To ensure normal air exchange in a house or apartment, two components are necessary: ​​the inflow of fresh air through the living rooms and its outflow from the technical ones. Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is one of the components of the outflow. Therefore, it is necessary to do it right.

According to the principle of operation, ventilation can be natural or mechanical, they also say - forced. The natural movement of air occurs due to the movement of wind, temperature differences and, resulting from this, pressure drops. When mechanical ventilation is used, air movement is caused by fans.

From the point of view of an urban man, forced movement is preferable: everyone has long been accustomed to the fact that life support depends on the availability of electricity. And it rarely disappears in cities. But in rural areas in winter, power outages are rather the norm. Therefore, probably, they tend to mainly make systems non-volatile, or at least redundant.

But the natural ventilation in the bathroom and bathroom should be too large. After all, the lower the speed of air movement through the channel, the greater the cross section of the duct is needed to ensure the transfer of the required volumes. No one will argue that when the fan is on, the air moves faster. This is even reflected in the SNiP: the rate of movement for ventilation systems with natural circulation is up to 1 m 3 / h, for mechanical ones - from 3 to 5 m 3 / h. Therefore, for the same room and conditions, the dimensions of the channels will be different. For example, to transfer a flow of 300 m 3 / h, you will need:

Therefore, few people today manage with natural ventilation. Unless in small houses (up to 100 sq. m.). Even in apartments with channels leading to the roof, bathrooms and toilets are ventilated using fans.

Organization rules

When installing an air movement system, you need to remember the basic principle: in order for everything to work efficiently, it is necessary to ensure the flow of air through the living rooms and its flow into the technical ones. From there, he leaves through the ventilation ducts.

Today, air flow has become a problem: by reducing heating costs, we have cut off almost all sources of its supply. We install airtight windows, we insulate the walls through which at least a little air enters with airtight materials. The third source - entrance doors - today, almost all have iron ones, with a rubber seal. There was, in fact, the only way - airing. But we do not abuse it at all: it blows out heat. As a result, to the problems of lack of oxygen in the room, the problem of dampness is added: there is no inflow, and the outflow is inefficient. Even forced.

If you want the ventilation to be normal, and the walls in the rooms not to “wet”, make ventilation holes. There is such an option on metal-plastic windows, and there are separate devices that are mounted anywhere on the wall. They are available with adjustable shutters, of various shapes and sizes, and are covered with bars from the outside. It is best to install under the windows, above or behind the batteries. Then they are not visible in the room, and in winter the air coming from the street is heated.

Having ensured the inflow, care must be taken to ensure that it enters the technical premises through the doors. Therefore, there should be gaps under all doors: through them, air will flow into other rooms. It is advisable to install a ventilation grill in the bathroom doors and / or also make a gap of at least 2 cm from the floor. The same rules apply to other technical rooms: kitchen and toilet. Only if there is movement of air masses will ventilation work.

The doors of technical rooms - kitchens, bathrooms, toilets - must have ventilation grilles or valves. There are even valves with noise absorption, and the smell, if properly organized, will never get into other rooms

Calculation of fan performance for bathroom and toilet

To decide which fan to put on the bathtub with a toilet, you need to calculate the necessary air exchange. The calculation is a whole system, but when installing a fan, the main attention is paid to its characteristics: it provides the required air speed. In order not to interfere in the calculations, its performance can be taken according to average numbers.

Air exchange rate for different rooms. With their help, ventilation is calculated in the bathroom and toilet

As you can see from the table (this is from SNiP), for a bathroom, at least 25 m 3 / h should be “pumped” per hour, for a toilet or a combined bathroom, the speed should be twice as high - 50 m 3 / h. These are the minimum values. In reality, through three (or two) technical rooms - a kitchen, a toilet, a bathroom - as much air should leave as it enters through the supply ventilation.

The calculation of the inflow is carried out according to the volume of all residential premises and usually exceeds it by 1.5-2 times, and the minimum values ​​\u200b\u200bindicated in the table are not enough to ensure the required air exchange. Therefore, the performance of the fans is taken with at least a double margin, and even more for kitchens: this way there will be no unpleasant odors in the apartment, as well as dampness and fungi. Therefore, when going to the bathroom with a fan with a lower capacity than 100 m 3 / h, it is better not to take it.

Choice

First of all, you need to decide where you will put the fan: in the duct or on the wall. Accordingly, the type: channel or wall. In wall-mounted versions, there can also be two types: for installation at the inlet of the ventilation duct - they create more pressure, and for ductless installation - exit directly through the wall to the street. For a channelless installation, axial-type fans are usually used - they cannot create a pressure of more than 50 Pa; for this reason, they are not installed in channels.

In addition to the performance that you calculated, another important characteristic is the noise level. The smaller it is, the better. It is good if the noise level is no more than 35 dB.

Another thing to pay attention to is the level of electrical safety. For use in rooms with high humidity, a protection level of at least IP 44 is required (indicated on the fan housing).

Connecting a fan in the bathroom

For the fan to work, power is needed and the main question is how to connect it. There are several possibilities:

• Connect in parallel with lighting. When you turn on the light in the bathroom or toilet, the fan automatically starts. But it also turns off automatically when the light is turned off. For the toilet, this situation is normal, but for the bathroom - not always. For example, after taking a hot shower, all the steam will not go away. Therefore, for bathrooms, you can use a different way to connect the fan or set a shutdown delay (a special device on which you can set the time interval after which the power will turn off).

• Output to a separate switch key or put a separate toggle switch / button.
• Set a timer that will automatically power up according to a schedule.

The electrical part is the hardest part. You will have to punch a strobe in the wall, “pack” the power cable into it, bring it to the installation site of the switch and connect it there, depending on the chosen method.

Checking the ventilation duct

Installing a fan in the bathroom with your own hands begins after checking the condition of the channel. To do this, remove the grate, if it has not been dismantled yet, and bring a flame (candle, lighter) or a piece of paper to the hole. If the flame or leaf is pulled steadily towards the channel, the draft is normal. If it stretches, then bends back - the thrust is unstable. In this case, if you live in an apartment building, smells from neighbors upstairs or downstairs can get to you. Then the smell in the toilet from the ventilation is possible. Traction needs to be stabilized.

If the flame or leaf almost does not deviate, the channel is clogged or blocked. In this case, mold and dampness, as well as unpleasant odors are guaranteed throughout the apartment, and in the bathroom, so be sure.

In case of abnormal draft, residents of high-rise buildings clean the channels themselves or call maintenance services. In private homes, in any case, everything falls on the shoulders of the owners. If the channel is unstable, you may have taken it out without taking into account the wind rose and the thrust periodically overturns. You can solve the problem by moving the exit, but it's not easy. To begin with, you can try to put a deflector (if it is not there) or slightly increase / decrease the height.

Features of forced ventilation in the bathroom

When the fan is installed while it is running, the amount of air discharged increases significantly. But due to the fact that the case covers part of the channel section, at other times, when the fan is not working, the flow decreases three times. As a result, the overall performance of the ventilation system drops.

To prevent this from happening, you can install a fan with an air intake grille located below and thus increase the performance to normal. The second option is to leave a gap of 1.5-2 cm between the case and the wall during installation, i.e. make legs. Air will enter the slot and ventilation will be normal in any case. See the video for more on this.

Having chosen the installation method and the type of grille, you can proceed directly to the installation. Fan sizes may vary. Therefore, each case is individual. But the basic steps are standard:

• A hole must be made on the tile under the body. The easiest way is to attach a fan and outline. Then, with a special nozzle on a drill or a grinder, cut a hole of the appropriate size.
• Remove the front panel from the fan. It is attached with one bolt at the bottom. The bolt was unscrewed, the grille was removed. Holes for fasteners are now visible. We insert the fan in this form into place (into the channel), mark on the tile with a pencil or marker the place where the bolts will be.
• With a drill of the appropriate diameter, we make holes in the tile and wall to fit the size of the dowel.
• We make an incision in the tile, where we will pass the power wire.
• We insert dowels.
• We stretch electrical wires through a special hole on the fan housing (if there is no hole, it is drilled).
• We install in place, tighten the bolts.
• We connect the wires.
• We check the performance and install the grate.
• For wooden toilets, all this is only partly true. Read about

  Ventilation in the bathroom in a private house

  Here the main difficulties may arise in the construction of exhaust channels. When planning, they can be brought together in one place and then brought to the roof. This is more difficult in terms of internal wiring - you will have to pull the ducts to the right place, and also more expensive during construction. But the look is solid.

  

  Another way to arrange ventilation ducts: bring it through the wall, and then lift it up along the outer wall. According to the rules, for normal draft with natural ventilation, they should rise 50 cm above the ridge. But one common air duct will be brought out by you or a separate one for each room - it depends on your desire or on the layout. The picture will look something like this.

  

  There is another option: to make a mechanical hood that will work exclusively from the fan. Then, depending on the layout, one of the two options presented in the photo is suitable.

  

  In the first case (on the left), the exhaust hole is made right in the upper part of the wall (in order for air exchange to be effective, it must be located opposite the door, obliquely, at the top). With this device, a conventional wall fan is used. The same figure shows how the number of required channels can be reduced. If your bathroom and toilet rooms are nearby, through a thin partition, then you can make a hole in the partition and install a grate. In this case, the ventilation of the bath will go through the toilet.

  In the second option (pictured on the right), an air duct with a duct fan is used. The solution is simple, only there is one caveat: if the air duct ends under the roof overhang (it is short in the photo, but there are also long ones), then the tree will turn black after a while. If you draw a conclusion from the toilet this way, this may not happen, and in the case of the bathroom, high humidity will make itself felt in a couple of years. In this case, you can “pull out” the air duct to the roof cut or bring it up through the knee (but raise it 50 cm above the roof).

CADvent program - new opportunities for designing ventilation systems

Elena Berdinsky (CAD Specialist, Lindab LLC)

The CADvent program is a development of the Swedish concern Lindab and has been one of the leading programs for the design of HVAC systems in Scandinavia, Western and Eastern Europe for more than 15 years.

Since 1965, Lindab's Ventilation business has been based on the development of system solutions for ventilation and air conditioning. Having vast experience in working with ventilation systems and working closely with engineers and installers, the company's specialists realized the need to create a program that would help to quickly and efficiently design ventilation systems, would include aerodynamic and acoustic calculations, would allow the creation of specifications for equipment and materials, and would have communication with a cost estimate program.

In 1992, the first release of the CADvent program was released, which quickly won the trust of consumers. CADvent combines powerful calculation functions with handy tools for drafting and designing ventilation systems. The program is constantly being improved in accordance with the requirements of the time and taking into account the needs of designers.

On the Russian market, Lindab presents a set of programs for calculating and designing ventilation, heating, plumbing and drainage systems, a program for simulating indoor climate. These are CADvent, DIMcomfort, DIMsilencer and TEKNOsim programs.

CADvent modules

The CADvent software is the basic HVAC design tool and comes in three main packages:

• CADvent Secure - design of ventilation systems. Closed databases of Lindab products;
• CADvent Link - design of ventilation systems. Open databases - in addition to the full list of Lindab products, which is in the program, you can upload databases from other manufacturers;
• CADvent Plus - design and calculation of ventilation and heating systems, drawing of water supply, sewerage, drainage and deluge systems. Open databases.

Depending on the design tasks, the designer can choose one or another package, and later, if necessary, upgrade to a version with more functionality.

Design and Calculation Functions

The CADvent program is an object-oriented application for AutoCAD and allows you to quickly and efficiently solve the whole range of tasks that arise in the implementation of projects for ventilation systems - this is the selection of equipment, the execution of working drawings, all necessary system calculations, the creation of equipment and materials specifications.

The main functions of the CADvent program are:

• work on the AutoCAD 2004-2011 platform;
• 2D/3D design;
• automatic selection of sections of air ducts and pipelines;
• aerodynamic calculation / calculation of pressure losses in the system;
• automatic balancing of systems with the arrangement of throttle valves;
• noise calculation (acoustic calculation);
• associative labeling of system elements;
• quick changes to the system;
• automatic creation of plans/sections;
• automatic compilation of specifications of materials and equipment;
• the possibility of quick and easy replenishment of equipment bases;
• converting AutoCAD blocks into smart CADvent objects (data on dimensions, flow, dP, etc. are added);
• intelligent movement of elements with the function of maintaining system integrity using standard AutoCAD movement handles or a special CADvent function;
• automatic layer management;
• collision control;
• the ability to create non-standard elements;
• links to costing programs.

Working with equipment

The design of a ventilation system in CADvent is object-oriented, that is, the designer initially works with the equipment and system elements that he has. Each element included in the catalog is an intelligent object - a copy of a real-life equipment - and contains not only geometry data, but also the relationship between flow, pressure and speed, noise characteristics.

Databases of equipment and materials include thousands of items. In addition to the catalogs available in the program, the designer can independently create bases of air distributors and elements of ventilation systems or connect catalogs of air distributors from third-party manufacturers.

Intersection control

The collision control function helps the designer avoid costly design errors at all stages of the project and when coordinating the project with subcontractors.

Collision control allows you to control intersections between elements of a 3D model - elements of ventilation systems, intersections of air ducts and building envelopes created in AutoCAD Architecture (walls, windows, doors, floors, roofs, etc.), intersections with existing drawing with solids, intersections between all engineering systems of the building (ventilation, heating, plumbing, sewage and fire pipelines), as well as with AutoCAD MEP objects.

Interaction with AutoCAD

The program runs on AutoCAD 2004-2011, AutoCAD MEP (Autodesk Building Systems) 2007-2011, AutoCAD Architecture (Autodesk Architectural Desktop) specified versions, and AutoCAD Mechanical. The system requirements for installing CADvent are necessary and sufficient to install basic AutoCAD.

Standard AutoCAD editing functions - move, copy - are available for CADvent objects and do not affect their intelligence.

Interaction with the AutoCAD MEP program is implemented in a special program module available for all available configurations and allows you to import / export air ducts from the AutoCAD MEP program to CADvent for finalization, subsequent calculation and balancing of the system, drawing up specifications. When imported, AutoCAD MEP objects are automatically converted to CADvent objects, the objects have "handles" for moving, stretching, shrinking, etc.

Duct systems made in CADvent can be transferred to AutoCAD MEP in the same way, if necessary, modify, create cuts, specifications, etc.

Creation of working drawings

With the CADvent program you can create:

• plans on the mark;
• arbitrary sections;
• incisions.

A tinted isometric image of ventilation systems obtained using standard AutoCAD can be an excellent addition to working drawings and sometimes completely satisfies the customer.

An isometric view designer can easily build axonometry, create the necessary fragments and views.

The labeling of elements in the CADvent program is performed using labeling templates or text labels, which borrow the necessary data from the calculated model. Information is added to the drawing either at once for all objects of the same type with one click in accordance with the labeling settings, or in stages - element by element, at the request of the designer. The labeling is associative - when the characteristics of an element change (such as dimensions, cross section, air flow, pressure loss), the text label in the drawing is updated automatically, so there is no need to relabel the elements. The associativity of text labels not only saves the designer time, but also prevents incorrect information from appearing on the drawing.

Creation of working documentation

The CADvent program allows you to automatically create bills of materials and equipment, system calculation sheets almost with the click of a single button. The principle of drawing up a specification based on an existing 3D model is simple - everything that is on the drawing is automatically entered into the specification. At the same time, the possibility of data loss is minimized, the possibility of forgetting any element or miscalculating when determining the length of an air duct or pipeline is eliminated.

At the same time, the designer always has the opportunity to create a specification for a part of the ventilation system - for example, for a floor plan or a specific system, a specification for selected elements. All spreadsheet documents can be transferred to MS Excel or saved as PDF.

Visualization

If you need to create presentation views of systems at any stage of design for a visual presentation of the project to the customer or potential customers, you can use the visualization function built into the program.

The program makes it possible to create a perspective view of systems with the task of elevation, point and direction of view. The perspective view can also be supplemented with the necessary inscription and clarifying notes.

Additional utility programs

In addition to the CADvent functionality, the designer can use special programs that allow simulating the indoor climate (TEKNOsim), selecting diffusers taking into account the requirements for air velocity in the working area and noise (DIMcomfort), selecting and arranging silencers (DIMsilencer).

DIMsilencer program

DIMsilencer allows you to match round, rectangular and corner silencers. There are several silencer options available:

• according to the required sound power Lwa dB(A) after the silencer;
• according to the required noise level by frequency (Hz) after the silencer;
• for noise reduction;
• by its own noise generation.

As a result of the calculation, the user sees all the parameters: noise before the silencer, noise generation by the silencer itself, noise reduction, noise after the silencer, noise by octaves, as well as the technical characteristics of the selected silencer.

DIMcomfort program

DIMcomfort allows you to select air-distributing devices - diffusers, grilles, taking into account the air speed in the working area and noise. After specifying the type and geometry of the room, the amount of air (or the frequency of air exchange) and the temperature of the supplied air, the program automatically generates a three-dimensional model of the room. Selected air distributors are placed in the room. The designer can see how the required noise level in the room is maintained, the air speed in the working area, how the air flow from the air diffusers is distributed, and how the position of the air diffuser affects all these parameters.

The selected air terminals can be exported to the CADvent software with data on flow, pressure loss and noise saved.

The DIMcomfort and DIMsilencer programs are shareware and can be used independently of the CADvent program, in a separate installation, or in conjunction with CADvent. The programs are integrated into the CADvent interface, which allows you to instantly and losslessly carry out the necessary data exchange.

Detailed information on the CADvent program can be obtained on the website of the Russian representative office of the Lindab concern www.lindab.ru or by contacting the CADvent technical support service.

High-quality ventilation in the bathroom will help protect the newly renovated bathroom from mold and high humidity. Proper ventilation in the bathroom prevents the formation of condensate from hot steam, which serves as an excellent medium for the spread of fungi. Over time, mold and mildew become increasingly difficult to remove from the surface of walls and furniture.

Ventilation in living quarters

In rooms with increased accumulation of humidity, natural or forced ventilation can be organized, sometimes both are used at the same time for greater effect. Each of them has its own characteristic features.

Forced exhaust in the bathroom

Unlike natural ventilation, this option requires a more serious approach to installation. He successfully copes with the problem of eliminating condensate. Forced ventilation is chosen if the existing hood does not cope with its functions. Checking its operation is simple, just bring a burning match to the ventilation duct. If the flame from it oscillates from side to side or tends upward, then everything is in order. In any other case, you need to do a forced ventilation project.

It is better to lay forced ventilation at the design stage of the house. But if it is needed in an apartment, then ventilation ducts are already provided there.

Ventilation in a bathroom in a wooden house is needed not only to improve the climate in wet rooms, but also to protect the walls from decay, because over time, logs can deteriorate and collapse when moisture accumulates.

Before you make ventilation in the bathroom, you need to choose an exhaust fan. At the same time, attention should be paid to the following settings:

• Unit power

This indicator is selected depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

• Device noise level

When turned on, some fans are very noisy, ideally their sound level should not exceed 30 dB.

• Device type

Models of ventilating devices on ball bearings last longer.

There are three types of fans:

1. With a timer.

They work for a certain amount of time, usually no more than half an hour.

1. Combined models with a light switch.

As soon as a person enters the bathroom, the device immediately turns on, but sometimes the time spent by the visitor is not enough for the air to be completely cleared.

1. independent models.

They are not tied to other electrical appliances in the bathroom or toilet, but work according to the established mode.

On a note: The fan in the ventilation in the bathroom must be installed away from electrical appliances, and the electrical wires leading to it must be insulated with high quality.

Installation of ventilation in the bathroom with a ventilating device is carried out in several stages:

• Selecting a suitable location for the fan. Such that he could distill as much of the air as possible through himself.
• Installation of the device on the exhaust shaft, on the roof.
• It is possible to install an extractor hood with a valve in the bathroom window.
• To improve the effect of the fan will help heated towel rails or radiators.
• A check valve must be installed in front of the fan, which would prevent the penetration of air from the outside.
• All air ducts and individual sections of pipes are connected using silicone sealant. Installation of ventilation in the bathroom begins with fixing the central channel, and then installing tees and bends in it.
• After fastening all additional channels, install a check valve on each of them to prevent air from moving from one room to another.

Natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

This option is cheaper than the previous one, it can be easily used for different types of housing. When it is installed, the movement of air masses occurs through specially made vertical channels. Such ventilation can be done in the bathroom with your own hands, it is effective even in wooden houses.

A window in the bathroom is another reason to think about natural ventilation.

Installation of natural exhaust in the bathroom begins with the basement. In the foundation of the house, special holes should be laid or windows for ventilation should be provided. Channels for the movement of air inside the building are laid directly in the walls of the building. Sometimes ventilation is carried out in the ceiling in the bathroom, and then goes to the attic.

Answer the question of how to make a hood in the bathroom in a private house and apartment will help the following tips:

• The air duct must run in a vertical plane.
• If you want to combine the hood for the bathroom and the toilet, then according to the project they should be close to each other. It is better if they are located on the same floor.
• The inside of the duct must be smooth so that nothing blocks the movement of air.

On a note: There are projects when the ventilation of a bathroom in a private house is combined with a kitchen, and from there it immediately goes out through a hole in the wall.

Bathroom ventilation connection diagrams

Among the varieties used today, four of the most popular are distinguished, differing from each other in the principle of action:

1. Exhaust circuit

It is often used for bathroom exhaust through the toilet in apartment buildings. The operation of such a scheme is based on the removal of exhaust air through an outlet.

1. Supply and exhaust option

Here, clean air is supplied through a door or window, and the same amount of exhaust air masses go through the vent directly into the ventilation shaft. When arranging such a hood in the bathroom with your own hands, you need to be prepared to prevent the occurrence of drafts in the room.

1. Forced supply and exhaust scheme

This is an effective option for providing ventilation in the bathroom, with it you can adjust the rate and speed of exhaust air removal. After choosing this design, you can not worry about humidity and musty odors. The fan built into the circuit can always adjust the optimal microclimate of the room in time.

1. Exhaust forced ventilation option

It is associated with a lot of noise, but it quickly removes unpleasant odors from the building. It is used when the question arises of how to make general ventilation for the bathroom and toilet. The effectiveness of this option is several times higher than that of a natural extract.

On a note: It will be difficult for a beginner to create proper ventilation in the bathroom without the participation of specialists.

Photo gallery

Those who are thinking about how to properly and effectively extract the hood in the bathroom should consider the photos below. Surely one of these options will help you make the right choice.

Such work, of course, is a very important point in the construction process, which includes the selection of the necessary equipment, as well as determining the design and parameters of ventilation units. Such complex engineering work must be carried out by professional specialists who have the necessary software.

You can calculate ventilation in a regular Excel.

The Vent-Calc program is designed for calculation and design of ventilation systems. This software allows you to select the air duct in accordance with the specified conditions (temperature, flow and allowable air speed). The basis of Vent-Calc is the method of hydraulic calculation of air ducts using the Altshul formulas:

1. Hydraulic calculation of the duct.
2. In accordance with the formulas VSN 353-86 - calculation and selection of elements of the ventilation system (bends, branches, narrowing and expansion of the channel).
3. Calculation of the natural ventilation system, that is, the selection of sections of the ventilation duct in such a way that the draft in the duct is higher than the resistance at the specified air flow.
4. Calculation of the thermal power of the air heater (air heater).

Due to the fact that the program works with the results of formulas, and not fixed calculated values ​​\u200b\u200band tables, the results obtained can sometimes differ slightly from the tabular ones.

Working window of the Vent-Calc program

CADvent program

CADvent is a ventilation calculation program based on AutoCAD with a complete set of tools for drawing, modeling and presenting HVAC systems. It belongs to the category of engineering tools for professional designers who develop ventilation, heating and air conditioning systems.

This software allows:

1. Easily and quickly create projects in 3D and 2D graphics.
2. Improve project visualization performance by quickly responding to various errors.
3. Correct the technical data of products used in the project.
4. Calculate air, pressure, leaks and noise.
5. Use visualization and presentation tools that help to present the project in the most realistic way.
6. Use calculations of noise characteristics and pressure levels, which are displayed in reports that are easily exported to an Excel file.

.dwg format

Ventilation systems. working draft

Building №1

Supply and exhaust general exchange and local exhaust ventilation with mechanical stimulation is designed in the building.

Air exchange in the premises is determined for the assimilation of heat excess from:

Equipment

Solar radiation and local exhaust compensation.

In areas with air conditioning, outside air is supplied in the amount of the sanitary standard for the worker.

To maintain optimal parameters of the internal air in the areas of adjustment, processing of parts on CNC machines, an air conditioning system based on split systems and steam humidification of the supply air during the cold period are provided.

Indoor units of wall and ceiling types and outdoor units installed on facades are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with thermal insulation made of foamed rubber.

Separate supply ventilation systems of the production building are provided for:

Section for processing parts on CNC machines
- setting sections of category B3.

The supply systems equipment is located in separate ventilation chambers. The bottom of the holes for receiving devices is located at a height of more than 1 m from the level of stability of the snow cover. Determined according to the data of hydrometeorological stations or calculation, but not lower than 2 m from the ground level.

Air exchange in the surface mounting area, cleanliness class 8 ISO, designed for:

-supply of sanitary standards of outdoor air for people;

Air exchanges in clean rooms should not be less than those required for the production of microelectronics in accordance with Table. B2 GOST R ISO 14644-4-2002:

For cleanliness class 8 ISO, at least 10 m3 of supplied air per 1 m2 of room area per hour.

Supply air is supplied by a separate system located in the ventilation chamber. The intake of outside air is carried out from the mark of 16.700m.

To maintain the required microclimate parameters, the supply air is heated and humidified during the cold period, cooled and dried during the warm period.

Supply air is processed in central air conditioners, consisting of:

- air filter class F6;
- water heater;

- class F9 air filter;

The coolant is ozone-safe freon supplied to the air cooler through copper tubes with effective thermal insulation of the K-FLEX type.

The supply air is supplied to the clean rooms in the amount providing for:

Supply air from the central air conditioner enters the room through air distributors with H11 filters built into the ceiling.

Building №2

General exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided for the premises of complex workplaces. Ventilation equipment with a capacity of less than 5000 cubic meters per hour is installed in the false ceiling of the corridor, the installation of the necessary fire dampers is provided. Outside air is supplied in the amount of sanitary standards for the worker.

To maintain optimal parameters of indoor air in the areas, an air conditioning system based on split systems is provided.

The wall-mounted indoor units and the outdoor units installed on the facades are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with thermal insulation made of foamed rubber.

Of people
-equipment
-solar radiation
- supply air

Building №5

For the halls of climatic and dynamic tests, general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided.

Air exchange in the premises is determined for the assimilation of heat emissions from:

Of people
-equipment
-solar radiation

Ventilation equipment is installed in the ventilation chamber. The supply air to the premises is supplied to the working area, the exhaust air is removed from the upper area through wall grilles, equipped with built-in valves for regulating the air flow and direction of the air jet.

The bottom of the openings for receiving devices is located at a height of more than 1 m from the snow cover stability level, determined according to the data of hydrometeorological stations or by calculation, but not lower than 2 m from the ground level.

The observation cabin is provided with split system air conditioning.

Building №9

Air exchange in areas of cleanliness class 8 ISO, designed for:

Assimilation of excess heat from technological equipment, people, solar radiation;
-compensation of local exhaust;
-supply of sanitary standards of outdoor air for people; Air exchanges in clean rooms should not be less than those required for the production of microelectronics in accordance with Table. B2 GOST R ISO 14644-4-2002: - for cleanliness class 8 ISO, at least 10 m3 of supplied air per 1 m2 of room area per hour. Supply air is supplied by a separate system located in the ventilation chamber. The intake of outside air is carried out from the mark of 16.700m. To maintain the required microclimate parameters, the supply air is heated and humidified during the cold period, cooled and dried during the warm period.

The supply air is processed in a central air conditioner, consisting of:

Receiving unit with air valve;
- air filter class F6;
- water heater;
- freon air cooler with a separator and a condensate collection tray;
- electric air heater of the second heating;
- fan block with reserve section;
- class F9 air filter;
-electric humidifier with built-in steam generator;

The cooling source is a condensing unit installed on the roof of the building.

The refrigerant is ozone-safe freon supplied to the air cooler through copper pipes with effective thermal insulation of the K-FLEX type.

The supply air is supplied to clean rooms in the volume providing for:

Compensation for local exhaust ventilation
- sanitary standard for workers
-compensation for air escaping through door gaps
- creating a pressure drop between the clean rooms and the corridor from 5 to 20 Pa.

The supply air from the central air conditioner enters the room through air distributors with H11 filters built into the false ceiling.

The hood is carried out from the lower zone through the wall grates.

To set and maintain a pressure difference between the premises and the corridor, air flow regulators are used on the supply and exhaust air ducts of ventilation systems. Excess air flows into the corridors through slots in doorways and adjustable grilles installed at the bottom of the rooms.

The control of pressure drops is carried out visually with the help of differential pressure gauges. Local exhaust ventilation systems are provided from process equipment emitting harmful substances.

Reserve fans are provided for exhaust systems with hazardous substances of hazard class 1 and 2.

Air ducts of local exhaust ventilation systems passing openly through clean rooms are made of polished stainless steel.

The air of the local exhaust ventilation system from the technological equipment of the sites is thrown out vertically upwards, at a height of 2 meters from the roof mark.

To ensure the optimal parameters of indoor air during the warm period, the technological office and the service office are provided with air conditioning based on split systems. The wall-mounted indoor units and the outdoor units installed on the facades are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with thermal insulation made of foamed rubber.

Building №11

General exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided for laboratory premises. Outside air is supplied in the volume of sanitary norms per worker. To maintain optimal parameters of indoor air in the laboratories, an air conditioning system based on split systems is provided.

Ceiling-type indoor units and facade-mounted outdoor units are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with foamed rubber thermal insulation.

The cooling capacity of the systems is designed to assimilate heat surpluses from:

Of people
-equipment
-solar radiation
- supply air

Ventilation equipment is installed in ventilation chambers on the technical floor. The air of the local exhaust ventilation system from the technological equipment of the sites is thrown out vertically upwards, at a height of 2 meters from the roof mark.

The supply air to the premises is supplied to the working area, the exhaust air is removed from the upper area through wall grilles, equipped with built-in valves for regulating the air flow and direction of the air jet.

The supply air for each building is processed in the supply units, which are located in the ventilation chambers. Air handling units are configured:

Receiving block with air valve;
- EU4 class filter
- water heating heat exchanger
- supply fan

Supply air temperature control during the cold season is carried out by an automation system based on pump mixing. Automation is provided to regulate the parameters of indoor air, to protect heaters from freezing.

Connection of heat exchangers to the heat supply system is provided with the help of two-way valves with the installation of circulation pumps. The piping of the heat exchangers is provided with the necessary air and drain valves, shut-off valves, and measuring instruments.

Air ducts of ventilation systems are made of thin-sheet galvanized steel according to GOST 14918-80*.

Air exchanges in all rooms are given in the tables:

Data on local suctions in tables 1.
Air volumes by hazards in table 2.
The volume of air in industrial premises in table 3.

Building number 6. Boiler room

General exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided in the GPU room.

Air exchange is determined for the assimilation of heat releases from:

Equipment
-solar radiation

Extraction is provided from the upper zone by two roof fans. The inflow is carried out through an air insulated valve with a manual drive of the GERMIK-P type.

The bottom of the holes for the receiving device is located at a height of more than 1 m from the level of snow cover stability, determined according to the data of hydrometeorological stations or by calculation, but not lower than 2 m from the ground level.

Information about heat loads on ventilation

Building №1 119600W
Case №2 5000W
Case №5 94000W
Case #9 95400W
Case №11 56500W

Noise protection

Fan units of supply systems are installed in ventilation chambers on vibration-proof bases in separate blocks with sound-absorbing insulation. Radial ventilation units are connected to air ducts through flexible connectors.

The speed of movement of water in pipelines, air in air ducts and in air distributors does not exceed the recommended values ​​in terms of acoustic indicators.