Make a staircase to the 2nd floor with your own hands. Staircase to the second floor - modern, safe and attractive design. There are two ways to calculate the length of a ladder

Private houses are becoming more and more popular every day. Few are interested one-story houses. Two - three-story houses are much more common. Moreover, in our time it is difficult to surprise anyone with a two-level apartment.

A house with more than one floor is hard to imagine without stairs. This article will discuss how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands. This is not an easy task. It takes a lot of effort and time. The staircase should not only look good from an aesthetic point of view, but also be strong enough to be used for many years.

Most often, people prefer wooden stairs. They fit well into any interior and are good with practical point vision. It is very important to choose really quality wood, the service life of your stairs will depend on this.

Wooden stairs are not different types, shapes and sizes. Each person chooses based on the area of \u200b\u200bits house (in a limited space, not every staircase can be installed) and their material capabilities. The more complex the design of the stairs, the more expensive it is.

The most common types of stairs are:

screw. Such stairs are relevant for houses where every centimeter is precious. It can be placed on a plot of 1.5 meters. But, only one person can go up and down such a ladder. It will not be possible to move any overall loads along it, since it may not withstand the load. But, building such a ladder is quite problematic. This requires skills and special tool. If you do not take into account the slightest detail, the ladder will not be stable. Therefore, to install spiral staircase it is better to hire professionals.

marching. Stairs of this type can be of two varieties - straight and rotary. They may be located in different parts at home. It depends on the interior and the amount of space. Some people allocate a place for her near the wall, others put her in the middle of the hall, or room. It is much easier to make such a ladder yourself. Every man can cope with this task. If the staircase is high enough (more than 10 steps), then it is better to divide it into several parts. There will be a small landing as a separating element. It is much more convenient and attractive than an ordinary multi-step ladder.

If you are faced with the need to install stairs for the first time, and your budget is strictly limited, then the usual straight staircase is best option, you can calculate the cost of stairs and make your own.

For this you will need:

Wooden bars, 40 mm thick. We will make stairs out of them.
Screws made of stainless steel. They will be needed for the installation of the stairs.
Beams for tread. Their thickness must be at least 30 mm.
Beam for bowstring.
Railings and handrails. They can be made from wood yourself, or purchased ready-made.

These are just the basic elements needed to create and self installation wooden stairs to the second floor. This list can be expanded depending on which type of stairs you choose.

Installing stairs to the second floor needs to remove a lot of attention. All elements must be carefully fixed to each other. If you are in any doubt, seek the advice of a professional. Be sure to process the stairs by special means for a tree. In this situation, a wooden staircase made by hand will serve for several decades.

A photo

Photo - stairs to the second floor

Building a staircase to the second floor is a rather complicated procedure, but with experience and good walkthrough you can handle this on your own. The main difficulty in this case consists in the fact that the dimensions of the span and the angle of inclination of the structure must be calculated with the utmost accuracy, since both the durability of the structure and the convenience of its operation largely depend on this. A reliable and aesthetically pleasing staircase is a great chance to test yourself and acquire valuable experience for subsequent work in his private home.

First, you should decide what role your ladder should play in general interior. Such a design can serve decorative element or be invisible; moreover, the staircase can become the central element of the whole design, according to which the whole room will be designed. But before choosing a specific option and starting directly manufacturing, it is necessary to find out how this kind of staircase is arranged in general, and determine its required dimensions.

Construction - what are interfloor stairs made of

And they consist of a large number structural elements. You definitely cannot do without some, while the rest, on the contrary, may be absent in some variations of the described design.

Let's start with the fact that in the design in without fail steps must be present, as well as supports supporting them - these are the main elements of any interfloor construction of this type. The step itself is an element consisting of two perpendicular each other parts. talking professional language, from riser and riser. The latter, by the way, serves as a kind of support under the approach, but you can often do without it.

As for the supports, they can be of two types:

kosour (this is a special beam that supports the steps from below);
bowstring (a similar beam for steps, only it supports them at the ends).

Next structural element- it's a railing. They are extremely important, although they are not available on all types of construction. And if elderly relatives or children live in your house, there is certainly no way without a railing.

Finally, balusters are special vertical supports for railings, often necessary not only for practicality, but also for decoration. For balusters can be used various materials, and the shape of the elements is also different.

Note! Due to the wide variety of stairs, they may have such details that are required exclusively for this design. Let's get acquainted with them.

Boltsy. By them are meant special bolts intended to support the steps. They can be attached both to them and to the walls themselves. They are not often used, but only for some versions of the stairs.
Racks. Such elements are used in the construction of spiral staircases. Steps are attached to one such rack with the appropriate step, having special form and forming a spiral that rises to the second floor from the first.

Which version of the stairs to the second floor to choose for the house?

So, first we determine which ladder we need, and make the appropriate calculations. As a rule, in private houses there are metal, concrete and wooden stairs.

According to their design, they can all be:

screw;
rotary;
straight.

There is also, by the way, combined options, having a different degree of complexity, but we will not dwell on them.

Concrete stairs require a very strong foundation, and the construction itself takes a lot of time, but the finished structures are very durable and strong. Installing a metal ladder is nothing complicated, but on condition that you know how to work with a welding machine. But everyone can build a wooden structure if you familiarize yourself with the algorithm of such a process.

The simplest in construction is considered to be a direct mid-flight structure - a not very complicated staircase to the second floor with your own hands. It is quite compact, does not include too many details, and complex calculations are not required in this case. If free space is limited, then the best option is a spiral staircase, which, although it looks elegant, is not always convenient to use. For example, it will be difficult for you to lift something heavy or bulky on it. More difficult to install structures that consist of several spans, however, they are the most suitable option for buildings with a large distance between floors.

Stairs to the second floor with their own hands made of wood single-flight

This design consists of the following elements:

stringers;
risers;
tread;
railing.

With what each of these elements represents, we have already figured out, so we immediately move on to the main thing.

So, the height of a single-flight staircase to the second floor should be the same as the distance between floors + floors. To simplify the calculation, it is first necessary to determine the dimensions of the steps themselves. If children or elderly relatives live with you, then it is desirable that the steps be 15 centimeters high, in other cases this height can be 20 centimeters. It is undesirable to exceed the latter value, since the ascent will turn out to be steeper, and it will not be so convenient to climb.

As for the width of the steps, it should vary from 20 to 30 centimeters - the specific value depends on how much free space is allocated for the staircase. After all, the wider the steps, the more space would need. Select the required dimensions, proceed to the calculation of the length of the base and the number of steps. Take the total height of the entire structure and divide by the height of one riser, and round the number you get to the nearest integer and multiply by the tread depth value. For example, the entire staircase to the second floor with your own hands will have a height of 300 centimeters, and the height of each riser will be 20 centimeters.

This will require 15 steps, because:

300:20=15

And if the width of each step is 25 centimeters, then the base should be 37.5 centimeters long (15x25 \u003d 37.5).

Step-by-step instructions for making stairs to the second floor

Having finished with the calculations, start making everything necessary elements designs. Stringers must be made of hard and dense wood, since they will bear both the weight of people and the weight of the entire staircase. Cut out a template from thick cardboard, making cutouts corresponding to the dimensions of the steps, while the slope should be the same as the angle of inclination of the stairs itself. Cut out grooves on the ends of the stringers, through which they will be attached to the ceiling and base, and then mark up in accordance with a pre-made template.

To cope with the subsequent work, you must prepare:

electric jigsaw;
a hammer;
grinder;
drill;
level;
and finally anchor bolts.

Take a jigsaw and use it to make protrusions on the stringers in accordance with the markings, then carefully sand both sides. Next, cut out mounting holes in the floor beams or, alternatively, install metal supports. In the place where the first step will be located on the first floor, install the support beam, fixing it with anchor bolts. Then install the stringers, without fail checking the slope through the level. Secure the stringers at the top/bottom with the same anchor bolts.

Now you can make the stairs yourself. Take dry boards whose thickness is at least 3.6 centimeters; the width at this time should be similar to the width of future steps or even slightly larger.

Note! When making risers, you can take boards 2 centimeters thick.

As for the length of the blanks, it should be the same as the width of the entire structure (that is, within 80-120 centimeters).

When finished cutting, carefully sand each piece to remove roughness and sharp cuts. The installation process itself is nothing complicated: coat the lower cutouts on the stringers with wood glue, attach the risers and align everything around the edges. Next, fix them using self-tapping screws, and lay the steps themselves on top. If you do not use glue, then wooden parts will create squeaks when loaded.

Lay all the steps in the same way, and then start attaching the railing. Make balusters for railings from square bars or, alternatively, figured wooden blanks. You can mount on each step or through one (it all depends on what the characteristics of the span are). Fasten with screws, do not forget to close the hats with decorative caps. If the stairs to the second floor with your own hands will be located approximately in the middle of the room, you can equip the railing immediately on each side.

At the end, sand the finished staircase well and treat with an antiseptic. Then paint the wood or open it with varnish. It is important that the final surface is not too smooth - the roughness of the steps will significantly increase the safety of the inhabitants of the house. Finish coat Apply two or three layers, and before each new layer, the previous one must dry completely.

Straight concrete stairs

If your house is spacious enough, and interfloor overlap it is made of concrete, then you may well build a concrete staircase. As a rule, people often build one of two design options:

monolithic;
combined type(here only the stringer is made of concrete).

Note that option #2 looks much more attractive. However, a concrete staircase requires formwork in any case, as well as a sufficiently strong base that can withstand such a weight.

To get started, prepare everything you need, in particular:

moisture resistant plywood (can be replaced edged board, upholstered with PET film);
concrete;
strong bars 10x10 centimeters in cross section;
self-tapping screws;
fittings or special knitting wire.

Note! The thickness of the board for the construction of formwork should be 3 centimeters, and plywood - at least 1.8 centimeters. All required dimensions calculate in the same way as for the design from the previous paragraph of the article, however, the strength characteristics of the base are required to be maximum.

Start work with the construction of formwork: take plywood or boards, knock them down in accordance with a pre-drawn drawing, avoiding cracks and observing the required slope.

When the formwork is ready, install it between floors and fix it with the same bars. Then lay out the reinforcement bars inside the formwork, tie them with steel wire. Where the railing will be installed, fix the wooden plugs, and only after that fill the entire box with cooked concrete mortar. It is important that the formwork is filled immediately, in one go, otherwise solidity future design will break.

After the concrete has set, dismantle the box, and moisten the formed steps with water from time to time, otherwise their surface may crack. Start finishing only when the concrete gains strength and dries completely. During the construction of stairs of the combined type, stringers are poured in the same way, and the formwork should be narrower (which is typical, the installation of steps should be taken into account here).

You can finish the finished monolithic structure with stone, wood, decorative tiles and other finishing materials. Before proceeding directly to the cladding, consider the weight - for example, the same tile will put a much greater load on the foundation than wood. You can attach any steps to concrete stringers, but they will look especially attractive with a tree.

Video - Self-made stairs

How to build a metal staircase

It is not so difficult to assemble such a structure, but this will require skills in working with a welding machine and metal elements in general.

So, to get started, prepare the following materials and equipment:

grinder with a grinding nozzle;
channel number 10;
file;
iron corners;
metal in sheets;
actually welding.

First, take a channel, cut it into segments and assemble a frame from them of such dimensions as the stairs to the second floor will be with your own hands. Next, take the corners and weld them to the ends of the resulting frame with the same step equal to the height of the steps. It is important that all corners are exactly perpendicular to each other. To facilitate the installation of the structure, you can weld the steps after the frame has been mounted and fixed.

Fasten to the top cover top elements frame, using anchor bolts for this purpose. Attach the lower ends to the floor of the lower floor. After that, weld the steps made of sheet metal, and install the railing. When finished with the assembly, carefully sand the joints special nozzle or, alternatively, ordinary files. At the end, treat the entire structure with an anti-corrosion primer.

How to make a spiral staircase

The main advantages of a spiral staircase are excellent decorative properties, as well as the fact that such a design does not take up much space. For example, a staircase 2.5 meters high will consist of 16-17 steps, while the base will be approximately 2 meters in diameter. One of the most popular ways to build spiral staircases to the second floor is to “string” triangular / trapezoidal steps onto a central axis. In this case, the width of the wide part will be from 30 to 35 centimeters, and the narrow one - only 15 centimeters.

For self-manufacturing stairs to the second floor will need:

two steel pipes by 5 and 5.5 centimeters;
primer mixture;
wooden slats with which the template will be made;
file;
corners;
welding machine.

A pipe with a smaller diameter will serve us as the main rack, therefore, its length should be the same as the interfloor distance. It is also recommended to concrete the staircase near the base to make it more stable (do not forget to set the structure vertically in advance). A large pipe must be cut into cylinders, the length of which is approximately 15 centimeters. Make sure all cuts are at a 90 degree angle, otherwise you won't be able to align all the steps horizontally.

Note! Cylinders should be put on the main pipe as tightly as possible, and there should not be any backlash. If the docking turns out to be loose, you will have to use sealing rings.

To make steps, you will need a template made from wooden slats. Glue the latter in such a way that the corners placed in the frame form steps of the required dimensions.

Weld each rung to the corresponding cylinder, then sand thoroughly. When all the necessary elements are ready, begin to assemble the entire structure. Put the steps on the axle, set the corners and weld securely.

The last step is the installation of railings and the final finishing of the entire structure. For the manufacture of railings, you can use:

fittings;
thin profile;
chrome-plated pipes of small diameter.

Forged railings will also look very impressive. At the same time, do not forget that all metal surfaces must be carefully sanded, treated with a primer mixture and painted.

The spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled in a similar way, for which wooden steps are used. Wood blanks should be made in the form of trapeziums, after which a hole with a diameter of 5 centimeters is made in the narrow part. Further, using special seals, the steps must be strung on the axis and fixed there. At the end, railings are attached, the wood is primed, painted and decorated with decor.

Features of assembling stairs to the second floor on the rails with your own hands

As a result, one more interesting option should be considered on how a staircase to the second floor is built with one's own hands. In this case, we will talk about the design on the bolts, which got its name from him. Bolzen, which translates as "bolt". In other words, we are talking about a structure that is fixed on special bolts. Although in reality these are not even bolts, but fasteners made in the form of pins, at the ends of which there is a thread. Thanks to the bolts, the railings and steps are interconnected and also attached to the wall. As a result, we get an airy and light staircase that can decorate any a private house. Moreover, in this case there are no risers at all.

Among other things, stairs of this type are both quite compact and stretched on a specific section of the wall. Despite the fact that these structures seem light, in reality they are strong and durable, they can easily withstand several hundred kilograms, which is why, in fact, they acquire last years increasing popularity.

Note! It is quite obvious that it is impossible to install such a staircase in the center of the room, because, as we have already found out, the fastening is carried out to the wall. But most importantly, for the construction you need to use only high-quality and durable materials.

It is extremely difficult to calculate such a ladder with your own hands, but it can be purchased at ready-made or order specialists in individual project. For more details on the installation of this design, see the video below.

That's all, good luck and warm winters!

Video - How to install a wooden ladder on the rails

The construction of a two-, three-story cottage involves the presence of a staircase. Without it, access to the basement, underground garage, attic space will be problematic.
It is important not to forget that the stairs are difficult engineering structure. Its design and construction cannot be carried out according to the residual principle. The location, material, project is determined in advance. Wooden staircase to the second floor beautiful option for your choice.

For private households, the use of two main types of stair climbs is typical: marching and screw. Marching - with one or more spans separated by intermediate platforms. The most spectacular, but also expensive are screw. It is recommended to involve specialists with relevant experience in their construction, calculation of the number and width of steps.

In this article, we will take a closer look at all popular types stairs, their advantages and disadvantages. But you need to start with the choice of wood:

maple looks good, varnishing will emphasize the structure. But when bending, cracks and breaks will appear on the surface;
beech is considered one of the most durable options, but is not intended for use in conditions of high constant humidity;
oak is both durable and beautiful. The only drawback is the high price;
larch and pine are budget options. Approved for use subject to antiseptic treatment from rot and bugs.

How to make a wooden spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands

If, in accordance with the plan of the house, a minimum space is allocated for the placement of interfloor passages, the screw modification will be indispensable. It is mounted both in the center of the room, hall or corridor, and against the wall.

Types of spiral staircases

There are four main types depending on the method of fastening steps:

directly to the central, supporting column, assembled from metal parts, lined with brick or stone;
treads are placed on top of each other. Their intersection becomes a support column;
with fastening to stringers or bowstrings. The central support may be missing or used as additional element providing strength. Railings and bolts are used as a link;
steps in addition to the stringer or the central rack are attached to the wall.

Benefits of a spiral staircase

The first thing to mention is the elegant appearance. The number of design and finish options is endless: from gothic and wrought iron railings to high-tech and postmodernism. There is no feeling of "heaviness", a light "transparent" design does not distract attention, while visually "increasing" the height of the ceilings.

Do not forget about saving space. Not everyone has the opportunity to allocate half the floor for the placement of stairs. BUT modern technologies and materials make it possible not to spend half of the state on organizing transitions from floor to floor.

Important points during construction

A spiral staircase is built subject to the following criteria:

the distance between floors or intermediate platforms is at least 2 meters;
for the manufacture of the central support, a pipe with a wall thickness of 4 mm or more is used. Column diameter - 50-60 mm and more;
at the support, the depth of the steps is not less than 10 cm, at the railing - 40 cm. For treads in the shape of a rectangle, the optimal depth is 20 cm or more. For one full turn (3600), at least 12 steps up to 1 meter wide are required. Moving two at the same time is quite difficult, not to mention lifting or lowering furniture.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Ask an expert

You can build a spiral staircase yourself. But the calculation of the number of treads, their height and turn requires special knowledge. To avoid mistakes and subsequent rework, it is better to contact specialists, at least at the design stage. If you decide to go through all the stages yourself, listen to the following tips:

the best material is beech or oak wood. It has good strength, can withstand decades of operation;
there should be no sharp edges or nicks. After sanding and sanding, all wooden parts are varnished with parquet;
the first baluster is not attached to the first step, but to the floor next to it for greater structural strength.

Straight wooden staircase to the second floor

A single-flight span is the easiest way to organize movement around the house. It has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

simplicity of design, ease of movement and minimum preliminary calculations. Even with little experience, but with due diligence, the manufacture and installation of stringers can be completed in a few days;
it is enough to make a sample of the tread and riser, and cut out all the details on them in the future;
if space along the wall is chosen for placement, then it is advisable to fasten one edge of the steps to a brick or concrete partition to increase strength.

There is also a disadvantage to be noted. Ideally, the slope ranges from 26-450, and the stairs take up a lot of space. You will have to decide where to place it and what to do with the space under the stairs.

Design parameters

It is not worth neglecting the design stage even if we are talking about 2-3 steps. The project helps to determine appearance, and with a total length and other technical specifications. Regardless of the wishes of the owner in terms of registration, the requirements of SNiP remain the same for all modifications of flights of stairs:

step height - no more than 20 cm. Both the riser and the tread itself are taken into account;
depth - not less than 25-30 cm;
when calculating the width, they are guided by the dimensions doorways. The standard prescribes that a flight of stairs designed to move one person should not be narrower than 80 cm;
boards are selected well-dried with a thickness of at least 4 cm, without knots, cracks, or other defects that can lead to deformation. If you order production wooden parts in production, check that they have same sizes have been sanded, sanded and polished.

Why do you need a layout

Construction work begins with a plywood layout. Don't give up if you don't have enough experience. It is better to spend a few extra days, but avoid fatal mistakes.

Exact copies of stringers, risers and treads are cut out of plywood. They are assembled, "fitting" at the installation site. The dimensions, ease of use, placement of balusters under the railing are being specified. It is quite possible that you will have to add / reduce the number of steps, adjust the height of the lowest one.

The layout is ready, we proceed to work on the original

If the plywood copy is completely satisfied, proceed to work with the boards. It is not necessary to immediately install stringers or bowstrings at the place of permanent placement. Assembly is done on the floor. First, risers are mounted, then tread. Hats of fasteners (nails or wood screws) should not protrude above the surface.

For fastening to the floor and stairway, special mounting loops or parts are used, which are laid in the floors during the construction of the main building.

Upon completion of work on the steps, proceed to the installation of railings: wood, metal, profile pipe. The specific option is selected based on general style, material of walls, floor. On each tread, experts recommend placing one baluster. The presence of crossbars - individually. It is advisable to install them if there are small children in the house, or the railings are made of metal. On a wooden structure, crossbars are unnecessary.

Stairs with 90 degree turn

If the space for placing a flight of stairs is limited or the structure has more than 10-12 steps, experts recommend making an intermediate platform with a turn of 90 or 180 degrees, mounted in the walls of the house from two or three sides.

Calculations of the number and width of treads are carried out in the same way as for a standard single-flight span with a small exception. Does the turntable consist of winder steps? They are designed as a spiral staircase. At the narrowest point, the depth is at least 10 cm, at the widest point - 40 cm.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

Ask an expert

To facilitate calculations, millimetric paper is used. On it, in compliance with the scale, the upper and lower spans, the transition platform are drawn, winder steps are laid. By middle line their depth is not less than 20 cm. Otherwise, it will be problematic to go up / down. Do you critically evaluate your own abilities in drawing? Refer to special calculation programs distributed free of charge.

If the turntable does not provide for the use of winders, a frame is prepared corresponding to the width of the marches. For fastening the frame-platform are used:

one or two walls of the house;
common kosour;
support pillars. They are subsequently used as a base for a built-in wardrobe in the under-stair space.

For reliability, it is recommended to make a draft version of plywood or waste board. Turning stairs - complex structure. Correcting errors is almost impossible. On a plywood layout, it is easier to correct the number of steps or the angle of rotation if there are inaccuracies in the calculations.

Installation of stairs with a turn of 90 degrees

kosour is attached to the wall with anchor bolts;
support poles are installed if they are provided for by the project. They can be concreted into the floor and further strengthened with mounting loops with bolts;
an external kosour is attached to the supporting pillars. At each stage, slopes, the presence / absence of deviations from the plan are carefully checked;
on stringers or bowstrings in the grooves, risers are first attached, then treads. For greater strength, it is recommended to glue all seams;
installation of the upper span ends with the installation of winder steps. The presence of gaps between structural parts is unacceptable;
railings and balusters are installed last.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor with a 180 turn

In a private house, situations are not uncommon when there is no place for placing a direct mid-flight staircase, and it is undesirable to build a spiral staircase. For example, elderly people live in the building. In this case, you should pay attention to modifications with a rotation of 1800, made using one of two technologies:

two marches “meet” at an intermediate interfloor platform, equal in width to the spans plus an additional gap separating them. The site can be capital ( reinforced concrete slab) or wooden on supports or built into the wall. For each run, a standard calculation is performed;
in place of the site - winder steps that form a turn. The option is more difficult to manufacture, but more ergonomic. When ascending / descending, you do not have to change the pace of movement. But, it must be borne in mind that the running treads have a trapezoidal shape. Navigating them is more difficult than standard rectangular ones.

Project development

on a sheet of graph paper, projections of the stairs are drawn vertically and horizontally in compliance with the scale;

the steps of the upper and lower flights are marked, taking into account the requirements of SNiP for height, depth, width;
They do the same with refugees. In the simplest case, there will be four. But this option may be inconvenient if the site is large. Also, experts recommend making cross-country steps not only directly on the site, but also part of the nearest marching ones, in order to make the movement more comfortable;
the basis of the whole composition is the central support pillar with a section of 10 x 10 cm or more. Both span stringers and winder steps in the narrow part are attached to it.

Installation of stairs with a 180 degree turn

Preparation of holsters with grooves for treads: two shorter ones and four long ones. Short reach to support post, long - up to the wall behind the transition platform. The stringers of the lower span are attached with anchor bolts to the support beam of the floor of the first floor. In the upper part - either to the pole or to the wall. The stringers of the upper span are attached to the ceiling, pillar and wall;

for treads, risers (if any), a transition platform, a board with a thickness of 4 cm or more is used without knots, notches that can ruin the structure;
All details are cut according to the template, carefully polished. At the initial stage, risers are installed, then - treads. For fixing, self-tapping screws with a flat head and glue are needed. It is possible to replace self-tapping screws with dowels;
transition steps are set. The wide edge is attached to the wall, the narrow part - to the support post;
at the last stage, railings are mounted. Holes are drilled in the steps. For fastening, bolts with a length of at least 10 cm or wooden studs are used. The lower (uppermost) baluster is located on the floor, even before the first step.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

Ask an expert

Outdoor wooden stairs to the second floor

The construction of a wooden staircase on the street practically does not differ in technology from the process indoors. The type of construction is selected, the number of steps, the parameters of the transition platform are calculated. There are also nuances:

wood does not like moisture. There are several ways to avoid excessive water absorption and rapid destruction, for example, place it under a canopy. It is necessary to choose types of wood that are resistant to water, such as oak or larch. But at the same time, the project significantly increases the cost. You can make railings and treads from wood, and for load-bearing structures use metal or reinforced concrete;
under bottom supports a tape or is equipped. Otherwise, subsidence is inevitable. Mounting loops are attached to the ends of the stringers, followed by embedding in concrete. So the design will become more reliable.

How to paint a wooden staircase

The staircase is ready, the railings are installed, the steps are lined, the decorative panels and strips masking stringers and fasteners. It's time to move on to painting or varnishing.

Industry Offers different variants paint solutions. Each of them deserves separate consideration.

Alkyd paints

dry quickly;
the composition includes special substances with the effect of antiseptics to protect against insects and putrefactive processes;
allowed for indoor use, non-toxic, do not cause an allergic reaction;
wide range of colors.

Acrylic paints

drying time is minimal;
no unpleasant odors;
dyes do not change color and saturation under the influence of sunlight or artificial light;
the color palette is able to satisfy the most sophisticated taste.

Oil paints

minimum cost;
the structure of the tree is not preserved during painting, the surface "does not breathe";
with intensive use of the stairs, it will be necessary to periodically re-stain;
dries for a long time while maintaining an unpleasant, pungent odor.

Enamel paints

ideal for indoor work, as they dry very quickly;
in the composition there are no toxins and elements that give a pungent odor;
in the course of work it is necessary to ventilate the room in a constant mode. It is advisable not to work during rainy or high humidity periods.

Lucky

most of them are not recommended for outdoor use, as they do not withstand low temperatures;
dry quickly;
preserve and emphasize the structure of the tree;
the surface is smooth (provided that at least 3 layers are applied) and shiny;
it is better to choose alcohol-based options;
"yacht" modification cannot be used for interior design due to high content toxic substances and bad smell, which persists for a long time.

wood stain

used and how independent remedy for wood processing, and as a base for paint;
preserves and emphasizes the structure of the original material, has fire-retardant properties, especially in combination with polish layers.

Experts say that the best option for painting indoor stairs are alkyd paints. For greater effect, they are varnished on top.

Painting options

The stairs are painted in one of two ways:

before installation. Each element is colored separately. Assembly work begins after complete drying. The main difficulty in this case is not to damage the layer of paint or varnish during assembly, drilling holes;
after installation. There are options here. If the second floor is residential, and the staircase is the only one, they paint through the step. After the first "batch" dries, they move on to the second.

If it is possible not to use the second floor yet, or an additional descent is provided, painting is carried out without passes. This option is preferable, as there will be no color variation.

Regardless of the chosen staining method, at least 5 hours must be added to the time specified by the manufacturer. The direction of the strokes is along the grain of the wood.

The subtleties of staining pine stairs

Pine boards require special handling. Resin is actively released on their surface. If it is not removed before staining, the paint will lie unevenly, will not penetrate deep into the structure, and will darken in places over time. Removing resin is a mandatory step in the work.

For deresining, a 25% acetone solution is used. It is applied to all surfaces, followed by wiping with a damp cloth. Apply paint or varnish after complete drying. If on separate sections there is too much resin, it is recommended to cut them out and putty the surface for leveling.

cleaning the surface from debris, construction dust, chips;
grinding, priming chips, cracks, scratches;
after the soil has dried, a new sanding cycle is carried out with the removal of debris;
Ideally, the surfaces are primed again 24 hours after the initial treatment. But this only applies to coloring. The tree is not primed under varnish;
paint or varnish is applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It is not recommended to choose both too hot days and rainy ones for work;
in the process of staining, there should be no dripping drops on the surface;
varnish is applied in 3-5 layers.

When choosing a color, you need to focus on your own preferences, the style of the room, the design solution of the house. If steps or balusters of several colors are planned, then it is better to paint before the assembly process.

Do-it-yourself staircase construction to the second floor difficult task but not hopeless. With a little effort, everything is done in a few days.

At modern design and construction country houses, dachas and cottages, the owners, as a rule, prefer two-story structures. Such buildings are practical, occupy a small area and save money at all stages of construction. It is very important to think in advance how to make a staircase to the second floor, taking into account design features house, its architectural style and conditions for the further operation of the facility. The point is that under flights of stairs you should immediately leave a certain place. Be sure to leave a special technological opening in the interfloor overlap even during the general construction work.

Preparatory work

Before you make a ladder, you should decide on the type of its design. The point is that the framework metal stairs or reinforced concrete structure it is recommended to do it during the construction process, but to build a staircase made of wood or equip a lightweight metal model follows after the completion of construction and the completion of all "wet" processes.

Note! In the house at the time of installation of the wooden stairs, all Finishing work such as screed, plaster and putty. Otherwise, due to dust in the premises and high humidity, the structure will lose its strength and beautiful appearance.

Calculations and design

It is better to entrust the creation of a staircase project to professional designers, because this is an expensive financial investment, which must have increased strength and reliability. You can study in detail the proposed options on the Internet or other information sources. Before starting work, do the following:

pre-select materials for the design and determine the maximum load of the product;
measure the height of the room and calculate the dimensions of the opening in the interfloor ceiling;
independently or with the help of a qualified designer, draw a drawing of the stairs, in which all elements of the frame, enclosing elements and decorative finishes are calculated in detail;
based on the received project is calculated required amount material and components, they are purchased and prepared.

In the manufacture of stairs, various materials are used. Their configuration depends on functional purpose buildings and their locations. For the manufacture of outdoor structures, resistant to negative climatic influences, high-strength building materials - metal and concrete - are suitable. Stairs for use inside buildings are built from various breeds wood: oak, cedar, beech, pine and other types of wood. Currently, metal frames are in great demand: steel elements, stainless steel, aluminum, various alloys, etc.

Also, a wide variety of combined structures, as well as bases made of reliable and durable reinforced concrete frames, are very popular. For steps and railings of stairs, materials with increased resistance to abrasion and mechanical damage such as granite, ceramic tile, wood, natural stone and glass.

Materials are purchased only from reliable and trusted suppliers who can provide official certificates of quality and environmental safety.

Note! When carrying out measurements and technological calculations, the level of the finished floor must be taken into account, taking into account the arrangement warm systems floor heating, laying various engineering communications and finishing of the premises.

Arrangement features

The main criteria for the selection of design and materials, the construction of a staircase and its decoration are convenience and maximum comfort in everyday use of the structure. Currently, for private houses and summer cottages, the following are most in demand:

straight marching stairs with one or two intermediate platforms;
rotary design with winder steps;
spiral staircase of various modifications.

For everyday use, designs with one or two marches are optimal. Such stairs are especially suitable for houses in which families with small children or the elderly plan to live. Convenient in daily operation and construction with turning steps, but they require careful preparation from the performers at the design stage in order to correctly calculate the angle of inclination and rotation of the stairs. The standard height of stair steps is 170-190 mm. We should not forget about the thickness of the finishing steps, which can take from 10 to 20 mm. The width of the spans is provided at least 700-900 mm.

Facing the stairs is carried out after the completion of all work. A well-built staircase will serve its owners reliably for many years.

A photo

Low-rise construction, when it comes to residential buildings, involves the construction of at least two-level buildings. Therefore, to move to the second floor, you cannot do without an internal staircase. The purchase of a ready-made kit, firstly, will be quite expensive (at least 35,000 rubles), and secondly, it must be adapted to specific premises before installation, or be reconstructed (re-planned). And this is an additional cost and time.

In most cases, it is more expedient to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, especially since it will turn out to be approximately the same in terms of time. The most simple and inexpensive option- wood construction. This article will explain in detail all the nuances of choosing lumber, drawing up a staircase drawing and the features of its assembly.

In relation to a private house, two are most common - a spiral staircase and a mid-flight staircase. The first option is quite complicated, and it is unlikely that it will be possible to implement it with your own hands, without practical skills and experience in this area. You have to make specific engineering calculations, which means that without the help of a professional, at least at this stage of preparation, one cannot do. Focusing only on the schemes available on the Internet is not entirely correct. They do not take into account the specifics of a particular structure, so they will definitely have to be processed taking into account the characteristics of its dimensions, layout and a number of other factors. And the installation of a spiral staircase itself, especially a wooden one, is far from a simple process.

For DIY assembly optimal solution- marching wooden staircase. Based on the height of the premises on the first floor, there can be one or two spans (swivel structure).

But in the details, even completely identical stairs can differ greatly. And this is easily explained by the fact that making with your own hands implies an element of creativity. Since all private houses differ in many ways (dimensions, ceiling heights, layout, internal filling), then follow some common standard- is an unpromising business. By the way, the author has already drawn the attention of the reader to this. Therefore, further - only general recommendations, which will help to correctly draw up a drawing of a wooden staircase, taking into account all the features of the structure, and install it in place.

general information

There are several options for the execution of mid-flight stairs. Their main varieties are shown in the figures below. It is not difficult to decide which modification to choose for installation with your own hands, knowing all the features of the house and the premises of the first and second floors.

When describing any product or prefabricated structure, one cannot do without special terminology. The following drawings explain well what the main elements of the stairs are called.

Preparation of materials

When choosing a tree species, if you focus on a reasonable combination of quality / price, it is recommended to give preference to pine or larch. The latter is even better, as it is less prone to decay. In addition, when the liquid is absorbed, it only becomes stronger. Since there will definitely be evaporation in any living space, it is more than relevant, especially if there is a kitchen in the adjacent room. All other species - cedar, oak and a number of others - are unlikely to belong to budget options wooden stairs.
The durability of the structure largely depends on the degree of drying of the lumber. If the wood in this regard is not sufficiently processed, then such a ladder will “lead” quite quickly. Drying the boards with your own hands is a process that is both troublesome and complicated. You will need not only a place for their storage, but also knowledge of all the features of the methodology. You will have to ensure the constancy of temperature, high-quality ventilation, and so on. The conclusion is unequivocal - it is not advisable to save on the material for a wooden staircase. That is, if you buy boards, then only a high degree of drying, although they are more expensive.

Calculation of the main parameters of the stairs

Width

When determining this parameter, one should be guided by such moments. Firstly, whether it will be convenient to move up the stairs at the same time, towards each other. Secondly, will it be possible to transfer oversized cargo from floor to floor (furniture, household appliances and so on). For a private house recommended width of the internal stairs – 130±20.

Ladder height

When calculating this parameter, inexperienced "home masters" are guided by the ceiling of the first floor room. This is not true. When drawing up a staircase drawing, not only this parameter is taken into account, but also the total thickness of the ceiling and floor of the second room (together with finishing). That is, the last step should be on the same level with it.

span height

The distance between the steps and the ceiling of the second floor (ceiling) is implied. It is clear that moving up the stairs, constantly bending your head is not an option to save space. Basically, the masters are guided by 200. This is enough, since rarely anyone has growth that exceeds this value.

Steepness of a wooden staircase

A slope of 40 ± 5º is considered optimal. Exceeding this value will complicate the climb to the second floor for the elderly, young children, as well as those whose physical capabilities are limited for some reason. But even a more flat design has a number of disadvantages. The consumption of wood is increasing, and much more space will be needed for its installation. Here you need to choose the most suitable for concrete house option.

steps

Tread. You should focus on the 45th size of a person's foot, then it will be convenient for everyone to walk up the stairs. Based on this, the recommended step width is within 28 ± 2.

Riser. The optimal value, regardless of the design features of the wooden stairs, is 18±2. It will be convenient for both children and a tall person to move along it.

Number of steps. This requires a calculation. The distance between adjacent ones is simply determined - the thickness of their board + risers. When a fractional value is received, it is rounded up to an integer value. It remains only to divide the height of the stairs by it.

What to consider:

The dimensions of all steps of the flight ladder must be identical. That is, it is enough to make calculations for only one.
If there are more than 18 steps, then it is recommended to provide a platform in the design of the stairs (hence, at least 2 marches). It is called differently - viewing, turning, intermediate - but you need to mount it. Another question - where exactly should it be located - strictly in the center of the span, closer to the top of the stairs? Here it is worth thinking, in accordance with the features of the house and the convenience of moving to the second floor.

Ladder length

it final stage computing. The initial data are the parameters of the steps and their number. As practice shows, when drawing up a staircase drawing on your own, it often does not fit estimated length to the ground floor. How to proceed? There are several options:

Add one march. This solution is more complicated, since it will be necessary to mount an additional platform, and, therefore, to re-perform the main calculations.
Provide for several turning (winder) steps in the design of the stairs. The option is simpler and more convenient for doing it yourself. It is he who is most often implemented.

Features of mounting a wooden staircase

Regardless of its design, all basic technological operations are identical. If you understand the nuances of building a single-flight staircase, then it will not be difficult to assemble it according to any other scheme.

The specifics of the preparation of components

Steps. For them, board segments are selected that do not have any defects in the form of chips, cracks, curvature. Their recommended thickness, taking into account the expected loads, is 35 ± 5. More impractical, since both the consumption of material and the total weight of the structure increase. Less undesirable for reasons of safety when moving up stairs (taking into account the loads carried).

At the stage of preparing the steps, it is necessary to round off the sharp edges of the fragments of the boards in order to eliminate the risk of injury. In addition, their front surface and ends must be carefully sanded - no chips, burrs, and so on. Here you will be most welcome. The length of the steps is selected depending on the chosen scheme of the wooden staircase. But their protrusions beyond the stringers by more than 3 (cm) are undesirable.

Riser. They are not load-bearing elements, and often play only a decorative role. Here you can save a little on them using a board for 10 or 15. By the way, some wooden stairs are assembled without them. Such structures look even more impressive, and, in addition, the cleaning of spans is greatly simplified.

Kosoura. it supporting elements for the entire staircase, so the lumber for them should be chosen especially carefully. Special attention- equality of all parameters. Both stringers should be like "twin brothers", otherwise the staircase after assembly will turn out to be asymmetric, with distortions, curvature, and so on. The figures show some variants of stringers.

The feasibility of making do-it-yourself fencing elements is in question. Well, if it is possible to process balusters, handrails on machine tools. Otherwise, it is better to purchase ready-made samples. Given the fact that it is they (especially with a side view) that are the first to catch the eye, such costs are fully justified.

The nuances of installing a wooden staircase

Kosour fastening. Fixing the extreme on the wall is possible only if the base is strong enough (a house made of bricks, timber, and so on). In other cases, the entire staircase structure is mounted on racks.

To prevent movement of the lower part, a support bar is installed on the floor of the first floor. The top of the span is attached to the ceiling itself (you will need to make a cutout in the beam along its width) or “fastened” to it with anchor bolts. The stringers themselves must also be fastened together so that they are not “led” during the drying process of the wood. For example, yes.

Riser. If it is decided to use them in the staircase scheme, then they are mounted on stringers.

Steps. In order not to be mistaken, their installation begins from the bottom of the structure. Side mounts- on the support beams, if there are risers, then at least at one point (in the center) on them.

Balusters. First, only two are mounted - the upper and lower. A cord is stretched between them. Focusing on it, it is easy to install stairs along the flights and align all the others.

Handrail attachment. When it comes to wooden stairs, this a priori does not mean that these elements must necessarily be made of wood. It is quite difficult to make them from it with your own hands. Here you will need not only experience, but also the appropriate tool. Options for handrails - plastic or metal.

Final stage

After checking the symmetry of the structure, the reliability of all connections, a number of measures are taken:

Grinding of all structural parts.
Impregnation with special / compositions (from fire, rot, wood-boring insects).
Surface finish. The painting option is not for a private house. It is advisable to treat the stairs with a tinting compound, and on top or with a wax-containing solution. But this is at the discretion of the owner, depending on the general style of finishing the room.