will do everything right. When another person speaks, it is rude to interrupt him, you have to wait until he finishes talking, and then say it yourself.

^ And our guys are very well-mannered and know the Magic polite words. Guys, let's remember them. (We remember and call.) Well done!
Guys, I will give you various tasks, and you will have to complete them, but only if I say "please."

If I don't say that magic word, you will stand still.

Raise your right hand, please, etc.

Sit down.

Get up.

Jump.

Smile.

Spin around.

Clap your hands.

Raise your left hand.

Stand on one leg.

Spread your arms out to the sides.
The game "If you like it, then do it" (on the carpet)

^ MOBILE GAME "SAD - FUN".
The psychologist shows the children two drawings:

cheerful Kolobok and sad Winnie the Pooh.

If I show you a cheerful Kolobok,

you will run, jump and smile like this Gingerbread man.

And if I show you Winnie the Pooh, you will waddle,

like a bear, you will have a sad face.

^ MOBILE GAME "TRAFFIC LIGHT"
Well you know the colors, you can probably play

to my favorite game "Traffic Light".

When I raise the red circle, you can run around my village, when it is yellow, you must walk,

and when green, you have to stop.

The game is repeated several times.

^ MOBILE GAME "RUG-HOUSE"
In front of the children, geometric rugs are laid out on the carpet - houses,

one set of the same geometric figures at the psychologist.

To the music you run across the carpet when the music stops

I will show you the figure.

You must find the same rug-house and hide in it.

^ MOBILE GAME "TOUCH ..."
I show a color card

you must find an object of the same color in the room and touch it.

Game "SNOW"

Movements are performed to the music referred to in the poem.

We dance with snowballs.

Look at us all.

This is how we stomp our feet! (stomp)

One-two, one-two, one-two!

Now let's put snowballs

We are here under the Christmas tree (put in a circle)

And now in the palms you can

We can easily clap. (clap hands, squat).

Don't forget to take the snowball.

Now we can dance

Dance and stand in a circle children are dancing)

^ MOBILE GAME "COOK SOUP"
Everyone will choose which vegetable he will be

(you can take the selected vegetable in your hand).

At my command, vegetables jump into the pan (hoop) those

which I will name and "boil".

^ The game "Snowflakes, snowdrifts, icicles"
If I say "snowflakes", everyone will spin around,

"icicles" - raised their hands up, joined their palms and stood on their toes, "snowdrifts" - sat down.

I can confuse something, but you should not be confused.

^ MOBILE GAME "TRANSPORT"
Conversation with children, what toys do boys like to play most of all. (Children's answers: cars, airplanes, boats.)

Correctly! This is all what? (Transport).

Naturally, every vehicle moves differently.

Let's remember how the plane flies (spread hands to the sides)

how does the car drive (as if they took the steering wheel),

how does the train go (stand in a column and follow each other)

how does the tank move (crawling on the floor)

how is the ship going (as if we are floating).

Wonderful. Now I will take turns showing pictures with this transport, and you will depict how it moves.

Be very careful, follow the pictures!

^ MOBILE GAME "COCK"
Here comes the cockerel.

Proudly raised the comb.

red beard,

Important walk.
(Children walk, raising their legs high, with their toes pulled down.

The body is held straight, the head is slightly raised.

The arms are extended and slightly laid back.

Children actively "flap their wings" - raise and lower their hands.)

^ MOBILE GAME "PIGS"
Here are the funny guys

Pink piglets.

They have a snout nose,

The tails stick out in a crochet.
(Children stand still, arms bent at the elbows; with light half-squats, they make quick turns with their hips to the right and left.)

^ MOBILE GAME "CAT"
The cat is very good

Walks softly, slowly

Sit, wash

Wipes off with a paw.
(Children walk with a soft springy step, imitate the movement of a washing cat.)

Game "ZAMRI"
While the music is playing, you move around the room, as soon as the music stops, you freeze in the position in which the pause caught you.

^ MBDOU No. 1 "Sun"

Senior group

Teacher-psychologist N.V. Dolgova

"Flower-seven-flower". The program of psychological and pedagogical classes for preschoolers 4-5 years old / edited by N.Yu.Kurazheva. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2010
^ The mobile game "The Train of Names, or To the Land of Friendship"
We'll ride on the train of names.

I will be the first carriage, and my carriage is called Petrushka.

Along the path, I will attach wagons with your names to me.

We got ready, my trailer went (music turns on). I got to the first stop. What song will the first trailer sing? (Child's name). Let's go with me? Let's go! We got to the next wagon. Stopped. What song will the second trailer sing? (Child's name). Stand up for (first child's name). Go? Go. We arrived at the third trailer.

^ Mobile game "Dragon bites its tail"

The players stand one behind the other, holding on to the waist in front of the one standing.

The first child is the head of the dragon, the last is the tip of the tail. While the music is playing, the first player tries to grab the last one - the dragon catches its tail.

The rest of the children hold tightly to each other.

If the dragon doesn't catch its tail,

then another person is assigned to the role of the dragon's head.

^ Mobile game "Yes or not?"

The players stand in a circle and hold hands, the leader is in the center.

An adult explains the task:

if they agree with the statement, they raise their hands up and shout “Yes!”

if they do not agree, they lower their hands and shout “No!”

Are there fireflies in the field?

Are there fish in the sea?

Does a calf have wings?

Does the pig have a key?

Is there a crest: near the mountain?

Does the burrow have doors?

Does a rooster have a tail?

Does the violin have a key?

Does the verse have a rhyme?

Does it have any errors?

^ Mobile game "Lumberjack"

And here is the Woodcutter! But what about him? He can't move, he's all rusty. Show how immovable he is.

I'll lubricate him with engine oil and he'll be able to move.

First the neck moved, then the arms, torso, legs

(children during the story show how the Woodcutter began to move).

And now the Woodcutter can already move freely.

He even sang his own song. Sing along with him.

And I was born of iron

I could be helpful

But just not enough

Heart kindness. (2 times)

Children, let's give him a piece of our heart?

Say: "Take, Woodcutter, a piece of our heart warmth."

(Children make the appropriate gesture.)

What glorious children! Now the Woodcutter has a heart and can feel.

^ Mobile game "Salki"

Since we are so brave, let's play tag with the evil Gingem.

I'll be Gingema, who will catch up with the fearless guys,

Whom I zasal, he goes to my domain (sits down on a chair).

The game is repeated several times, any of the children can be the leader.

^ The mobile game "Locomotive of Friendship"

Children are invited to visit any hero on the train of friendship and draw their attention to the distinctive external signs of children.

Each child is invited to take their place,

for example: "The boy who came in yellow trousers,

will go to the first trailer, etc.

^ The movement of the train can be accompanied by the following song:

The train rushes and rumbles -

Knock-knock-knock, knock-knock-knock

The machinist is busy with might and main -

Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo.

The train rushes down the mountain -

Knock-knock-knock, knock-knock-knock.

For children, the second car -

Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo.

The train rushes along the fields -

Knock-knock-knock, knock-knock-knock.

Hey, flowers with water fields -

Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo.

^ Mobile game "Icicles, snowdrifts, snowflakes"

An adult invites children to play a game for attention.

When the word "icicles" is heard, the children should imitate the melting of icicles

(hit the left palm with the index finger of the right hand);

when the word "snowdrifts" sounds -

children spread their arms to the sides, depicting a large snowdrift;

when the word "snowflakes" sounds - children are spinning, imitating the dance of snowflakes.

^ Mobile game "I will freeze"

Children stand in a circle, stretch their arms forward.

An adult tries to touch them - "freeze",

children should quickly hide their hands behind their backs.

The same is done with the legs, noses, ears.

^ The nose and ears must be covered with the hand.

Mobile game "Edible - inedible"

And now we will play and see how attentive you are.

On the floor in a circle will be pictures with edible and inedible.

First, look with your eyes at what is edible and what is not.

While the music plays, we walk in circles (do not step on the pictures).

The music ends, and you must take something to eat.

Someone may not have enough pictures.

He exits the game and turns on the music.

(The first 2 times the pictures should be enough for everyone.)

^ Mobile game "Day and night"

Let's see how attentive you are, whether you know how to distinguish day from night.

Let's play a game of day and night.

When the cat says "Day" - we get up, when "Night" - we sit down.

^ Mobile game "Right or wrong"

Adult: I'll call the actions. If a cultured person can do this, you clap your hands; if you can’t, you stomp.

Examples:

Who goes to visit in the morning, he acts wisely!
You can invite guests only when your house is in order.
You can come to visit uncombed and unwashed.
You can feed the dog.
Guests are invited in advance.
Be sure to introduce your guests.
You can invite two enemies and see what happens.
Do not touch other people's things without permission.
At a meeting, you don’t have to say hello, because we said “hello” on the phone.
You can talk to guests in the hallway without inviting them to come through.
We need to see guests off.

"Winks"

And now let's play winks.

Turns out you can communicate with your eyes!

The driver sits on a chair in front of everyone.

His task is to wink at one of the seated players.

The one who winked should quickly run across to an empty chair. The task of those standing nearby is to detain their partner.

During the game, standing partners must keep their hands behind their backs.
"Forbidden Movement"

Cheerful rhythmic music sounds. Now let's play silently! We stand in a semicircle. Be careful: I will show the movements, and you repeat them. One move is forbidden. It cannot be repeated! (Movement is prearranged.)

^ Mobile game "Scouts"

Performed with musical accompaniment.

And now we will play scouts. To turn into them, you need to climb through the hoop. To each I give a geometric figure. We will walk in circles around the room while the music is playing and look for something that looks like this figure.

When the music ends, we'll show you what we've found.

All this must be done silently, because scouts do everything how? (Quietly, without speaking.)

After the children have found the items, they are given a card with a certain color. You need to find an object of the same color.
^ Mobile game "Hare family"

And now we'll play a little.

Imagine that you have turned into little bunnies.

Images of members of the hare family are attached to the chairs,

children have cards with the same images.

On a signal, the children take their places at the appropriate chair.

^ The game is repeated.
Mobile game "I am a snake ..."

Children stand in a circle, the leader is chosen - the head.

The "head" is looking for its "tail" with the words:

"I am a snake, a snake, a snake, will you be my tail?"

^ With these words, an adult addresses one of the children, he should crawl between his legs and stand behind him, clasping his waist. When the snake has fully assembled its “tail”, the “head” starts chasing it to catch it.

^ Children should hold each other tightly by the waist.

Mobile game "If you like"

Children stand in a circle and begin to move in a circle with the words:

"If you like it, then do it"

The leader shows any movement,

which the other members of the group perform together.

^ Mobile game "Don't listen to your name"

In order to return from Name Square, you need to complete the task: do not listen to your name.

The adult calls the names of the children one by one.

The child whose name was called must quickly perform a prearranged movement,

for example, clap your hands, jump, stomp, etc.

Mobile game "Newspaper"

While the music is playing, we move along the carpet.

As soon as the music stops, everyone should stand on the newspaper.

Then again we move to the music, and the newspaper is already folded in half. The music stopped, they stood on the folded newspaper.

Your goal is to fit everyone on a newspaper,

which is getting smaller and smaller.

^ Mobile game "Lesson - change"

Let's get in a circle.

If the word "lesson" sounds - you squat down,

If "change" - you run.
Advice for parents:

"Features of the development of children from two to seven years"

How to teach your child to clean up after themselves toys

^ How to teach a 5-year-old child to clean up after themselves toys?

As soon as evening comes, and the games are over, tears and whims immediately begin. "Tired!" is the main motive. Although I played before - I didn’t get tired! Are there any ways that help organize this process painlessly for parents and children?
There are no number of parental tricks in the fight against children's reluctance to put toys in their rightful place after many hours of play. What causes this behavior in a child? Where is the line between a neat kid and the ruler of "toy chaos"?
It should be noted that parents themselves are not always ready to clean up certain items on time: dirty dishes in the sink left until the morning, dad's newspapers or socks on the floor, marking the places of his stay in the house, older brother's textbooks lying interspersed on the desk with a bag of chips and computer disks. All this allows the youngest of the family members to act in full accordance with the established family tradition. And if this problem is typical for adult households, then it is quite advisable for them to start solving the problem with themselves.
Much depends on the meaning of the game your child plays. If this is a “continuation” game (multi-day building of houses or castles, assembling a complex constructor, etc.), then forcing a child to remove something (and in his concept, “destroy”) seems to be a rather inappropriate requirement. And since the kids, knowing the world, are constantly striving for new experiences, they no longer want to experience the old ones. After all, tomorrow everything will have to start from the very beginning ...
Independent games have considerable weight in the upbringing of a child, since it is in them that the character of the baby, his intelligence and will are manifested. And here it is very important to unobtrusively direct the children's game in the right direction, when the day is already running out. Agree, it is very difficult at one moment, at the direction of adults, to hoist a huge number of toys into place. The main thing here is that the game does not end suddenly, but 15-20 minutes before its completion, smoothly flows into a kind of "cleaning" game. If the process of putting away toys is turned into an exciting adventure, then the chances of maintaining order increase dramatically.
It is very important if parents teach the baby to put away toys from a very early age, gradually reducing their participation in this process. Having got used to such completion of games, the child will clean up after itself toys independently.
It is important not to miss the moment when the child is in a good mood and is happy to tidy up the place of his constant games. Praise and admiration for his work is a guarantee that next time the baby will put toys in their places with even greater zeal.
It is great if the process of cleaning the room will be accompanied by some kind of cheerful melody lasting several minutes. The end of its sound should correspond to the end of the cleaning.
Try to be consistent when making demands on the baby: if yesterday he put the cubes in a box, then today, having played with them, he must do the same.
Children do not take general instructions well (“clean up the room”, “clean up here”, etc.), so your requests should be specific (“put the toys in the drawer”, “put the books in the closet”, “put the dolls on the shelf ").
If the child is tired or whimpering, be sure to offer him your help. Your support in difficult times will surely awaken a new burst of energy in the little man to complete the work he has begun.
A game from the category "One, two, three - take the toy away!" (who is faster or just all together) will easily help eliminate toy chaos. The main thing here is to develop the habit of cleaning up after yourself.
Older children tend to animate their toys. They share their joys and sorrows with them, they talk. Using this, we can teach the baby to love and care for his toy "friends". And this means that the toys should have a place where they return after the game - a cabinet shelf, a drawer or a basket.
Psychologists advise to periodically hide and change toys, reducing their visible presence in the children's room. By doing this, you will support the child's interest in the toys already available, preventing him from being too scattered in the choice of games.
Remember also that obedience in the matter of cleaning toys is not an end in itself. More important is to instill the child's readiness to cooperate with parents and fulfill their requests and instructions, trust elders. Good luck!
"PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN FROM 2 TO 7 YEARS"
Psychophysiological features of children 2-4 years old.

There are 3 most important childhood crises: 2 to 4 years old, 7 to 9 years old and 13 to 15 years old.

During these periods, significant changes occur in the body.

Consider age from 2 to 4 years. The child quickly increases in height from 2 to 3 years, and from 3 to 5 years, growth slows down a little, the skin thickens, becomes more elastic, the number of blood vessels in it decreases, it becomes more resistant to mechanical stress. The mass of the heart increases, the body is ready for more complex physical exertion. The mass of the brain increases, 3 times compared with the mass at birth, which ensures intellectual development. All these changes affect the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, the child feels unusual sensations in the body: increased fatigue, irritability, mood swings. Children are more vulnerable and prone to disease. + to everything, the child develops a sense of his own “I”, “I myself”, “I want”, “I don’t want”, etc. This age is called a crisis of 3 years. (For some children, this behavior does not last long and fades away immediately after 3 years and by the age of 4 they become more obedient.

^ FEATURES OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN 2-3 years old

A child of 2-3 years old is very emotional, but his emotions are fickle, the baby is easily distracted and switched from one emotional state to another. This is facilitated by rhythmic swaying, tossing, stroking, etc. Such games abound in the folk tradition of nurturing children.

Learning at this age takes place both on one's own practical experience and on the basis of imitation of a pleasant adult. At the same time, the child imitates everything that an adult does, both good and bad; both right and wrong.

A peer is not yet of particular interest to the baby and is considered by him as another subject. Children play side by side, but not together. For each other, they often become sources of negative emotions. Namely, an adult is interesting as a source of ways of activity, a partner in play and creativity.

At this age, children are very susceptible to the emotional state of others. They are very susceptible to the so-called "contagion effect": if one happily starts galloping around the group, then at least three more "horses" will gallop next to him.

The main features of a child of 2-3 years old are openness, honesty and sincerity. He simply does not know how to hide his likes or dislikes for anyone or anything. The child's feelings are unstable and contradictory, and the mood is subject to frequent changes.

^ MENTAL PROCESSES (Perception, memory and attention are involuntary).

1. The child can learn and remember only what he liked or remembered in itself. But, nevertheless, what is remembered, remains for a long time.

2. The child is not able to keep his attention on any subject for a long time, and he quickly switches from one activity to another.

A baby aged 2-3 years is able to distinguish between:

4 shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle); 4 primary colors - red, yellow, blue, green.

3. Children are inherent in visual-effective thinking. Action with items

(collection of nesting dolls, pyramids, boxes of shapes, puzzles, etc.)

^ MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN 3-4 years old

The kid begins to clearly realize who he is and what he is. The inner world of the child begins to be filled with contradictions: he strives for independence, and at the same time he cannot cope with the task without the help of an adult, he loves his relatives, they are very significant to him, but he cannot help being angry with them because of limited freedom.

The activity and tirelessness of babies at this age are manifested in constant readiness for activity. The child already knows how to be proud of the success of his actions, to critically evaluate the results of his work. The ability to set goals is formed: he can more clearly present the result, compare with the model, highlight the differences.

Emotionally, the same trends persist as in the previous stage. Characterized by severe mood swings. Emotional state continues to depend on physical comfort. Relationships with peers and adults begin to affect mood.

At 3-4 years old, children begin to learn the rules of relationships in a peer group, and then indirectly control be treated by adults.

^ MENTAL PROCESSES

1. On the basis of visual-effective thinking, visual-figurative thinking begins to form by the age of 4. In other words, there is a gradual detachment of the child's actions from a specific object, the transfer of the situation to "as if".

2. The recreative imagination prevails, i.e. the child is only able to recreate images drawn from fairy tales and stories of adults. Of great importance in the development of the imagination is the experience and knowledge of the child, his horizons. Children of this age are characterized by a mixture of elements from various sources, real and fabulous. The fantastic images that arise in him are emotionally saturated and real for him.

3. Memory is involuntary, recognition prevails, not memorization. It is well remembered that what was connected with his activities was interesting and emotionally colored.

4. The child is not yet able to keep his attention on one object for a long time, he quickly switches from one activity to another. Distinguishes and names 5 shapes (circle, square, rectangle, oval and triangle). 8 colors - red, yellow, blue, green, white, black, purple, orange).

5. A child of primary preschool age cannot navigate in space and time. Time is fluid, it does not have a visual form and therefore actions cannot be performed with it, any actions occur in time, and not over time.

^ AGE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN 4 - 5 YEARS

The involuntariness of mental processes persists in children even at the age of 5 years.

The crisis of 3 years was left behind, the children became more emotionally stable. Less capricious. They begin to show interest in their peers as partners in the game. Peer opinion is of particular importance. Therefore, it is desirable to organize forms of interaction between children that involve cooperation rather than competition. A negative assessment, if it is inevitable, can only be heard in a situation of individual communication, when no one except the child himself hears it.

The wider use of speech as a means of communication stimulates the expansion of the child's horizons, the discovery of new facets of the world around them. Now the child begins to be interested not just in any phenomenon in itself, but in the causes and consequences of its occurrence. Therefore, the main question for the child becomes “why?”. The child develops, becomes more resilient to physical stress. This stimulates the development of psychological endurance. Fatigue decreases, the background of the mood evens out, it becomes more stable, less prone to fluctuations.

At this age, the peer becomes more significant and interesting. The child strives for partnership in games; he is no longer interested in playing “nearby”. Gender preferences begin to take shape. Game associations become more stable.

It should be noted that at the age of 4-5 years, the shortcomings of raising a child begin to gradually take root and turn into stable negative character traits.

^ MENTAL PROCESSES

There is a further development of the cognitive sphere. Thinking is visual. The dependence of attention and memory on emotional richness remains. But stability and long-term concentration on one object begins to develop. Fantasia continues to develop actively. It is necessary to discuss with the child his fantasies, to be included in them, to give moral assessments to the actions of the characters.

^ This is important to know. PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL

development of children from 5 to 8 years

At this age, the growth of children increases (the child grows up to 6-7 cm per year). Experts call this age the period of the first physiological traction. Weight gain is also significant - about 2 kg per year. By the age of 6, a child, according to doctors, should, with normal development, double its weight at the age of one. At 6-7 years old, the surface of the skin in terms of 1 kg of weight in a child is larger than in adults, so they can easily overheat and overcool.

By the age of 5, the spine corresponds to its shape in an adult, but the ossification of the skeleton is not completed, there is still a lot of cartilaginous tissue in it. Children during this period are very mobile, their muscular system is rapidly developing, hence the significant load on the skeleton. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor the posture of the child, his movements and games. While drawing, sculpting, reading a book, the distance to the eyes should be 30-35 cm. If necessary, place a bench under the child’s feet or purchase a chair that can be raised or lowered.

The bed should not be too soft, but, on the contrary, hard and even. Physical activity is necessary, but according to age.

In the same age period, the formation of the respiratory organs ends. The ribs gradually assume the same position as in adults, the respiratory muscles and lung tissue develop. Breathing becomes more and more deep, even and rare - by the age of 7, the respiratory rate reaches only 23-25 per minute. After 7 years, children are much less likely than before, and especially in comparison with infancy, there are respiratory diseases - bronchitis, pneumonia and respiratory diseases.

At the age of 5-8 years, the capabilities of the digestive organs increase. It is necessary to expand the child's diet in a timely manner, give him new foods. This need comes from meeting the needs of a growing organism and to improve the efficiency of the digestive system, its resistance to changing products.

This age is characterized by the development of the central nervous system. By the age of 7, the mass of the brain reaches 1250-1300 g, approaching the mass of the brain of an adult. By the age of 6-7, the child acquires qualities that allow him to start studying at school: the development of speech, memory, the ability to sufficiently long attention, the ability not to be distracted by random influences, but to perceive a specific object in a directed way.

Hygiene should take an important place at this age. The child must wash his hands independently and without reminders before eating, after the street and the toilet. You should teach your child to brush their teeth 2 times a day. Bathe at the age of 5-7 years should be at least once a week, and wash the feet of all children and girls - every day. Remember that the hygiene skills laid down at this age will serve him well in the future.

^ PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN 5-6 years old.

A preschooler is able to distinguish the whole range of human emotions, he develops stable feelings and relationships. Formed "higher feelings": intellectual, moral, aesthetic.

Intellectual feelings include:

Curiosity;

Sense of humor;

Astonishment.

For aesthetic:

Sense of beauty;

Feeling heroic;

For morals:

- a sense of pride;

Feeling of shame;

Feeling of friendship.

The activation of the imagination contributes to the overall mental development. Imagination is the highest mental function that underlies the success of all types of creative activity of a person, including an adult. Adults should value in a preschooler not the ability to do, according to instructions or according to the model, what an adult suggests, but to come up with their own plans. Form ideas and realize individual imagination in all activities.

Mathematics requires translating abstract concepts into visual images, visualizing them. The development of this ability is promoted, in particular, by acquaintance with non-objective, abstract art, the object of attention of which is the line, shape, color in themselves. Music lessons, including listening to music, activate abstract thinking and imagination.

A feature of children of this age is interest and craving for beautiful, aesthetically valuable. The aesthetics of the visual materials used, their composition in the classroom, largely determine the degree of interest of the children in the subject itself.

It is necessary to instill in children a taste for reflection and reasoning, the search for solutions, to teach them to experience pleasure from the applied intellectual efforts and the intellectual result obtained in the form of a problem. It is important that the guys were successful.

^ MENTAL PROCESSES

PERCEPTION

The child knows all the colors and their shades, as well as shapes - a triangle, a circle, an oval, a square and a rectangle, a rhombus.

Shape - the ability to find familiar shapes in surrounding objects, as well as on oneself (for example, a head is round, a skirt is triangular, etc.), to highlight and designate the shape of real objects with a word: a ball is a ball, a picture is rectangular.

Size - compare objects by length, height, width; deeper, shallower, identical, lighter, heavier.

ATTENTION -

involuntary, so the child focuses only on pronounced examples, the attention span is 20-25 minutes.

^ MEMORY

Visual - remembers after showing 7-8 images (pictures), auditory - 6-7 words after a single naming.

THINKING

Visual-effective - already formed (practical actions with objects (for example, drawing up a pyramid, nesting dolls, collecting cut pictures from 7 parts, etc.), from 5-6 years old the child begins to (think) operate with images, thus at this age visual-figurative thinking predominates (storytelling from a picture, recognizing seasons in pictures, understanding comic pictures, etc.) Children perceive information more easily if it concerns someone living.There is an interest in arithmetic and reading.Based on the ability to imagine what - or, the child can already remember something purposefully.At this age, like in no other, children listen to fairy tales with pleasure.

And also elements of verbal-logical thinking begin to form (verbal generalization of objects, classification of objects, finding inferences, etc.)

^ ORIENTATION IN SPACE

Five-year-old children no longer only indicate directions - forward, backward, up and down, right - left, but also move in this direction. In addition, they determine the position of one or another object, for example: "Ahead of me is the ball, behind me is the locomotive, Zhenya is to my right."

^ ORIENTATION IN TIME

Alternation of parts of the day, season, months, days of the week.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHILD 6-7 YEARS OLD

As mentioned earlier, at 5-6 years old, the child grows rapidly and gains weight. The muscles of the trunk and spine develop especially intensively. But the final formation of the organism is still very far away: the central nervous system, on which behavior and mental activity depend, has not been formed, and the child's high fatigue remains characteristic. The arrival of a child in school significantly changes the social side of his development. The child will have to communicate not only with a large group of peers, but also with adults, obey their requirements, and most importantly, he will need to become a member of a team that has its own goals and functions that are different from the kindergarten team.

REMEMBER!

1. Good health of the baby plays an important role. The state of health of the child at the beginning of training is that reserve, that reserve of strength, which largely determines the success of both the first year of study and the entire school marathon.

2. Numerous studies have shown that younger students
love to study. At this age, the foundation of moral behavior is laid, the assimilation of moral norms and rules takes place. However, the illiterate behavior of parents and teachers leads to a decrease in diligence and responsibility. After all, every child by the time he enters school is at his own level of moral development. Therefore, some children begin to follow the established rules of behavior only in order to avoid punishment from adults. A higher level of moral development is characterized by the fact that a first-grader is guided by human principles and norms in order to maintain dignity and not be tormented by remorse.

3. The behavior of a child largely depends on his temperament. One
speaks quickly, the other - slowly; one is easily included in the work, the other acts uncertainly; one stubbornly and persistently solves a difficult problem, the other quits, and then continues to solve it again. It is almost impossible to change the temperament, since it depends on the properties of the nervous system, and you should not try to do this!

4. At 6-7 years old, children already have communicative abilities, that is, abilities that help to communicate. This also includes the desire to make contact with surrounding adults and children, the ability to organize communication and listen to the interlocutor, as well as knowledge of the norms and rules of communication.
At this age, the baby is distinguished by spontaneity, emotionality, curiosity, gullibility, responsiveness. Thus, the basis of readiness for schooling is both the physical and mental development of the child, without which he will not be able to successfully study at school.

^ FORMATION OF MOTIVATION OF LEARNING.

Often, one of the main motives is the external paraphernalia of learning - for example, the desire to have a beautiful uniform, a briefcase, a place to study, go to school, as adults go to work. At the same time, in a modern child, the level of personal readiness for school may decrease somewhat due to other children's stories about difficulties at school, the experience of older brothers and sisters. An important time for the formation of motivation is the first 2-3 weeks of schooling, after which a critical moment comes. If by this time the child has not begun to motivate learning as; “I don't go to school because I have a nice bag and I'm proud to carry it. And I go to school to study, to be literate, etc., then he gets disappointed, his interest in learning decreases. As favorable features of motivation, one can single out a general positive attitude towards school, a breadth of interests, faith in the authority of the teacher, curiosity, spontaneity, and openness.
^ The child needs the most

in your love just then

when he least deserves it.

Erma Bombek.

What is an educational psychologist?

This is a specialist who can take a professional look at your problem and help you find a solution. This is the guide that carries the lantern until you step into the light.

Psychologist and psychiatrist- not the same thing.

Psychiatrist is a specialist with a medical education in the field of diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders (diseases). Treatment methods are drug therapy. A psychiatrist works with mentally ill people who have serious mental disorders.

Psychologist- A specialist in psychology. The psychologist is not a doctor, so he does not prescribe medications. A psychologist works with mentally healthy people who want help with their problems, such as divorce, loss, communication difficulties, decision-making difficulties, etc.

Psychotherapist- a specialist, doctor or psychologist who provides assistance most often by non-pharmacological methods. A psychotherapist is a specialist who has received a special psychological education (at least 3 years of study) in one of the areas of psychotherapy. Psychotherapists work both with mentally healthy people and with people in "borderlines", that is, in states on the verge of health and illness (neurosis, depression ...) The psychotherapist uses certain psychotechnics to help the client solve his problem.

A psychologist does not solve their problems for people.

The task of a psychologist- to create such conditions under which the client himself is able to understand his problem. He will help you reformulate your request so that you see the reason - what affects you. You will be able to change your attitude to the problem by changing yourself.

The psychologist does not see people through.

A psychologist is able, in a certain sense, to predict the possible actions of a person in a given situation. This requires more or less purposeful efforts: determining the characteristics of a person’s temperament and character, analyzing the situation in which this person is, etc.

A psychologist is not a teacher, not a mentor.

He doesn't know the right way. Each client has their own correctness. The goal is to find the best solution together with the customer. For example, one person is looking for water. And the second one has a vine. They team up and find water.

The psychologist is not a friend.

Psychologists do not work with their family members and friends because this seriously impairs the efficiency of the process.

A psychologist does not have superpowers, not a magician.

Many people believe that a psychologist is a clairvoyant or psychic. Such superpowers as clairvoyance, the opening of the third eye, the control of the energy of the cosmos are not scientific and are not taught in psychological universities. Superpowers are studied by the science of parapsychology. The prefix "para" means "around". This is an area of near-psychological knowledge. The superpowers of a psychologist are nothing more than knowledge and skills acquired during training and verified by many years of experience.

If you have come with an “old” problem, you should not expect it to be resolved after one consultation.

A psychologist cannot solve all problems.

The psychologist does not solve the problem; in the course of psychotherapy, he creates conditions for the person to understand the reasons for the situation and choose the right solution for himself.

Services of a psychologist - for absolutely normal people!

Seeking help from a psychologist is neither an indicator of weakness nor a sign of mental illness. As already noted, psychologists work with healthy people. However, from time to time, all people need support and help from the outside. In our culture, the tradition of turning to psychologists has not yet taken root. Instead, it is customary to come to friends for help or to flood problems with alcohol. You can often hear "What am I crazy, or something, to go to psychologists?" The choice is always up to the individual. And a real psychologist does not impose his services. The initiative should always come from the person seeking advice.

The psychologist may have his own problems.

Psychologists are ordinary people who, like all mortals, can have problems. The advantage of a psychologist is that he is able to solve his problems more effectively. With psychological knowledge, it is much easier to understand what is the cause of the trouble that has arisen. During their training, and even after it, psychologists undergo personal psychotherapy, in which their problems are worked out.

Why going to a psychologist is better than talking with a girlfriend or friend.

It is possible that a heart-to-heart conversation with a girlfriend or friend will really relieve tension, it becomes easier and, undoubtedly, a close friend can sympathize with you, warm you with his participation and interest. But if the problem situation comes back again, then it makes sense to assume that talking does not help. What is the difference between a consultation with a psychologist and a heart-to-heart conversation? The main instrument of psychological work is conversation. After her, as well as after a conversation with a friend, you will feel better. However, the task of the therapeutic conversation is not only this. One support is not enough to break out of the vicious circle of unresolved problems; the psychologist has the tools to identify your destructive thoughts, reactions, behaviors. The goal is to recognize and find a positive replacement for them. One of the difficulties of the psychologist's job is to make the problem explicit to the client.

Working with a psychologist does not require much time and money.

It all depends on the task you want to solve and on the chosen psychologist. If you want to understand yourself, to understand in detail the reasons for your actions, to deal with children's fears and resentments - this cannot be done in a few sessions. It may take months or years to complete this task. And work with a psychoanalyst. Sometimes such work is justified, especially if working with psychologists from other areas has not brought results. And if you want to learn how to behave confidently, understand how to manage yourself in a situation of stress, or how to make friends, a psychoanalyst is not needed here. You can attend several sessions of a cognitive psychologist in order to understand how to proceed. Naturally, if you want to change your life for the better, you need to understand that you will have to spend energy on this.

No psychologist will be able to help me if I myself cannot understand myself.

Such an opinion often hides a reluctance to face the problem. After all, when we “boil in our own mess” it is much easier to find an excuse for ourselves and come up with a convenient reason for ourselves, which makes it difficult to understand ourselves. And if you go to a psychologist, what if he finds a solution? And you have to change something in yourself. Scary? Of course it's scary. For this, you need to go to a psychologist who will help you achieve success in finding a way out. You can consider the presence of a problem that bothers you in terms of benefit. It is like physical pain, which is very unpleasant, but has a useful protective function, signaling to a person that it is in the body that needs to be put in order. You can put up with the pain, take a painkiller, but the cause will remain. Also with the psychological problem. It has a certain positive function. For example, laziness may arise from the body's need to save energy or a signal that the thing you need to do is not at all what you would like. Or being overly emotional can satisfy a need to be seen by other people or diversify one's life.

Game "Smeshinka".

Let's start competing?

Who knows how to laugh better!

Boys like this: ha ha ha!

And the girls will laugh like this: hee hee hee!

Who recognizes himself in a rhyme

Well, of course, the girls ... (Hee hee hee.)

Who is always jumping around?

Energetic boys… (Ha ha ha.)

And who is in bright skirts here?

Our lovely girls!… (Hee hee hee.)

Who are the bullies?

Well, of course, boys! ... (Ha ha ha.)

Game "Christmas Treat"!

We will name a variety of goodies and delicious differences. If they are found in New Year's gifts, then you say "yes" in unison.

If what we will call does not come in sweet little bags, you say no. Deal?…

Are there candies in the bags? ... (Yes.)

And cabbage rolls with cabbage? ... (No.)

Different sweets? ... (Yes.)

Delicious cutlets? ... (No.)

Bagels, bagels? ... (Yes.)

From coffee cans? ... (No.)

Oranges, tangerines?... (Yes.)

Macaroni and sardines?… (No.)

Colored caramels?… (Yes.)

Smoked sausages? ... (No.)

Halva, raisins, nuts?… (Yes.)

Hot dumplings?… (No.)

Milk toffees?… (Yes.)

Sausages with mustard? ... (No.)

Garlic and eggplant?… (Yes.)

Apples, Bananas?… (No.)

Well done guys, bravo!

You answered well!

The game "Snowdrifts and snowflakes".

My favorite game is called Snowdrifts and Snowflakes.

We are not afraid of frost

We are careful in everything

I'll say "drifts" - we sit down,

I'll say "icicles" - we all get up.

As I say "snowflakes" - spinning,

"Herringbone" - we clap our hands.

Which one of you is attentive?

We will find out now.

The game is played with cheerful music. The lamb gives commands: snowdrifts, icicles, snowflakes, Christmas tree ... Increasing the pace of the game, the host tries to confuse the guys.

Dance - the game "Ta-ra-ram".

The characters perform a dance-game "Ta-ra-ram".

Right hand forward, and then her back,

And then again forward and shake a little.

We dance ta-ra-ram

Sing along louder to us

And clap your hands like this!

Ta-ra-ram! Ta-ra-ram!

Left hand forward...

Right foot forward...

Left foot forward...

The nose is the only forward ...

Together we jump forward, and then back again,

And then forward again, and then back again.

We dance ta-ra-ram

Sing along louder to us

And clap your hands like this!

Chorus: Ta - ra - ram! Ta-ra-ram!

Ta-ra-ram! Ta-ra-ram!

THIS IS ME, THIS IS ME, THIS IS ALL MY FRIENDS

The host, having learned the questions in advance, asks them to the children, who answer with the same phrase. Many more questions can be asked. The main thing is to have fun.

Who walks to school like a merry gang every day?

Which of you, say aloud, catches flies in class?