Where are global bimetallic radiators assembled? Aluminum radiators Global. Model range of bimetallic radiators

Ideal option is the insulation of the house during construction: it is easier to carry out all the work taking into account the design, select materials and carry out all the work sequentially. But this may not be possible, for example, if the building was purchased ready-made or the need for additional thermal insulation was not taken into account during construction. In this case, it remains possible to start insulating the walls inside the house when it is completely completed.

Types of insulation of an individual house

All types of insulation are divided into two main ones: external and internal. Like any construction technology, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account when choosing in a particular situation.

The external method of carrying out work, as the name suggests, involves installing insulating elements on the walls of the building from the outside. The advantages of this technical solution include:

• preventing negative aggressive environmental impacts on external walls - this increases the service life of facades and external elements of the “box”;
• internal usable area the premises will not be reduced by the installation of additional insulating structures;
• location of the dew point outside the building, thereby preventing fogging interior walls.

But unfortunately this method may not always be used. The reason may be the need to save natural look facades, or they are structurally designed in such a way that they do not allow the use outdoor installation insulation.

In this case, work is carried out to insulate your home from the inside. This technique also has clear advantages, especially for individual developers, the main one of which is ease of installation - the ability to carry out insulation work is quite accessible to any home craftsman.

Important! The internal insulation method is the only way out when a city apartment in a high-rise building requires additional thermal insulation.

Before installing the selected material for thermal insulation, you should take into account the biggest and most important disadvantage of this type of work: the dew point, which, due to the location of the warm layer with inside walls are located inside the room. Since the wall remains cold, moisture condenses inside between it and the layer of heat-insulating material.

The appearance of condensation is fraught with many troubles, ranging from the formation of fungal and mold formations, to the appearance of cracks and destruction of walls under the influence of ice microcrystals. A mandatory action will be to carry out a carefully thought-out hydro- and vapor barrier of the walls and insulation.

For independent insulation of walls indoors, there are several on the market. available types material.

Penoplex

Currently, when carrying out thermal insulation work in buildings using the internal method, penoplex (expanded polystyrene) is most often used. It is produced in a factory by foaming polystyrene and molding it under slight pressure into slabs with different thicknesses and overall dimensions.

As the thickness of the slab increases, its thermal insulation properties also increase. Due to its low density (the material is very light), simple processing and installation, penoplex is especially convenient when carrying out work independently - it can be installed even alone.

In addition to its low cost, expanded polystyrene has a number of positive parameters due to its chemical and physical properties:

• low thermal conductivity allows you to effectively retain heat without releasing it outside the premises;
• has the property of absorbing sound, which makes it an additional effective sound insulator - sounds from outside will penetrate less into the room;
• is hydrophobic, that is, it cannot transmit or absorb moisture;
• the consequence of the previous is the preservation of properties under the influence of a humid environment;
• long service life;
• lack of self-decomposition with the release of toxic substances - its use is safe indoors;
• is not affected by temperature fluctuations and is able to maintain properties over a very wide range;
• low density leads to low weight - transporting, carrying and installing insulation is not difficult;
• easy to process simple dialing tool;
• non-flammable, which is especially important when used indoors near electrical cables;
• chemically and biologically inert - does not rot and does not form the basis for the formation of fungus and mold.

Technological sequence of work

Brief step by step description installation of insulation:

1. We prepare the internal surfaces of the walls - cleaning, sealing cracks and cracks using a spatula and putty mixtures;
2. We prime the surfaces using acrylic primers to protect against the possible appearance of fungus or mold;
3. We apply a layer of glue to the dry, primed wall (the same as on a polystyrene board) and glue the insulation to the wall. It is necessary to glue from the bottom up, sealing the cracks with construction foam;
4. The glued slabs should be secured with plastic dowels for reliability (attach the corners and center);
5. Carry out waterproofing by covering the slabs with plastic film high density, gluing their joints with mounting tape;
6. A plaster mesh is stretched over the waterproofing layer;
7. Plaster is applied over the mesh and the coating is finished.

The work with penoplex is completed - the room is insulated and ready to move in.

Before mass use polymer materials The most common was the use of mineral wool in both industrial and individual construction.

Important! The industry produces several types of mineral wool: stone, glass and slag. The optimal set of properties is stone. But you should be careful when using glass wool - it can become a source of serious trouble if you do not follow special measures safety when working with it.

Given the heat insulating material produced in rolls, rigid slabs or flexible mats. Mineral wool is still widely used and has a number of characteristic advantages:

• has good insulating properties (low thermal conductivity);
• has sound absorption properties (noise protection);
• does not interfere with the passage of vapors;
• does not emit toxins - environmentally friendly material;
• good heat resistance allows use in close proximity to heat sources (stoves, fireplaces, chimney ducts and pipes);
• moisture resistance - mineral wool is not saturated with moisture;
• does not rot and does not allow mold and fungi to develop;
• does not respond to sudden and significant temperature changes;
• does not burn;
• has a long service life.

You should pay special attention to the disadvantages of this material - first of all, it is its large mass, so you should always carefully calculate the possibility of additional load on the walls due to the weight of the insulation. In addition, increased vapor permeability leads to the threat of moisture accumulation near the walls, therefore prerequisite thorough waterproofing is performed.

Sequence of actions

Work on thermal insulation of premises from the inside with mineral wool looks like this:

1. The surface of the walls is thoroughly cleaned;
2. Cracks and crevices are sealed;
3. The walls are covered with plastic film using thin slats. The seams are taped with mounting tape;
4. A lathing made of wooden blocks is attached to the wall - the distance between them should coincide with the width of the roll or slab of mineral wool;
5. Fits tightly mineral wool, butt;
6. The joints are taped with tape;
7. On top you need to make another layer of waterproofing from polyethylene film(completely similar to the first);
8. “Closing” is carried out, that is, the internal rigid part of the insulating layer is installed. The materials you can use are plasterboard, lining and others.

Upon completion it is made decorative finishing surfaces - this completes the procedure for insulating the room using mineral wool.

Foil materials

Technological progress does not stand still, and more and more new developments and materials appear. Foil insulation is quickly and actively conquering the market and has already become popular and in demand everywhere.

Important! Structurally, foil insulation is a flexible thin heat-insulating material coated with metal foil. The foil itself cannot be classified as a heat insulator, since it is very thermally conductive. But its role is to reflect infrared radiation: it simply reflects the heat back into the room, and a thin layer of thermal insulation completes the job - almost all the heat remains inside the building.

The industry has already established the production of a whole range of similar materials - they may have a heat-insulating layer of foamed polyethylene or polystyrene, or they may be based on mineral wool. They may have foil on one side, or they may have foil on both. There are even options with a self-adhesive composition, which makes placing the material on the wall as easy as possible.

One of the most widely used materials produced using ultra-modern technology is penofol. The procedure for insulation with its help is as follows (for other options for foil insulation, the process is similar):

1. As in other cases, the first step is to clean the surface of the walls;
2. Sealing gaps and cracks in surfaces;
3. Fastening the wooden bars of the sheathing - the distance between them corresponds to a roll of penofol;
4. Laying insulation with foil towards the room. It must be placed end-to-end, sealing the seams with foil tape;
5. Finishing surface finishing (plaster, lining and others).

This completes the entire insulation process. As can be seen from the above diagram, this is the simplest method of insulation, which does not require waterproofing measures - heat-insulating materials with foil based on polymer insulation do not require additional work.

Wooden house - insulation features

The natural wall material - wood - determines some features when insulating walls inside wooden house:

1. Pre-treatment of the wall with antisecticides;
2. Treating surfaces with compounds that prevent wood rotting;
3. Carefully check the surface for cracks and cracks formed during shrinkage wooden structure. If found, it is necessary to carefully caulk them;
4. The need for vapor barrier - moisture should not penetrate to the wood of the walls.

When a wooden house is insulated from the inside, this leads to an increase in humidity in the room. To eliminate this deficiency needs to be installed coercive system ventilation - this will return comfort to the room and eliminate the threat of condensation.

As can be concluded from all that has been said above, choosing interior work for insulating a house with your own hands has many disadvantages when compared with externally. But if necessary, such work can be carried out without extra costs and with high results, especially when using modern materials - the main thing is to carry out all work competently and carefully follow the insulation installation technology.

For owners of country houses and especially country houses with year-round residence ensuring permanent comfortable temperature in all rooms is always very important. No matter how effective various systems heating, the main factor always remains the ability of the house structures to retain heat inside the building. First of all, this applies to the walls that have the largest surface area of ​​the house and, accordingly, produce the maximum heat loss of the building. The simplest and most effective method is to insulate the walls from the outside. What materials are the most effective for insulating the walls of a house, and you can also learn about the technology for performing such work by studying this article.

Heat loss through the wall

The goal of any insulation is to minimize heat exchange with the environment.

Based on this, we can safely say that external insulation of the walls of a house is a very important stage of construction work:

• Reducing heating costs in winter and air conditioning in summer.
• Comfort and coziness in the house not only at the peak of frost and heat, but also in the off-season with minimal use of household heating appliances.

Even quality construction houses from any building materials cannot completely solve the problem of heat conservation inside them. There are always invisible gaps between the rows of logs or wooden beam, heterogeneity and voids in brick or block masonry, lack of insulation, air cavities, expansion joints in panel and monolithic housing construction.

All wall defects can be clearly identified only with the use of thermal imaging technology. This service is provided by some specialized and construction organizations to assess heat loss during heating of buildings and develop solutions to eliminate them.

The traditional solution to eliminate heat loss is various ways external insulation of walls of a private house:

• Plaster using various fillers.
• Wall cladding with lumber.
• External single-row masonry with brick or stone for wooden buildings with filling of the resulting gap with heat-insulating materials.
• Cladding with sheet materials () using insulation.
• Application of modern curtain facades.

Sometimes do-it-yourself insulation of the walls of a private house is also done from the inside of the premises using sheet or roll thermal insulation materials, cladding, plasterboard sheathing, etc.

The materials and substances used to reduce heat loss are characterized by both their own low thermal conductivity and additional heat retention during their use due to multilayer structure(hydro-, sound- and thermal insulation) wall insulation. After all, such a structure contains air layers that conduct heat poorly.

Advantages of external insulation

Structurally, there are three possibilities for insulating external load-bearing walls any building:

1. Placing insulation elements inside the wall. Possibly at the stage of construction or reconstruction of the building. Most often requires design solutions to ensure bearing capacity, structural and thermal calculations.
2. From inside the premises. This type of insulation reduces the area and volume of the room, and also creates certain difficulties in carrying out work under cramped conditions in a populated residential building.
3. Outside walls. This method is usually not limited by the space for carrying out work, delivery and storage of necessary materials, devices scaffolding and use lifting mechanisms. Depending on the materials used for insulation and finishing, it is possible to carry out work at almost any time of the year.

• Important! When externally insulating the walls of a house, moisture condensation due to the temperature difference between the outside and inside the building occurs not inside the room or wall structure, but outside. This not only solves the problem of sweating and the inevitable formation of fungus when walls freeze, but also significantly slows down the process of wall destruction due to the cessation of the regular formation of moisture and ice crystals inside structures. For reliable protection walls outside the house from exposure external factors, it would not be superfluous to use a hinged ventilated facade.

In addition, by insulating the walls from the outside, you will simultaneously solve at least two more problems - improving sound insulation and the appearance of the building, which is often no less important for the owner and family members. Thermal insulation perfectly absorbs background noise and harsh sounds, and a variety of facing materials of different textures and colors can protect walls from external influences and radically change the appearance of the house.

This method of insulation with optimal investments will help to significantly reduce heating costs, which is important taking into account heating costs with constantly rising prices for any energy source: firewood, coal, gas and electricity.

You can qualitatively insulate the walls of your house using liquid polyurethane foam. To do this, using special equipment, it is pumped into the air gap between the wall of the house and the interior lining of the room.

Wall materials and methods of their insulation

For the construction of load-bearing walls of buildings they will use various materials and ready-made structures, as well as different ways and masonry, assembly and fastening methods, adhesives and fastening elements. Physical properties These substances and materials directly shape the dynamics of temperature changes inside the house under the influence of external and internal factors.

Brick and wood, foam and reinforced concrete, blocks of cement mixture with various fillers, prefabricated layered wall structures have different thermal conductivity, thermal inertia, density and strength. Factory building structures made of reinforced concrete have the worst thermal insulation properties, which is most often aggravated by shortcomings and violations technological process at all stages of construction of buildings from it. This also applies to buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete. All this is important for the right choice material and method of external wall insulation.

Materials used for construction and insulation of house walls

The main task of external insulation of a house is protection building structures walls from contact with too hot or cold outside air And precipitation. In practice, this range varies from traditional cladding with planed boards and clapboards to the installation of ventilated facade systems.

Wall facade

Sheathing and cladding of external walls of buildings for wind protection and insulation using lumber, roofing felt, technical cardboard, profiled metal sheet, various types siding with laying of mineral wool mats or foam sheets is the most common method of external insulation.

No less common and also used today is decorative plaster using various mixtures followed by painting the surface. The disadvantages of this type of insulation have always been the high labor intensity and fragility of work without constant supervision, routine repair of the coating, which is quickly destroyed by temperature changes and precipitation. The effectiveness of insulation using this method also leaves much to be desired.

The lower the density of the heat-insulating material (the more closed air cells it contains), the better insulation properties it has.

The most popular and used types of wall insulation today are various mineral wool in rolls or ready-made mats different sizes, expanded polystyrene sheets, more commonly called polystyrene foam, fiberglass materials.

More rare are foil polyethylene foam, wood fiberboard, various liquid polymer compositions foaming in the filled volume, silicone heat-resistant paints, cellulose insulation called ecowool, sprayed polyurethane foam.

On top of the layers of insulation and waterproofing, the walls are faced with sheet and tile materials:

Profiled sheet;
Siding;
Curtain facades.

Good to know! Profiled sheets and siding are the most sold and used facing materials. In addition to their excellent appearance, they qualitatively protect the insulation located between them and the wall of the building from all external influences.

External wall insulation technology

To insulate the surface of the walls of buildings from the outside, several methods and technological techniques are used:

1. Attaching heat-insulating materials to the façade using glue or mechanical fixation. This is followed by reinforcing mesh, a layer of plaster and final painting. This method is called a wet facade.
2. Thermal insulation is attached to the wall in the same way as the first method. Then it is built with air gap a one-brick wall made of facing or ordinary bricks, followed by painting.
3. Fastening alternately the waterproofing layer, insulation, and wind protection. On the frame from the mounting metal profile or wooden block decorative cladding made of corrugated sheets, siding, and ceramic tiles are attached.

The choice of wall insulation method depends on many factors:

• Type and height of the building;
• Wall material and area;
• Degrees of freezing and heat loss;
• Finance allocated for these works.

Insulate the walls of a country house or country house the owner and his family members and friends can do it, but the work on insulating a multi-storey building should be entrusted to a specialized construction organization.

The best option for performing external insulation work:

It is better to carry out the entire range of work when there are design solutions, thermal and structural calculations, as well as specifications for building materials and fasteners. You can do them yourself or order documentation from specialists construction organization engaged in insulation of buildings.

This approach will eliminate a lot of problems: choosing a suitable certified material, its delivery, performing installation work, especially at height, which requires mandatory qualifications and permits for such work.

If the owner of a private house is confident in his abilities and construction skills, then he can choose the most acceptable method from his point of view, buy materials available everywhere today and insulate the walls outside the house himself. This way you can not only save money, but also enjoy the results.

Insulation for walls from the inside is available in large quantities in retail chains. It is different in its composition and characteristics and you need to make the right choice.

Today we will tell you how to insulate walls from the inside of a room, you will also get acquainted with the types of insulation materials and you will be able to choose exactly the one that is suitable in your case. Also, the video in this article and photo will provide the necessary information on this issue.

When the wall is insulated inside

Insulation of walls inside is carried out in cases where there is no alternative solution and you have to take risks by insulating the inside.

For example, the city administration prohibits making changes to the façade of a building (cultural property, façade facing a main street, etc.):

1. Behind the wall, which is planned to be insulated, there is a construction joint connecting the two buildings;
2. An insulated wall hides an elevator or other unheated room where it is not possible to install insulation.

In addition to these situations, installation of insulation inside a room can only be carried out in a situation where this was originally planned by the design of the future building. This is practiced during the construction frame houses(cm. How to insulate the walls of a frame house).

The insulation of a wall from the inside with gypsum board will depend on the material of the wall itself. After all, it can have different heat capacity. In the photo you can see this indicator for common wall materials.

• In this case, the same insulating material is used as was used during construction. The lack of insulation is compensated for by another layer. You can also insulate a wooden house, using an additional layer of wood;
• Other reasons that entail this method of wall insulation are not justified. The best option the work is carried out by finishing from the street, even if the finishing material is transferred to the updated finishing layer;
• However, if decision made such work was accepted categorically; it is necessary to approach each stage of this type of finishing extremely scrupulously. In particular, you need to be extremely careful when choosing material, carefully consider preparatory stage, and then correctly fasten the purchased insulation using known technologies.

Specifics of the process and basic rules

Insulating walls from the inside with your own hands in this way does not provide heat, but, on the contrary, is susceptible to freezing. This will lead to condensation warm air from a room with cold air from the street. The condensation process will move closer to the walls inside the room and their finishing, as well as directly on its surface.

Accumulated moisture will lead to constant dampness and destruction of the finish, and then the finished surface itself. In addition, the thermal insulation properties will deteriorate significantly, which means the heat loss of the room will be very high. Brick walls are most susceptible to destruction in such conditions.

• To avoid such problems, you should choose a finishing material characterized by vapor permeability, increased moisture resistance and a method of fastening that excludes the presence of joints through which high humidity and vapors penetrate into the room and spoil appearance walls;
• It is categorically unacceptable to choose varieties of mineral wool, ceramic materials in liquid form, gypsum board sheets, heat-insulating plaster composition and others. GKL sheets and plaster mixtures It can only be used as a finishing layer for surface design.

Attention: All materials that have a loose fibrous structure, are not moisture resistant and are vapor permeable are absolutely not suitable for such insulation.

Modern penoplex material is also very doubtful for such use. With this type of finishing it is difficult to achieve ideal joints with the wall surface without the use of special solutions. In addition, joining sheets of expanded polystyrene to each other is also not easy, and if the technology is broken, the thermal insulation properties will be poor.

Preparation for internal insulation

Based on the above, we can put together a picture of the necessary preparatory manipulations that should be carried out:

• It is extremely important to ensure that the wall being finished is as dry as possible;
• It is necessary to install a vapor barrier and waterproofing layer to block the wall directly from the room;
• The insulation film must be characterized by increased moisture resistance and be vapor-tight;
• The heat insulating layer must be built tightly, without gaps or joints. The resulting cracks are carefully sealed with sealant.

Attention: The ideal solution could be the construction of another wall in the space of the future room. The newly erected wall can be tightly joined with the outer wall, as well as provide an air cushion with a layer of thermal insulation.

But such work will quickly “eat up” the volume of the entire room, reducing the space. There is an option to use thin insulation for the walls inside, but this may not provide sufficient heat in the room.

Methods of finishing from the inside

Methods for insulating walls from the inside are divided not just by materials, but also by the method of installation work. Let's look at the most common options.

Foamed polyurethane

Using such a finish will allow you to achieve good thermal insulation properties and create a reliable barrier to moisture.

Attention: Installation of such material can be a great inconvenience, because initially it is a liquid foam substance that very quickly becomes solid.

• In order for the surface to remain smooth and the thickness of the layer to be reliable, you will have to build formwork into which foam will be poured in small parts. It is important to remember that wooden or metal frame will become the same bridge of cold. Which will let frost in from the street;
• After applying a layer of insulation to a plane, it is extremely important to provide protective layers from moisture and steam. The insulation is securely fixed to the remaining walls and ceiling slab using lathing, gluing with adhesives or special resin;
• The low density of the finishing does not allow applying the finishing decorative layer directly to the insulation. For the final design, you will have to construct a frame from gypsum plasterboard sheets, the fastenings of which will be on the touching walls and the ceiling slab;
• In this design, condensation will fall at the boundary of the wall and the foam or will come inside the insulation. As a result of the inaccessibility of the external climate and good vapor permeability, moisture does not form.

Construction of an additional wall

The procedure for insulating walls from the inside will depend on the structure you choose. Sometimes an additional wall is selected for work. It will serve as a barrier to cold air.

• With this method, heating components are mounted on the plane of the outer wall. However, it is recommended to turn on such elements only during severe frosts; this will heat the plane of the wall inside the room and move the place of condensation;
• To carry out finishing craftsmen are building additional walls made of gypsum plasterboard sheets or half a brick thick. Insulating material is installed within the opening connecting the false wall and the plane of the street wall;
• This option will significantly reduce heat loss and will save you in case of severe frosts, but it will cost a pretty penny. Electricity consumption will be high, since the thermal elements will actually heat the street.

Penoplex

If you decide to use expanded polystyrene, which is not very suitable for this type of insulation, it is important to pay close attention to the features of its installation.

So:

• Smooth, rigid sheets, quite strong, are offered in sizes 1000x1000 or 1000x500 mm, which inevitably form joints during installation. This can lead to poor-quality sealing, which means you will have to join the sheets as tightly as possible to each other, and fill the voids with sealant;
• The solution is usually used as separate patches. When choosing of this type finishing, this method will not work. With this finishing, the wall is filled with air voids where moisture accumulates, which will soon find a gap to escape and disrupt the external gloss of the wall plane. This also leads to the growth of dangerous fungus and mold;
• A definitively correct way would be to apply adhesive composition an even and smooth layer on the surface of the penoplex and securely gluing them to the wall surface. Professionals usually use a special roller with needles immediately before applying glue. It makes the plane of the sheet looser, providing better adhesion;
• This fastening process also requires a well-prepared wall plane, leveled and primed. For leveling and finishing, professional moisture-resistant compounds are used, which are used in finishing rooms with a humid climate;
• The use of staples to secure trim is not recommended. When using them, the attachment points will form leaky transitions, spoiling the entire plane of the finishing layer. When using reinforcement or plastering (see Penoplex plaster: which one to choose) the best solution would be to use special fastenings"T" shaped. By inserting them between sheets of polystyrene foam, they are secured to the floorboard and ceiling plane.

Scheme of work on insulating an internal wall

Having chosen in advance the method of insulating the wall, the material with which this work will be carried out, having calculated the upcoming costs and purchased everything necessary, we proceed to the most important stage - installation.

How to properly insulate walls from the inside, there are a number of rules that have a huge impact on the time factor and the situation when repair work. When buying insulation, the main rule to follow is – no savings! Instructions for performing the work are outlined below.

Attention: You should also not neglect important points of the installation diagram. Experiments with reducing the cost of finishing may result in unpleasant consequences and additional costs in the future.

Insulation from the inside of walls is carried out exclusively on warm days, when high humidity and wet precipitation are not expected. Before starting work, it is extremely important to dry the surface of the wall being finished.

For these purposes, you can use special guns, heating elements and other devices. With their help, it will be possible to greatly reduce the humidity in the room being finished.

• The best way would still be to fasten gypsum board sheets into a pre-prepared frame, attached to the planes of adjacent walls, the ceiling space and the floorboard. This will leave a gap between the wall and insulation material 2 - 5 cm thick.
• If polystyrene foam is chosen as the material, it is possible to use reinforcement of the material and then apply plaster. But the durability of such a coating will depend entirely on the quality of the work performed. Do not forget to carefully coat the gaps separating the sheets with sealant, and attach the insulation to an even and dense layer of glue.

Insulation technology metal walls the inside will be slightly different in terms of insulation mounting options. In this case, it is better to choose foaming materials. Then the price of the work will be lower. After all, in this case there will be no need to attach the mats to the surface and this will reduce the cost of the work.

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own way, both of them are true, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which one insulation will do, study the nuances of performing insulation work.

Insulating indoor walls means making your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional and is usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

This option can also be considered in apartment building when insulation of internal walls the only way insulate the room. This process will help prevent the formation of fungus in the room.

Disadvantages of internal thermal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, which is why it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation walls, the following arise:

• at external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment and cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat conservation, it moves behind load-bearing structure and is formed between the insulator and the surface. The result may be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
• reduction in area. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with a material that would take up little space. At the moment, with insulation work, the room will become 10 cm smaller on each side.

Before you decide on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the disadvantages and considering the advantages; this is the only way to avoid errors and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have their pros and cons.

The most popular thermal insulators:

• wood fiber board;
• ecowool;
• glass wool

These insulators are available everywhere and are inexpensive. Let's look at the characteristics of each type of insulator that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and foam plastic

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is very often used for insulating apartments and high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a slab 5 cm thick. No need special tool, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

• flammability;
• low strength;
• vapor tightness - if not done working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

Ventilation must be forced - this may require additional costs.

This thermal insulation option is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since the wood covered with this heat-insulating material, loses its ability to “breathe”.

Mineral wool

A very common heat insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings In addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent soundproofing properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive and has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase rigid basalt wool slabs; they are easy to install. Another advantage of the material is its non-flammability.

But you should use this material with great caution if the walls in the apartment are damp, basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, you need to install a waterproofing layer, and before finishing the cladding, install a vapor barrier.

For waterproofing work, it is better to use membranes; they are vapor permeable and will not interfere with the “breathing” of external walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat conservation and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• moisture resistant;
• easy to process and install;
• Rodents are not bred in it.

Often this material is used specifically for exterior finishing, it is treated with special impregnations that can be harmful to human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, so innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. This new product is a foil insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, onto which a layer of thin aluminum foil. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed into the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, just carefully prepare the surface and stick the insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among ordinary people due to a lot of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The thermal insulator is produced by processing recycled cellulose and is therefore non-toxic;
• excellent thermal insulation performance;
• air tightness;
• fine-fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

• impossibility of installing it yourself. The material is applied by wet spraying using special equipment. For insulation you will have to invite specialists;
• when vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
• flammability;
• the hardening time of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
• price;
• the need to equip the frame.

Internal thermal insulation of walls using ecowool is carried out strictly on wooden lathing, the pitch of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that when sprayed the material does not slide off the vertical surface.

Glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main component of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

• high sound insulation qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
• fire resistance;
• immunity to chemical influences;
• affordable price;
• breathability.

But it’s worth talking about the disadvantages:

• the material is not resistant to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
• has a high degree of shrinkage over time;
• service life is 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
• destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the disadvantages, the material is very often used for insulating rooms, as it is low cost and easy to install.

When working with glass wool, you need to use protective equipment - goggles, a mask, gloves and thick clothing, since small, sharp particles of the material cause severe itching when they come into contact with the skin.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before installing wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we select the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

• safety for humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

When internal insulation of the house is installed even before installation begins, a good ventilation system, otherwise the indoor microclimate will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Technology for insulating walls from the inside

Experts advise using insulation of the room from the inside only in special cases, For example:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and industrial climbers need to be involved for external insulation;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to rent facade finishing and make external thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade disrupts the architectural ensemble.

Methods for insulating walls from the inside:

• on the frame;
• on glue.

The first method does not require careful leveling of the bearing surface. Besides this facing material It’s very easy to attach to the frame, so if you plan to build walls from plasterboard after insulation, then you don’t need to install the sheathing. If after insulation you plan to plaster the surface, then there is no need for a frame. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further finishing of the walls.

Insulation on the frame

Like a wall from the inside of a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of walls from the inside is a labor-intensive process, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the fragile material is not subject to mechanical stress, this is especially true if thermal insulation material foam is selected.

There is no need to level the wall, but before installation it is worth clearing the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and covering it with an antiseptic compound.

The frame is being constructed aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is done using dowels or self-tapping screws, depending on the material from which the base is made. The pitch of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if soft insulation is chosen for walls inside the walls, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters; when using polystyrene foam or polystyrene, it is exactly 60 cm.

If a decision is made to use wooden elements, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, heat insulation is placed in the gaps, all seams between the material are sealed polyurethane foam. After the foam has dried, it is cut flush. After this, you can begin the final finishing.

Thermal insulation of indoor walls on the frame is made with the following materials:

• glass wool;
• basalt insulation;
• foam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using lathing on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation with glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the wall plane before insulation.

They are cleaned of dust and contaminants and degreased. Further work proceeds according to the following algorithm:

• After cleaning, the walls must be leveled and repaired. The cracks are filled with putty, large protrusions are knocked down, and the depressions are sealed with mortar;
• all surfaces are treated with an antiseptic or primer with an antimicrobial effect;
• the primer is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can begin installing the slabs with glue; it is applied to the wall and to the material using a notched trowel;
• the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface dries, you need to perform additional fixation with umbrella dowels.

Do not forget that the installation of layers of material is carried out offset. In this case, it is necessary to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

The installation of insulation with glue has its limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

• foam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• forged insulation.

As soon as all the installation of the heat insulator is completed, finishing begins.

Finish coatings

Usually, when installing heat-saving boards with glue, they are plastered using a forming mesh under gypsum composition, and fiberglass for putty. These measures will prevent cracking of the finish coating.

After all the plastering and putty work is completed and the walls have dried, we clean the surface with a fine abrasive mesh and paint it with a water-based emulsion of the desired shade.