Instruction
The black pepper liana is called "Piper nigrum" and sometimes reaches a length of 6 m. In the wild, tall trees become a support for it, and on plantations it is allowed to grow on special props-shields. As a result of formation and care on plantations, black pepper is a climbing shrub and can reach a height of 15 m. Pepper leaves are 8 to 10 cm long, they are shiny, hard and leathery, ovoid and gray-green in color. Black pepper blooms with small white flowers, which are collected in hanging brushes or clusters. After the end of flowering, a cluster of round fruits is formed, which are green and soft at first, then harden or turn yellow. Ripe black pepper fruits are drupes with a hard shell, spherical shape, with a burning taste both fresh and dried. Essential oils from them volatilize if stored improperly. The pepper should not be exposed to direct sunlight and it is better to store it in a sealed container.
The use of black pepper is useful for people with cardiovascular diseases, as it has the ability to thin the blood and cleanse the blood vessels. It is a very good seasoning for meat and fish dishes, as well as for some vegetables. Black pepper is grown on plantations in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Java, Sumatra and Borneo, with Sumatra being the main exporter of black pepper to the market. Black pepper begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting, and its growth on some plantations is initially limited, and it does not exceed 5-6 m. both black and green. They begin to collect pepper when its fruits acquire a reddish color, then, in the process of drying, the pepper shrinks and turns black. High quality black pepper should be dark, firm and heavy. There is an ancient measure of quality for this - 1000 grains of pepper should weigh exactly 460 grams. Unripe fruits of black pepper in many tropical countries are preserved in salt and vinegar, in this marinade they acquire a delicate and delicate aroma.
Like all heat-loving tropical plants, black pepper does not like cold weather and at temperatures below 10 ° C it already dies. Therefore, it is quite difficult to grow it in the middle lane. Frosts will destroy the pepper instantly, and it will not be possible to save such a plant. Pepper liana can grow in an apartment on the windowsill, if it has enough sunlight and space. The plant is very moisture-loving and does not tolerate overdrying of the soil around its roots. Choose for growing peppers protected from direct sunlight, but a bright window sill. Pepper can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering, and in some cases by dividing the bush from the root.
Allspice, or Jamaican, pepper is grown on plantations and harvested from 50 to 75 kg of fruit per tree. This healthy spice with a savory taste can be bought at any grocery store, or you can cultivate it at home and flavor hot chocolate and various dishes with fragrant ground allspice grown on your own.
The spice is made from the unripe fruit of the perennial pimenta officinalis tree. This pepper is also called Jamaican. This tree grows in countries with a tropical climate - India, Brazil, Cuba and Jamaica.
Pimenta fruits are blue-green in color and are harvested by hand before ripening so that they do not lose their aroma. After the fruits are dried for 5 to 10 days in the sun or in a special dryer, cleaned, sorted and sent to stores in whole or ground form. In the photo, peppercorns are brown. This is what they look like after drying.
The use and taste difference between allspice and black pepper
Black and allspice are two different trees. Black pepper is a vine that belongs to the pepper family and grows in India. Allspice is a large tree up to 10 m high from the myrtle family. Black pepper is smaller and darker than allspice and spicier in taste.
Allspice is milder, its taste reminiscent of a mixture of cinnamon, black pepper, cloves and nutmeg. Allspice peas are added to marinades, meat sauces and meat soups. Before use, they are removed from the dish. Allspice powder is added to the dough for gingerbread, muffins and cookies.
Interesting. Pimento oil, which is found in allspice, is used in the production of liqueurs.
The nuances of home growing
Allspice seeds for cultivation are bought from gardening stores or extracted from dried allspice peas.
Seeds are planted, like other seedlings, in March-April.
If it is colder than 10 degrees in winter, it is better not to plant allspice in open ground. This heat-loving spice is suitable for a winter garden or a glazed loggia. 
How sweet peas grow at home
It is necessary to prepare in advance everything that is needed for future plants.
Seed selection and preplant preparation
Experienced gardeners advise using large seeds from several fruits to increase the likelihood of their germination. To make it easier to transplant plants into the ground or a pot, it is better to plant the seeds in separate peat cups. Pour the sand into cups, lightly tamp, moisten and make small holes for the seeds.
Attention. The seeds have a fairly strong peel, therefore, in order to speed up the emergence of seedlings, they are soaked in water heated to 40-50 degrees for a day before planting.
Conditions and growing seedlings
After soaking, the seeds are planted for germination in sand, which must be constantly moist. If the air in the room is too dry, the seedlings are sprayed daily with water from a spray bottle.
Transplanting into pots and care
If the seeds were not originally planted in separate peat cups, the seedlings are transplanted into a container with fertilized soil.
You can buy ready-made soil or mix garden soil with peat or humus yourself.
Pepper sprouts 3 cm high are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm, the distance between seedlings in one container should be at least 10 cm.
picking
Plants are transplanted into the ground before the onset of hot weather at an air temperature of at least 20 degrees. Pimenta does not withstand transplanting well due to the special structure of the root system and fragile stems.
For better adaptation, seedlings are planted together with a clod of earth at a distance of 14 cm from each other.
Humidity level
With insufficient watering of seedlings, the tips of the leaves darken, and with excessive watering, the leaves turn yellow. Water seedlings every 2-3 days. In the heat, water daily, without increasing the amount of water. 
Temperature and lighting
Jamaican pepper is a tropical plant, so the seedling container is placed in a bright, warm place and covered with glass and cellophane to create a greenhouse effect.
The air temperature should be at least 20 degrees, the optimum temperature is 25-28 degrees.
Feeding
Yellow seedling leaves indicate nutrient deficiencies in the soil. Seedlings are fed with a universal fertilizer for indoor plants every 14 days in spring and summer.
Reproduction methods and basic mistakes
In addition to propagation by seeds, allspice is bred by cuttings and layering. 
The cuttings are separated from the grown plant and rooted in a greenhouse at a temperature of 25 degrees in the soil from one part of leafy soil and two parts of sand. Leaf soil is the humus from the leaves of deciduous trees. The cuttings take root for 20 days, after which they are planted in pots with a mixture of peat, humus, leaf soil and sand in equal proportions.
When propagated by layering, horizontal shoots are attached to the ground with special pins. With sufficient light and humidity, the shoots quickly give roots. After that, they are seated in separate pots.
The main mistakes in breeding and their consequences:
- burns and death of plants from direct sunlight;
- wilting of plants due to dry soil and air;
- wilting and yellowing of plants due to excessive watering;
- death of plants from lack of nutrients in the soil.
Harvest of the first harvest
Allspice bears fruit 6 years after planting. 
MALABA BERRY
Black pepper grows in the subtropics, so the climatic conditions of our country do not suit it at all. But why not try to grow an overseas spice on the windowsill?
BLACK PEPPER = INDIAN ROOTS
But at first I wanted to know where black pepper came from. As it turned out, it began its distribution from India from the Malabar coast. Therefore, it was popularly called the Malabar berry.
Culture has nothing to do with hot red or bell peppers. (Those belong to the nightshade family, and this one belongs to the pepper family.) It is a tree-like vine, reaching a length of 15 m. Its leaves are leathery, oval, with pointed tips, up to 10 cm long. On the underside of the leaves, discharge appears in the form white grains, which subsequently darken. The flowers are small, whitish, collected in inflorescences-earrings up to 10 cm. The fruits are spicy peas up to 0.5 cm in diameter. First they are green, then they turn red. Liana bears fruit twice a year for 20-30 years.
GREEN, RED, WHITE PEPPER…
Green and red fruits are dried under a canopy, getting green and red peppercorns. In order for the fruits to turn black, they are harvested half reddened, doused with boiling water and
dried in the sun. And by soaking black peas in water for a week and removing the softened surface layer (pericarp) from them, white pepper is obtained.
Spicy peas are added to dishes whole or ground to give them a spicy spicy taste. In addition, pepper is recommended to use to strengthen the cardiovascular system and improve digestion. Black pepper is used to treat respiratory and skin diseases.
BLACK PEPPER SEEDS FROM PRODMAGA
Having learned so many interesting peppers, I ran around several flower shops, but did not find the seeds of this crop. I had to buy a bag of black peppercorns in the supermarket in the seasoning department. At home, I chose from him those that are larger. I poured them with 1 glass of warm boiled water, added 1 tbsp. l. aloe juice and left to soak for a day. Then she sowed the peas in pots with a nutrient substrate, deepening by 1 cm. She covered them with plastic bags.
The first shoots appeared only on the 26th day. Of the 10 seeds, 6 sprouted. In general, black pepper is advised to be sown in the spring. But I did it in December, so I put a fitolamp over the crops. Favorable temperature for plant development is 25-28°. The culture does not tolerate cold and drafts. At a temperature of 10 ° and below, it may die.
IN WINTER - TO REST
Pepper needs abundant watering with warm water, spraying the leaves and mineral complex top dressing every 2 weeks. Under the flexible shoots of plants, I installed wire frames. An ideal place for culture is the western and eastern windows. On the southern windowsills at noon, the plants should be shaded from the burning rays of the sun. On the north - highlight.
Every summer I take my peppers to the balcony. In winter, I arrange a dormant period for them (at a temperature of 18-20 °), reducing watering and stopping feeding. It is enough to transplant bushes into larger pots once every 2 years (I have transplanted only once so far). I make up the substrate for plants from soddy and leafy soil, humus, sand, peat (2:2:2:1:1). Peppers bloom in April-May. Begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year (I have not yet fruited).
PEPPER KIDS
Having grown at least one pepper, then you can propagate it with cuttings. It is necessary to prepare a substrate of leafy soil and sand (2:1). Cut off a few strong healthy branches from the bush. Each should be with 2 kidneys. Pour the nutrient substrate into the pots and moisten it. Stick the cuttings into the substrate and cover them with jars.
The temperature favorable for rooting is 26 °. When the branches take root, the jars need to be removed.
Pepper can also be propagated by dividing its bushes during transplantation, or by layering. To do this, bend long shoots down and pin them to the soil in pots with metal brackets. With regular watering, the branches should soon take root. After that, they can be separated from the mother plant with a sharp knife.
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Where does black pepper grow?
REFERENCE! Black pepper, in Latin called Píper nígrum, is a tree-like vine from the Pepper family. Her homeland is the town of Kochi, located on the Malabar coast of India.
In the old days, this area was called Malikhabar, which translates as "land of pepper." According to the place of origin, the plant acquired another name - "malabar berry".
In the wild, black pepper grows in forests, braiding tall trees. 15 meter shoots. In areas with a hot and humid tropical climate, such as Sri Lanka, Brazil, Indonesia, China, Cambodia and other countries, the plant is grown as an agricultural crop. The main supplier of black pepper is the island of Sumatra.
As a rule, on plantations, the growth of the "Malabar berry" is limited, allowing its shoots to stretch only up to 5 meters in length.
Support for the plant are special poles. The juicy gray-green leaves of black pepper are ovoid in shape with a ribbed surface and a pointed tip.
The leaves are quite large in size. 6 to 10 cm in length. Liana blooms with small white or gray-yellow flowers, collected in thin hanging spikes.
After the plant fades, small fruits are formed on it in the form of spherical drupes with a burning taste. The berries are green at first, then they turn yellow and then, when fully ripe, they become orange-red.
To obtain black pepper as a seasoning, the berries are harvested unripe, when they are green or just starting to turn yellow. The harvested crop is scalded with boiling water and laid out to dry in the sun. Drying, the fruits shrivel, and then turn black, turning into a world-famous seasoning.
ATTENTION! Pepper liana begins to bear fruit on second year life. It blooms in mid-spring. The fruits do not ripen at the same time, so it takes several months to harvest.
One plant gives about 3 kg of seasoning. The life expectancy of this representative of the flora - from 25 to 50 years.
You can also grow black pepper at home. With proper care, a wonderful plant is able to provide the grower with a bountiful harvest of burning peas every year. Moreover, every housewife can find seeds for its cultivation.
Growing from seed
Consider how to grow black pepper from seeds at home.
For sowing, the largest peas are selected and soaked in warm water for one day. Seeds should be sown to a depth of no more than 1 cm. The recommended soil for sowing is a mixture for which 1 share of river sand and soddy soil and 2 shares of leafy soil are taken.
It is advisable to cover the container with planted seeds with plastic wrap or glass, not forgetting to periodically ventilate it and moisten the ground. At temperatures from 25 to 30 °С shoots can be expected in a month.
REFERENCE! With the advent of the first true leaflet, the seedlings dive into another container at a distance 2-3 cm from each other. After the appearance of the second true leaves, you need to feed the seedlings with settled infusion of bird droppings.
When the seedlings get stronger and grow up, you can transplant them into separate pots with a diameter of no more than 7 cm. As the root system grows, each young vine will need a container with a diameter of about 9 cm and reliable support.
You can visually familiarize yourself with how pepper grows in the photo below:
Features of keeping at home
Further care for pepper liana is not difficult. With sufficient humidity, it grows very quickly and is able to stretch out within a year. up to 2 meters. You just need to pay attention to the plant and follow some recommendations for growing it.
Lighting and temperature
Peppers need diffused sunlight. The ideal place to place it is a window facing west or east. In the south, shading from the sun is required. Due to the perceived lack of light, the north side is completely unsuitable.
The optimum temperature in the warm season is from 20 to 25 °С, and in winter - from 16 to 18 °C. It is highly desirable that the temperature column in the room does not fall below 10 ° C, otherwise the pet may die.
Watering and humidity
In the warm period, the plant should be watered abundantly enough, waiting for the top layer of the earth to dry out. In autumn, watering is recommended to be reduced, and in winter, moisture should be very moderate.
And it is important to remember that both overdrying of the soil and its waterlogging are equally dangerous for black pepper. For a resident of the tropics, high humidity is the main condition for existence.
If the air in the room is dry, the plant will begin to wither and get sick. Morning and evening water procedures in the form of spraying foliage will help increase humidity.
top dressing
In spring and at the end of August, the pet should be fertilized twice a month with a mineral complex for decorative and deciduous. In winter, pepper does not need fertilizer.
Transfer
Young vines are transplanted annually, adults - every two years. Transplantation is carried out in the spring, a slightly larger flowerpot is required, provided with holes for water drainage and a sufficient layer of drainage. It is better to prepare the substrate for the plant yourself, taking for this equal shares of river sand, peat, humus, leaf and sod land.
pruning
ATTENTION! Like all plants, peppers require annual pruning and removal of old or diseased parts. In the fall, when the fruiting period ends, it is necessary to cut the shoots by a third.
In addition, due to the very rapid growth of the vine, it can acquire too long and tangled lashes - it is advisable to shorten them so that the plant looks better and is healthy. Black pepper will take on a particularly attractive shape if there is a support in the form of a wooden lattice or arc next to it - young shoots will effectively braid it.
reproduction
- Seeds that can be harvested from the plant itself. Sowing seeds and caring for seedlings follows the method described above.
- cuttings. From an adult vine, cuttings with 1 or 2 buds are cut and planted in the ground, consisting of one part of leafy soil and 2 parts of sand. The container with the cuttings is covered with a plastic bag, the “greenhouse” is regularly ventilated and the seedlings are watered. At a temperature of 24 to 26 ° C, rooting occurs within 3 weeks. After that, young black peppers can be seated in separate pots.
- The division of the bush. This method is best used during the spring transplant. The overgrown climbing bush of the plant is divided, and the resulting "delenki" are seated in separate containers, providing them with proper care.
- layering. A long creeping shoot of a creeper is attached to the surface of the soil and moistened regularly. Rooting in this case occurs very quickly. The shoot, along with the roots, is cut off and a separate container is allocated to it.
Possible problems
- Leaves wither and turn yellow - waterlogging of the soil, lack of nutrients.
- The tips of the leaves turn brown and turn brown - low humidity, "drought" in a pot.
- The stems are stretched and exposed - poor lighting, the need for top dressing.
Benefit and harm
Consider the beneficial and harmful properties of the seasoning, as well as diseases that can be treated with black pepper in traditional medicine.
Black pepper is so versatile that it is included in most recipes for cooking first and second courses. The popularity of the seasoning is not accidental, because it has a lot of useful properties. "Malabar berry" has the richest composition.
This unique substance stimulates appetite by thinning the blood, prevents thrombosis, and stimulates metabolism. Pepper liana also helps to normalize bowel function and is indicated for stress, fatigue and depression.
IMPORTANT! Black pepper has long been used for medicinal purposes. It has an antioxidant, bactericidal, firming and even anthelmintic effect. "Malabar Berry" helps in the treatment of fever, coughs and colds and in diseases of the endocrine system.
However, black pepper has a number of contraindications. It is not recommended for people with individual intolerance to the product, suffering from anemia, peptic ulcer, as well as for diseases of the urinary tract in the acute phase.
It is necessary to give up your favorite seasoning if you have had an operation on the stomach or intestines. And do not abuse hot peas - this is not useful even for a healthy person.
You can, of course, buy black pepper in the store - this is an affordable and inexpensive product. But how much more interesting it is to grow it on your own!
This is not only an exciting process, but also the opportunity to always have fresh and therefore more healthy seasoning on the table. You just need to surround the plant with care and attention - and it will thank you with a rich harvest of black peppercorns.
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Culinary thrill-seekers cannot imagine any dish without black peppercorns. The spicy smell and spicy taste will turn the meat into a delicacy and add an interesting note to salads. What can we say about marinades for preservation - there’s nowhere without pepper. Do you know how black pepper grows? Despite the name, this plant has nothing in common with bell or hot peppers. Yes, they have different growing requirements. What is black pepper as a culture?
The second name of black pepper is Malabar berry.
plant description
Unlike the Bulgarian, popular among gardeners, black grows by no means in a bush and is not quite compact. By its nature, it is a perennial tree-like liana, whose birthplace is the subtropics of India and Asia. There, in conditions of high humidity and stable heat, its length can reach 15 m. Clinging to aerial roots, it wraps itself around trees and rushes towards the sun, forming a thick wall. Pepper thickets are almost impassable, because the leathery leaves are very dense. Although their sizes are small, maximum 10 cm in length, there is a lot of gray-green foliage. Pepper blooms simply, with small white flowers, collected in a long semblance of a hanging spikelet. At the end of flowering, round green drupes are tied in their place. When ripe, they turn red.
Black, green and white peppers are the same crop. The only difference is when and how the crop was harvested. Red peas become black during the drying process, they remain green if unripe peppers are harvested. White pepper is obtained by cleaning the peas from the pericarp after soaking.
How black pepper grows - growing features
The lowest temperature that the vine can tolerate is 10 ° C heat. For this reason, not only winter, but even autumn in the open field, we will not endure. But the liana will cope with the role of a room pot culture.
Getting seeds is not a problem. You can also plant those peas that are among the seasonings in the kitchen, but only after soaking them for a couple of days.
Black pepper as a houseplant is quite unpretentious. It is enough just to reproduce the natural environment of its growth, and already in the second year of life, the first crop can be harvested. In order for the vine to grow actively, it needs:
- loose nutrient soil (a mixture of leafy and soddy soil, sand and humus);
- good but diffused lighting (east windows);
- humid air (water pan plus frequent spraying);
- warm (in winter - not lower than 16 ° C);
- proper watering (abundant - from spring to autumn, scarce - in winter);
- seasonal top dressing (from spring to autumn - twice a month with a mineral complex).
Given the "curly" nature of the vine, you need to install a support in the pot. So she can curl and maintain an upright position. Once every 2-3 years, the bush is transplanted into fresh soil. You can propagate such a plant by collecting seeds, as well as cuttings, layering and dividing the bush.
