Wolfberry has been known to almost everyone since childhood, especially those who grew up or often visited the countryside. Wolf's eye or wolfberry looks like a currant - the fruits are small, round in shape. The berries themselves are red or black, depending on the type of plant. Now there is a huge hype around useful berry goji, which is used for a variety of purposes - treatment, weight loss, strengthening immunity. Wolfberry and goji have nothing in common, they are confused due to similar names - wolfberry (goji), a shrub originally from China, we know it under the name "common dereza", so you can not confuse it with a wolfberry.
Wolfberry - what is it
Why is the wolfberry so called? Everything is very simple, the name did not come from the fact that wolves or other forest animals feed on this bush. It’s just that the name has come from the old times, when the designation “wolf” meant everything evil, dangerous and harmful. Thus, everyone has known about the dangers of these berries for a very long time.
Wolfberry grows everywhere, found in the forests of America, as well as throughout Europe. Very common in central Russia, the Caucasus and Siberia. What does a wolfberry look like? Its description and properties can be found in any school biology textbook. The bush blooms very beautifully, the smell is intoxicating. By the way, thrushes love to feast on these berries. It is this bird that is the main seed carrier.
Privet is a small shrub on which round and small berries ripen. The shrub in the spring blooms very violently and beautifully, thanks to its small size(up to 5 m) is successfully used in landscape design. By autumn, the fruits ripen, and this is the mistake of many - they begin to be collected and used for food, to prepare teas and infusions. It is absolutely impossible to do this, because berries are poisonous and can cause not only poisoning, but also lead to death. Therefore, if you are interested in the question - is it possible to eat wolf berries - the answer is categorical - no!
Why are berries dangerous?
What happens if you eat a wolfberry? Almost 100% you can get poisoning and indigestion, but everything, of course, will depend on the amount. The fact is that the fruits contain solanine - the strongest poison, which provokes poisoning. If you do not provide first aid in a timely manner, do not call an ambulance, then a fatal outcome will be inevitable. About five berries can cause death.
Not only the fruits themselves are poisonous, but the entire shrub as a whole - branches, leaves. Thus, it is better not to touch the plant at all, but to admire it only from afar.
The composition of berries and bark contains a number of substances that cause poisoning. The main components are meserein, daphnetin, daphnin glycoside, coumarin. In almost all cases, poisoning does not go away without a trace, even after the treatment, various complications may occur, so it is very important to take all measures in a timely manner.
The wolf's bast berry causes severe poisoning, if you made a mistake and ate it, then the symptoms will be as follows:
- sensation of a burn of a mouth and all mucous;
- nausea, vomiting;
- profuse salivation, there may be difficulty in swallowing;
- diarrhea;
- eye inflammation, lacrimation;
- convulsions, general weakness are possible.
Wolfberry poisoning is severe, the degree will depend on the amount of fruit consumed. In its course, such poisoning has the form of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, death occurs mainly due to cardiac arrest.
If the juice of the plant gets on the skin, a burn or redness appears. With prolonged contact with the skin, the development of tumor-like destruction on the epidermis is quite possible. It is dangerous even to be near flowering plant- inhalation of pollen irritates the mucous membranes.
What to do in case of wolfberry poisoning
If a child or an adult ate a wolfberry, then you must immediately call ambulance and take first steps. First of all, it is necessary to remove the source of poisoning from the body, that is, induce vomiting. Suitable for this weak solution potassium permanganate (liquid should be light pink, not deep purple!). You can give the victim activated charcoal or any other sorbent. If possible, give the victim a cleansing enema.
Berry poisoning can cause convulsions and cardiac arrest. If there are heart preparations in the first-aid kit, it is necessary to give them to the patient following the recommendations and the correct dosage. After providing first aid, it is necessary to force the person to lie down, take a calm position and wait for the ambulance to arrive. In almost all cases, hospitalization and further inpatient treatment follow.
The whole wolfberry bush is poisonous, so if the juice gets on the skin or if the plant just scratched you, you need to wash the place with an antiseptic solution, if there is nothing at hand, potassium permanganate will do.
The dangers of using privet should be clear to everyone, it is especially important to convey this information to children. If you are planning a trip to the forest or live in the countryside, do not forget to tell your children about all the dangers that are fraught with attractive and tasty-looking berries. In addition to privet, there are many other plants, the touch of which can already carry unpleasant consequences.
Beneficial features
Many poisonous plants have beneficial features, but they must be able to use them correctly, otherwise it is very dangerous for life and can lead to unpredictable consequences.
Privet has long been used in conventional and folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases:
- of cardio-vascular system;
- kidneys and liver;
- neuroses and mental disorders;
- eye;
- joints.
Due to their toxicity, shrub products are not used in official medicine, but are used exclusively in homeopathy. Among the people, tinctures and decoctions from this plant are used to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, and colds. Privet has proven itself very well in folk medicine for the treatment of skin diseases.
Prepared tinctures and decoctions are never taken internally, they are used for rubbing, rinsing, lotions.
Plant blanks are made in the summer - branches, leaves are collected, roots are dug out. In autumn, you can harvest the fruits of the shrub.
It is worth remembering that in the event of any disease, self-treatment can be dangerous, especially if you prepare homemade tinctures and poisons from toxic plants. Remember that the plant contains a dangerous and poisonous substance, which even in small doses leads to heart failure, can cause cardiac arrest and death.
Application in everyday life
Privet has proven itself as a poison for agricultural needs. With its help, infusions are prepared against Colorado potato beetles and other pests.. Such a poison is only suitable for root crops, spray it with other plants and fruit trees highly discouraged, especially immediately before collection. It is best to spray in the spring, when the leaves are just beginning to form, there is no flowering and fruit. The use of this poison suburban area can be compared with simple chemicals Therefore, care must also be taken to use a mask and rubber gloves when spraying.
Previously, ink was made from black privet berries. Wolfberry is quite often found on suburban areas and in urban areas as a hedge. The shrub is quite dense, with beautiful leaves and lush bloom. It is drought-resistant, unpretentious in care. With the right circumcision, you can get a beautiful and perfect hedge up to 5 meters high. Now several varieties of common privet are artificially bred specifically for hedges. They can differ in color (during flowering), height, care features. In most cases, no special care is required - timely watering and pruning.
Thanks to the Internet and the spread of information about the miraculous goji berries, many people have already encountered an unpleasant situation - a mistake in collecting wolfberries instead of dereza. Keep in mind that real goji berries grow exclusively in the provinces of China. Some gardeners even grow these shrubs at home, but this is a long and laborious process. Dereza shrub in wild environment It is also quite rare, but in our territories it is the dangerous and poisonous privet that is most often found, the use of which can lead to death.
Pay attention to others dangerous bushes, which appearance leaves and berries can be similar to a wolfberry - red-fruited corow, red elderberry, snowberry, crow's eye, brittle buckthorn. When eating all the berries from such bushes, 100% poisoning appears. Symptoms are common - vomiting, diarrhea, nausea. It is necessary to provide timely first aid and send the victim to the hospital.
Hello dear reader!
July, and especially August, is the season of the most diverse forest berries. Strawberries and blueberries, currants, bird cherry, raspberries, and closer to autumn - lingonberries. Yes, and others ... You just need to remember that there are poisonous berries in our forest! Let them not be many, but poisonous berries need to know. And it is especially important that children know them well!
All sorts of ratings and TOPs are now in vogue. Well, I will also present a kind of TOP of poisonous berries. The criteria are simple - the poisonousness of the plant and its prevalence and accessibility for those who can, most often accidentally, out of ignorance, poison them. Well, let's get started...
It is a common inhabitant of deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. Occurs very often. The appearance of the plant is peculiar, it is almost impossible to confuse it with another. A whorled arrangement of leaves, a single flower, and then a fruit, which is alone at the top of the stem.
The whole plant is poisonous - both leaves and rhizome. But the berries of the crow's eye are especially poisonous. Large, black, shiny, it really resembles the eye of a crow. And very attractive, especially for children. But the crow's eye berry is deadly! The substance paristifin from the group of saponins causes convulsions, disrupts the work of the heart. Which can stop!
In folk medicine, there are a number of recipes using the crow's eye for the treatment of certain diseases. However, you need to know:
Due to its extreme danger, the use of the crow's eye for any medical purposes forbidden!
Out of curiosity, "berries" can be enjoyed by children. In case of poisoning, urgent health care! Children with early age you need to introduce this plant and explain that you should never touch it.
Wolf's bast (wolfberry)
about this interesting bush forest. Highly beautiful in spring, the wolf's bast is very attractive in August, when its large red berries ripen. However, the whole plant - and leaves, and bark, and fruits - is poisonous!
It should not even be picked up in order to avoid skin burns. Especially - to taste the berries. The result will be severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract.
Wolfberry, or wolf's bast
Wolfberry is a medicinal plant. It is widely used in folk medicine. Yes, and the modern pharmacopoeia is interested in this plant! But this does not mean at all that nature lovers should be “interested” in them (only through the camera!). And even more so, children should be warned about the danger of a wolf's bark!
May lily of the valley
Dangerous and such a very beloved plant, like lily of the valley!
May lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) is the only representative of the lily-of-the-valley genus of the lily family (however, here, too, taxonomy issues are quite controversial and are constantly being refined).
Lily of the valley is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, but especially in Europe. True, due to immoderate fees, the natural habitats of this beautiful plant are constantly decreasing. However, lily of the valley has long been a garden plant.
It is a perennial with a thin creeping rhizome. There are several leaves in the rosette, but the lower ones are very small and inconspicuous, similar to scales. But two large broadly lanceolate leaves with arcuate venation are hard to miss (and confuse with the leaves of another plant). A flower-bearing stem grows between the leaves, bearing a brush of graceful fragrant flowers.
Many years ago, the author came across a small clearing (ten by fifteen meters) in the forest, the grass cover of which consisted almost entirely of lily of the valley leaves! True, it was already the second half of July, and flowering had long ended. it is not for nothing that it is called May, it blooms in May - early June.
Lily of the valley is not only an excellent ornamental, but also a recognized medicinal plant. Recognized not only by folk, but also by official medicine. Preparations from lily of the valley treat the cardiovascular system. Main active ingredients- glycosides convalatoxin, convallotoxol, convalloside. They are obtained from the leaves and flowers of the plant.
But an overdose of the drug can lead to disruption of the heart! Therefore, you should never self-medicate - it is very dangerous!
You can get poisoned just out of curiosity - by tasting beautiful red berries! Especially often this happens again with children! But for the fruits of the lily of the valley it is not necessary to go to the forest. And yes, it's rare! They are common in our flower beds!
Lily of the valley berries (photo from the Internet)
By the way, it’s also not worth collecting large bouquets of lily of the valley in the spring, putting them in a vase in a room is also not worth it - a large amount of substances released into the air is by no means safe for health.
Voronets spiked. Voronet krasnoplodny
Voronets spiky - perennial herbaceous plant from the buttercup family. As you can see in the photo, he has large compound leaves with serrated margins. It grows in shady forests - broad-leaved, mixed, coniferous-small-leaved. In such a secondary spruce-birch-aspen forest with an undergrowth of currants and raspberries. With a developed grass cover, I discovered it. The range of the black crow is almost all of Europe, the south of the forest zone of Western Siberia and Altai.
The whole plant is poisonous! After all, his organs contain a whole set of alkaloids and transaconitic acid. Even juice that gets on the skin can cause burning and blisters. Berries are no exception. Adults can use them out of curiosity and out of ignorance. But above all, children suffer again! But even two or three berries for a child is a significant dose!
True, the plant itself warns of its danger. Its smell is very unpleasant!
Like many poisonous plants, it is used folk medicine. Official medicine does not recognize him!
From the berries of the crow, black dye was obtained for dyeing wool.
A close relative of the spiked crow is the red-fruited crow. But if he is an inhabitant of Europe, and in Siberia it is already becoming rare, then the red-fruited raven widely populates the forest zone in the Far East, in Eastern and Western Siberia. It is also found in the north of the European part.
Voronets krasnoplodny (photo from the Internet)
In appearance, it is similar to a relative, differing primarily in the color of the fruits - they are red.
Also a highly poisonous plant! The high amount of alkaloids found in all organs of the plant make it potentially dangerous for the curious berry lover!
Although this crow "nobly" warns about itself with a smell so characteristic that it was named "skunk".
The plant is widely used in folk medicine. However, remember:
You need to be treated by specialists! Self-treatment is dangerous, because it can very easily turn into its direct opposite. And such a “treatment” with poisonous plants is especially dangerous!
The fruits of the black crow were also used to obtain black paint. Hence, by the way, the name. After all, “crow” just means “black”.
The whole plant is highly poisonous. Its constituent alkaloids of the atropine group can cause very severe poisoning. It can even result in death due to paralysis. respiratory system and cardiac arrest.
Belladonna (photo from the Internet)
Its range is beech and hornbeam forests of Central and of Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, Crimea, Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa. AT Krasnodar Territory grown on plantations (for medicinal purposes). Although the plant is very poisonous, meet it in vivo most people in Russia are unlikely to have to. Although, of course, you need to know it! Therefore, in my rating of poisonous berries, its place is by no means the highest.
By the way, "belladonna" in translation from Italian - " beautiful woman". Yes and Russian name consonant. And this is due to the fact that the juice of the plant was instilled into the eyes to dilate the pupils and rubbed their cheeks to enhance the blush. Beauty truly requires sacrifice!
In thickets of bushes, along the banks of water bodies, along wastelands in the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia, bittersweet nightshade is often found in Ukraine and Belarus.
Its flowers are similar to those of other nightshades, especially potatoes. Oblong red berries are very reminiscent of small tomatoes.
Medicinal plant, very widely used in folk medicine and homeopathy. However, nightshade leaves and berries are poisonous! They should be treated by a specialist!
You should not eat berries (for the sake of curiosity). The glycoside dulcamarine contained in them acts like atropine, causing disturbances in the central nervous systems s, breathing and work of the heart.
In addition to very poisonous berries, carrying great danger even if they are accidentally consumed, there are berries in our forests ... not that poisonous, but simply inedible. Severe poisoning when they are used will not. But trouble is almost certainly guaranteed! In my TOP of poisonous berries, these plants, of course, will take the last places.
The fruits ripen in August. These are black drupes, sitting on cuttings in the axils of the leaves. The fruits and bark of buckthorn are medicinal raw materials. They are used by traditional medicine as an emetic and laxative (official medicine recognizes only the bark).
The fruits are readily eaten by birds. In humans, their use can cause unpleasant consequences caused precisely by their medical properties - that is, vomiting and diarrhea (diarrhea).
Widespread forest shrub with very attractive-looking red berries, sitting mostly in pairs (that's how - in pairs - its flowers sit on the plant). Forest honeysuckle is widely used in landscaping as an ornamental shrub.
Berries are eagerly pecked by birds. For humans, they are inedible, and the consequences can be similar to the consequences of eating buckthorn.
In Eastern Siberia, in the Far East, forest honeysuckle is replaced in nature by a similar species, but already with oblong blue berries covered with a wax coating. These fruits are edible. And the shrub was called edible honeysuckle. It is widely cultivated, often planted in gardens and parks. Sometimes it can get wild. bird-dispersed seeds edible honeysuckle they can also make an “escape to nature”!
In general, you need to remember a simple rule. In nature, you should never "taste" anything you are not familiar with! This applies to plants almost more than anything else. After all, they contain many substances, the presence of which in your body, and even in significant concentrations, can be very undesirable! So poisonous berries may well get caught.
You should also not self-medicate. Especially would not advise using recipes from the Internet! If you want to turn to traditional medicine, then it's better to find a grandmother who "knows".
That's about all I have for today. And without that, I am writing a short post ... the third day. Not in a blogging way...
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Category: Tags: ,60 comments to “ Poisonous berries. TOP dangerous berries of our forest”
- Alexander Ivanovich
Hello, Alexander!
I read the article with interest. I know almost all these plants by sight. Yes, and I do not neglect the rule
But I will definitely show these dangerous inhabitants of the forests to my grandchildren. They often go to forest areas with their parents.
Thanks for the great article!Reply ↓
- blacksmiths
Alexander, I once foolishly ate bearberry in the Kich-Gorodets region. It even seemed delicious to me. Then he vomited all evening.
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- Alexander
@ : Alexander Ivanovich, hello! Glad to see you on my blog! Absolutely right, it must be shown.
Reply ↓
- Alexander
@ : Alexander, hello! You are, of course, absolutely right. Bearberry is a berry, although not poisonous, but not edible. So she will find a place in my TOP ...
Unfortunately, it doesn't work for me. There is a lot of it in the Ostashevsk forests. But you won’t turn back there quickly ... Bearberry is a very good medicinal plant. Yes, and its features are very interesting. I just don’t really want to write an article with “borrowed” photographs. Maybe we'll meet again in the woods.Reply ↓
- Olga Bogach
A much needed article! Children who grew up in the city do not know what can and cannot be eaten in the forest. Yes, and in cities there are bushes with pretty berries, from which there are poisonings. As a child, my daughter tried berries from a bush, it’s good that she didn’t get poisoned much, she didn’t have to go to the doctor.
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- Natabul
I did not even know that so many poisonous berries exist. But I know one rule: There is nothing in the forest!
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- Igor
Alexander, thank you very much for the article. As an avid mushroom picker and berry picker, such an article will be very useful to me. In nature, we often met the raven eye, honeysuckle. Lily of the valley in the south.
So we have one poisonous berry in the forest, which everyone bypasses. Honestly, I did not find it in your TOP. We call her "wolf's bast"
Here is the image
or here
What is this berry?
We have one friend she was very poisoned. Went to the forest. Well, there is nothing, he says: no lingonberries, no blueberries ... nothing. She take and eat these berries. In general, it was great food poisoning. Fell into a coma. But then somehow she got out.
Now I don't go to the forest at all. Honestly, I don’t understand why, it’s so cool there!Reply ↓
- Alexander
@ : Hello Olga! That's right, in childhood, adults explained such things to us in passing - you can’t eat this, this ...
As for the various berries in the city, nothing should be eaten there. Even obviously edible. Plants take in a lot of air from the air. harmful substances. And even they accumulate. The main goal of landscaping is to purify the air. And plants select those that can withstand this polluted air.Reply ↓
- Alexander
@ : Well, there aren't many poisonous berries in the forest... But they are. And why not eat in the forest, say, strawberries, blueberries or raspberries? Yes to health! You can not taste unfamiliar berries!
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- Alexander
@ : Hello, Igor! I had to tinker a little with the publication of your comment, and still only one link passed, and that was changed (closed from indexing). The second, even closed, turns out to be a bat. Therefore, removed. Although both were opened from the admin panel.
Essentially. Not quite, however, I understood how your friend could be poisoned at the same time by two completely different plants? In the first picture, undoubtedly, arctous is a plant of the heather family, close to bearberry, common in the tundra. Judging by the information that I found - inedible or inedible, but not poisonous. Like our forest bearberry.
I haven't been able to pinpoint the plant in the second picture yet. This photo roams the Internet from site to site, one and the same, apparently. With signatures like "wolf's bast", "wolfberry". But this is not a wolf's bast (it is also a wolfberry)! The only thing these plants have in common is the color of the berries! Agree, this is not enough! Thus, it turns out that in the language of the military is called "disinformation" (that is, disinformation). In the case of poisonous plants - and the wolf's bark is very poisonous! — such disinformation is not safe, alas. That's why I wanted to post that picture.
Perhaps I will do this when I can still accurately identify the plant.
It is difficult to judge from a photograph what the life form of a plant is - what it is: a herbaceous plant, a lingonberry-type shrub or a shrub. If you have seen him in nature, please write.
But most of all it looks like some kind of honeysuckle. And by the leaves, by their location. And by fruit.Reply ↓
- Alexander
By the way, it is possible to fall into a coma after eating berries. Provided that a person is allergic to them. Unfortunately, sometimes he may not be aware of it! There are people who have allergic reaction for raspberries, strawberries, etc. But, alas, it can take place not only in the form of red spots on the skin ... Maybe even anaphylactic shock, but this is fraught with the most serious consequences. So your friend, Igor, should probably consult an allergist.
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- Svetlana
Why do some people eat nightshade? I know those. We have a lot of it. Maybe it can be of several types?
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- Alexander
@ : Hello Svetlana! There is another nightshade - black. Here you can eat its berries, they are also used as a filling for pies. But only ripe berries, black, are suitable for food. The unripe, as well as the leaves, stems of the plant contain the poisonous alkaloid soladinin. Black nightshade has white flowers, not the purple ones of bittersweet.
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- Igor
@ :
I don’t know, but this berry grows everywhere with us. People call it that. Unfortunately, I'm not a biologist, so I can't argue with you.
Low growing shrub. Grows in the forest everywhere. It grows on the hills 50 meters from my house. Often comes across with lingonberries. But it is easy to distinguish - the berries are soft. Not like a strong lingonberry. You press these - they will immediately crush. They will come out with white pulp. The size of a lingonberry. The shape is imperfectly spherical.
What else…
And as for the coma... You may be right - an allergy. It was a long time ago, it is difficult to verify this fact.Reply ↓
- Alexander
@ : Igor, thanks for the description. I'll try to find something in the literature. But I say that it looks like some kind of honeysuckle. And of our honeysuckles, only one is edible - with blue oblong berries, it is with Far East, but very widely settled by man. The rest are inedible.
And the plants in the photographs are really different ... I am writing about the second picture, the link to which I had to delete (it opens from the admin panel, after publication - “not found”). But this is definitely not a wolf's bast! There are a number of plants that have the local name "wolf berries" (by the way, the honeysuckle of the forest - too!). And since the country is large, it is still difficult to deal with all the wolfberries. Yes, it's not the name. Just don't take a berry you don't know for sure is edible! There are many perfectly edible mushrooms that we call grebes and never pick. And nothing bad happens to us. As they say, in this case it is better to overdo it ...Reply ↓
- Alexander
@ : If you mean the first picture (the link from your first comment opens) - this is arctous. Creeping shrub, common throughout the Arctic. Close to bearberry. And apparently, like her, inedible. However, I read that the Eskimos eat ... But it was still not an Eskimo who wrote it. Yes, and many plants that we will never eat now were often eaten by our grandparents (and my parents, too), for example, during the hungry war years
Reply ↓
- Igor
Alexander, and you can make tree-like comments. Probably not only I get confused in the comments. Where is the answer, and where is the question, I understand only by meaning. It's very difficult to have a discussion.
Thank you.Reply ↓
- Alexandra Polina
I haven’t seen many of the listed berries - but you need to take note, you never know? In general, we try to follow the rule with the children - in the forest, don’t collect or eat anything you don’t know - for one edible berry - five dangerous ones come across.
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- Alla
And we ate nightshade in childhood, only black. And alive, thank God. But belladonna... now I will know what it is, otherwise I only heard and read it.
In the forest, in general, I try not to take anything unfamiliar.Reply ↓
- Alexei
Interesting article! As a child, my father often showed me which berries were poisonous and which were not. Most often in the forests of the Tyumen region there is a crow's eye, less often - a wolfberry.
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- Vadar
Nothing, there are so many poisonous berries in the forest! Thank you for introducing us to them!
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- Anatoly
My parents took me with my brother of sizmalism to the forest. So in practice we have mastered the basic rule - If there is even a slight doubt, then it is better not to touch the plant. Be it berries, mushrooms, or flowers.
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- Galina
Good night =)
Interesting article, yes. I planned to open a similar topic at my place, and tell there that in our forests it’s not worth pulling into your mouth (and indeed, touching it once again), but so far I don’t have time, and here the summer is already running out, now, if If I meet something that is dangerous in the forests, then I’ll write =) if, of course, I recognize plants =) because I’m still a botanist =)) and attentiveness is sometimes lameReply ↓
- Alexei
The information is very instructive and the photos are a good visual accompaniment. Many have become very detached from nature. Therefore, poisoning occurs, because some poisonous berries look so appetizing.
Reply ↓
- Dmitry
Familiar berries. From childhood, taught to pass by.
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- Alexander
As a child, my friend and I ate some wolfberries, 10-15 pieces each, and nothing happened to us.
It was we who then thought that these were wolf berries, but now from the article with pictures I realized that it was “forest honeysuckle”))
We have a lot of crow's eye in the Urals, but as far as I remember, nightshade was dark in color. Toli blue or black. I also tried it))Reply ↓
- Alexander
Alexander! One of the names of forest honeysuckle is wolf berries. Not very poisonous - rather inedible. may cause diarrhea and vomiting. But 10 berries is not the right dose.
Nightshade still exists black (another species). Not to be confused - bittersweet nightshade, with red berries, poisonous. However, the unripe fruits of black nightshade are also red, and also poisonous!
- Alexander
For modern residents of the metropolis, a walk through the forest is an incomparable rest and joy. Fresh air, the tart smell of sun-warmed leaves creates a special mood, restores energy and vitality.
And it’s also so interesting to arrange a “silent hunt” for mushrooms and berries! With mushrooms, everything is more or less clear: we are regularly informed and reminded of dangerous species. But with berries it is more difficult. They all seem harmless, and at first glance it is very difficult to distinguish poisonous berries. Therefore, very often in the summer you can read in the news about poisoning with compote from or about severe intestinal disorders after eating fresh.
Let's see what poisonous and inedible berries is in our lane.
Wolfberry (wolfberry)
This is a low shrub that blooms with white or light pink flowers, similar to lilacs. The fruits appear directly on the stem, ripen in July. Outwardly, the wolfberry is very attractive: bright red, shiny, juicy. Children are drawn to try these beautiful fruits. It is not difficult, because the shrub is grown as ornamental plant around houses, in city parks and gardens.
However, the wolfberry is entirely poisonous - both the leaves, the bark, and the fruits are dangerous because they contain the toxic substance daphne. If you touch the bark or rub the leaves, red, itchy spots and blisters can appear on the skin. In more severe injuries, necrosis of individual skin areas occurs.
Wolfberry also leads to severe food poisoning - for this it is enough to eat only a dozen fruits. There is a strong secretion of saliva, pain in the stomach, vomiting and convulsions, rises heat. The work of the intestines and kidneys is disturbed. recovery even with timely assistance going on for a long time.
Belladonna
it beautiful shrub with dark green leaves that blooms in solitary large purple or purple flowers. The fruits are black, slightly flattened, similar in size and shape to small cherries. The taste is sweet and juicy.
Belladonna berries rank first in terms of toxicity, since they contain three types of poison at once: atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine. Even a small amount of fruit can result in a slow and painful death.
Snowberry
This is an ornamental, extremely frost-resistant plant. It blooms all summer with pink elegant inflorescences, and in September-October it begins to bear fruit with white juicy balls about a centimeter in diameter. Berries adorn the shrub for a very long time - until the middle of winter.
The fruits of the snowberry are highly poisonous and can be fatal.
Buckthorn (magpie berries)
This shrub blooms with small greenish-white flowers, in place of which small berries then appear. Unripe fruits are light red, while mature fruits are black. The use of buckthorn berries is not fatal, but leads to quite severe nausea and vomiting.
The low bushes of this plant are found only in the forest, they can be confused with blueberries or blueberries. But it is not difficult to distinguish: the berry grows singly, in the middle of a four-leaf corolla it has a very bad smell. One or two berries are not very dangerous, but large quantity may lead to vomiting and diarrhea.
And buckthorn, and affect only gastrointestinal tract. The well-known honeysuckle also belongs to such toxic, but non-lethal berries.
Adults, as a rule, are careful not to try unfamiliar wild specimens. But children can be tempted by beautiful multi-colored fruits.
What to do if the child managed to taste poisonous berries?
First, you need to induce vomiting as soon as possible. Before that, let the child drink a little weak to oxidize in the stomach.
After the stomach has cleared, it is necessary to drink the child with a mixture of crushed activated carbon and water.
If possible, you need to do an enema to clean the intestines.
If there is inflammation on the skin, then wash the damaged areas with a solution of potassium permanganate.
After providing first aid, be sure to go to the hospital.
Wolf's bast(wolfberry, wolfberry, wolfberry, daphne, Daphne) - an evergreen semi-deciduous or deciduous shrub from the Timeleev family ( Thymelaeaceae). AT kind daphne about 50-95 species growing in Europe, Asia and North America In nature wolf's bast grows in forests, lowlands and highlands. Wolfmen, originating from mountainous areas, are usually deciduous and more frost-resistant, and those that live in the lowlands are evergreen and more thermophilic. In Russia wolf's bast refers to endangered plants, all of its species are listed in the Red Book.
Wolfberry- one of the earliest flowering shrubs, some species bloom literally "from under the snow." In winter (in warmer regions) or in early spring(in central Russia) wolf's bast covered with a cloud of delicate and unusually fragrant flowers, which are white, cream, pink, purple and crimson flowers. wolfberry flowers bisexual tubular star-shaped with four petals. After the end of flowering wolf's bark bright berries are formed. Due to the fact that the flowering of some species wolfberry falls at the very beginning of the season, when the activity of pollinating insects is still relatively low, on some shrubs there are very few berries.
Bark wolf's bark very tough and durable. Bast, ropes, ropes and paper were produced from it ( Daphne mezereum, Daphne bholua). It is to this property that the plant owes its name.
Wolf bast (Daphne): planting, care, reproduction
Majority wolves prefers moist, permeable soils with plenty of humus, partially protected location and partial shade. Some species can tolerate both full shade and open space ( Daphne bholua), but will not tolerate prolonged overheating of the roots. During hot periods of the year wolfberry watering required.
wolf grow up slow and do not need pruning. They also really dislike having their roots disturbed. Therefore, adult transplantation should be avoided whenever possible. wolfberry bushes, and young ones should be transplanted once, with a clod of earth, immediately to a permanent place. propagate wolves green or semi-woody summer cuttings, grafting in cool periods of the year, root suckers in spring or seeds. Kinds Daphne, giving many root processes, you can propagate with their help, trying not to disturb root system mother plant.
wolves occasionally affected by viruses, gray mold and aphids.
Daphne (wolf's bast) in garden design
wolf looks great in natural forest gardens among other trees and shrubs: because of their low height, they are well suited for the front edge of a shrub border. Walking along the path past the blooming wolf's bark, you can feel its exquisite aroma. Due to its compactness, daphne are of particular interest to small gardens. Can be grown wolf's bast and as an informal fence.
traditional neighbors wolfberry in the garden are rhododendron, azalea, camellia, magnolia, mahonia, witch hazel and other early flowering and shade-tolerant shrubs and trees. Not far from daphne traditional spring bulbs and primroses can be successfully grown.
All parts wolf's bark poisonous! Juice in contact with skin plants causes serious irritation, and if ingested - food poisoning, up to death. Special care must be taken by those who have children. In this case wolf's berries it is better to cut off immediately after their formation, until they have acquired a bright red color that is attractive to children.
Types and varieties of wolfberry in horticultural culture
Wolfberry ordinary deadly, wolf's bast (Daphne mezereum)- compact (up to 1 m in height) forest shrub, widely distributed in Eurasia, the Moscow Region and the Middle Strip. Mass flowering occurs on new shoots before the opening of the first leaves. The flowers are white (in the form alba), cream or lilac-pink, red berries. Frost resistance: from climatic zone 4.
- one of the most valuable species in culture due to early flowering. Comes from East Asia and the Himalayas. Upright plant up to 2.5 m. Winter hardiness limit - zone 6. Varieties: Darjeeling(earliest flowering) Alba, Peter Smithers, Jacqueline Postill, Glacialis Ghurka.
Fragrant wolf (Daphne odora)- lush shrub up to 1.5 m, originating from China. The flowers are white, with dark pink tips, very fragrant. There is a two-color and very cold-resistant form Aureomarginata, the dark green leaves of which are decorated with a narrow uneven yellowish border around the edge (see photo).
Tangut wolf (Daphne tangutica)– medium size (up to 1 m) evergreen shrub spherical shape with narrow dark green leaves up to 8 cm in length. The flowers are fragrant, light pink inside and pink-lilac outside, located at the ends of the shoots, the berries are red. Blooms in late spring - early summer. Within the species there is a group of dwarf evergreen shrubs with large red berries. Retusa(sometimes plants are called that, Daphne retusa ). Frost resistance limit: zone 7.
Wolf x Berkwood (Daphne x burkwoodii)- compact semi-deciduous shrub, up to 1 m high and wide, with small pink-purple flowers late spring. Cold resistance - from zone 4.
wolf x neopolitan (Daphne x napolitana)- compact heat-loving evergreen shrub, up to 75 cm high. Cold resistance limit: zone 7.
Wolf wolf (Daphne cneorum)- a small (up to 50 cm in height) evergreen ground cover shrub with narrow oblong leaves and bright pink flowers at the ends of the shoots.
Bay wolf (Daphne laureola)- a rare species originating from the Mediterranean, characterized by high shade tolerance.
Dapne patraea with large color Grandiflora.
Daphne x transatlantica "Blafra"- with fragrant flowers that appear on the plant throughout the summer
And plant science does not have such a thing as "wolf"; in fact, it is a collective name for a number of berries, which are distinguished by toxic properties. These include:
- belladonna,
- dereza,
- wolfberry,
- raven eye,
- brittle buckthorn,
- snowman.
The berries look like shrubs, up to 1.5 meters high with rare and round berries of a bright red hue, sometimes of blue color. In the toxicological departments of hospitals, you can often see photos of these plants, because they serve common cause poisoning.
Daphne
This very poisonous plant is found quite often in forests. middle lane. All parts of it are poisonous, and the berries and leaves contain a high concentration of toxic substances.
Many also call the berries "wolf's bast."
Berries have a pronounced spicy taste, so even without knowing what it is dangerous berry, it is unlikely that a person will be able to eat it in in large numbers. Although, on the other hand, even 10 pieces can cause death, it all depends on the human body.
Symptoms of poisoning appear quickly, they are as follows:
- vomit,
- burning sensation in the mouth,
- nausea,
- convulsions,
weakness and even loss of consciousness.
First aid for poisoning
A person who has eaten the fruits of the wolfberry must be given first aid. Gastric lavage is usually done, toxins are removed with the help of activated carbon or other sorbents. In stationary conditions, a course of therapy is carried out aimed at restoring the natural biochemical composition of the blood.
Skin lesions can be caused by contact with wolfberry leaves and bark. In this case, blisters, redness appear on the surface, peeling begins quickly.
It will be possible to wash the affected areas of the skin with a solution of potassium permanganate. Further treatment will be prescribed by a dermatologist.
Hazardous Ingredients
If we consider the composition of wolf berries, then the main substance there will be meserine. This substance is very toxic, causes irritation of the mucous membrane and skin. Other components of the wolfberry cause severe bleeding, so in the villages, healers gave a decoction of berries to women who wanted to terminate a pregnancy ... often at the cost of own life.
Some medicines wolfberry is included as an assistant in the treatment of kidneys, immune and nervous systems. But it is worth remembering that for medicine it undergoes a series of treatments and loses its poisonous properties.
