We are building a septic tank. Sewerage outside the city - homemade septic tanks as an alternative to ready-made VOCs. The principle of operation of the treatment plant

A significant number of people dream of a country house. A modern home should be comfortable for living. One of the requirements for it is the presence of sewerage. To cope with this task allows the device of a septic tank for a private house.

What is a septic tank

In other words, a septic tank can be called an autonomous mini treatment plant that replaces a cesspool. This is a large volume container, consisting of several sections. It collects, settles and purifies wastewater used for economic and domestic needs.

Septic tanks are elements of local purification systems (LSO). With their help, the problem of sewerage in areas that do not have centralized water treatment systems is solved. The choice of LSO design depends on various factors. Among them:

• the volume of wastewater in need of treatment;
• landscape features of the site on which the sewerage is arranged;
• financial capabilities of owners of private housing construction.

The most primitive and cheapest version of a septic tank is a storage tank. It is a metal barrel dug into the ground. The collection of dirty drains into it occurs in the same way as at the cesspool. A more advanced version of the design distinguishes a metal barrel from the latter. It has a hermetically sealed lid, which limits the spill of sewage in the area and prevents the spread of unpleasant odors.

The disadvantage of the design include the need for constant monitoring of the level of the contents of the tank. For its pumping, a sewage machine is used. It makes sense to install storage tanks only in cottages that are not intended for permanent residence.

Types of septic tanks

According to the principle of sewage treatment, autonomous collections are divided into:

• accumulative;
• with soil filtration;
• with forced aeration.

When arranging LSO for a country house, they try to pick up a septic tank that has the ability to deeply clean wastewater. This eliminates the problem of pumping out the contents of storage tanks. Designs produced by the industry cannot produce complete wastewater treatment. Their post-treatment is carried out with the help of filtration fields.

The maximum degree of wastewater treatment can be achieved only in VOCs, the principle of operation of which is based on biological methods. Such structures are equipped with a forced aeration system. They must be connected to the electrical network.

Table 1. Types, advantages, disadvantages of septic tanks

In a country house intended for permanent residence, it will not be comfortable without a well-organized. The cesspool needs frequent access to the sewers, making life difficult for the residents. Many people don't like the thought of a septic tank that needs to be cleaned several times a year.

But a well-installed septic tank without pumping out is the best choice, which can serve for a very long time without requiring your intervention.

Types of septic tanks for a country house differ according to the principle of operation:

• Accumulative - sealed containers connected to the drain system coming from the house.
• Septic tanks with soil aftertreatment - consisting of several tank chambers, the last of which does not have a closed surface.
• Deep cleaning stations - are equipped in places where sanitary standards prohibit the discharge of poorly treated water.

How does a septic tank work

A septic tank without pumping for a private house or cottage is a structure in the ground.

It consists of:

• Several connected containers.
• Ventilation holes in each container.
• Airtight lids for each container.
• Pipes connecting septic tank containers.

Wastes enter the first chamber with a concrete bottom through the sewer pipe, settle, and the sediment sinks to the bottom, where they are gradually processed by anaerobic bacteria. Waste gradually decomposes and emits gas that escapes through the vents.

When the first chamber is filled with water up to the pipe connecting the chambers, the water flows into the second. If it is finite, then it does not have a solid bottom, if not, then it also has a concrete bottom, for settling a dense layer. From this compartment, water flows into the next. The open bottom of the last chamber rests on a cushion of rubble and sand, and the water goes into the ground.

Anaerobic bacteria process almost all organic waste, so a septic tank without pumping out may not need to be cleaned for 15 to 20 years.

It is also important to determine the volume of the septic tank. The standard for daily water consumption per person is 200 liters. The volume is calculated based on three days of continuous water use and. Accordingly, 4 people need a two-chamber septic tank, with a volume of 3 x 3 m each.

Choosing the materials of manufacture

It is possible to equip a septic tank on the site of a private house without pumping out of concrete, reinforced concrete rings, bricks or using special plastic containers. It should be noted that brick and plastic septic tanks will not ensure the operation of a septic tank for more than 10 to 20 years.

The arrangement technology is quite simple if you do everything according to the instructions.

We determine the place for bird

First you need to determine the location of the septic tank, taking into account the level of groundwater and sanitary standards.

• The septic tank should be located at a distance of 1 m from outbuildings and 5 - 7 from residential buildings.
• The septic tank should not be closer than 15 m from open water bodies and 50 m from the water well.
• Between the septic tank and the fence separating the plots, there should be a distance of 2 m.
• The septic tank should not be higher than the house or outbuildings.

Pit preparation

The construction of a septic tank begins with a foundation pit. A common volume of a septic tank is a pit of 8 cubic meters. m with dimensions 2x2x2 m.

Aligning the walls

If the septic tank will consist of plastic containers, they are installed in a pit on an already concreted bottom. In the last container, the bottom is removed and it is placed on a pillow of crushed stone and sand.

When building a brick septic tank:

• We prepare a pillow of crushed stone and sand, fill the bottom of the waste processing chambers with concrete and reinforce it.
• We lay out the area around the perimeter with bricks. At the same time, we connect with cement and finish the walls from all sides.
• In the last chamber, we do not concrete the bottom, and lay the bricks on the minimum amount of mortar. This contributes to the flow of purified water into the ground.

When arranging it using reinforced concrete rings:

• In the pits we make a pillow of crushed stone and sand. The bottom of the chambers, not counting the last one, is made of reinforced concrete.
• After it hardens, we install concrete rings, connecting them to the bottom, and to each other with concrete mortar.
• We make holes in the chambers for connecting pipes and ventilation. For the connecting pipe, a piece of large diameter PVC pipe is suitable. For ventilation, you can use the same pipes of small diameter. The joints between the pipes are reinforced with concrete.

When self-pouring concrete:

• Leveling the bottom.
• For each of them we prepare from sheets, scraps of a plastic sewer pipe. We make holes in the formwork to drain water. To do this, in the osb sheets, we cut out round holes for cutting pipes in increments of 0.3 m. To strengthen the osb along the perimeter of the sheet, after 0.5 m, we attach a beam to it with self-tapping screws. Ideally, make a collapsible formwork so that it can be rearranged to other walls of the septic tank. The formwork must be securely reinforced, for this it must be well wedged with a beam in the pit. After that, insert the prepared pipe cuts. They should go deep into the soil by 5 cm.
• At the bottom of the chambers we make a pillow of crushed stone and sand.
• The bottom of all chambers, except for the last one, is poured with concrete mortar and.

• When pouring walls, the work is divided into several stages, since the height of concrete walls poured at the same time should not be higher than 0.4 - 0.5 m. Each layer is laid with stones.
• We build a wall from or. It is recommended to make an overflow hole 0.4 m below the sewer pipe leaving the house. Ideally, you need to equip the overflow hole with a sewer tee.
• Upon completion of the finishing, the septic tank without pumping is left open for 2 weeks to dry.

At the end, tightly close the lid on the cameras.

Lids are provided in plastic containers, and for septic tanks made of other materials, it can be made in two versions:

• A lid firmly planted on the upper concrete ring, level with the ground;
• For brick or other, made independently, sheets of steel, tightly laid on the edges of the walls, are suitable.

How to increase the life of a septic tank

An equally important factor is its ventilation, made from a sewer pipe brought to the surface. It will allow the water to partially evaporate.

When using a septic tank, it is prohibited:

• Throw construction debris into the sewer. This will quickly clog the first part of the septic tank.
• Use it for the disposal of polymer waste. Cellophane, cigarette butts, personal hygiene products are not processed by aerobic bacteria.
• Use detergents that can harm microorganisms that decompose organic matter
• Drain pipe cleaning chemicals, engine oil, acids, alkalis into the sewer

Permitted to use for:

• Use a septic tank to treat drains
• Throw toilet paper

A competent device and the use of a septic tank in a private house will increase its service life several times. And the periodic use of modern biological preparations that decompose solid sewage makes it possible to avoid cleaning the septic tank for a long time.

The construction of a country house is not considered complete until a smoothly functioning sewer is built. Sewerage can be built in two ways: a cesspool (the easiest option) and a septic tank (more difficult to build).

Cesspool, the theme of the last century. It does not meet modern requirements for environmental protection. They were replaced by septic tanks. Septic tanks are homemade and factory. In this article, we will consider how to make a septic tank with your own hands.

What is a septic tank

A septic tank is a more complex sewerage structure, consisting of a sealed container, it can be made up of several filter wells to absorb purified water into the ground.

Making a septic tank for your home with your own hands is quite easy. Septic tanks quite well decompose pollutants into simple ones, followed by filtration. In this connection, there is no pollution of the environment by wastewater.

Appointment of septic tanks

The septic tank is designed to collect pollutants with subsequent decomposition into simple substances. Purified water is absorbed into the soil. Thus, septic tanks prevent wastewater from polluting the environment.

Of course, septic tanks cannot completely purify water. Alkalis, drugs, acids remain in the water.

Selection of bacteria

The operation of a septic tank is not possible without bacteria. After all, only bacteria play a major role in the decomposition of pollutants. Sewer bacteria are divided into two types: aerobic (cannot live without oxygen) and anaerobic (putrefactive).

Anaerobic bacteria live in almost any conditions, unlike aerobic bacteria, which die when there is a lack of oxygen.

But anaerobic bacteria have one big minus, in the products of their activity there are solid deposits and methane is released, which contributes to an unpleasant odor. But they do not need ventilation of the pit. And aerobic bacteria are launched into septic tanks for both home and summer cottages.

Which bacteria to use is up to you.

Tire septic tank

A tire septic tank is one of the cheapest options in both construction and maintenance costs. Finding old tires is easy enough.

For the construction, you will need to dig two pits. Lay car tires in them, on top of each other. Fasten the tires together with clamps, and go through the seams with sealants. In one pit, cover the bottom with polyethylene (waterproofing), in the other with fine gravel or sand.

The disadvantages of this design:

• fragility, sealed seams begin to leak liquid.
• in winter, it is inoperable, as it freezes.

Septic tank from euro cubes

It will take two or three euro cubes. In one, the bottom is cut out (for filtration), the others are left airtight.

They dig a trench (always on a slope so that the first cube is higher than the next one), pour it with cement to fix the cubes. After that, euro cubes are installed, tying them together with pipes and fixing them to the ground. Pipe / cube joints are coated with sealants.

Septic tanks made of euro cubes are easy to install, airtight and last a long time. But they need to be attached to the ground, otherwise they can be squeezed out of the ground.

From concrete rings

For the manufacture of a concrete septic tank, you will need four, five rings of reinforced concrete. Using a crane, we install the ring and start digging, from the inside.

When the ring sinks into the ground, we mount the second ring on top of the first. We fix the rings between ourselves, with reinforcement, and so on to the depth we need. After we produce waterproofing of the bottom and necessarily the walls of the rings.

Usually, instead of the second ring, filtration fields are mounted, since the filtration fields showed the best performance.

Such a septic tank, made by hand, will last for decades without pumping.

brick construction

When building a brick septic tank, it is important to use clinker bricks. Any others crumble from moisture.

A pit is dug, in which a pool is laid out with bricks. Next, we insulate the bottom and inner walls of the pool with a cement mixture. External walls, isolate with clay. The thickness of the clay layer is not less than 0.2 meters.

The rest of the work, as in any other method of construction.

Exploitation

It's one thing to build a sewer. Another is to properly operate so that the system functions at a sufficient level.

So, let's consider how to maintain and operate a septic tank:

• Waste must be regularly drained to ensure the life of bacteria.
• It is forbidden to drain caustic chemicals (acids, alkalis, petroleum fluids, surfactants, etc.)
• It is necessary to periodically clean the waste products of bacteria (silt deposits)
• Do not dispose of household waste.

Subject to all requirements, such a sewer system will serve you for more than a dozen years.

DIY photo of septic tanks

A rare suburban village or partnership, even near Moscow, can boast of having a main water supply and sewerage system, but in general, the owners of suburban real estate have to acquire amenities on their own. And in order not to poison the environment, including the aquifer, with waste from their own life, wastewater treatment systems have long outgrown the simplest cesspools, turning into more advanced designs.

There are a lot of different treatment plants and stations for wastewater treatment from mechanical impurities on sale, but for all their effectiveness, their significant drawback is their substantial cost. Therefore, for many private traders, home-made devices, which are well-deservedly popular among FORUMHOUSE craftsmen, become the best option. Consider what a septic tank is, existing sanitary standards, system selection options and the most popular varieties.

• The scheme of the septic tank
• How to choose a septic tank
• Construction of a septic tank made of concrete rings
• Features of monolithic reinforced concrete septic tanks
• Plastic septic tanks from eurocubes

The scheme of the septic tank

A septic tank is one of the elements of a comprehensive autonomous (individual) domestic wastewater treatment system designed to collect, settle and treat wastewater. Accumulation and settling takes place in a sealed container (when there are several chambers) or containers, from the settling tanks, wastewater enters the filtration well or soil filtration fields (underground, aboveground). The legislation prohibits the discharge of even settled and treated effluents from a septic tank to open areas of land. The system necessarily includes inspection / cleaning wells and ventilation risers, the fan riser is brought to the roof level to prevent the possibility of characteristic odors. Sumps are periodically cleaned of sediments by a sewage machine, with a properly selected volume of a septic tank, this procedure, even with permanent residence in the house, is required no more than once a year, or even several years.

Sanitary and building codes and standards governing the location, design and construction of septic tanks

Until recently, the main regulatory documents relating to septic tanks and biological protection stations were SNiPs and SanPiNs, developed at the end of the last century and the beginning of this:

• SNiP No. 2.04.03-85 (recommendatory character), SP 32.13330.2012 (current standard) - parameters for organizing external sewer networks and structures.
• SNiP 2.04.04-84 and SNiP 2.04.01-85 - parameters for organizing internal and external water supply (outside the city, most often water supply from a well and a well, and some provisions intersect with the rules for organizing septic tanks).
• SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 - protection of surface waters.
• SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 - septic tanks are classified as environmentally hazardous facilities, this set of rules regulates the creation of protective zones around.

Last year, a new standard for organizing autonomous sewage with septic tanks and soil (underground) wastewater filtration was adopted - STO NOSTROY 2.17.176-2015. Now this is the main document, which contains the design and installation rules, as well as the requirements for the results of the work.

For the location of treatment facilities relative to other objects on the site, the following rules apply:

• Between the septic tank and the house - 5 meters.
• Between the septic tank and the water intake (well, well) - at least 20 meters, if there is no connection between the aquifer and the filter field through soil with high filtering capacity, from 50 to 80 meters, if there are loamy, sandy or sandy loamy soils in the segment.
• Between the septic tank and the roadside - 5 meters.
• Between the septic tank and the border of the site - 4 meters.
• Between the septic tank and the trees - 3 meters (up to shrubs 1 meter).
• Between the septic tank and a reservoir with running water (stream, river) - 10 meters.
• Between the septic tank and a reservoir with stagnant water (lake, pond) - 30 meters.
• Between the septic tank and the underground gas main - 5 meters.

The main operating characteristic of a septic tank, on which its performance, the efficiency of wastewater treatment and the frequency of pumping will depend, is the volume. It is calculated based on the number of households, daily consumption rates and the capacity of the facility. According to sanitary standards, one person consumes 200 liters (0.2 mᶟ) per day. Throughput is the capacity of the lagoons with a three-day supply, plus a small allowance for bottom sediments. To work normally, a septic tank for a family of four needs a volume of 2.7 mᶟ (0.2x4x3 + 0.3 = 2.7). The volume of all chambers is calculated, but from the bottom to the level of the overflow pipes. To be on the safe side, you should add to the salvo dump or the arrival of relatives and make the volume a little more than the calculated one, as the super-moderator of the forum of our portal advises.

Vadim (spb) FORUMHOUSE Super Moderator

Three cubes are enough for four people.

Septic tank selection options

If the location of individual treatment facilities is regulated by regulations, and the volume is selected depending on the amount of wastewater, then what type of septic tank will be, the design of the system and the method of organizing soil filtration depends, first of all, on the groundwater level (GWL) and throughput (filtering) capacity of the soil. With a low GWL, almost any, composite or monolithic structures are allowed. But if the soil has a weak carrying capacity (clay soils), then it is necessary to increase the area of ​​the filtration field, the length of the filtration tunnel or the layer of the drainage cushion under the filtration well.

If the GWL is high, then it is permissible to use only monolithic septic tanks (reinforced concrete, plastic containers) with several chambers and an additional sealed storage tank. From the reservoir, by means of a float-operated drainage pump, the settled effluents will flow to the bulk filtration field (cassette and tunnel infiltrators are used). Underground filtration directly from the septic tank in a situation with a close occurrence of perched water is unacceptable.

Ladomir Moderator FORUMHOUSE

It is necessary that the distance from the bottom of the filtering structure to groundwater be at least a meter.

Demanded varieties of homemade septic tanks

Among the participants of our portal, three types of homemade products are most in demand:

• From concrete rings;
• Monolithic reinforced concrete;
• Plastic (from eurocubes).

Construction of a septic tank made of concrete rings

When UGV allows, most members of the forum prefer concrete rings, from which two sealed chambers and a filtration well are usually assembled, interconnected by overflow pipes. To get the most impenetrable structure, grooved rings are chosen, they are not only more resistant to possible soil displacements, but it is also easier to achieve tightness of such a seam. External and internal waterproofing is used with bituminous primers or solutions based on DSP with the addition of liquid glass. There are two options for the location of cameras - sequential and combined.

In the first settling tanks are placed one after another, and the FC is at a short distance, each has its own neck and revision cover. The optimal scheme for a septic tank of this type was developed in one of the participants with the nickname MatrasMSA with the help of a moderator Ladomira.

MatrasMSA FORUMHOUSE user

A plot of 40x60 meters with a slope, a bathhouse / guest house is being built now, three people live on weekend visits and sometimes guests, in the future there will be a house for permanent residence. GWL is low, it is problematic to get to the water, the well is 88 meters deep, according to neighbors, the soil is loam. I plan a septic tank like this: the first and second wells have three rings (1.5 m in diameter) with a concrete bottom, the third well is the same, but the bottom is on the ground.

In the course of the discussion, the following typical recommendations for the device were given.

Ladomir

• A straight tee is put on the pipe entering the septic tank, the lower part is deepened into the drains by 15-30 cm, similarly to the outlet.
• The exit from the septic tank is 5-10 cm lower than the entrance to it, measured along the lower pipe tray.
• The overflow between the chambers is done at a depth of 0.4 m from the height of the effluent column in the septic tank.
• The height of the drains into the septic tank is the distance from the bottom to the lower tray of the pipe leaving the septic tank.
• The branch pipe entering the filter well does not need to be equipped with a tee; it is removed in such a way that the drains fall into the center of the FC.
• Under the filter well, gravel / crushed stone is added, 0.3-0.5 m thick and sprinkled on the sides, with a layer of up to 0.2 m.

The combined septic tank (designed by A. Egoryshev) is compact, due to the location of the sedimentation tanks and the FC in a triangle and is suitable for small areas. All wells are closed with blind covers, in which revision holes are cut, a common neck (service well) is installed on top, the fan riser is removed through the cover of the service well. To prevent differences between the settling tanks, a concrete slab with a hole for the FC is poured at the bottom of the pit, a drainage cushion (filter cassette) made of ASG, 10 cm thick, is poured under the slab on a double layer of geotextile.

On our portal, this scheme was proposed by a craftsman with the nickname s_e_s_h, laying out the design and a similar construction process back in 2009, “alive” to this day, which proves the relevance of systems of a similar principle of operation.

s_e_s_h FORUMHOUSE user

The requirements for the septic tank, taking into account the standards and needs of the family, are as follows:

• Good treatment of domestic wastewater at the outlet of the septic tank.
• The volume is sufficient for permanent residence in the house of 3-4 people (bath, shower, 3 sinks, washing machine and dishwasher, 2 toilets).
• Winter operation.
• Reliable design with the possibility of easy maintenance of the septic tank itself and underwater communications.
• Neat and inconspicuous final appearance.
• The lowest possible cash outlay.

The result is an economical design without sacrificing functionality.

However, both options are only suitable for areas with a low groundwater level, with a high GWL, no matter how you isolate the wells, there is a danger of them being flooded with perched water and polluting the site with sewage.

The work of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete

Monolithic reinforced concrete septic tanks can be used at any level, only the location of the filtration structures will differ. Solving difficulties when digging a pit is difficult, but possible.

researcher FORUMHOUSE user

The pit, in order to dig faster, is dug by a tractor, on the one hand it is dug out onto a bucket wider and half a meter deeper than the bottom of the main pit for a septic tank (it seems like a pit), an ordinary drainage pump is installed there. All water from the main pit quietly migrates to the pit and is pumped out from there by a pump and poured out 25-30 meters away. For the time of work in the pit, pouring and processing of hardened concrete with water repellents, this solution is just enough.

Otherwise, the process is typical - formwork, reinforcing cage, pouring with the addition of modifiers to the solution, waterproofing (internal and external). A monolithic structure with a low groundwater level was chosen by a portal member Rybnik.

Rybnik FORUMHOUSE user

From the foundation to the rotary well (PC) - 1.4 m, the PC itself has dimensions of 1x1 m, from the PC to the septic tank there is a trench, 7.5 m long, 40 cm wide and 1 m deep. The pipe will enter the septic tank at a depth of 85 cm from surface (taking into account the slope of 2 cm per 1 meter). Also, the second pipe (from the house) will enter the septic tank. Further, a pipe of clarified water comes out of the septic tank, which will pass 23 m along the fence and enter the filtering well measuring 1.5x1.5x4 m.

For the reinforcing cage, rods with a diameter of 8 mm were used, limiters (frogs) were also bent from them, cement M500 was used for pouring (also intended for concreting underwater structures in a fresh environment), a special additive that reduces the permeability of concrete. Sheets of flat slate as formwork. Details of the process and a step-by-step photo report are in the topic

Most owners of private residential buildings strive to create the most comfortable living conditions.

One of the dominant factors in this case is the arrangement of an internal sanitary unit, the effluents from which are diverted to the external space.

The device into which human waste is drained is a septic tank.

A septic tank is a tank located in the ground on the territory of the adjacent plot and connected to the sewer system of the house. Previously, ordinary cesspools were used in this capacity - excavations dug in the ground.

But today, such designs are completely unacceptable from the point of view of the sanitary and epidemiological station, convenience and ergonomics of operation. Therefore, at the present time, it is required to take a much more thorough approach to the issue of arranging sewage in the house with your own hands.

The scheme of a septic tank for a private house with their own hands looks like this:

In general, modern septic systems consist of three separate tanks connected to each other by means of plumbing pipes.

The first one gets the whole mass of domestic wastewater. Large and heavy fractions settle on the bottom of the tank, liquid components, upon reaching the level of the overflow pipe, flow into the second tank.

There, the biological decomposition of the liquid and its primary purification are carried out. Again, upon reaching the required level, the waste mass flows into the third tank, where it is secondary cleaned and final biological decomposition takes place.

The resulting product, with the correct passage of the purification process, turns out to be 85-95 percent pure in comparison with the initially falling substance and is quite suitable for some household needs, for example, watering the garden.

Do-it-yourself photos of septic tanks for a private house can be viewed on many thematic Internet sites.

Types of septic tanks, their disadvantages and advantages

In a private house or in a summer cottage, you can organize this in several ways:

• The third option for arranging a drain pit is its independent production (or with the involvement of relevant construction organizations). In the first case, they are usually limited to the simplest design of car tires. But this system is rather unreliable and does not guarantee absolute tightness, the absence of leaks into the adjacent soil masses. In the second case, the resulting product fully meets any requirements, since the tanks for it are produced using a technology similar to the manufacture of external pools. Such systems consist of a reinforced concrete form with additional waterproofing. The advantages of these septic tanks are durability, reliability and the ability to produce structures of any configuration and volume. The disadvantage is a rather significant time for their arrangement.

How to determine the volume?

Before carrying out work on the arrangement of a septic device, it is imperative to calculate the optimal configuration, volume, in order to be able to effectively operate it in the future.

The main data for the correct calculation are:

• The amount of liquid consumed for household needs by one person.
• The number of people who regularly use the domestic sewer system.

On average, you can take the volume of the latrine pit for a family of four, equal to 2 m3. For five, in most cases, a volume of 3 m2 is sufficient.

To meet the needs of more people, a formula is used that requires a usable volume of a septic device in the calculation of 0.4-05 cubic meters per person.

Necessary tools and materials

If you decide to install a septic tank in a private house with your own hands (modern type), you will need the following consumables, equipment and tools:

• Ready mix concrete or components for its manufacture - sand, crushed stone (fine fraction), cement and water.
• fittings to strengthen the structure and increase its durability.
• Polymer sewage pipe(you can trim).
• OSB panels or other similar sheet material and a wooden beam for arranging the formwork.
• steel sheet or concrete slab with inspection hatch.
• shovels- shovel, bayonet, if necessary - manual, gasoline or electric saw for cutting large tree roots.
• Buckets galvanized.
• Concrete mixer electric.
• Building level, tape measure.
• Electric jigsaw(hand saw), nails(screws) and a hammer(screwdriver).

DIY installation: step by step instructions and video

First you need to dig a common pit or, if it is more convenient, individual pits of the required dimensions. We level and tamp (for the first / second container) the bottom of the pits. Fall asleep "pillow" of sand, gravel.

After that, around the perimeter install formwork from sheet wood material and wooden beam. We fasten the structure with nails or screws, install spacers.

We mount the lattice from the reinforcement. It is better to equip it with wire fasteners rather than welding joints - this way it will last longer.

We carry out installation of pipe connections between tanks.

We fill the formwork and the bottom of the future device with concrete mix, guided by the following rule: the one-time height of the fill of each layer should not exceed half a meter. We do not fill the bottom of the third tank; for proper absorption by the soil, a drainage layer of crushed stone is sufficient. Let stand until completely hardened (ideally - thirty days).

We cover the resulting structures with a sheet of metal or install a concrete slab with inspection hatches, carefully sealing the joints with cement mortar.

Ennoble the environment: remove construction waste, level the soil layer.

Everything, our septic tank is ready for operation.

Read about the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the types of containers and installation features.

Read articles on how to choose and install a drainage pump for sewers.

How to equip your own drainage system around the house? Everything you need to know.

If you do not understand the above process of arranging a septic tank with your own hands for a private house, you can always watch a video with a detailed description of each construction stage on the net.

After watching the video, you can learn about the features of arranging a septic tank from concrete rings:

How to extend the service life?

The service life of the latrine pit, other things being equal, is affected, first of all, by the level of moisture absorption by the soil from the third tank.

To improve the distribution of treated effluents, additionally buried metal tubes should be installed in it, the bottom of which is covered with a drainage mixture, and the upper part is covered with a metal mesh to avoid clogging.

Also a necessary measure is the arrangement of ventilation of the last compartment - the ventilation pipe will contribute to additional moisture removal through evaporation.

Basic Terms of Use

The main rule for the operation of septic devices, which makes it possible to use them rationally, is to prevent overloading with human waste.

It is also necessary to limit the flow of external liquid into them as a result of excessive watering of the surrounding land or precipitation.

The price of a septic tank for a house

Prices for work on the arrangement of septic structures, as well as the price of septic tanks for the home, fluctuate significantly from region to region. On average, for the installation of a turnkey septic tank, sufficient for comfortable use by a family of 3-4 people, it is enough to allocate an amount of 20-30 thousand rubles.