Septic tanks for summer cottages - what is it and how to choose the right model. How to choose a septic tank for a private house: what are the types, principles of operation Sewerage for a permanent home

It is easy to get confused in the abundance of offers on the septic tank market. Manufacturers respond to growing demand and offer autonomous treatment facilities for absolutely any request. How to choose the right septic tank? You just need to limit the choice to the most famous brands that have already earned a good reputation among users. We decided to help you with this and made a TOP list of autonomous sewers. We have chosen those septic tanks and stations that are widely represented on the market.

A septic tank is commonly referred to as any suburban sewerage system. This is not entirely true. There are septic tanks, settling tanks, and there are biological treatment plants. These are completely different treatment facilities.

How is a septic tank different from a station?

• The first difference is the quality of cleaning. The water from the septic tank comes out cloudy and with a characteristic odor. From the station, odorless process water, purified up to 98%, is drained.
• The second difference is that the water after the septic tank needs to be further cleaned in the filter well or in the filtration field. After cleaning in the station, it is allowed to divert the runoff to the terrain, for example, into a ditch.
• The third difference follows from the second. Septic tanks are not suitable for clay soils and high groundwater. Under such conditions, soil post-treatment will not work and, therefore, a septic tank cannot be installed. For biological treatment plants, this is not a problem.
• And fourth. Septic tanks are most often made of fiberglass or polyethylene, and stations are made of polypropylene. Polyethylene is plastic and dents under soil pressure. Fiberglass septic tanks are very durable, but due to the peculiarities of manufacturing (molding) they can be leaky. Cases of stations made of polypropylene, as practice shows, are very reliable.

Let's just say that this rating is subjective. All estimates are based on our own experience in installing and maintaining septic tanks and stations in different regions of Russia (Northwestern Federal District, Central Federal District, Urals) for 8 years. In total, in our review there are 17 septic tanks and bio-treatment stations that we installed and for which we collected statistics. Let's start the rating with the most problematic septic tank and get to the best.

17. Station Kolo Vesi

In last place is the sewerage of Colo Vesi. This is a biological treatment plant, which is positioned as a Finnish one, although all production is located in Russia. Kolo Vesi refers to the type of stations in which there is no compressor, and aeration (saturation of wastewater with oxygen) occurs when water is sprayed over the bio-load in the neck of the installation.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Kolomaki
• 8 mm
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 1
• Price: very high
• Maintenance: pumping out with a cesspool every 1.5-2 years (but preferably more often, with permanent residence, a smell quickly appears)
• Warranty: 1 year

Why buy:

• The body is cylindrical, well withstands squeezing. There are lugs on the body, so the septic tank is suitable for problematic soils.
• The drain circulates by gravity, respectively, you can not be afraid of clogging the station.
• The wires are connected in the control box outside the station and if the station is flooded, the electrics will not suffer.

What to consider:

• Aeration when pumping wastewater through a biofilter is considered less efficient than compressor aeration. Manufacturers of Kolo Vesi do not work on this shortcoming (for example, there is additional ejector aeration in the Eurolos BIO septic tank).
• We think that the Kolo Vesi septic tank does not have enough volume for deep wastewater treatment. Recently, complaints about this sewerage system have often been received.
• Sprinkling during installation must be done by DSP. This is a manufacturer's requirement, and it increases the cost of installation.
• Kolo Vesi is one of the most expensive stations, despite its controversial reputation.
• The septic tank is positioned as Finnish, although it is produced in Russia. The Finnish technology, which is implemented in the septic tank, in this case is a minus, since European cleaning requirements do not correspond to Russian ones. The prototype for Kolo Vesi was indeed the Finnish Green Rock septic tank, but it is produced to different standards, with lower requirements for the quality of cleaning.
• Infrequent and simple maintenance is claimed, but due to insufficient volume and the appearance of a smell, the station has to be serviced more often.
• This is the only station that our company receives complaints about. They are mainly associated with smell.

• For sites with any soil conditions.
• For country houses with a small volume of drains, which this septic tank can handle. Experience shows that if the station is chosen with a margin, then it does not produce an odor. Unless, of course, open the lid.

Findings:

In essence, Colo Vesi is a marketing bubble. In terms of cleaning quality, this is, at best, a septic tank with a biofilter (except in a beautiful case). Due to frequent complaints from customers at a very high price of this septic tank, we put it in last place in our rating. We are not dealers of the manufacturer Kolo Vesi, we do not sell and do not recommend this sewer to customers.

The cleaning technology used in Kolo Vesi has advantages. But I recommend taking a closer look at the Eurolos Bio station (9th place in our septic tank rating). The volume of this treatment is larger, there are no complaints about the smell and Eurolos costs almost 2 times cheaper than Colo Vesi.

16. Septic Termite Profi

Polyethylene septic tank from an experienced manufacturer. Like other plastic septic tanks, Thermite works well in dry soil with a low GWL. Waste water is settled and discharged into a drainage trench, into a filtration field or into a filter well.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Multplast
• Type: septic tank
• Material: low-density polyethylene, the body is made using rotational molding
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 1 point
• Price: low
• Alarm: not required as there is no electrical equipment in the septic tank
• Service: 1 time in 1.5-2 years, for pumping order a sewage machine

Termite Benefits:

• The case is made using rotoforming, it is one-piece cast and without seams.
• A bioload is provided, which reduces the leaching of microflora and improves the quality of cleaning.
• The septic tank itself is inexpensive.
• The operation of the septic tank does not stop when the electricity is turned off, it is non-volatile.

What to consider when choosing:

• The body of the septic tank is in the form of a parallelepiped, the pressure on it is uneven, the septic tank can be deformed, especially if it is chosen incorrectly (for clay and high GWL) or the installation technology is violated (sprinkling an unfilled septic tank or pouring an unsprinkled one).
• Sprinkling is done by DSP and it is longer and more expensive than sanding.
• After cleaning, the smell remains, additional cleaning in the ground is required. But this is a feature of all septic tanks.
• The manufacturer does not give a guarantee for the septic tank. If a manufacturing defect is found, you may have to use consumer protection law.

• Owners of sites with dry sandy soil and low GWL.
• Those who are looking for budget sewerage, the quality of which can be trusted.

Findings:

A cheap septic tank with restrictions on the conditions of use (sand, sandy loam, low GWL). The case is plastic and does not withstand strong squeezing by the ground. In addition, the lack of a guarantee is surprising. We give this septic tank the penultimate 16th place.

15. Station Ergobox

Biological treatment station from the same manufacturer that produces the Termit septic tank. In fact, this is a modified Termite Transformer septic tank. It has a compressor and an aeration element. Water is saturated with oxygen and conditions are created for deep biological purification.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Multplast
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: low-pressure polyethylene, manufacturing technology - rotational molding.
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 2 points
• Price: below average
• Alarm: not provided, installed at the request of the customer
• Maintenance: 1 time in 1.5-2 years pumping out with a cesspool
• Warranty: no official warranty

Why buy an Ergobox station:

• It is inexpensive compared to other aeration stations. Complete with cheap Hailea compressors and Gileks pumps (if the withdrawal is forced)
• Light weight and easy to install by hand.
• The drain overflows from chamber to chamber by gravity, clogging is almost impossible.
• Made on the basis of a septic tank, but it performs deep cleaning and does not require filtration fields and drainage wells.

What to consider:

• During installation, the station is sprinkled with a cement-sand mixture. Installation is expensive and difficult.
• To pump out the sediment, you need to call a sewer. Pumping is done infrequently (once a year), but it costs money.
• The cleaning quality is not very high.
• The station is not guaranteed.

• If you need the most budgetary biotreatment station
• If there is no place on the site for a filtration field or a drainage well, or you don’t want to service these structures in the future (crushed stone silts up and is changed every few years)
• If there are pets in the country house. Wool in this septic tank does not lead to blockages

Findings:

The station is inexpensive, but with poor cleaning performance. The body is plastic and unreliable, so it is sprinkled with DSP, and this is an extra cost. Cesspool calls are not cheap. There is no manufacturer's warranty. The Ergobox station is optimal only in cases where the budget is limited, and a septic tank cannot be installed due to the conditions on the site. Because of all these shortcomings - only 15th place.

14. Station BioPurite

Station with compressor aeration and gravity overflows, as in a septic tank. BioPurite has been produced by the Flotenk plant for more than a year, it has changed its design more than once, and today the manufacturer continues to improve this septic tank.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Flotenk
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: machine wound fiberglass
• Price: average
• Emergency signaling: not provided, can be installed as part of additional developments
• Maintenance: 1 time in 1.5-2 years with a vacuum cleaner
• Warranty: 1 year

Why buy:

• The body of BioPurita is made by machine winding of fiberglass. It is an extremely durable material that is not afraid of ground pressure.
• Grousers (protrusions around the bottom of the septic tank) take on the pressure of the soil column and provide stability. BioPurite is suitable for areas with high GWL.
• The overflow of wastewater from chamber to chamber occurs by gravity, there are no airlifts and there is nothing to clog.
• The volume of the septic tank was reduced by the manufacturer. The model, which was previously offered for 5 people, is now offered for 8. This does not contribute to good cleaning.

What to consider:

• Internal baffles may be poorly molded, leaks between the chambers will occur and the cleaning quality will deteriorate.
• Branch pipes are cut through rubber cuffs. The rubber dries out and leaks over time.
• The compressor compartment is located directly in the cover of the station, which is not very convenient for maintenance.
• Poor quality components and assembly

• Those who have to install sewers in clay and in high groundwater.
• Those who select a septic tank for a public area (cafe, gas station, construction temporary hut). In such areas, insoluble debris is often dumped into the sewer, and BioPurite is not clogged due to gravity overflows.

Findings:

BioPurite is a good and inexpensive station. A minimum of electrics, a rigid body, no blockages - all this makes it popular. But a small volume, factory defects, cheap compressors and components, instability of cleaning are the annoying disadvantages of BioPurite. Because of them, we put it only on the 14th place in our TOP-list.

Availability: yes

RUB 123,900

Availability: yes

RUB 71,300

Availability: yes

RUB 75,960

RUB 84,400

13. Station Crystal

Inexpensive biotreatment station from a Russian manufacturer. Made on the model of the Lithuanian septic tank Tridenis, but in comparison with it has important advantages.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Crystal
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: machine-wound fiberglass reinforced with carbon fiber
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 3 points
• Alarm: not provided, optional
• Price: average
• Maintenance: calling a vacuum truck for pumping out 1 time in 1.5-2 years
• Warranty: 10 years for body and 1 year for electrical equipment

Why buy:

• The crystal has a durable fiberglass body reinforced with carbon fiber.
• The base of the body is conical, which contributes to a good fixation of the septic tank in the ground. It is also more convenient to pump out sediment from such a body.
• The compressor is located under the cover and it is possible to install a pump for forced pumping. This distinguishes Crystal favorably from similar septic tanks, for example, from the Traidenis septic tank (in it the compressor is placed outside, and the installation of a pump for forced pumping is not provided).
• Sprinkling is done with sand, not DSP, it is cheaper.

What to consider:

• Like other stations without an averaging chamber (EvroBion, Ital Antey), Kristall needs a regular supply of wastewater, while their composition must be stable.
• Maintenance of the Crystal - pumping out with a vacuum cleaner 1 time in 1.5-2 years. It is necessary to ensure the access of the sludge machine to the septic tank for 20-30 meters. The service is paid and takes time (you need to control the work and immediately after pumping out fill the septic tank with water so that it does not float).

• For country houses with permanent residence and regular flow of wastewater into the septic tank.
• For areas with problematic soils. The fiberglass hull is very rigid and strong, it is firmly held in the ground due to the conical shape.

Findings:

Relatively cheap station in a rigid case. It has an original cone design, which simplifies the pumping of sediment. Another plus is a very long warranty on the case. Disadvantages - the lack of an averaging chamber and a long exit to the mode. This station is not recommended for temporary residence. Therefore, we put the Crystal only in 13th place.

Polyethylene septic tank for simple settling of drains. It has been on the market for a long time, has a reputation as a reliable budget septic tank for good soils (sand, sandy loam, low groundwater).

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Ecoprom
• Type: septic tank
• Material: low pressure polyethylene
• Purification degree: 2 points
• Price: below average.
• Alarm: no, can be supplied according to customer's request
• Maintenance: pumping out with a cesspool 1 time in 1.5 years.
• Warranty: 1 year

Why is Rostock a good septic tank?

• It has a cylindrical body with stiffeners, resistant to compression.
• Inclined overflows and a two-section filtration system, retains impurities well.
• In well-filtered soil, the manufacturer recommends sanding the septic tank. It is cheaper than sprinkling with a cement-sand mixture (CPS). The exception is the Rostock septic tank with an elongated neck: it is buried deeper and sprinkled with CPS due to the greater soil pressure.
• Great guarantee. It should be borne in mind that some manufacturers of septic tanks do not provide a guarantee at all.
• A special system of overflows, high cleaning rates for suspended solids.

What to consider:

• The neck is welded to the body. At the moment, the manufacturing company is finalizing the septic tank, so that the neck is not welded, but solid.
• The septic tank is anchored using a special set of curbstones. This kit is produced by the manufacturer of the septic tank.
• The Rostock septic tank is relatively expensive in its segment (for example, it is more expensive than the Termit polyethylene septic tank with the same operating principle).
• Wastewater from a septic tank smells. Further cleaning into the ground is needed, which limits the scope. But this is a disadvantage of all septic tanks.

• If the soil on the site is sand or sandy loam, and the groundwater level is low.
• If you need a relatively cheap, but at the same time reliable sewerage.

Findings:

If a septic tank is suitable for your site, then Rostock is the best option. However, after it, soil post-treatment is needed, which increases the cost of installation. Calling a sewer to pump out a septic tank costs money. The filtration field and the well, like the septic tank itself, need to be maintained (dig up and change the rubble). Deserved 12th place.

11. Station Ital Antey

Ital Antey is an economical septic tank from the Plast-Service company, which also produces Ital BIO septic tanks and other plastic structures.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Plast-Service
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Degree of purification on a five-point scale: 3 points
• Price: below average
• Alarm: no, optional
• Maintenance: pumping out with a cesspool 1 time in 1.5-2 years, calling a service engineer every few months

Why buy:

• The Antey septic tank has a cylindrical body and has lugs. Difficult soil is not an obstacle to the installation of this sewer.
• The septic tank is light and compact, mounted without an excavator, which saves money and saves the site.
• There is no risk of blockages, as the drain overflows by gravity.
• Each model has both gravity and forced taps. This simplifies the selection, since it is not necessary to initially take into account the characteristics of the soil. The outlet is selected locally.

What to consider:

• Only 2 models are produced, Antey 3 and Antey 5.
• There is no receiving chamber for averaging drains, so the station can enter the mode for a long time. It is important that the flow of effluents be regular, and they do not contain aggressive chemicals.
• The alarm is not provided by the manufacturer. Our company puts it in agreement with the customer, but this is paid as additional work.
• To pump out the sludge, a sewer is called, and a service engineer is needed to service the station (washing, checking the electrics). Maintenance costs are on the rise.
• The station has a collector with taps for setting aeration. In the absence of experience, setting up can be difficult.

• It has an area with clay and high groundwater. Ital Antey is suitable for these conditions.
• He lives outside the city all the time, so the mode of flow of effluents is more or less stable.
• I am ready to periodically spend money on both a sewer and a service engineer.

Findings:

Ital Antey is an unpretentious biological treatment plant. It is recommended for those who do not fit the septic tank and who have limited budget. The degree of purification is low for the station. During service and commissioning, problems are possible. As a result - 11th place.

10. Stations EuroBion Art and Rusin

An interesting station from the NEP company, developed and patented by engineer Yuri Bobylev. The design turned out to be extremely successful, which provided this sewer with great demand.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: NEP (National Ecological Project)
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: 8mm integrally foamed polypropylene
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 4 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: lamp on cover and float in receiving chamber, not included
• Maintenance: pumping out sludge with a service airlift every few months, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 3 years for the body and technological equipment (airlifts, aerators), 1 year for electrics

Why buy:

• The body is made of expanded polypropylene and equipped with lugs. Suitable even for wetlands.
• The station is reliable, equipped with one compressor and operates in one mode. The electrics won't let you down.
• Due to the vertical layout of the chambers and gravity overflows, EuroBion does not clog.
• EuroBion has a large volley discharge, thanks to the proprietary Aerodrain system. It doses the discharge of water from the station, which allows not only to increase the volume of salvo discharge, but also to reduce the removal of sludge.
• It is possible to pump out silt without a cesspool, for this EuroBion has a regular airlift.

What to consider:

• This station does not have a receiving chamber for averaging wastewater. In the first chamber, aeration and biological treatment immediately begin. Because of this, EuroBion takes a long time to enter the regime and for normal operation, effluents must be received at regular intervals.
• When using this station, it is necessary to carefully monitor the composition of the waste water. Do not use detergents containing chlorine.

• For those who have installed a bath in the house and need a septic tank with a large salvo discharge.
• For a private house with year-round use.
• For public areas where insoluble waste enters the septic tank. Blockages in this septic tank are not terrible.
• For areas with high groundwater and/or clay.
• For those who want to pump out a septic tank without a sewer. EuroBion has a service airlift for this.

Findings:

EuroBion in our rating is one line higher than Ital Antey. The Aerodrain system prevents the removal of sludge during salvo discharges. A wide range of models is offered, there are elongated modifications. There is also a budget modification Rusin. Service does not require a vacuum cleaner. At the same time, it is suitable only for permanent residence and is sensitive to the content of chemicals in wastewater.

Availability: yes

70 650 rub.

Availability: yes

RUB 75,960

RUB 84,400

Availability: yes

RUB 77,400

Availability: yes

RUB 86,670

RUB 96,300

9. Station Eurolos BIO

Robust station made of monolithic polypropylene. It uses a special type of aeration. The pump pumps water into the neck, where it is sprayed over the bio-load and saturated with oxygen. This solution makes the septic tank cheap and at the same time quite effective.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Eurolos
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene.
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 4 points.
• Price: average
• Alarm: not provided, optional
• Maintenance: calling a vacuum truck 1 time in 1.5-2 years
• Warranty: 3 years body, 1 year electrical

Why buy:

• The hull is cylindrical, the ground pressure is uniform over the entire area of ​​the hull, squeezing by the ground is excluded.
• There are lugs that take on the weight of the soil and make the septic tank stable.
• The Eurolos BIO septic tank has a simple and reliable design. It does not have a compressor, only a timer-controlled pump from electrical equipment.
• The septic tank is equipped with an ejector. He takes part of the flow passing through the pump and uses it for additional aeration. This improves the quality of cleaning.

What to consider:

• The degree of purification is lower than in stations with compressor aeration. In Eurolos BIO, this problem is partially eliminated with the help of jet aeration (ejector).
• It is important to choose the right septic tank for performance so that the system can cope with the volume of drains and there is no smell on the site.
• Not very convenient electrical part. We advise you to equip the Eurolos BIO septic tank with a remote control unit, like Kolo Vesi.
• The declared salvo discharge is small, but it is not overestimated.

• If a site with high groundwater or clay.
• If you want to install a sewer and forget about it. To pump out Eurolos BIO, a vacuum truck is called once a year, and no maintenance is required the rest of the time.
• If insoluble debris, for example, the hair of dogs and cats, will definitely fall into the sewer.
• If you need an inexpensive and reliable septic tank that will clean the drain to the state of technical water with the possibility of draining to the ground.

Findings:

Good and inexpensive station. It is arranged in the same way as Colo Vesi, but it costs 2 times cheaper, with the same declared productivity, it is 1.5 times more in volume and, in addition, it has ejector aeration. We recommend this station for installation, but we put it only in 9th place. The degree of purification is still lower than in stations with a receiving chamber for averaging wastewater and with compressor aeration.

8. Station Tver

The original Russian development has been produced for more than 20 years and receives many good reviews.

Characteristics:

• Producer: TD Engineering equipment
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene
• The price is high
• Emergency signaling: not provided, installed additionally and connected in a remote electrical box
• Service: call a vacuum truck 1 time in 1.5-2 years.
• Warranty: 1 year for body and hardware

Why buy:

• The station has a large volume, can take a significant burst of discharge and copes well with wastewater treatment.
• Body with semicircular bottom, made of homogeneous 5 mm polypropylene, with lugs and stiffening ribs, adapted to ground pressure and suitable for high groundwater.
• Tver is a single-mode station with one compressor, reliable and unpretentious.

What to consider:

• The Tver station is expensive. It surpasses in price the most famous aeration stations Unilos Astra, Topas, BioDeca.
• The thickness of the case is only 5 mm. The stiffeners do not fully compensate for this shortcoming.
• Installation is difficult and expensive. The compressor is placed in the house or in the utility room and connected to the station by an air pipe. The pump is connected via a heat shrink sleeve. It is recommended to install a remote electrical box for disconnecting wires. Our company offers such a solution.
• Alarm installation is not provided, we mount it additionally.
• It is necessary to change limestone crushed stone and expanded clay. Crushed stone dissolves over time and you need to periodically fill up 1 bag. The silted expanded clay is first pumped out, and only then a new one is poured. Not every sewer undertakes such work.

• Does not plan to service the septic tank frequently.
• Wants to install a sewer and forget about it.
• It can provide a 20-30 meter access to the septic tank for a sludge pump.
• It has a non-residential premises on the site for the installation of a compressor.
• Knows that insoluble waste will fall into the sewer.

Findings:

The station is original in design and relatively expensive. We place it on the 8th place of our rating. The reasons are the compressor in the house, inconvenient electrical connection and thin plastic. These disadvantages do not allow Tver to rise higher, despite the high degree of purification.

7. Station Ital BIO

Biological treatment plant with large volume and rigid body. Great for difficult ground. Differs in a simple design and does not cause problems when using.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Plast-Service
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: uniform polypropylene 8 mm thick
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• The price is high
• Alarm: not provided, optional
• Service: calling a vacuum truck every one and a half to two years, calling a service engineer once every six months
• Warranty: 5 years for body and 1 year for hardware

Advantages of Ital BIO:

• The special layout of the chambers makes it possible to maintain the temperature in the aeration tank that is optimal for cleaning.
• There is an additional chamber for anaerobic cleaning, and, as a result, more volume and better quality of cleaning, more volley discharge.
• Body-cylinder with grousers. Suitable for clayey heaving soils and for high groundwater.
• All models have two outlets, gravity and forced. The method of drainage is selected locally, depending on the type of soil and the height of groundwater.
• All overflows are self-flowing and do not clog.
• Reliable device: single-mode station, with 1 compressor.

What is important to consider:

• The nozzles are made in production, so it is important to accurately determine the depth of the pipe supply during the measurement.
• An alarm is not provided and is optional, for an additional fee.
• Ital BIO is more expensive than the top septic tanks BioDeca, Topas, Unilos Astra.
• For pumping out, it is necessary to call a vacuum truck, respectively, there must be an entrance of a vacuum truck to the station for 30 meters.
• For flushing airlifts, checking equipment and aeration settings, it is better to call a Zagorod service engineer. These are additional expenses.

• For any soil and any level of groundwater.
• For those who are willing to pay for pumping out with a cesspool machine and for after-sales service.

Findings:

The station is durable, has a large volume and volley discharge. There are two taps at once, gravity and forced. These are all pluses. But the station is expensive to maintain - you need to call both a sewer and a service engineer from our company. Sewerage Ital BIO is quite expensive, but it does not provide, for example, an alarm. We install it additionally, while the system itself, the lamp and the float, are offered free of charge in our company as a bonus to the purchase.

6. Unilos Astra Station

It is a station with a polypropylene body, suitable for any type of soil and water table. SBM-Group is a major manufacturer of wastewater treatment plants. The production is located in the Yaroslavl region, in the city of Uglich, and there are warehouses in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg (in the same cities where the branches of the Zagorod company are located, we ship septic tanks directly from the manufacturers' warehouses).

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: SBM-group
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: 15mm integrally foamed polypropylene
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: LED lamp on the lid and float in the first chamber, not included, a gift from our company

Why buy:

• The body is made of expanded polypropylene, it is durable and with good thermal insulation.
• There is a receiving chamber for averaging drains.
• No need to call a vacuum cleaner for service. For self-pumping 1 time in 3 months there is a service airlift. For full service, a service engineer is called in, who is easier to communicate with than a vacuum truck.

What to consider:

• The building, like that of the Topas station, is rectangular. Accordingly, the risk of deformation is higher, although if the station is not left empty after pumping, it will not suffer.
• The body is welded by hand (extruder) from 4 sheets of polypropylene. The soil presses unevenly and tension arises on the ribs.
• There are no lugs, although, as in the case of Topas, this is not critical. The filled station is stable in the ground.
• The operating modes are switched through a solenoid valve. It is sensitive to power surges, therefore, when installing the station, a stabilizer is installed in the house. This increases the cost of installation, but without it, the manufacturer does not give a guarantee for electrical equipment.
• The drain is pumped by airlifts, and blockages for Astra are a frequent occurrence.
• There are maintenance issues. The nozzles on the distributor are metal, and in order to remove the hoses, they must first be heated with a hot air gun. In general, you can do the maintenance yourself, but this requires skills and expensive equipment (building hair dryer, Karcher).

• For all ground conditions and for any type of residence.
• For situations in which it is impossible or undesirable to be serviced by a vacuum truck (there is no access for a vacuum truck, you don’t want to spend time and money on this).
• For those who are ready to pay for a voltage stabilizer (about 10 thousand rubles), so as not to have problems with the electrician in the future.

Findings:

Astra is a workhorse. If it is installed and used correctly, it works very well, cleans the drain well and does not break. But the electrician is still not very unreliable, you need a voltage stabilizer, and this is another 2,500 to 10,000 rubles to the price. There are no lugs on the body, and the airlifts periodically become clogged. All this throws Astra to 5th place in the ranking.

5. Station Topas-S

It differs from the standard Topas in that it has one compressor with a solenoid valve, and not two compressors working alternately. The electrical circuit is the same as in the Unilos Astra and Volgar stations. But in some respects Topas-S is better.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Topol-Eco
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: integrally foamed polypropylene
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• The price is high
• Alarm: lamp and float switch, not included
• Maintenance: independent pumping of sludge 1 time in 3-4 months, call a service engineer 1 time in six months
• Warranty: 5 years for body, 2 years for hardware, and 1 year for solenoid valve.

Why buy Topas-S:

• Housing made of foamed polypropylene with high thermal insulation. Such a body will not squeeze during frosty heaving of the soil, the water in the septic tank will not freeze in winter.
• The case, like that of the standard Topas, is made using a special technology, from two sheets bent and welded to the full thickness. There are no seams on the ribs and therefore higher strength.
• Purified water can be drained to open ground, without soil post-treatment. The degree of purification in Topas-S reaches 98%.
• Suitable for installation in any soil. There are no lugs on the body, but the station is quite heavy and does not float up unless left empty.
• It is serviced independently or by a service engineer of the Zagorod company. You don't need to call an attendant.

Things to consider:

• A box-shaped body is more susceptible to crushing than a cylindrical body, although field experience indicates that the risk is minimal.
• A voltage stabilizer is not required and is not a condition of the warranty, but its installation is recommended.
• The phases are switched using a float switch. Hair and other insoluble debris can wrap around it, and the operation of the station will be disrupted. It is important to maintain the septic tank and remove the garbage on time (at least once every 6 months).
• The septic tank is heavy. For installation of models for 8-10 users and more, an excavator and a manipulator are rented, installation costs increase. At the same time, an entrance for special equipment is needed, the landscape of the site may suffer.

• For any soil (clay soil, quicksand, high groundwater level).
• If DIY service or with the help of a service engineer is preferable.

Findings:

Topas-S has one compressor and two modes of operation, as in Astra. But for Topas-S, a voltage stabilizer is not a guarantee condition. It turns out that with the same characteristics, Topas-S is more reliable than Astra. To this we must add an improved technology for manufacturing the case. We take all this into account and put the Topas-S station in 5th place.

4. Volgar station

The biological treatment plant Volgar was designed on the basis of the stations Topas, BioDeca, Unilos Astra. The station is relatively new, but is already actively sold and receives feedback from the owners. When creating the Volgar, the best was taken from other aeration septic tanks, but it also has its own advantages.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Volgar76
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: homogeneous polypropylene
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: average
• Alarms: flashing strobe lights and float sensor included
• Maintenance: independent pumping of sludge 1 time in 3-4 months, call a service engineer 1 time in six months
• Warranty: 3 years for chassis, 1 year for hardware (electrical only if voltage stabilizer is installed)

Advantages of the Volgar station:

• The cylindrical body is not afraid of being crushed by the ground.
• The station is relatively light and is mounted manually, saving money, special equipment does not spoil the landscape of the site.
• Grousers are made on the body, so the station can be installed in high groundwater.
• Emergency signaling with pulse strobe lamps. It is important that the alarm is already included.
• The instrument compartment is easily unscrewed for easy maintenance.

Things to keep in mind:

• Volgar is a station with 2 modes of operation and 1 compressor. The phases are switched through a solenoid valve, which is sensitive to voltage drops. It is imperative to install a voltage stabilizer, as for the Unilos Astra station.

• If the site is clay, high groundwater or quicksand.
• If there is a desire to save on installation and not overpay for the rental of special equipment and for sand (it requires more when installing with an excavator).
• If the customer does not want to deal with the sewers and prefers to pump out the septic tank himself or with the help of a service engineer. Also in cases where it is impossible to ensure the access of the sewer truck to the septic tank at the required distance (20-30 meters).
• Also, if you want to install the station manually, without special equipment.

Findings:

Volgar, like Topas and Astra, is a dual-mode station, but it has a cylindrical body and has lugs. In addition, an alarm is supplied with the station. These are xenon strobe lamps with a pulsed signal (up to 60 flashes per minute). Such a signal is visible even in winter through the snow. Due to these advantages, Volgar takes the 4th place.

And now the top three!

He was one of the first on the Russian market and still remains the best-selling. Topas septic tank is produced by Topol-Eco. The company has a large production capacity and annually produces more than 20,000 pieces of equipment. The advantage of Topol-Eco is that it makes polypropylene sheets for its septic tanks. Other manufacturers usually purchase material and cannot control the quality of its manufacture.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Topol-Eco
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: 15mm integrally foamed polypropylene
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• The price is high
• Alarm: a lamp on the lid and a float in the receiving chamber, purchased separately and installed during installation (from the company Zagorod alarm as a gift).
• Maintenance: independent pumping of sludge 1 time in 3-4 months, call a service engineer 1 time in six months
• Warranty: 5 years for the body, for technological equipment (aeration elements, airlifts) and for electrics (compressors, pump in forced models)

Why buy:

• The body is made of integrally foamed, three-layer polypropylene. The intermediate layer is porous and holds heat well.
• In the manufacture of the case, 2 sheets of polypropylene are used, which are bent and welded on the machine to the full thickness. This is more reliable than manually welding the case from several polypropylene sheets.
• The effluent is treated to 98% BOD5 (indicator of organic content at the outlet of the station) and is discharged to the ground without additional treatment.

What to consider:

• The body has the shape of a parallelepiped, so the pressure of the soil on it is distributed unevenly. Higher probability of deformation under strong pressure from the outside (soil) or from the inside (water).
• Topas has no lugs, which, theoretically, reduces its stability. In fact, a filled septic tank is quite heavy and, when used correctly, it is stable in the ground.
• Topas is a heavy septic tank. Models 8 and above are already mounted with an excavator and a manipulator.

• For cottages and country houses, regardless of the type of soil and the level of groundwater on the site.
• For any mode of residence - all year round, seasonally or on short trips.

Findings:

Topas is a time-tested biotreatment station, with a reliable design, with a chamber for averaging wastewater. We definitely recommend this station. The disadvantages include 2 operating modes, lack of lugs, relatively high cost. These are not critical shortcomings, but such stations as BioDeca and Genesis do not have them. Therefore, Topas has only 3rd place.

2. Station BioDeca

One of the most popular and certainly one of the most reliable bioremediation stations. The manufacturer tried to make the station as simple as possible, but at the same time durable and efficient. Wastewater is 98% purified and discharged directly into the ditch.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Deca
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: Integral expanded polypropylene from 8 mm thick (3 and 5 person models) to 10 mm thick (8 person models and above)
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: average
• Alarm: lamp and float switch already included.
• Maintenance: independent pumping of sludge 1 time in 3-4 months, call a service engineer 1 time in 6 months
• Warranty: 5 years for the body and all equipment (subject to timely maintenance)

BioDeca Benefits:

• Cylinder-shaped body, resistant to heavy loads.
• There are lugs on the body for greater stability. They make the station suitable for installation in high groundwater.
• The filter of rough fractions with openings from above and with blowing from below upwards, the station is well protected from blockages.
• One compressor and one mode of operation: a simple and reliable solution, no voltage stabilizer is needed.
• The station comes with a special kit that allows you to quickly convert the station from gravity to forced. This is very convenient if the conditions on the site have changed (groundwater has increased, the neighbors have filled up the ditch and made gravity drainage impossible).
• The company gives an extended 5-year warranty for the body, electrics and process equipment when serviced by an authorized dealer (Zagorod company).

What to consider:

• · Due to the cylindrical body, the volume of the BioDeca is less than that of stations with a rectangular body (for example, than the station Unilos Astra). This is not critical, but with a large estimated volume of effluents, this nuance should be borne in mind.
• BioDeck has one operating mode, the compressor distributes air to all airlifts, which means that it is more powerful (consumes more electricity) and noisier than the compressor, for example, in Astra, in which air is supplied in two modes and the compressor performance may be less . This is important if you save electricity and, moreover, do not want to hear how the sewer works all the time.

• For flooded and/or clayey soils.
• For any type of accommodation (permanently, seasonally or short-term).
• If there is no certainty that the conditions on the site will not change and the branch will not have to be redone.

Findings:

BioDeca and Topas are the most famous and sought-after septic tanks. But do we put BioDeca on the line above Topas? Why? Firstly, the BioDeca has a more successful body design, it is cylindrical and with lugs. Secondly, BioDeck has one mode, which increases reliability. And, thirdly, BioDeca, with all the advantages, is simply cheaper.

1. Station Genesis

Genesis is the most modern aeration station. It incorporates the best of other bioremediation plants and at the same time has features that its competitors do not have.

Characteristics:

• Manufacturer: Deca
• Type: biological treatment plant
• Material: 10mm integrally foamed polypropylene
• The degree of purification on a five-point scale: 5 points
• Price: very high
• Alarm: GSM module with SIM card included.
• Service: pumping out sludge with a service airlift or calling a service engineer once every 8 months
• Warranty: 5 years for body and all hardware, same as BioDeca

At Genesis Station:

• The body is reinforced with ring bandages. Wall thickness - 10 mm. This is more than other stations made of polypropylene. That is, the Genesis septic tank has the most durable case.
• Grousers provided. They prevent groundwater from pushing the station out.
• There is an additional expansion chamber that accepts excess waste volume. Due to this, Genesis has the largest salvo discharge.
• The coarse fraction filter has a special design. It is completely protected from debris.
• There is a narrow sloping overflow between the aeration tank and the secondary clarifier. This is an additional protection against clogging.
• An alarm system with a GSM module is installed. A SIM card is inserted into the module and when the station is flooded or power is cut off, the owner receives an SMS notification.
• The longest warranty on the market is 5 years for the body and all hardware.

What to consider:

• The Genesis septic tank is one of the most expensive on the market, although its high level of cleaning and reliability completely pays off its cost.
• The station is not 100% protected from blockages, despite the special filter of coarse fractions.
• Genesis has a powerful compressor that makes noise. But at a distance of 2-3 meters is no longer felt.

• Those who have high groundwater, quicksand or clay in their suburban area.
• Those who live on the site seasonally or on short trips and cannot constantly monitor the sewerage. The station itself notifies the owner about the problem.

findings

A long warranty, the most durable case, one mode of operation, protection of the main airlift from clogging - these are the real advantages of the Genesis station. In addition, it also has an alarm with a GSM module, which allows you to control the station remotely. The only negative is the high cost, but with such advantages, it is fully justified. Remember the station Kolo Vesi. It costs the same as the Genesis, but is on the other end of the rankings.

General results

So, we briefly told you about the top sewer systems, described the advantages and disadvantages, and gave advice on selection. On our website you can learn more about all these devices in the sections Septic tanks and Biological treatment stations. But we recommend that you immediately call our company and order a quality septic tank:

• In installments for six months with a down payment of 0% and with an overpayment of 0%.
• With an official manufacturer's warranty for equipment (septic tank housing, electrics, process equipment).
• With turnkey installation in 1 working day (7-8 hours). The quality of all installations is controlled.
• With a guarantee for installation work from our organization.

The central office of the Zagorod company is located in St. Petersburg, but we also work for you in Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Pskov and Veliky Novgorod.

RUB 71,300

Availability: yes

RUB 75,960

RUB 84,400

In order not to be mistaken with the choice of a septic tank for arranging an autonomous sewage system of a country house, it is necessary to approach the issue in a comprehensive manner. It is not enough to focus only on the cost of the product and the beliefs of the sales assistant.

For example, for a house of permanent residence and a summer residence, completely different septic tanks are needed. It is necessary to take into account other nuances - the number of people permanently living in the house, the type and composition of the soil, the level of groundwater.

For all these points, you can find a lot of scattered information on the Internet. But, unfortunately, most sources provide the user with unsubstantiated data, which is not clear how to navigate. Moreover, information is often twisted and presented in the wrong place (or vice versa - to models from a specific manufacturer), which further confuses the user.

The purpose of this material is to give the reader the most complete understanding of the principles by which a septic tank is selected for a private house with permanent and temporary residence, taking into account a number of important factors.

Differences between a septic tank for a house with permanent and temporary residence

At the very beginning, you should learn how the sewerage of a country house, in which they live permanently, fundamentally differs from the country option. This will greatly simplify the understanding of the information provided below.

Autonomous sewerage (septic tank) for a permanent residence:

• Accepts and processes household drains constantly.
• Should have a volume with a certain margin.
• It has a capacity sufficient to process constantly discharged wastewater.
• Without any problems, it can be connected to a stable power supply.
• Serviced, for obvious reasons, more often.
• Directly affects the comfort of residents (should not be a source of unpleasant odors on the site).
• It works all year round, including the winter period with negative temperatures.

Autonomous sewerage (septic tank) of a country or temporary country house:

• Accepts and recycles household waste infrequently.
• Has a small volume.
• Doesn't have high performance.
• In the absence of residents, it can be left without power.
• Rarely serviced.
• Doesn't really affect comfort.
• It works mainly in the summer, while it is preserved for the winter.

Focusing already on these points, you can roughly imagine what kind of septic tank is needed for a permanent residence and a temporary dacha.

Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house

Regardless of different conditions and situations, as well as manufacturers, brands, models and modifications, all septic tanks have a number of fundamental differences, which should be criteria for the user when choosing. Knowing these features, and being in certain conditions, one can already hope that the choice in favor of any product will turn out to be correct according to the result.

General criteria for choosing a septic tank:

1. Body material.
2. The volume of the receiving chamber.
3. Performance.
4. Energy dependence.
5. Layout.

Each of these selection criteria is discussed in detail below.

Choosing the type of septic tank

All products for arranging autonomous sewers in country houses are divided into three large categories. Among themselves, they differ in device, principle of operation, size, frequency of service and, of course, price.

Types of septic tanks:

• Storage tank.
• Septic tank with soil treatment.
• Biological treatment station.

storage tank is a modern alternative to the previously used cesspools. It is a sealed container of a fairly large size. It does not have any built-in equipment and division into compartments. Discharged wastewater is not recycled, but simply accumulated.

Beneficial only for its relatively low cost. The rest are just shortcomings. However, this option is great for rarely visited country houses.. Again, it is completely non-volatile (unless a fill sensor is used). In the case of a permanent residence, the storage tank will take up a lot of space, require frequent pumping, and may smell unpleasant.

Septic tank with soil aftertreatment- this is a container divided into several (at least two) compartments, and supplemented with a soil filtration system. The principle of operation is the following. Drains from the house are discharged from the storage compartment, where they are separated into solid fractions (precipitate) and liquid. As it fills, the wastewater flows through the bypass manifold into the next compartment, where it is partially clarified due to the vital activity of anaerobic bacteria (which do not need oxygen).

As a result of such processing, domestic wastewater is cleaned by only 45-55%. Therefore, from the septic tank, they must be discharged into a filtration field or into a drainage well. From there, the liquid gradually goes into the soil, is filtered, and enters the groundwater. Alternatively, partially clarified effluents can be pumped out with sewage equipment.

A septic tank with soil aftertreatment is quite suitable for use as a sewer at home with both permanent and temporaryaccommodation.

There is only one significant nuance. Soil post-treatment is possible only in cases where the site has an appropriate soil composition and groundwater level. If the liquid cannot go into the soil (hard clay, high GWL), then the sewer will only have to be pumped out.

Biological treatment station- complex equipment for the reception, processing and disposal of wastewater. In the classic version, it is a container of small (comparatively) dimensions, divided into four compartments, interconnected by bypass pipes in a certain sequence. It is completed with the compressor for supply of atmospheric air.

The principle of operation is the following. Effluent enters the receiving chamber, where large fractions are crushed, the contents are separated into liquid and insoluble sediment. In most models, already at this stage, the contents are forced to be saturated with atmospheric air, which contributes to the reproduction and vital activity of aerobic bacteria.

In automatic mode, wastewater from the receiving chamber is pumped to the next compartment, where it is also saturated with oxygen and clarified. The remaining two compartments - one for insoluble sludge, the other - a sump. The accumulated sludge is removed manually during station service. In the sump, the wastewater is finally clarified to 90-95%, from where it can be discharged into a drainage ditch or used for irrigation of agricultural plants.

Biological treatment plant is not suitable for temporary residences. First, its performance will not be justified. Second, she's expensive. Thirdly, its functioning requires uninterrupted electrification, which cannot be achieved without the presence of residents.

For a permanent home - this is the most modern and profitable option. It takes up little space, cleans the drains almost to the state of clean water, does not smell, does not need the services of sewage equipment.

Depending on the composition of the soil and the level of groundwater, the required performance and layout, an appropriate modification can be selected from almost any manufacturer.

Material of the septic tank

No type of material from which septic tanks are made can be called bad. Therefore, this is short. Septic tanks are:

• Fiberglass - durable, but expensive.
• Polypropylene - light, inexpensive, but fragile (require accuracy during installation).
• Polyethylene - light, inexpensive and elastic (the wall thickness must be correctly selected).
• Concrete - durable and resistant to seasonal soil movements, difficult to install, cracks and leaks at the seams may appear over time.

In the context of the topic under consideration, this parameter plays practically no important role, therefore, when choosing, you can focus only on the price.

The volume and performance of the septic tank

Autonomous sewerage based on storage tanks should have such a volume that it does not have to be pumped out unreasonably often. As for biological treatment plants, their volume and performance can be easily selected according to the number of people permanently residing in the house. The corresponding figure is often indicated directly in the model names.

If this is not enough, then you can focus on the average daily rate of water consumption by one person permanently living in the house. It is 200 liters or 0.2 m 3. To calculate the required volume or performance, this figure is multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house. It would also not be out of place to take into account a possible increase in the load on the sewer in the future - for example, if guests arrive or a bathhouse is built on the site.

At the sight of a figure of 200 liters per day, many users (often men) are perplexed, since such an expense seems too exaggerated. However, this is an average norm with a certain margin. Today you just washed your hands a couple of times and took a shower. And tomorrow the dishes are washed, and the wet cleaning in the house, and the washing machine is working, and the guests have arrived.

Energy dependence of a septic tank

This question has already been partially addressed, so let's just summarize:

• For a home with permanent residence, you can choose a volatile septic tank.
• For a temporary home or cottage - it is recommended to give preference in favor of non-volatile options.

In some cases, the home of permanent residence is located on sites where there are regular power outages. If these interruptions occur on average no longer than 3-4 hours, then there is nothing to worry about (aerobic bacteria will not die during this time). If the interruptions are longer, then you need to take care of either the generator, or stop at non-volatile models.

Septic tank layout

In this regard, two criteria should be taken into account. Firstly, it is the height of groundwater. If in the spring the water in the soil rises above two meters, then septic tanks should be considered with a horizontal arrangement, which allows you not to dig a deep pit for installation. You should also pay attention to the system of removal of clarified effluents. At high GWL, a pump for forced pumping may be required.

Secondly - the remoteness of the septic tank from the house. The greater this distance, the lower the central sewer pipe will go to the receiver. Accordingly, the suction pipe must be at a suitable height.

After reviewing the information provided, it is already possible with more confidence to choose a septic tank for a country house, both with permanent residence and with temporary residence. The remaining parameters and characteristics of the cleaning equipment available on the market are secondary, and the result will not be affected as significantly as described above.

rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And now the moment has come when the relief of the site is planned, the dream house is built of reliable material, it remains to complete a couple of moments related to convenience and nature ... proper solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewage system or a septic tank, which will allow you to purify wastewater and save the environment. Therefore, the only way out is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewer and fecal matter into almost pure water and harmless sludge. Los or septic tank is better to choose for a country house? But what is the best septic tank or los? What suits me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of septic tanks look like volatile or non-volatile? This is probably one of the most difficult questions when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a site or materials, which of the offered on the market is the most reliable and of high quality. I want to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for you. Understand which quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

History of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when in a private house everyone was satisfied with a "birdhouse" on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in the country, requires the presence of a normal toilet and, at least, a shower. And in the house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition a lot of household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private house must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of a method for processing wastewater. Since the correct selection and subsequent disposal of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

Article about the best /

What will we get from this article? - MAXIMUM in order to choose a septic tank / los. We will also pay attention to the definitions, principles of operation of various treatment plants, the most popular and efficient models. We will determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or garden. And what characteristics should be considered when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing the best sewerage solution for yourself.

Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world there is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make the right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, you understand how many of them, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - we will completely determine what is what? Since many people confuse the name of a septic tank with an autonomous sewer.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for home and garden will be your own. Let's start with the simplest - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (fr. réserve from lat. reservare - save), designed to accumulate household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to save the ecological environment on your and neighboring site. The storage tank does not process or treat wastewater from the sewer.

• Drains come to the storage tank, from where they are periodically pumped out by a sewage machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a tank and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed to treat household wastewater from the sewer. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

• The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, where sewage from the house enters.
• The second part of the septic tank is a structure (filtration field or soil post-treatment) of perforated pipes laid on a layer of rubble.

The first part of the septic tank, or receiving chamber, can be made of many materials, but we would talk about this in the next article. He will also talk about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This facility is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment take place. The whole complex of measures in VOC allows for complete and reliable treatment with a degree of 98%, which allows you to reuse treated wastewater from VOC. It can be used to water plants, wash a car, or simply dump it into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation enters the operating mode (when the colony of bacteria multiplies in sufficient numbers). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, you first need to know the following:

• GWL - groundwater level. GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it should also be taken into account that the GWL is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in spring, snow melts, at which GWL increases, while in winter it decreases.
• Availability of water protection facilities/zones — a limited regime for the implementation of any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
• The area under the septic tank / los - the size of the site that you are ready to give for the organization of wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for wastewater treatment in and

Why are they and why do we write about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere and everywhere, but here you can’t do without them. Let's take a closer look at what and how bacteria form in a septic tank or VOC for (all-weather) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Proper operation and conditions for bacteria will ensure the reliable operation of the VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

Waste enters the septic tank, there is a reaction of their decomposition and the formation of bacteria. They form and need a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are airtight and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process with these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply clarification of wastewater.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently cleaned and is not industrial water. In order to dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in the case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used / equipped.

Aerobic bacteria for

In they are formed in the aerotank chamber. This is a special reservoir or structure located after the preliminary settling tank, in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pretreated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment takes place. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the vital activity and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists in the separation of natural waste into components. This type of bacteria is the most effective, because it quickly affects biological substances.

• Activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen to function normally. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg / dm³, quite satisfactory - 0.5 mg / dm³ of dissolved oxygen.
• The maximum cleaning percentage for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
• The maximum percentage of cleaning with aerobic bacteria is 98%.

PRINCIPLE OF WORK or how it works:, or.

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how the processes and work in the septic tank and /. Effluent through a pipeline or sewer enters the septic tank or. The principles of operation of all cleaning systems consists of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of cleaning and is not recommended by law and regulations for discharge into the ground. First of all, let's analyze the information about the septic tank ...

The septic tank is a "beta" version of the on-site treatment plant. To begin with, how does the process of cleaning in a septic tank.

• After the effluent enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary treatment of wastewater. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, the heavy fractions settle to the bottom, the fat floats up and the effluents are clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
• After the first stage, the degree of purification is not enough to be able to safely discharge effluents into the ground. It is not technical and does not meet standards and regulations. Water needs additional treatment, for this event it is necessary to make the outlet of settled effluents for soil post-treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater gets the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of - 90%.

These cycles are several stages of cleaning, which is why the container consists of several parts / compartments. Effluent from the sewer enters the VOC, which mainly consists of 3 parts.

• First compartment or pre-sump. It has a mechanical / anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and an autonomous sewer. Similarly - like the first stage in the septic tank. Effluent flows into the second compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
• The second compartment or aerotank. A biological / aerobic cleaning method takes place in it. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, as a result, biological decomposition of organic matter occurs. For the formation of beneficial microorganisms, pumps or compressors are used. Effluent flows into the third compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
• The third compartment or secondary sump. Here the last stage of cleaning takes place - the remains of organic matter turn into silt and settle to the bottom. Process water with a degree of 98% purification comes out of the secondary chamber. This water is suitable for watering the garden or discharge into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

• Septic tank - degree of purification 90%
• VOC - degree of purification 98%

WHO WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and purposes for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block, you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence, and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe VOCs.

A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house in which 2-3 people live, and even then not in all cases, since they do not process wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or summer cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all solutions for the removal of sewage. Given the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal volume of the tank.

Service

There is only one storage tank service and it is quite simple. In order to implement it, it is necessary to call a sewage treatment machine for waste water, and pump out wastewater from the storage tank when it is full.

First of all, a septic tank for a house with a filtration field is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal living. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses (all-weather) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil cleaning (filtration field), taking into account laws and regulations. As well as the low level of groundwater, is the main factor in the choice of existing options for the removal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drain pipes).

Filter field

The main visual differences between the storage tank and the septic tank are an additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a gravel layer on which wastewater is treated. The soil is the recipient of treated wastewater. In the case of a high groundwater level, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment plant should be placed higher and installed in an embankment.

At the moment, it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a house, a summer residence or a cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, to install a deep biological treatment station, a fairly small amount of space is required compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank, there is no need to organize filtration fields and other technical solutions. It is only required to divert the treated effluents into the ground, ditch or water body.

Cleaning degree

VOC is a modern facility for wastewater treatment with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be applied and will fit any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filtration fields in the embankment are applied. But these are unique cases that allow organizing the absorption of treated effluents into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly match the los for your needs. But it is necessary to properly understand the processes inside the plant, since some deep biological treatment plants require a constant supply of effluent. Therefore, in LOS Delfin everything is implemented by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES:, or.

All systems are designed to treat wastewater after a house or a summer residence, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative one in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of the use of a particular cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected flow volumes, therefore, when buying, it is necessary to take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary residence it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial costs. When it comes to a septic tank for a permanent stay, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

RATING: Description of the top IMPORT (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

This article will be a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers / VOCs on the territory of the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or in Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market today, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, it is also necessary to build on not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. Comparing septic tanks for the home with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...

Since at present there are many varieties of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in varieties, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worthwhile to clearly analyze all the nuances and choose it according to the technical characteristics, quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production with. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a hermetic system for the biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.

Alta Bio

The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has been a leader in the market.

Tver

Produce stations relatively recently compared to all. But they have good reviews and design features from analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to minimally include their customers in the service.

UNILOS ASTRA

SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for objects of various types.

EUROBION

In 2005, the group of companies "National Ecological Project" was established. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

External view of VOC and Septic tank

Appearance sometimes in this version can tell a lot. How the station will feel depending on the ground conditions.

VOC PRO from Delfin (Delfin)

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC by Alta Bio

LOS Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

LOS EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewerage DELFIN PRO6

Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting drains and unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Pre-sump

Processes: Effluent accumulation, preliminary treatment and settling of effluents (heavy fraction sedimentation).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR Technology

Processes: Active treatment of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd chamber

Secondary clarifier

Processes: Secondary settling of treated effluents before discharge from the station.

The process of deep biological treatment in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /LOS occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aerotank, secondary settling tank) without stopping the recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in the event of a power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous Sewerage PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

• VOC No flooding
• Stable work of drains
• No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

- This is a treatment plant built according to a four-chamber scheme. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another does not occur by gravity, but with the help of an airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. A power outage blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant drawback that outweighs the very deep sewage treatment (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the supply of electricity is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

receiving chamber

Waste water enters the receiving chamber. In contrast to the "classical installations" in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator for mixing the drain and saturating it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is switched on when the level of flow in it drops to the operating minimum. Due to this, instead of settling and decaying the sediment, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the molecules of organic compounds decompose under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. coarse filter Small particles of impurities mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts wastewater through the pipe and pumps it into the aerotank-reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with a small capacity and, unlike other types of pumps, without high electricity costs and power surges caused by pump start-up. float switch To switch the Topas operating modes, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with sewage, the float rises and the first compressor is turned on. It supplies compressed air to:

When the flow level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float drops and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from the aeration tank to the stabilizer sump,
• airlift removal of fatty film in the secondary clarifier,
• aeration in the secondary clarifier.

Aerotank-reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment by activated sludge microorganisms takes place. Due to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with atmospheric oxygen. In the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles are combined into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds for respiration - nitrates, reducing them to nitrites and further to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification is the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary clarifier

A chamber shaped like a truncated inverted pyramid and located in the aerotank-reactor. In the sump, sludge is deposited, which returns to the aeration tank through the hole at the bottom. Additionally, a mixture of water and sludge is supplied from the aerotank-reactor to the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This speeds up the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aerotank by an airlift built into the pyramid. The treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through the outlet in the unit housing or is collected in a forced ejection tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aerotank-reactor, which, in the settling phase in the aerotank, is pumped with the help of an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizing sump (G). This is the smallest chamber in which the accumulation and mineralization of sludge takes place. Through the existing hole in the upper part, the clarified sludge water enters the receiving chamber back, thus closing the process of internal circulation. A standard air-lift pump for pumping out sludge is installed in the stabilizer sump. This pump is muffled and the air supplied to it produces agitation of the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; in order to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping is required to be done once a quarter. It is possible to pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (fecal) pump for contaminated water.

The principle of operation of autonomous sewage Alta Bio

At the heart of each autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. It breaks down most organic waste. To date, there are a large number of various autonomous sewers. Alta Group offers a more advanced design, which is a complete water purification system from waste.

Two stages of water purification in Alta Bio autonomous sewerage:

The first stage of wastewater treatment is the sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber sump. The sump (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows flow. The overflows are located in such a way that the wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third - 25% of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the sump is designed for two days of waste processing.

The second stage of wastewater treatment

Post-treatment in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the sump, clarified wastewater is pumped to the upper part of the station with the help of a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of ​​the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the feed material.

Autonomous sewerage for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate normally, but as a normal septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will go into operation.

Brief description and scope of the Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is designed for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used for arranging sewerage in summer cottages, cottages or other types of suburban structures. Often, septic tanks are installed in country cafes, restaurants or eateries.

The design and principle of operation of the septic tank Tver

The tank is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

• septic. This is where the effluent enters in the first place, and it is here that the main processes of sedimentation of insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them pass into the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
• anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber on the route of wastewater is the aerotank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Burnt expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the claydite load, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the effluent are mechanically destroyed in the process of passing through the structural elements of the chamber (ruffs) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the vital activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - the process takes place here effluent fermentation;
• aeration tank. In this chamber there is an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
• sump. Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspensions, which has a positive effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
• aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously take place in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that are part of the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are characterized by high toxicity. In the aerobic bioreactor, as well as in the second chamber, there is a brush load. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor, a layer of dolomite crushed stone is placed, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps to remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary sedimentation tank, where the dead biofilm is retained, then the effluents are discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
• settler-calmifier. In this chamber, the liquid is additionally clarified by natural precipitation of heavier inclusions, and only after that the water purified by 95-98% leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, floats with chlorine-containing reagents are installed in this chamber, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank has a small weight and rather thin walls, this cannot be attributed to pluses or minuses. These factors make it easy to install, and the thin walls are made of high quality polypropylene. Under the influence of large loads, they can bend, but do not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor (Uponor)

The WehoPuts onsite treatment plant is a biochemical type treatment plant for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed to treat wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. The calculation uses a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for the complete biochemical treatment of domestic wastewater. Those. after passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, moreover, their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The principle of operation of such stations is as follows:

• effluents flow by gravity into the receiving chamber (sump), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious pollution as completely as possible;
• further, the effluents enter the process tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes are actively taking place). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
• at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the drains in portions, which contributes to the precipitation of fine suspensions. He is also responsible for the binding of phosphorus compounds;
• after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same treatment quality indicators; containers are strong and durable; products are accompanied by all necessary documents, easy to operate. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Uponor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

LOS Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from a Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Complies with all sanitary requirements. It consists of a single container in which the following processes take place:

• preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the sump;
• in the next tank, the effluents are aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
• then a floating reagent is added to the drains (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
• excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
• treated effluent is pumped to a sampling well

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment plant for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, a private house or a whole group of houses. Given the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often discount for the purchase of one powerful installation, which is mounted with the expectation of several families. Of the advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Among the disadvantages: relatively slow operation, high price. The body of the septic tank is divided into four sections: the receiving compartment, the aeration tank, the settling section and the system for discharging treated water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where they are prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air that occurs during the operation of the air installed in a special compartment (I). compressor. Then, uniformly mixed effluent through a coarse filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-decomposable contaminants from passing further, is pumped by the main pump into the aerotank chamber (B).

Aerotank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut-pump) principle, where pumping is carried out by supplying air to a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. consisting of different types of microorganisms, which in the process of life decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aerotank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary clarifier

After the aeration tank, the mixture of treated effluents and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the action of gravity, and the clarified treated effluents, which are technically pure water, enter the outlet of the station (3). Between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary clarifier, a grease film trap (grease trap) is installed, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary clarifier back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

The sludge settled on the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped out to the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until it is removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber, depending on the level of effluents in the latter.

Eurobion working principle

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms to use wastewater pollutants as food in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen. Below is the technological scheme of the Eurobion deep biological treatment plant.

Reception aerotank

Effluent flows through the inlet sewer pipe (1) to the receiving aerotank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element "POLIATR" (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with atmospheric oxygen takes place - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - the biomass of microorganisms that process pollution.

Primary aerobic clarifier

Partially treated effluents pass through two openings in the intermediate bottom (4) and enter the upper zone of the primary aerobic clarifier (5). This zone is characterized by an increased concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the denitrification process is intensively going on, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen. Further, the effluents, as they move down, fall into the zone of aerobic sediment, where the processes of autoxidation and decomposition of hard-to-recycle pollutants take place. Part of the activated sludge flows through the overflow (6) into the lower part of the secondary sedimentation tank (10).

Secondary clarifier

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary clarifier and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological treatment is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the purification process in the secondary clarifier enters the biofilm degasser (14) and is destroyed by bubbling in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified effluent enters the tertiary clarifier installed directly in front of the AEROSPLOW (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of the treated effluent to the outlet of the installation. Purified wastewater up to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the plant, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of forced execution of the station.

AU BIOTANK

This series has proven to be absolutely unpretentious in operation and in practice maintenance free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require post-treatment in the ground. Advantages of this system: no post-treatment fields, no complex electronics, no problems in operation, quick access to the regime, not afraid of a temporary power outage, pure odorless water at the outlet.

The most modern station for deep biological treatment BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.

Firstly, the separation of septic tanks follows the shape of the hull, vertical and horizontal. Vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and productivity, is installed where there is no restriction on the area of ​​​​the pit.

For each of the two cases, modifications are also provided. with gravity water ejection, as well as with forced reset on the relief with a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF and ETC.

For the manufacture of the case, modern polymeric material is used. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by casting is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, performs the function of a receiver and a sump to separate undissolved inclusions. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier having a floating load covered with biofilm. In this compartment, the main purification process takes place, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonium nitrogen. To ensure the flow of chemical reactions, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber performs the functions of an additional sump, in which the medium is separated, the water is freed from residues that have formed during the purification process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which functions on the principle of a separator. Pure water (purified by 98%) is fed to the outlet.

ATTENTION THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS in 2018

• Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of cleaning if there are more or less users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
• During a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue cleaning and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
• The design of many autonomous sewers requires frequent and periodic service, repair and replacement of station components.
• A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of sewage and activated sludge.
• The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewage system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. volume poorly copes with large household waste and with volley discharge.
Alta BIO 7Tver 1 - PBiotank 6ASTRA 6biozone Energy consumption, kW/day0,32 0,90 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,44 1,44 3,00 Experience, years25 20 15 10 6 5 20 14 Warranty, years10 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 Service, in 1 year1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 Work without electricityYesYesNotNotYesNotNotNot Susceptibility to chemicals, garbage, food.NotNotYesYesYesYesYesYes MBBR cleaning technologiesYesNotNotNotNotNotNotNot The location of the controller insideNotNotYesYesNotYesYesYes Volley discharge, liters.660 500 250 270 250 250 280 260 Productivity in m3/day1,36 1,1 1,15 1,4 1,0 1,00 1,20 1,50 Recycling process (SNIP)YesNotNotNotNotNotNotNot Weight, kg220 210 200 200 165 130 210 220 Station formhorizontal rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangular Plant operability during a short-term power outageIn the event of a power outage, the station starts working as a conventional storage septic tank, which does not affect the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown.In the event of a power outage, the station starts working as a conventional storage septic tank, which does not affect the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown.
• Fully automatic station control with alarm system → very low power consumption
• Simple and fast installation
• Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage DELFIN for many years.

Basic parameters when choosing

Because all permanent residences are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It will not be so easy, because each station has its own zest. And how it has a positive effect, we will tell a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment plants so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or loss with a big guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.

insensitivity to chemicals, hair and small debris

Oddly enough, there are also stations at which there is a direct restriction on discharge into an autonomous sewer. It is clear that the station is not a trash can, but we will still take into account how these problems are solved. In some, they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer, but in others, unfortunately, having design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.

location of the controller

The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, its abrupt changes, humidity create a dew point, which can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their working conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials are especially dependent on environmental conditions, without which no electrical device can do. Under the influence of climate and even weather changes, these materials can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewer depends on

• Working mode
• Power of instruments and equipment

warranty

When buying a product or receiving any service, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this rubric we would like to simply rank the companies in descending order according to the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: ​​to repair and replace parts free of charge. This option guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

• breaking
• poor quality material
• defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.

In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewage line, the owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about whether to choose.

The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.

1. Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.

   

2. A septic tank with post-treatment carried out in the soil is a fairly simple option for treating wastewater. Such stations are formed by 1 or 2 reservoirs, in which large particles are deposited and pollutants are decomposed without oxygen. The degree of purification in anaerobic devices is not very high, water cannot be discharged into the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to equip a soil post-treatment stage, where the remnants of contaminants will linger in the filter bed.

   

3. A feature of biological aerobic treatment plants is an additional stage of wastewater treatment by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. To do this, a compressor is built into the septic tank, which pumps air.

   

   

Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.

There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.

Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use