How to choose a septic tank: tips on which one is better to choose a septic tank for a private house. Septic tank: types, application and manufacture Which septic tank to choose for a country house

If it is impossible to connect to a centralized one, choose the construction of an autonomous one. Here it is important to choose the right method of wastewater treatment. There may be several options. Consider each of them and determine which septic tank is better.

All about choosing a septic tank

Types of waste disposal devices

A septic tank is a watertight container in which wastewater accumulates or is processed. Classify the equipment according to such criteria.

All units dispose of wastewater, but do so different ways. The degree of purification also varies. Based on this, several types are distinguished.

Septic tanks

tanks different capacity, completely sealed. Most often they consist of one chamber, less often of two communicating compartments. Their function is to collect sewage, which is periodically taken out by a sewage machine.

Advantages

• Can be placed anywhere on . The main thing is to leave a free entrance for the car.
• There is no need to equip a post-treatment system, for example, filtration fields that occupy a significant area. Plus, they are hard to install.
• High resistance to volley discharges.
• Safe for the environment, provided that the tightness is not compromised.
• Energy independence and complete autonomy.

Flaws

There is perhaps only one drawback - the need for pumping.

Septic tanks

Consist of three or two chambers. In each, the liquid is purified. Depending on the design features and the type of "working" microorganisms, water is clarified by 40-75%. Thus, anaerobic microorganisms are able to purify the waste liquid by 40-60%.

Advantages

• Sufficiently high degree of wastewater treatment.
• Reliable durable construction.
• Electricity supply is not required.

Flaws

• Installation restrictions in different types soils.
• A permit for installation and operation is required.
• The need for regular cleaning of the first compartment from accumulated sludge. True, this happens much less frequently than pumping out the drive.
• A large area of ​​the underground part of the structure, taking into account infiltrators and drainage wells.

In addition, you will have to periodically buy bacteria and biofilters necessary for normal functioning.

Deep biotreatment systems

Multi-chamber system where waste is decomposed by chemical, biological and mechanical methods.

At the end of the cycle, 96-97% purified water comes out. It is considered technical, it is dumped into the ground or a reservoir. Post-cleaning is not required. A good quality of purification is ensured by the vital activity of aerobic bacteria and forced aeration. Possibility of installation in soils of any type.

Advantages

• Compactness.
• They take up little space, given that the installation of additional devices for post-treatment is not required.
• Regular pumping or cleaning is not necessary

Flaws

• The need to connect to the mains for the operation of aerators.
• Difficult service. It is good that it is regularly carried out by specialists. Independent intervention will lead to incorrect operation of the equipment.
• Restrictions on the use of household chemicals. Some of them provoke the death of aerobes.
• The price is higher than other types of equipment.

Differences in the type of appliances determine which septic tank to choose for a private house. For example, for, a septic tank is suitable.

Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house

A competent choice of a recycling device is impossible without taking into account several defining criteria.

materials

• Concrete monolith. Durable, very durable. It is erected independently, formwork is used for installation. Quite difficult to make.
• Reinforced concrete rings. Like the previous version, they are durable and last a long time. They need a secure seal. They can only be installed with the help of special equipment.
• or brick structures. Raised from the bottom of the pit. Effective sealing is required, otherwise the material is destroyed by moisture. Installation is difficult.
• Plastic tanks. Lightweight, relatively durable, low price. Insensitive to corrosion. Can be damaged by rodents, crack at low temperatures.
• Metal containers. More often from steel alloys. Durable, durable, sealed. Without effective protection, they are destroyed by corrosion.
• Fiberglass containers. Tight, lightweight, durable. Chemically inert, do not crack at low temperatures. They serve for a long time.

Dimensions

Calculated on the basis of the average daily flow rate. On average, one person per day accounts for 200 liters of sewage. According to the norms, the reservoir must contain at least a three-day norm for each resident. Plus, there is a reserve of 25-30% in case guests often come. AT technical documentation factory models always indicate how many people they are designed for.

The estimated volume of waste fluid determines the number of sections. So, if it is less than 1 cu. m, then choose a single-chamber utilizer, less than 10 cubic meters. m - two-chamber, more than 10 cubic meters. m - three-chamber. Dimensions homemade devices are chosen arbitrarily.

Soil type and groundwater level

The geological situation of the area affects the choice. A sump with or infiltrate is placed only on sandy, pebbly and gravel soils, on plastic and sandy sandy loams. Groundwater should not reach at least 1 m to the structure. Clays, hard sandy loams, loams are not able to pass or absorb liquid. Therefore, it is impossible to put post-treatment systems on them.

Here, only discharge through sealed pipes to centralized sewerage or into sewer ditches.

The best choice for clay soils would be sealed storage or bioremediation stations. Highly rising groundwater also does not allow the installation of sedimentation tanks complete with post-treatment. Only accumulators or biological stations are possible.

Homemade or Factory Made

Sometimes owners refuse to buy factory equipment. Make a choice in favor of homemade. Sometimes this is justified.

It is built from concrete rings, monolithic concrete, bricks. Provided that the installation is carried out correctly, a reliable durable construction is obtained. Sometimes old tires are used or just a pit is used. Such structures have a detrimental effect on the environment, polluting the soil around them. Factory containers made of plastic, and even more so fiberglass, will do the job better. Putting them in their place is very simple. Septic tanks can also be made independently, but only the most simple models. After them, the liquid needs to be further cleaned, and equipment must be installed for this. If you need a completely safe, reliable design with a high degree of cleaning, you will have to buy it.

We conclude that a small drive is enough for a temporary home. The advantage of this solution is that the mini-tank can be installed independently. Houses with a permanent stay should be equipped with bio-cleaning stations. Settling devices equipped with post-treatment equipment can also be installed, but only if the terrain conditions allow it.

Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house

• Topol, Eco-Grand company. Purifies waste liquid by 99%. Service is simplified due to the non-standard design of the first compartment. It is possible to clean the device yourself.
• "Eurobion" from "Yubas". The rhythmic aeration tank allows the system to work even if the sewerage is not constantly used.
• "Triton" and "Tank" from "Triton-plastic". A wide range of septic tanks, settling tanks and storage tanks of different capacities. From mini and micro models to 10,000 l tanks.
• Astra from Unilos. Carries out effective multi-stage cleaning.

So, how to choose a septic tank for? It is necessary to accurately determine the volume of sewage, find out the type of soil, the level of elevation groundwater. All this will help you choose the type of device. It remains to choose the material and volumes. The range of systems for recycling is very wide, it will not be difficult to make a rational choice.

Not so easy to get suitable septic tank for a country house - what to choose depends on many factors, so it is important to determine the main priorities and criteria for evaluating the compared models. Of course, the advice of professionals and the help of neighbors can be of great help, but it should be remembered that the choice in each case is individual. It depends, first of all, on the needs of the residents of the house and the conditions at a particular facility. Right choice will ensure maximum comfort and avoid problems in the operation and maintenance of an autonomous sewer system.

When figuring out which septic tank to choose for a country house, it should be understood that it is important not only to compare models with each other, but also to correlate their characteristics with specific conditions.

Take into account the following features:

• climatic conditions,
• structure, density and other features of the soil on the site,
• mode of operation, which is determined by the nature of residence in the house (permanent, seasonal, periodic),
• average daily volume of wastewater (this parameter can be calculated for more complex scheme, taking into account the type and number of plumbing fixtures and washing equipment, but more often they use a simplified scheme, considering that the average daily water consumption of one person is about 200 liters).

Models of utilizers and their features

Any septic tank for the sewerage of a country house has its own characteristics.

Drives

Accumulators are the cheapest and simplest utilizers at the construction stage. It is advisable to choose them in the case when the house is not used too often or if the owners are ready to use the services of vacuum cleaners often.

Factory septic tanks with additional stages of post-treatment

Factory non-volatile septic tanks for a country house (for example, Tank, Triton, etc.) are equipped with infiltrators for efficient operation, or soil purification systems for them can be arranged independently. In the tanks of such products, sedimentation and partial treatment of wastewater take place, and the final biological decomposition of impurities with the help of bacteria is carried out in the soil. Many people know that to install such septic tanks areas with high groundwater are not suitable, however, there is one more nuance - the filtration fields cannot always be in one place, and their transfer is a rather laborious task, associated with a large amount of work. earthworks. The choice of a septic tank for a country house should take into account all the features of operation.

Tip: Instead of filter fields, you can use drainage well with filter bottom.

Self-made septic tanks

Self-construction of a septic tank takes time and effort, but this is largely justified by the cost-effectiveness of the option. Building a septic tank is much cheaper than buying a factory model.

Sequentially connected settling tanks, poured concrete or, as well as other materials, provide stepwise clarification of drains and can be quite effective with the right choice of volume and type of construction, as well as subject to the recommendations of specialists during the construction phase.

Deep Cleaning Stations

Local deep cleaning stations for wastewater can only be purchased. Settling of impurities in such models is combined with the decomposition of organic inclusions under the influence of and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The advantages of such facilities are a high degree of purification and minimal maintenance requirements - VOCs operate in automatic mode. However, it should be remembered that deep cleaning stations volatile and need to be connected to the mains supply. In addition, for many owners country houses a deterrent to purchase is the high cost of VOCs.

Soil features

Before determining which septic tank is best for a country house, study in detail the geological conditions on your site. In addition to the type of soil, the level of occurrence is important surface water, as well as the height of their rise, for example, during a flood.

Models for light soils

If the soil in the country house or the backyard of a country house is sandy or with high content sand (sandy loam), any type of septic tank can be chosen for arranging an autonomous sewage system. In particular, models with soil purification systems are effective under these conditions, since light soils pass and filter water well.

On light soils, both expensive bio-treatment stations and simple budget drives work well.

Models for heavy soils

The high content of clay, which allows water to pass through only in a dry state, and, being saturated with moisture, becomes a waterproofing agent, imposes certain restrictions when choosing a treatment plant. If the soil in the area is clay or loam, and you are looking for best septic tank for a country house - the rating will be headed by hermetic storage tanks and local treatment stations (VOCs). Install the model with soil aftertreatment in this case irrationally. Theoretically, this is possible, but for the normal functioning of the device, a huge amount of earthwork will have to be done - to remove clay soil, replacing it with rubble or sand.

Models for sites with high groundwater levels

A high level of groundwater or a significant rise in a flood can create certain problems in the operation of an autonomous sewer. To avoid them, it is important to choose the right type of utilizer. Models that provide for the filtration of wastewater through the soil will not work in this case - the impurities present in them will enter the groundwater.

Acceptable options are:

• sealed storage,
• VOCs, which provide for the forced removal of the purified liquid,
• septic tanks with a post-treatment system located on the surface of the soil.

Obviously, under any conditions, you can find the optimally suitable septic tank for a country house - decide for yourself what to choose.

Performance of treatment facilities

For trouble-free operation of the septic tank and prevention of overcrowding of tanks, it is important to choose the right model performance. This parameter, in turn, is related to the volume of cameras and their number.

It has already been indicated above that the average daily volume of fluid intake is about 200 liters per person. Septic tank, according to accepted norms and the rules, must contain the amount of drains for three days, so this figure should be tripled and multiplied by the number of residents. The result obtained will be the required performance of the utilizer, but experts do not recommend choosing “at a minimum”, you should make a small margin - 10-15% of the calculated volume, which is a kind of insurance and a way to reduce the risk of overfilling tanks.

Having decided on the volume of the product, you can solve the issue of the number of cameras.

• Single-chamber models are suitable for a minimum amount of wastewater (average daily volume is less than a cubic meter).
• If the daily volume of effluents is no more than ten cubic meters, a two-chamber septic tank will be the best option.
• Three-chamber models will ensure trouble-free waste disposal, even if a family of 4 lives permanently in the house, they are designed to process wastewater in the amount of more than 10 cubic meters per day.

Pricing

Many manufacturers produce different kinds septic tanks for a country house. The presence in the model lines of products with different parameters allows for each home to make a rational choice. At the same time, there are features characteristic of each brand.

All parameters affect the cost of the utilizer, including:

• septic volume,
• the number of tanks connected in series (chambers, cleaning stages),
• wastewater treatment technology,
• availability of additional equipment (float level gauges, automatic control systems, filters, drainage pumps, airlifts, compressors),
• case material,
• manufacturing firm.

You can learn from another article as a system of soil post-treatment.

If you decide to use it as a sewer, then our article will help in their selection and installation.

About Features independent device outdoor toilet here.

Popular Models

In order to make it easier to navigate the variety of models, we offer a brief overview of septic tanks for a country house of the most famous manufacturers.

Tank

Non-volatile septic tanks, one of the advantages of which is the presence of a monolithic body, which excludes the possibility of waste entering the groundwater. To increase the strength of the body are supplied with stiffeners. In the model range of septic tanks of this brand there are compact models for a small cottage (capacity - 600 l / day) and high-performance (from 1200 l / day) products designed for permanent residence of a family of 5-6 people.

Triton

Triton septic tanks are compact single-chamber models of the "mini" class (Triton-Mini, Triton-Micro) and models for a large number of drains (from 1000 l / day) with three series-connected chambers (Triton-T). All structures are characterized by increased strength, capable of withstanding loads from soil pressure.

Topas

Models of this brand are energy-dependent (they belong to deep biological treatment plants - they clean wastewater by 98%), but differ from their counterparts in low power consumption. Reviews of septic tanks for a country house brand "Topas" prove their reliability. In addition, users note big choice products that differ in technical specifications(productivity, degree of deepening of the sewer pipe, method of drainage, etc.).

One of the most important issues when buying a plot, cottage or country house is the availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and most practical solution to this problem is to buy a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of waste disposal devices use several stages of treatment: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Self-contained septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not need oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

The choice of the optimal model of the cleaning device depends on several factors:

1. Required performance. For one person, the volume of wastewater is usually laid equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
2. Availability of electricity on site.
3. Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
4. Ground water level. High GWL may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
5. Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a shallower pit.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

• recommendations of civil engineers;
• feedback from users who have installed specific models of cleaning devices in their area;
• value for money septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for summer cottages

Septic tanks for installation in a summer cottage are small and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple stand-alone models that act as a sump and are connected to the system. additional filtration. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of productivity, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the line of non-volatile septic tanks Triton Plastic. Its design is simplified to the limit: there are only two chambers: coarse primary treatment and secondary biological treatment. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of treating up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in more expensive models companies: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece cast body with special stiffeners, which increases the service life and excludes the penetration of groundwater into the internal volume of the structure.

This compact model is ideal for installation in the country and is designed for use by two or three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, therefore, it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place with it. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you still have to clean the chambers from sediment once every few years.

3 Termite Profi 1.2

The strongest container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Due to its small weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easily transported and mounted. it great option for a small country house or separately standing bath. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Profi 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal performance under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that it is imperative to sprinkle the container with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha that is visited by 1-2 people, guest house or change houses for the period of building a house, the best option would be a budget septic tank Microb 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it, you will need to make a sand cushion, and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its wall thickness is small. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any level of groundwater - of course, with the implementation of the manufacturer's design recommendations.

Customers especially like the device's reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a larger capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and with a limited budget, Microb 450 is ideal.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and volatile. What is their peculiarity, what are their strengths and weak sides- learn from the detailed comparison table:

1 Rostok Mini

Stable performance in all conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 24,120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive stand-alone septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and the lightness of the design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. The Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions, it requires pumping out once or twice a year (provided that all the supplies and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or a house, which will not hit the pockets of potential consumers hard.

Advantages:

• seamless durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic case;
• the presence of additional stiffeners to give structural strength;
• completely blocks unpleasant odors;
• low, but stable performance;
• does not require frequent maintenance;
• attractive price.

Flaws:

• for its price category - no.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations, whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms, are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They produce 98% purified water at the outlet - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks from silt is needed every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the drains do not need additional ground filtration, the structure takes up a minimum of space.

The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. As part of the aerobic system, there is always an aerator-compressor that saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment plant is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. As part of the septic tank, Japanese compressors and German pumps are used in order to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system. In case of loss of power supply, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent value for money of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. It is possible to choose both a gravity-fed version of the installation, and a variant with a forced ejection of effluents for areas with high level ground water.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that a special structural plastic is used for casting the body, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which eliminates the need for additional soil filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a dacha or a country house with permanent residence of 2-3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device does its job perfectly, there are no smells and noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User Choice
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on the incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% of the purification rate. Thus, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The input of the drain pipe can be organized at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to the ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
• reliable container body;
• good throughput (filtration up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Poplar)

Best processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: 148,230 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

An overall volatile septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except that the tank weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of performance, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the effluents enter the receiving chamber (volley ejection can reach 450 liters), due to aeration, the solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping wastewater through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - a little, but a decent amount accumulates over a long time of work.

Advantages:

• active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
• good performance (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
• capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Flaws:

• high price;
• increased power consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: 99,875 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. Putting such a tank in the country is not entirely justified - it is much better suited to a small country house. The convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) is no longer provided here - the entire structure weighs nearly 350 kilograms. Thanks to installed filters does not require cleaning, well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

• popularity among users;
• low power consumption;
• high efficiency filtration;
• reliable case;
• ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Flaws:

• not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require an electrical connection are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of effluent clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water needs additional filtration. There are several ways - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional cash costs and reduce the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
Country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: RUB 67,575
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment quite successfully came to Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfect), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by the feedback from users, is the extreme intolerance to the removal of rain and drainage water to the local treatment system. Why this is so is a matter of intense debate. But the fact that this is an obvious minus is supported by all and unanimously.

Advantages:

• good standard filtration efficiency;
• quality body materials.

Flaws:

• rainwater or drainage water entering the treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering capacity.

2 Termite Profi 3.0

Maximum degree of cleaning in the class
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The performance of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the level of purification reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of ​​the final soil filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is flushed only once a year, while the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it back into operation is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This one is relatively inexpensive option cleaning system for a summer residence or a country house where there are significant problems with power supply. Productivity of model - 700 liters a day that provides requirements of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and the sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally apply a drainage field or an infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the mains. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from living quarters, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially well suited for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.

When a residential building is being built, then sewage is planned, as a rule, independent. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage, today an autonomous septic tank for a private house has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air-tight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.

In this device, household drains are first settled, then they are processed by special microorganisms, and then the drains are filtered. Huge selection bio purifiers puts before consumers topical issues, which septic tank is better for giving with periodic rest, and which utilizer is more suitable for a permanent home? Buy a ready-made unit or make a cleaner yourself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

The principle of operation of modern utilizers

Bioseptics are a local installation, which is a system of an autonomous sewer system of a private house. Given purification plant installed in areas where it is impossible to connect to central sewerage, that is, at country houses of non-permanent residence and country houses residential buildings.

It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.

To choose the best bio septic tank, it is necessary to understand the principle of operation of this design, which will help pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. So let's see how this design works:

1. Wastewater flows through sewer pipes into the first chamber, where it settles. Heavy impurities settle to the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
2. Then, after the primary settling, the wastewater enters the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of bio-bacteria.
3. In the third chamber, wastewater is finally settled and purified. After that, they go down to the filtration field, and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleaned of impurities.

When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a house of permanent or temporary residence, experts advise paying attention to utilizers that are equipped with a deep biological filter. Autonomous purification stations of this type carry out complete water purification, freeing from the need to build filtration fields.

What are the types of septic tanks?

There are many varieties of local septic tanks that can be used to clean the drains of a private house: from the simplest do-it-yourself structures to offline installations, which allow you to clean wastewater up to almost 100%.

Treatment plants are classified according to different criteria:

• by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
• according to the material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
• by design features: volatile and non-volatile.

Also, bio cleaners are classified into three types, depending on the set of implemented functions:

1. Cumulative. Such a utilizer consists of one chamber or two communicating wells. Effluent in a sealed vessel is divided into liquid and solid fractions, then the organic matter is split, and the liquid is settled. So that the tanks do not overflow, the waste is periodically pumped out (1-2 times a year). This type of septic tank is suitable for a country house, where they rest only on weekends.
2. Settler with a compartment for soil purification. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Inside the aeration areas there is bio-activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a residential building seasonal residence e.g. from May to October. Cleaning is necessary once every 2-3 years.
3. Station for deep purification of sewage masses. This is a tank with three chambers, in which sewage decomposes in stages. Settling down first solids, then the liquid with organic suspensions is biorecycled. The best models of septic tanks of this type equipped with a compressor. Installation is expensive but effective. Ideal for a private permanent home. Pumping out will be required no earlier than after 5 years.

In order for the closed sewer system to work more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank for it, which implies the settlement of special bacteria in the primary treatment chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This measure will accelerate the disinfection and dissolution of waste.

If you remove from the post-treatment chamber ventilation pipe or connect an air compressor, then you get another aerobic septic tank. To do this, it is necessary to add special microorganisms to it, which process organic matter with access to oxygen.

Biological decomposition of sewage by one or another type of microorganisms makes it possible to purify waste to the state of process water.

What to look for when choosing?

To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are better to choose for a private house, it is necessary to consider the problem from several positions:

First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is made of bricks, concrete rings or tires. However, such a cleaner is only acceptable for a house with seasonal or periodic residence. For long and safe use it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since purchase option complies with all environmental and sanitary standards.

However, the most expensive treatment plants, which allow you to drain purified water directly into a reservoir, it is not advisable to purchase for private use, but for several households it is not so expensive. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-capacity utilizer. The first compartment collects sewage and performs their primary purification, and the second one filters the liquid and drains it into the ground, and not into water bodies.

Secondly, it is necessary to choose the material for the manufacture of the tank. This criterion affects the service life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations use:

1. ZHB rings. High-quality reinforced concrete rings are not subject to corrosion for a long time, have a large margin of safety, but their installation requires the involvement of special equipment.
2. Plastic. Reservoirs made of various polymers are light in weight and low in price. However, this design is very unstable, and during installation the vessel must be kept upright at all times. In addition, plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
3. Metal. Septic tanks made of this material have the most great strength, as well as democratic cost. However, the metal is easily corroded, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and out. In addition, the installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
4. Fiberglass. The most durable and practical utilizers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Thirdly, you need to consider the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:

• for sandy soil, it is better to install a utilizer with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water immediately merges into the sand. The filtration field is recommended to be placed higher;
• in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must overcome the sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
• in the case of a high line of surface water deposits, the best solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-cleaning function. In this case, the septic tank must be weighted or securely fixed.

How to choose the volume and size of the wastewater purifier?

The capacity of the waste disposal unit is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage sewage per person (bath or shower, toilet bowl, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If the family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:

200*4 people*3 days = 2400 liters

If in country cottage often guests visit, then the result is increased by 2/3:

2400 * 1.66 \u003d 3900 liters.

The optimal depth of the septic tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the end result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a tank model is selected:

In this case, the depth of groundwater is important. For a single chamber model, groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the groundwater is at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.

Tips for choosing a cottage with occasional residence

If household members visit the dwelling on weekends, and enjoy a minimum plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber utilizers. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sandy layers-filters are poured into such drives, which provide 50% purification.

Experts recommend that it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport norms, then such a design perfectly fulfills the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:

• mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
• after processing organic waste, the water settles and is cleaned in the well, after which it enters the ground;
• storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer, which is resistant to temperature extremes;
• compact containers are easy to transport on a regular car, and they will not cause trouble with unloading;
• You can install such a utilizer alone, but it is better to do it together.

Recommendations for selection for a permanent residence

For the average family that permanently resides in country house, the best option would be a sump with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank-filter. The first two containers (settlers) are sealed, and the third one is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it, which additionally filter the liquid before descending into the soil.

If the utilizer is filled, then it is pumped out by special sewage services, bio components and filters of the septic tank must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber sump purifies sewage up to 95%.

Which unit to choose for a house with permanent residence, so that the drains are as clean as possible, and pumping out as little as possible?

A good option in the presence of a high boundary for the passage of groundwater would be a multi-chamber utilizer with a biofilter. This factory. The model, manufactured in an industrial way, consists of 4 sections:

• sump;
• an anaerobic chamber for the decomposition of large waste;
• separator with a filter with bacteria;
• aerobic septic tank (similar to the drainage field).

The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field that combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of ​​​​not 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump and the house is also at least 30 m.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that it offers, and the consumer will face the problem of choice. the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the ranking of the best non-volatile and volatile wastewater purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, analysis of sales volume and customer reviews.

TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:

Such tanks work without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with non-permanent residence.

1. Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle of pre-treatment of wastewater by settling, biodegradation and subsequent distribution of treated water into the ground. This unit is made of durable polymer with stiffeners, which contributes to resistance to increased loads in summer and winter periods. Approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out to a third of the capacity once a year.
2. Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that implement the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as the anaerobic decomposition of biomaterial, followed by the supply of purified waste water to the filtration site. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, it requires weighting for secure fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Annual cleaning required.
3. BARS-Bio. Optimal choice, both for periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, the waste masses pass through three chambers and two biofilters that do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree sewage treatment, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - more than 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.

TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:

These devices require a constant connection to electricity and oxygen supply to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real deep sewage treatment plants with a high degree of efficiency.

1. Tver. This design provides a comprehensive treatment of wastewater through multi-chamber system for receiving and cleaning large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with aggressive environment. The durable plastic tank resists corrosion, providing a service life of up to 60 years. Cleansing - every 3-4 years.
2. Leader. The unit of six chambers provides complex purification of waste masses without the use of special bioactivators. Allows you to organize an ecological drain to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete cleaning of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, polymer fishing line imitating algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, alkaline environment. The service life is 55-60 years. Pumping - once every 5 years.
3. Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for normal soils or for high-passing groundwater. The two-layer design of the septic tank prevents the destructive effect of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life - up to 50 years. Requires cleaning every 3-5 years.

All of the listed models of autonomous septic tanks for private houses have adequately proven themselves in the field of wastewater treatment, they have a well-thought-out design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.