A sealed storage septic tank or cesspool is one of the simplest and most available species local sewerage. However, this type of treatment plant, along with undeniable advantages has one, and very significant, minus.
The need to regularly pump out the accumulated wastewater hits the owner hard enough. Using the sewerage of a country house once a week for several summer months will not make a big hole in the family budget.
Another thing is a full-fledged country house, designed for a family of 3-5 people, laundry and daily bathing require a radically different approach to organizing local sewage.
The topic of today's article is septic tanks without pumping, which do not require regular maintenance. Basic principle of operation, the most common models well-known manufacturers and types of septic tanks "from improvised materials" - here summary our conversation.
Composition of household Wastewater surprisingly varied. Fat, detergents, solid organic inclusions, dust, earth and sand - all this enters the receiving chamber of any septic tank, regardless of design.
It also undergoes the process of primary treatment and clarification of wastewater by gravity sedimentation. Large and heavy organic inclusions, sand and earth settle to the bottom, a fatty film and small debris float to the surface, forming the so-called "biological crust".
The layer of precipitated organic matter is exposed to colonies of anaerobic microorganisms, which transform complex organic matter into simple soluble compounds and harmless sludge.
Water purified in this way is poured into a bioreactor, where aerobic bacteria take over the work, or into a chamber without a bottom, which discharges effluents into natural filtration fields. But these are already particulars, depending mainly on the design and principle of operation of the treatment plant.
Photo: septic tanks without pumping We are also interested in the silt remaining at the bottom of the first chamber - the sump, because it is it that must be periodically removed from the volume of the septic tank. Excessive silting leads to the ingress of semi-decomposed organic matter into subsequent sections and chambers of the septic tank, which leads to a deterioration in efficiency, and, as a systematic end, breakage.
The conclusion is clear - any septic tank needs to be cleaned. Another thing is that the interval between commissioning and the first arrival of a sewage truck can be 10-15 years.
Factory septic tanks without pumping
Topas, Topol and Tver are the most common models of this type of engineering structures. All of them are local treatment plants operating on the principle of biological decomposition of organic matter.
Photo: septic tank Topas septic tank Poplar Schematically, such septic tanks consist of a receiving chamber, or primary treatment chamber, a chamber for preliminary biological decomposition of organic matter, aeration chambers and a bioreactor, where the main purification stage takes place.
Optionally, it is possible to equip the treatment plants with lime filling, the main role of which is to bind fluoride compounds. The degree of treatment of wastewater that has passed through such facilities reaches 98-99%.
Guided by the norms of SNiP, these waters do not require additional post-treatment in filtration fields and can be discharged into terrain folds or nearby natural reservoirs.
However, local treatment plants of this type require regular Maintenance, which consists in replacing the spent biological and lime backfill, cleaning filters, removing accumulated sludge. The frequency of maintenance is from six months to a year.
Photo: factory septic tanks without pumping Do-it-yourself local treatment facilities
Without pumping, from eminent domestic manufacturers, do not suit most owners suburban areas due enough high price and depending on the availability of electricity.
Photo: local treatment facilities After spending a week of time, any "handy" master can build a local treatment plant using the instructions below.
Two-chamber - the most common among owners summer cottages engineering building. It is a storage chamber, the working volume of which must be at least three times the daily discharge of water, and the day with maximum water consumption should be taken for calculation.
Photo: two-chamber septic tank without pumping The chamber is a sealed container, in which, at a height of 2/3 from the bottom, an overflow is organized into a second, non-hermetic chamber, the role of the bottom in which is played by a filter layer consisting of sand and fine gravel.
It can be the natural soil of the site, or it can be bulk. An important note - the volume of the leaky chamber in the working volume of the septic tank is not included in the calculations.
Partially purified by the method of gravity settling in the first chamber, sewage through the overflow enters the leaky chamber. From it, passing through the filter layer, which plays the role of the bottom, the plums are cleaned in the surrounding soil.
Where to place correctly
When arranging a local wastewater treatment plant, it is necessary to accurately determine its location.
One of the main conditions is the direction of the flow ground water Location on. The septic tank must be located downstream of a well, well, or any other source. drinking water.
Important! The distance to the source must be at least 25 meters. Otherwise, there is a high probability of contamination of drinking water with toxic organic compounds contained in wastewater.
The septic tank should be located no closer than 20 meters from the foundation of the house, garage or other outbuildings. This requirement is due to the constant infiltration of water into the soil surrounding the second, leaky chamber.
Photo: location High humidity and movement of groundwater can lead to undermining of the foundation of buildings.
The local treatment plant should be located at least 50 meters from open natural reservoirs. This measure prevents the ingress of wastewater with a low degree of purification into natural water bodies.
What materials is it made from
Almost all improvised materials are suitable for the construction of a do-it-yourself cleaning station. A septic tank made of concrete rings, as the name implies, uses reinforced concrete structures as well walls, there are also options from car tires, old iron or plastic barrels.
Photo: septic tank without pumping out of concrete rings One of the most popular designs is a concrete pit. So, the list of necessary materials:
- concrete mortar for building walls or a concrete base cushion (for septic tanks made of concrete rings and car tires);
- reinforced concrete rings, tires, barrels or other material for the walls of the well;
- asbestos, PVC or metal pipes for overflow, ventilation and pumping. Someday she will come in handy;
- PVC pipes with a diameter of 100 mm for a water conduit from the house to the septic tank;
- construction sealing mixtures (used to seal seams and joints between reinforced concrete rings);
- fine gravel and clean river sand for the filtration layer of the second, non-hermetic, chamber
Service
Like any engineering structure, local treatment plants require regular technical inspection.
Factory models, such as the Tver septic tank, and the like, need regular replacement of limestone, gravel or other bases for colonies of aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms, removal of decay products of organic compounds, sand, dust and dirt.
Photo: service Also, during maintenance, an inspection of the compressors responsible for the forced aeration of drains and the operation of airlifts is carried out.
DIY septic tanks are much less demanding. They are non-volatile, the flow, overflow and removal of treated wastewater occurs by gravity.
The only parameter that requires periodic monitoring is the level of sludge and inorganic debris in the first settling chamber. When a critical level is reached - flush with the lower edge of the overflow pipe, it is necessary to think about pumping.
Once in the second, leaky chamber, the sludge will mix with the material of the filter layer and significantly reduce the efficiency of the structure. The measurement is made with a stick, pipe or meter rod.
pumping out
The settling chamber can be cleaned either through a separately mounted pumping pipe or through technological ventilation openings.
In the first case, the lower section of the pipe is located at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the bottom and is equipped with an additional hole for vacuum release.
Photo: pumping out a septic tank When pumping sludge through the ventilation holes, an additional nozzle is used that fits tightly into the main pipe. As a rule, nozzles are made of PVC or plastic.
For convenience of work, the pipe through which pumping is carried out can be equipped with a standard euro adapter for connecting the pump hose.
Hose length
As a rule, the power of pumping units installed on sewage trucks is very limited. It is enough to lift solid waste from a depth of no more than 2.5 meters.
Therefore, the depth of the septic tank sump chamber and the length of the hose are limited by this parameter.
Photo: two-chamber septic tank Pump for pumping
Since the waste being pumped out contains solids, sometimes quite large, the standard drainage pump not suitable for cleaning the sump chamber. It is necessary to use special equipment - fecal pumps.
They are equipped with cutting blades that grind particles up to 80 mm in size. True, this parameter is highly dependent on the pump model. The ideal option for pumping out the septic tank is a portable surface fecal pump.
The low price and mobility of the device will allow it to be used to service several local treatment stations.
Photo: pump installation diagram Pumping machine
The easiest option is a vacuum cleaner on the chassis trucks GAS. Equipped with waste container and fecal or vacuum pump. Widespread in rural areas.
A modern sewer station is a much more serious unit. In addition to simple pumping, such a car flushes and disinfects all internal surfaces of the septic tank.
The flushing water is located in the waste storage tank, the outlet is pressurized by an internal movable baffle. As a rule, it is assembled on the chassis of foreign-made trucks.
Photo: sewer truck Price
It should be understood that there is no unambiguous and fixed price. The cost of services is influenced by such factors as the remoteness of the facility from the location of the equipment, the complexity of the entrance and the volume of waste pumped out. On average, the price is from 2000 to 3000 rubles.
Video: construction
It should be made clear from the very beginning: to make a septic tank for a summer residence without pumping out with your own hands is a kind of convention. Even with the most careful approach to the design and implementation of the project, the resulting structure will require monitoring of the state and correction of work, and pumping out will still be needed, although its frequency will be approximately 10-15 years. It is thanks to such a rare need to use the services of a sewage machine that treatment facilities of this type and got their name.
There are many ways to make a septic tank without pumping out with your own hands. They differ in the materials from which the containers are made, the need for the use of electrical equipment, performance and the number of series-connected chambers. At the same time in in general terms the principle of operation is preserved in all these structures.
Pollution particles settle to the bottom of the tanks during settling, and aerobic or anaerobic (needing or not needing an influx of oxygen for their vital activity) bacteria turn complex sediment into neutral non-toxic sludge. Water is purified in several stages. In each of the tanks connected in series, smaller particles are deposited than in the previous one. Clarified water flows into the next container. In the last tank, it drains into the ground or leaves it to the filtration fields.
Note: Three-chamber septic tanks are considered the most effective for giving without pumping, although two-chamber options are often used.
From the point of view of the principle of operation, two types of structures should be distinguished:
- Volatile septic tanks are equipped with a compressor to supply air needed by aerobic bacteria, and, in some cases, a fan for more efficient removal gases formed as a result of vital activity of microflora.
- Non-volatile septic tanks without pumping out work without any additional equipment.
The advantage of a septic tank for giving without electricity is the ease of execution and the absence additional costs for operation, however volatile septic tanks work more efficiently. They purify drains more efficiently (up to 98%), and it is much less necessary to think about how to clean a septic tank without pumping out such a design.
Materials for manufacturing
A do-it-yourself septic tank without pumping and smell can be built from available materials, however, when choosing, their characteristics, design and installation features should be taken into account. We list the most common options.
1. Placed on top of each other provide the required durability and strength. The advantage of this option is the rigidity of the structure, which is not subject to compression by the soil when the soil freezes.
The disadvantages include the complexity of installation, the need to use special equipment (lifting devices for transporting and installing heavy elements), as well as the need for external and internal waterproofing not only of the joints, but of the entire surface of the tanks.
2. Mounting country septic tanks without pumping out old car tires performed in a similar way - the elements are installed on top of each other using a suitable fixing compound and mandatory sealing of the joints. The advantage of such septic tanks is the ease of transportation and installation of elements with a small mass, no need for waterproofing the walls of the chambers, and low cost.
However, for big family tires will be required large diameter or a significant height of the container to provide the required volume (triple daily rate water consumption). The plasticity of the walls can cause a violation of the tightness of the septic tank after the soil freezes. Squeezed tires will restore their shape, but the integrity of the joints may be compromised. The service life of such septic tanks is short and their use is justified only with small amounts of wastewater.
3. eurocubes, which appeared on the domestic market, have become incredibly popular. Their low cost, durability, water resistance and large capacity with compact dimensions allow the use of such products for a variety of purposes. It is quite realistic to make yourself non-volatile septic tanks from eurocubes for giving without pumping.
Installation of a septic tank in this case has its own characteristics. Eurocube has a very low dead weight, which makes it easy to transport the material and install containers in the pit, but it can create some problems during operation. For example, during a flood or when groundwater is found to the surface and when the tanks are slightly full, the septic tank can “float”.
You can avoid this unpleasant situation by fixing the Eurocube on a heavy base. As the latter, concrete or reinforced concrete slabs can be used, and fastening is easiest to do with the help of a kind of clamps. This method will ensure a reliable connection without damaging the integrity of the eurocube.
4. Without electricity and pumping is not only one of the most economical and durable options. Unlike its counterpart from the rings, it does not require the use of special equipment. It is enough to deliver building materials to the site, the rest can be done manually or using household power tools. A feature of the construction of a monolithic septic tank without pumping is having one total capacity , which is divided into two or three parts to organize several stages of purification.
It will take more time to complete the work than for other structures, since pouring concrete mortar bottom and wall formwork is carried out in stages with a time delay for the next poured block to harden. For a two-cube monolithic septic tank with one partition (two-stage cleaning), approximately 400 kg of Portland cement will be required. Optimal technical specifications the container will have it if, when mixing the solution, a plasticizer is added to it (it will take about 5 liters for such an amount of dry building mix).
5. Brick walls also require waterproofing. In addition, when building septic tanks from this material, it is better to build rectangular containers. This septic tank without pumping for home or suburban area not very popular except when using the remnants of the material after the construction of other structures.
General principles of construction and choice of septic tank option
There are general principles for the construction of septic tanks that are valid for structures made of any materials.
Septic maintenance and supervision
Treatment plants of this type require certain control behind your work. To prevent overflow of a septic tank, level sensors are often installed. Similar equipment may be required when using suction pumps to prevent air entrapment.
With periodic residence in the country and the resulting interruptions in operation, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the septic tank may die. You can restore the operation of such a structure by adding a culture purchased at a specialized store through the sewer.
One of the reasons for the deterioration of the operation of a volatile septic tank with aerobic bacteria may be insufficiently intense air flow. It's best if installed compressor will have the ability to control performance to be able to select the optimal mode.
If there is no desire to build a septic tank without pumping out on your own, you can purchase ready-made factory models. The principle of biological decomposition of organic matter is used in septic tanks deep cleaning Tver, Poplar and Topas.
You can also watch a video on the topic of our article, in which you will find a diagram and tips for self-organizing a septic tank.
Hi all! Marat Nauruzbaev is in touch with you. Today the article is not on computer theme, and a household question from personal life. In this article I will tell you how to build a septic tank with your own hands without pumping out for 10 years for a house and a summer residence. I will tell you how to properly build a septic tank with a filtration well made of concrete rings, with high groundwater and how I built it, what materials I used for construction, I will calculate the cost, show the septic tank in a 3D view and show the construction process in photos and videos.
A septic tank (sump) is designed to collect and treat domestic wastewater from individual residential buildings, low-rise buildings, cottages in the absence of a central sewerage system. The work of the septic tank is based on the principle of gravitational settling and biological post-treatment using bioenzymatic preparations ... Link to Wikipedia.
Who lives in the private sector, the issue of draining sewage is the most acute. Someone is digging a simple drain hole, someone digs in concrete rings and it turns out a drain well (most of them are), and someone builds a septic tank with their own hands from concrete rings ( best option) as I did.
In general, initially I wanted to make a septic tank for the house. permanent residence completely monolithic of reinforced concrete. This is the best stand-alone version of a septic tank, although labor-intensive. Why is it the best, because it is the maximum in terms of the area of waste drainage into the ground. I have already made all the calculations for the quantity and price of materials, drew drawings and a 3D sketch of this septic tank, and then, due to lack of time to build it, I decided to make a septic tank from concrete rings 🙂
Who is interested in the option of a monolithic concrete septic tank, below I will give you a ready-made excel file calculation of materials for a septic tank.
There are other options for purchased septic tanks or autonomous sewers, but we do not consider this option in the article, since they are much more expensive and require electricity and regular maintenance.
I made a single-chamber septic tank with a filter well and an additional filter cassette from cast iron bath.
In general, there is nothing difficult to build a septic tank from concrete rings. In general terms, the construction of a septic tank consists of these parts:
Calculation of the volume of a septic tank
In general, I didn’t go into the theoretical part of the septic tank calculation much, I read only some articles by A. Ratnikov, a specialist in the disposal of liquid waste and water supply to country cottages.
According to the rules the volume of the septic tank should be equal to three times the daily inflow of wastewater. During this period, the bacteria must process given volume sewage.
The daily norm for one person is 200 liters.. From these figures, the entire calculation of the volume of the septic tank is made.
Those. if you have family of 4, calculation of the volume of the septic tank: 4 * 200 * 3 \u003d 2400 liters (2.4 m 3).
Therefore, when using, for example, well rings (Ks 15-9) (diameter - 1.5 m, volume - 1.59 m 3), you when building a single-chamber septic tank, you will need two such rings. Keep in mind that the volume of the rings is “dirty”, that is, you will not be able to fully use the volume of the upper ring, since it will not be completely filled with drains.
Much still depends on the filtering capacity of your soil and the level of groundwater. Septic tanks for summer cottages with a high groundwater level (UGW) should preferably be built at a shallow depth and should have a shallow filter well, preferably to the surface of the groundwater.
If the soil is mainly made of clay, it is necessary to increase the area of the filtration well several times, because. clay does not filter water very well.
Working depth of the septic tank, equal to the distance from the level of wastewater in the septic tank to its bottom, must be at least 1.2 m, width 0.75 m (or 1 m in diameter - for round septic tanks). The greatest working depth of sewage in a septic tank should not exceed 2.5 m.
So, for a family of four, a septic tank with a volume of at least 2.4 m 3+ a filtration well (FC), with a volume and area sufficient for your type of soil + preferably a filtration cassette for a “volley” discharge of wastewater (for example, after draining a bath) or if the FC will not cope with the filtration of wastewater.
Digging a pit for a septic tank
After you have decided on the volume of the septic tank and the filtration well, as well as the number of chambers in the septic tank, you need to dig a pit (pit) for it. The fastest way to do this is with an excavator, and with a low groundwater level, this is the only digging option, since digging manually with a shovel in the mud is not very easy 🙂.
In order to save money, I decided to make a single-chamber septic tank with a filtration well and a filtration cassette (infiltrator).
The septic tank will consist of two reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a height of 90 cm, set on top of each other. The lower ring of the septic tank should be with a bottom, so it is more correct from the point of view of ecology and sanitary and epidemiological checks. I made it without a bottom, because I wanted to increase the filtration capacity and its efficiency in general 🙂 .
The filtration well (FC) will also be made of two reinforced concrete rings, but without a bottom, since there will already be settled drains (cleaner) from the septic tank. In the FC, wastewater will be filtered into the ground.
I made a filtration cassette (infiltrator) from an inverted cast-iron bath. It is intended for additional filtration drains, if the FC starts to fail to cope with drains or for a “volley” discharge of drains. You can make a filtration cassette out of two or even three tubs or other containers that can withstand a lot of soil under them and not collapse for a long time.
So, the size of the pit should be under approximate size septic tank + FC + infiltrator. My pit size was 400 cm long, 200 cm wide and 200 cm deep
Nearby, I dug another hole for a filtration cassette 200 cm long, 100 cm wide and 100 cm deep. All sizes are approximate and naturally “dance” while digging with an excavator 🙂
Since my groundwater level (GWL) is high (about 1.5 meters), the dug pit immediately began to fill with groundwater! It was necessary to fill the bottom of the pit with crushed stone as soon as possible for drainage and better filtration of wastewater.
Backfilling the pit with rubble
So that the bottom of the filtration well (FC) does not silt up as long as possible and for better drainage of wastewater, it is necessary to fill the bottom of the FC with crushed stone with a thickness of at least 20 cm. Crushed stone for drainage is needed large (fraction 40-70 mm).
Crushed stone must be poured to the bottom of the pit, to the place of the proposed installation of the FC. Since I have a septic tank without a bottom, I covered the rubble over the entire surface of the pit. The crushed stone had to be poured into a pit already flooded with groundwater, and leveled already in the water with a shovel.
I used the same crushed stone at the bottom of the pit for the filtration cassette.
Installation of concrete rings
Then we install concrete rings. I did not capture the installation process in the photo, as I was busy directing the reinforced concrete rings while lowering them into the pit with a manipulator.
I didn’t put the rings perfectly exactly on top of each other, but it’s okay, they will hold on 🙂
In general, it was necessary to seal the joints between the reinforced concrete rings, but I did not attach any importance to this and did not bother.
While the reinforced concrete rings were being installed, the pit began to crumble from the sides, as the soil got wet due to the rising level of groundwater. A certain amount fell into the well, I had to climb into the pit in boots and scatter wet soil around the corners of the pit. A certain amount of soil still remained on the rubble, which of course is not good.
Because entrance gate into my yard is narrow, a KAMAZ-manipulator (thief), who brought me reinforced concrete rings, barely squeezed into them and bent the pillars from these gates for me. The situation was aggravated by the fact that he could not pass under the gas pipe that runs over my gate, the end of his tap rested on the pipe. I had to dig in this place the soil by about 30 cm.
Moreover, the manipulator got stuck on this dug area and began to slip, and the driver was cursing (I noticed this from the malicious facial expressions of his face and the moving lips of J).
The driver had to swear 2 times, since the fourth reinforced concrete ring on the manipulator turned out to be above the level of the gas pipe and he had to unload one ring first outside the yard, and after installing three rings in the pit, return for it ...
In general, everything worked out, I mean gas pipe, but the gate will have to be repaired 🙂 .
So take into account the dimensions of the manipulator and tractor when working on the site!
Installing the filter cassette
To increase the drainage capacity of the septic tank and the filtration well in general, I additionally installed a filtration cassette in the form of an inverted cast-iron bath. Instead of a bath, you can use any other container that can withstand the mass of soil and does not corrode for a long time.
The filtration cassette should also be installed on a layer of coarse gravel, at least 20 cm high.
I inserted a coupling from a sewer pipe (50 mm) into the drain hole of the bath to install a ventilation pipe into it
I inserted a ventilation pipe into this coupling in the form of an ordinary sewer pipe (50 mm) 🙂 and fixed it with two self-tapping screws
I made the ventilation pipe from two halves, connecting them with a coupling, it’s like “fool protection”, if someone wants to pull out this pipe, it will come off at the junction of these two halves above the ground, and not underground, at the junction with the bathroom ... Yes, and it will be more convenient to check the level of drains in the bath through a short pipe, having previously separated them
It turned out such a ventilation pipe, according to the norms, it should be installed 70 cm above ground level
At the end of the bath, I cut a square hole with a grinder for inserting a sewer pipe into the bathroom (110 mm)
And I connected this pipe to the filtration well, having previously drilled a hole in the reinforced concrete ring of the filtration well
Inside the well, I put on a tee with an enlarged lower elbow on this pipe. A tee is used to take a lower layer of wastewater (to retain floating substances)
It turned out like this (without a ventilation pipe)
Sewer pipes
Now it remains to bring the sewer pipes from the house to the septic tank and connect the septic tank and the filtration well with a pipe.
To do this, we dig a trench, lay sewer pipes in it and connect them together.
As pipes, I used external sewage pipes (red) with a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 2 m. I tried to make the slope of the pipe according to the norms - 2 cm / meter.
The distance from the house to the septic tank I got decent - 16 meters
To use as much as possible effective volume septic tank, I laid a sewer pipe near the house at a depth of 5 cm underground (from the upper wall of the pipe). At the entrance to the septic tank, the depth of the pipe underground was 52 cm.
The hole for the inlet pipe to the septic tank was drilled with a perforator (with a drill for concrete) around the circumference, followed by knocking out the hole with a hammer
I connected a fan (ventilation) pipe to the beginning of the sewer pipe (near the house) and brought it to the roof of the house
Now the septic tank and the filtration well, together with the filtration cassette, will be ventilated with incoming air from the ventilation pipe on the filtration cassette (bath) to the fan pipe on the roof of the house.
I connected the outgoing pipes from the house through a tee (110 / 110x90) to the main pipe
At the beginning and in the middle of the pipe installed revisions
Since the section of the pipe passes under the entrance of the car at the gate, I dressed this section of the sewer pipe in an asbestos pipe
Now it remains to connect the well of the septic tank and the well of the filtration well with a pipe. To do this, I drilled holes in the reinforced concrete rings with a perforator and inserted a 110 mm pipe section into them, thereby connecting these two wells
In the well of the septic tank, I put a tee on the end of this pipe
On the other side of this pipe (in the filtration well), nothing needs to be put on the pipe
I drilled several small and two large holes in the walls of the filtration well in opposite sides wells for sewage drainage.
I inserted a piece of a sewer pipe (50 mm) into one of the large holes. I didn't put anything in the other hole. I don't know which of these holes will drain better...
you can drill through large quantity drainage holes in the filtration well or immediately purchase reinforced concrete rings with prepared holes.
On this, the main work on the construction of the septic tank was carried out. It remains to make a formwork for the revision pipe, dig in a pit and a trench, and make or purchase manhole covers.
Bonuses
Before building a septic tank, I studied this topic a little and talked on the forums. I sketched a drawing of a monolithic concrete septic tank with dimensions on paper. Then I decided to make it in three dimensions. Studied free program for interior design Sweet Home 3D” and made a 3D project of the septic tank, as well as in a two-dimensional view with dimensions. I also took a photo and video from this project, which you can see below.
Since in the program Sweet Home 3D» missing objects sewer pipes and concrete rings, I had to search for them on the Internet and then translate them into a format understandable to this program.
I also created an Excel file for the convenience of counting the materials used in the construction of a septic tank.
And all these developments I I give you a Like!
- Projects of a septic tank from concrete rings and a monolithic concrete septic tank in the Sweet Home 3D program, as well as their photos;
- Additional 3D objects in OBJ format (concrete rings, sewer pipes, bathtub);
- Excel file "Calculation of the cost of materials for a monolithic concrete septic tank with a filtration well";
- A. Ratnikov's book " Autonomous systems sewerage of cottages for dummies" in PDF-format (62 pages).
Download link hidden
Like
A modern septic tank without pumping out is an excellent alternative to a cesspool, which saves money and time on the maintenance of a treatment system. By installing a septic tank without pumping, the price of which is most affordable for any owner country house or cottages, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules and certain norms so that the operation of the system is reliable and durable.
To equip the most efficient septic tank without pumping, 10 years of operation without problems, it is necessary to correctly determine the volume of the system and take into account the amount of water consumed. To do this, take the average daily rate of water consumption per person - 200 liters. This value is multiplied by the number of all households, then tripled and another 20% is added. The result obtained is the volume of the future septic tank.
When determining the place where it is better to place a septic tank without pumping out, it must be borne in mind that it should be located no closer than 5 meters from the house. At the same time, there must be at least 30 meters to the source of drinking water. When installing a septic tank without pumping, the price of which is affordable, it is worth remembering that the farther it is from home, the greater its final cost. This is due to the increase in the pipeline and the need to equip additional wells for high-quality maintenance of an autonomous cleaning system.
Septic tank without pumping and smell.
There are several ways to equip a septic tank without pumping and smell:
1. From clinker brick. In this case, the shape of the chambers can be round or in the form of a rectangle. The outer walls of the septic tank are treated with waterproofing mastic, and the inner ones - cement mortar. The bottom of the first chambers is concreted, and in the last tank it is covered with a layer of gravel and sand for better departure excess liquid into the soil. The chambers are connected to each other with the help of special tees.
2. The septic tank without pumping and smell of concrete is a monolithic structure. The bottom of the first two chambers is poured with concrete, then the formwork is constructed and the walls of the containers are poured. Overflow tees are installed between the chambers. The surface of the chambers is also poured with concrete, but special holes are left for hatches. Pipes are installed at the bottom of the last chamber for more efficient drainage, and everything is covered with rubble.
3. Septic tank without pumping and odor using concrete rings. For its arrangement, special equipment is used, since the weight of the structure is quite large. Rings are installed sequentially and fixed to each other with reinforcement. Seams for tightness are smeared with a solution. In the first chambers, the bottom is poured with concrete, in the last tank it is covered with rubble.
4. Septic tank without pumping and odor from plastic containers. They make holes for sewer pipes and ventilation. Then they are connected with fittings and installed in the pit.
Whichever method you choose, a septic tank without pumping and smell must be carried out with special attention and responsibility, since the health of people and the state of the environment on the site depend on the reliability of the structure.
Creating a sewerage system on their own site, each owner tries to get the most unpretentious system. Ordinary storage septic tanks are not like that, as they require constant monitoring of the water level and ordering a sewer to remove wastewater. Help solve the problem modern septic tanks without pumping out, allowing you to forget about your existence for many months.
Manufacturer
- Aster
- Topas
- Tver
- Eurolos
- BioDeka
main parameters
Number of residents
Channel depth. pipes, m
High groundwater level
Soil type
Sand sand clay, quicksand loam (formwork installation required)
Emission of treated water from a septic tank
On the ground surface (on rails) on the ground surface (on rails) shallow ditch (less than a meter) deep ditch (1 meter or more) well
Plumbing fixtures
Bathroom (200 l)
Sink (30 l)
Jacuzzi (400 l)
Bidet (10 l)
Washing machine(50 l)
Dishwasher(50 l)
Toilet bowl (20 l)
Shower (70 l)
Total: 0
(volley discharge in liters)
Choice of additional services
Delivery from MKAD mileage, km
installation supervision
Installation supervision of the Astra 3 septic tank consists of following works:
- Monitoring compliance with all technological requirements when creating a pit by the Customer.
- Control of station unloading from electric transport.
- Control of the installation of the tank in the pit.
- Insertion and soldering inlet pipe into the septic tank.
- Station electrical connection.
- Connecting electrical equipment (compressors and pump).
- Commissioning.
- *sand and water are provided by the Customer.
Standard installation of a septic tank Astra 3 consists of the following works:
- Creation of a pit according to technological requirements.
- Unloading a septic tank from a vehicle.
- Electrical connection.
- Filling the station with sand.
- Start-up activities.
Standard turnkey installation
Standard turnkey installation consists of the following works:
- Delivery of structures within 50 km from the Moscow Ring Road.
- Construction of a pit (ground sand, clay, loam).
- Installation of the structure in the prepared trench.
- Laying of pipelines from 4 linear meters or less.
- The device of the electric cable in the HDPE pipe.
- Filling with sand and water (sand, water are provided by the Customer).
- Insertion of the supply pipe into the system body.
- Equipment connection and testing.
- Starting the device, checking its operating parameters.
Additional trunk
supply, m
(from house to septic tank)
outlet, m
(from the septic tank to the point of release)
Hole in the foundation
With a foundation thickness of 40 cm or more, diamond drilling
foundation thickness, cm
Installation drainage well diameter 100 cm.
Number of rings
Sand delivery
Machine up to 5 m3
Additional tie-in
For example, an insert for a second home
Entering the house
Soil disposal
Buy on credit
Date of planned installation, delivery day months year.
total cost: 0 rub.
Catalog of septic tanks
Number of conditional people: 6
Salvo Drop: 280
Processing volume, m3/day: 1.2
Add to Compare
Price:
RUB 86,020-15%
Turnkey price: See the estimate
Get free consultation
?The most popular septic tank according to the results of 3 months of sales, having only positive reviews buyers.
Number of conditional people: 4
Salvo drop: 175
Processing volume, m3/day: 0.8
Add to Compare
Price:
RUB 94,950-10%
Turnkey price: See the estimate
Get free consultation
Septic tank without pumping - what is it?
The autonomous sewer models on the market can be divided into storage systems and cleaning stations. The latter are arranged in such a way that they allow to clean the effluents so that they can be dumped onto the ground or pumped for further treatment into a drainage well. The process is fully automated and does not require third-party intervention. For the owner, this means that there is no need to control the filling of the tank, regularly pay for the services of a vacuum cleaner or worry about bad smell Location on.
In turn, septic tanks without pumping are divided into:
1)Non-volatile septic tanks without pumping- these are the simplest installations without pumping out, which are distinguished by the absence of any electronic systems. Effluent is moved inside the station by the overflow method, and there is no aerobic stage in the treatment process. Without oxidation, which provides active biodegradation, it is impossible to produce high-quality wastewater treatment. Therefore, they are also called systems for clarifying or settling sewer water.
After completing all the stages of purification, the system will clarify the water by 45-55%. There are models containing special activators and chemicals that allow you to get 55-70% pure water at the outlet. In both cases, federal law prohibits dumping such water on the ground, so the sewer must be equipped with a drainage well, in which additional cleaning will take place.
2)Complete systems biological treatment or bioseptics– modern sewer complexes, which, due to their design and multi-stage purification, guarantee 95-98% clarified water. It can be used for irrigation, dumped on the ground in gutters, etc. Such models are energy-dependent, as they contain air compressor units however, the daily energy consumption of such a system is even less than that of the most economical refrigerators.
Unlike non-volatile systems, where the accumulated sludge is a waste that must be removed, only activated sludge remains in the bioseptic tank. Its feature is absolute environmental safety, so you can use it as fertilizer in the garden.
Obviously, among the two types of septic tanks without pumping, complete biological treatment plants are more preferable. When choosing an unpretentious and reliable system, bioseptics lead by a wide margin, since only electricity is required for their normal operation. In order for the sedimentation tank to provide its performance, it is required to control the type of wastewater, it is forbidden to exaggerate a one-time burst discharge, and the mandatory presence of a drainage well limits the use of systems at a high level of groundwater. For these reasons, we will further consider the features and design of septic tanks for complete biological treatment.
Device and principle of operation
The internal arrangement of bioseptics depends on the specific model, but each such station contains:
- receiving chamber- the primary treatment compartment, where all drains fall. Here the water accumulates for further pumping, calms down, allowing fat and other suspended particles to float to the surface, and the most solid components to settle at the bottom. For greater effect, special separators are installed at the entrance to the chamber, which crush large particles.
- Aerotank- a mandatory compartment into which compressors pump air. The nozzles of the system are located on the sides of the chamber and at the bottom. Such a comprehensive saturation of water with oxygen activates the oxidation process. This is the main decomposition step in bioseptics, as it stimulates the breakdown of wastewater.
The bottom of the aeration tank is filled with activated sludge. It is formed as a result of oxidation and precipitation of effluent particles. This material contains microbial colonies that provide anaerobic decomposition. Since the oxygen saturation system works alternately, the water is first oxidized and mixed with the sludge in parallel. As soon as the air supply stops, the microorganisms thoroughly mixed with water begin airless decomposition. - sump- the effluents pumped from the aeration tank contain a lot of sludge, and this chamber exists for its deposition.
- clarifier- Another sump that finally clarifies the water.
- Storage compartment (optional)– camera, for collection pure water, which is equipped with models with forced reset.
These four compartments form the basis of the active biodegradation system. One pass through all systems is not enough, so some manufacturers loop the cleaning process, passing drains through all chambers several times. Other stations increase the number of chambers and may consist of 3-5 settling tanks and several aerotanks.
To guarantee 98% water purification, some manufacturers provide special active loads and disinfection systems. Their task is to rid the water of phosphate and nitrogen compounds, to exclude residual microflora.
Advantages of septic tanks without pumping
If you compare bioseptic tanks with cesspools, you will get the following advantages:
- Bioseptic complies with the law of the Russian Federation, SanPin and SNIP standards. For using the classic cesspool provides for administrative and criminal liability.
- The factory model is completely sealed and does not contaminate groundwater.
- The septic tank is odorless.
- The treatment plant does not need to be relocated after 10-20 years.
- At correct installation the septic tank is not afraid of floaters and can be operated at a close location groundwater.
And if we compare a septic tank without pumping with a storage option, then the following stand out as its advantages:
- The cost of electricity for a month of operation of an air compressor is 100 - 300 rubles, calling a vacuum truck is several thousand rubles.
- A local treatment plant (VTP) can operate for up to 6 months without the need to inspect its internal condition.
- Does not emit unpleasant odors.
- Stations with emergency systems notify you of problems with visual signals or SMS messages to your number.
- VOCs are suitable for installation in water protection areas.
Maintenance of septic tanks without pumping
Septic tank maintenance can be both periodic and unscheduled. At normal operation of all systems, once a quarter, a general inspection of the condition of the system, washing the coarse particle filter and the hair trap is carried out. Comprehensive work is carried out once every 6 months for permanent residence and once every 12 months for non-permanent residence. Once every 2-3 years, the station is completely updated with pumping out all the contents, disinfection and filling with new bacteria and loads.
Complex work is carried out in the following order:
1) During the operation of the aerator, water is taken from the aeration tank into a transparent container, with a volume of 5-10 liters.
2) The station is disconnected from the network.
3) While the water is settling, the contents and sludge are pumped out of the sludge sump and the receiving chamber. In the presence of a large number non-recyclable garbage, it is first removed by catching it from the compartment.
4) The hair trap and the coarse filter are dismantled, which are washed with water pressure or with a brush. If necessary, the airlift is dismantled and also washed.
5) Plaque on the walls of the empty chambers is removed, and the residues are pumped out from the bottom.
6) The condition of the sample is checked. If the sediment level is from 25% of the volume of water, then it is necessary to pump out part of the activated sludge. To do this, pump out a layer of water, and reaching the silt layer, pump out or take out half of its contents.
7) Starting from the aeration tank, the station is filled with water to the operating level and restarted.
This completes the main system maintenance work, however, do not forget about the features of your particular model. For example, complexes with loads that absorb phosphate impurities need to be replenished every 4-7 months. active substance. Plus, silt cannot be pumped out of compartments with such loads.
How to choose a septic tank without pumping?
In order to choose the right model for you when buying a septic tank, you need to pay attention to a number of its characteristics. In descending order, the most important ones are:
- Soil composition- it is with the quality of your site that the choice of a septic tank begins. The fact is that if you live on clay / black soil with deep underground waters, then the choice of station is limited only by your desire. As soon as we are faced with moving soils, it is required to choose a reinforced structure with developed stiffeners.
- groundwater level- a closely located aquifer should be considered separately. Here, problems may arise already at the installation stage, when it is necessary to drain the pit for the location of the station. But just burying it in the ground is not enough. It is necessary to independently provide for fixing the housing in the ground. To do this, a reinforced concrete slab is placed on the bottom and the body is pulled to it or the pit is covered with sand and cement, making the septic tank heavier. As an alternative to such solutions, you can choose a septic tank already prepared for such conditions, for example, Tver.
- Water discharge type- forced for close groundwater, gravity - for all other cases.
- Performance is the volume of daily water treatment. For example, a station processing 1 m3 of wastewater per day is suitable for permanent residence of 4-5 people, at the rate of 200-250 liters per person per day. It is better to always take with a margin, taking into account possible guests and replenishment in the family.
- Number of connected "points"- for each septic tank, the manufacturer indicates the volume of salvo discharge. This is an indicator maximum number water drained at a time, which the septic tank will process without compromising the quality of cleaning and breakdowns. Some models survive the drain from the bathroom, sink, toilet and washing machine at the same time, others "tolerate" only showers and sinks and toilets.
- Discharge type – good septic tanks without pumping, they can clean any effluents, except for discharges from chemical enterprises.
Popular manufacturers of septic tanks without pumping
Today, for your home, cottage, business or enterprise, the market offers a huge selection of septic tank models without pumping. The most popular are:
Tver- polypropylene plants for biological and chemical wastewater treatment. The system is based on the previously described cleaning technology, improved by loadings that neutralize phosphate and nitrogen compounds. The body of the station is flattened and has special lugs designed for the use of a septic tank at a high GWL (groundwater level). The lineup represented by dozens of installations, with a capacity of 0.35 to 25 m3/day. There are also modifications with forced water discharge, gravity, enlarged neck and extended neck (for greater depth of the incoming pipe).
Aster– a classic bioseptic that achieves high level cleaning, thanks to the cyclical repetition of stages. A high, polypropylene body allows you to deepen the incoming pipe up to 130 cm, while the water outlet can be either gravity or forced. The model range offers products for service from 3 to 150 users. It is possible to install an emergency system with visual indication and SMS notification.
Eurolos- this septic tank is focused on areas with high GWL. Its cylindrical seamless hull evenly distributes the load, and the protrusion at the bottom of the station securely holds the hull during winter heaving or rising water. The principle of water purification is biological, the discharge of wastewater is carried out by force or by gravity. An increase in the depth of the incoming pipe is provided by increasing the neck.
Ergobox- installation, with a developed hull design that withstands ground pressure, almost completely eliminates the risk of pushing the structure out of the ground. The design of the station provides for the overflow movement of wastewater inside the septic tank, therefore, when the electricity is turned off, the septic tank with gravity discharge goes into the anaerobic sump mode. The absence of narrow parts eliminates blockages and in general, internal organization does not provide for regular, comprehensive maintenance activities, as analogues.
