Which septic tank to choose for year-round use. How to choose a septic tank for a private house: what are the types, principles of operation. How treatment plants work

It is convenient when a private house is connected to a centralized sewerage system. But if this is not possible, then you should think about installing a local waste disposal system - a septic tank.

It allows you to save the site from pollution, and in some cases it makes it possible to obtain process water from wastewater for watering plants, washing cars, etc.

At the same time, the operation of the septic tank is based on a simple principle.

Whatever the cleaning device, its operation is based on 3 principles:

• sedimentation of large suspensions;
• floatation of light pollutants;
• biological decomposition.

All septic tanks consist of several chambers. The first 2 stages of cleaning take place in the first tank. The branch pipe leading to the next chamber is located in the center, draining water, in which there are no longer suspended suspensions and heavy fractions. The type of biodegradation and its effectiveness depends on the type of apparatus.

On the video you can see the process of water purification in a septic tank:

Types of septic tanks for a private house

The classification of the wastewater treatment system into types is based on the dependence on electricity, the type of biodegradation and the material from which the septic tank is made.

Anaerobic and aerobic varieties

In simpler designs, anaerobic (oxygen-free) decomposition of contaminants occurs in the second and subsequent tanks. Such cleaning is not complete and requires an additional stage of soil filtration: filtration wells or filtration fields.

In them, the remaining contaminants are retained by the filtering backfill, on which a film of microorganisms is additionally formed, continuing the process of biooxidation.

Local treatment plants more complex and efficient designs. They mimic large sewer effluent treatment systems.

There are also several cameras in the LOS. In addition to settling and anaerobic decomposition, such a device has a compartment in which aerobic microorganisms (activated sludge) break down pollution in the presence of oxygen.

After that, the water enters a special sump for the settling of activated sludge, which is pumped out by the airlift into the stabilization compartment. Part of the sludge mass is again fed into the aerobic treatment tank. Precipitated dense sludge must be periodically removed from the tank.

There are also storage tanks in which water does not undergo any treatment other than precipitation. They only collect and periodically remove wastewater. Accumulators can only conditionally be called a septic tank, this is a cesspool - a cheap option to install, suitable only for small country houses with a small amount of drains.

Dependence on electricity

It is important to know this principle of classification of waste disposal systems, since not all country houses have access to an uninterrupted supply of electricity.

1. non-volatile are simple devices where anaerobic oxidation of organic matter is carried out, and water is poured between reservoirs and to the stage of soil post-treatment by gravity.
2. VOCs do not work without electricity necessary for the operation of the compressor supplying air. Also, in many models, wastewater from one chamber to another and activated sludge are pumped by airlifts powered by a compressor.

Anaerobic devices depend on electricity when, due to the nature of the landscape, it is necessary to install a pump to transfer liquid to the soil filtration stage.

What and how to make a septic tank?

Waste treatment tanks can be made from a variety of materials.

1. There is finished plastic tanks. You can also make them yourself from several large-diameter plastic pipes or eurocubes. Mounting such containers is quick and easy, without the involvement of special equipment. They are durable and have become very popular lately.
2. metal containers may be ready. They can also be welded from several sheets. Such tanks are rarely used, mainly when it is necessary to place the container at a great depth. From the inside, to extend the life of the container, it is recommended to treat it with an anti-corrosion compound.
3. brick- budgetary, but physically expensive material. The brick is laid on a concrete base. The cross section can be round and with right angles.
4. Septic tanks from concrete rings- one of the most traditional options. Products with a diameter of about 1 m are used, which are installed on top of each other. For their delivery and installation, it is necessary to hire a truck and a crane. Concrete containers often leak at the junction.

Budget, but not very reliable tanks are made of wood, tires from truck wheels.

When choosing the type and model of the device, it is necessary to correctly make calculations, take into account the features of the site.

An important factor is the price of the finished station.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house?

The simplest and most reliable option is a ready-made plastic septic tank. There are enough companies offering such products now. Before buying or self-constructing a septic tank for a toilet, you need to decide on several parameters.

Performance

The required capacity and volume are determined by the number of inhabitants. If guests will periodically live in the house, then they must also be taken into account in the calculations. On average, one person generates 200 liters of wastewater per day.

For a family of four, equipment with a capacity of 800 liters is required. Since wastewater can be in the tanks for 3 days, then power received must be multiplied by 3 to get the volume value. For our example, we need tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3.

natural conditions

Features of the relief, soil and climatic conditions are also important not only at the installation stage, but also at the purchase stage.

1. You need to know the depth of soil freezing, because the pipeline and its entrance to the tank must be below the zero point. There are special ready-made models with an elongated neck and a low inlet.
2. Samo equipment is recommended to be installed where there is an elevation to protect against atmospheric moisture.
3. If the landscape does not allow gravity to remove effluent from the reservoir, then you need to choose a model with forced evacuation of the purified liquid, in the last chamber of which the pump is located.
4. For clay soils prone to bursting during freezing we need structures with especially strong walls: concrete, plastic with stiffeners.
5. For soil post-treatment, it is especially important to know the type of soil. The best option is sandy soil. In other cases, the arrangement of filtration fields requires a lot of effort.

Cost and popular models

Photo - Tank 2.5

Each owner takes into account the price of the waste disposal device. But here it is better not to save.

The best option is to purchase ready-made equipment.

Below are prices for popular models designed to serve 4-5 people.

1. Popular septic tank with soil aftertreatment Tank 2.5 in full set from 36 thousand rubles.
2. Proven Poplar 5, related to complete biological treatment plants, can be purchased at least 72,000 rubles.
3. Topas 5 also provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. The cost of such equipment about 80,000 rubles.
4. If you are looking for a septic tank for a summer residence, then a good option could be "Triton-mini", with a volume of 750 liters. Together with the soil filtration system, it costs about 22 thousand rubles.
5. More and more positive reviews are gaining and LOS "Unilos Astra-5". You can become the owner of this system for about 80 thousand rubles.

Many users have already seen the reliable operation of these devices. In addition, they are all simple and for self-assembly.

Device and installation of septic tanks

Installing a wastewater treatment device is quite simple, especially a ready-made plastic container, to which instructions are attached. First you need to choose the right place.

1. From the foundation the house to the septic tank must be at least 5 meters. But you don’t need to install too far, otherwise you need a revision well.
2. Distance between trees and a septic tank 3 m.
3. From rivers and reservoirs to the wastewater treatment device should be 30 m, and from wells and wells - 50 m.
4. Roads should not pass over the filtration fields.

As mentioned above, it is important to know the depth of soil freezing, which is indicated in SNIP 2.02.01-83 * for each region of the country. Pipes and soil filtration elements must be located below the zero temperature point.

Based on all these data, a septic tank is installed in accordance with with step by step instructions.

1. They dig trenches under a slope for pipes and a foundation pit for the septic tank itself.
2. A layer of sand 10 mm thick is poured into the ravines, it is rammed, always observing the slope.
3. Construct a sand and, if necessary, a concrete cushion in the pit. It must be even.
4. Install a septic tank exactly.
5. Connect it to the supply pipes, as well as a pipeline leading to soil filtration or a collection tank.
6. Fall asleep pipes and tank. It is important to pour liquid into the container, the water level should be 150 mm above the backfill level.

Sprinkle the tank with a mixture of cement and sand, and the last 30 cm with soil. After that, the system is ready for start-up and operation.

Watch a video on how to make a septic tank with your own hands:

Septic tank maintenance: price

Plastic tanks do not require special care.

1. Once a quarter, the VOC evaluates the sludge. If it is dark and begins to thicken, then it must be removed. To do this, you can use a simple drainage pump.
2. Once every 1-2 years, it is necessary to pump out the sediment from the sump using a sewage machine. At this time, it is recommended to flush the entire tank.
3. Once a week it is worth looking into the hatch of the tank to evaluate the work. This is especially true for aerobic installations.

You can conclude an agreement with a specialized organization for maintenance. A one-time procedure with sludge pumping and equipment revision costs at least 4,000 rubles. The minimum cost of annual maintenance is 15 thousand rubles.

The full range of works and the price for them depends on the model.

Which is better: model characteristics

*for VOCs, the volumes of salvo release are indicated.

Installation cost

If you decide to install a septic tank inexpensively, i.e. independently and chose a ready-made plastic model, the cost of the finished structure will depend on the price of the model, sand, cement and pipelines.

You can order the installation of a turnkey cleaning system. The minimum cost of such a service is 21 thousand rubles.

But having invested once, you will ensure the reliable operation of the treatment equipment and the cleanliness of the site itself.

There are many types of autonomous sewers. But what is the best septic tank for a summer residence or a country house for a particular family is often not clear to choose. Each type of VOC has its own advantages. Plus, there are a huge number of factory models with their own distinctive advantages. However, it is necessary to install something on the plot. Without a treatment plant, there is no need to talk about comfortable living outside the city.

Description and principle of operation of septic tanks

The septic tank is designed for the accumulation and partial or complete processing of sewage from the house. Such structures are placed in dachas for temporary stay and near cottages, where a family of several people lives all year round. Accordingly, the type and performance of the treatment plant is selected based on the number of residents and the intensity of their use of the internal sewage system.

When sewage enters the septic tank, these waters are settled (clarified), and then drained into the ground or pumped out by sewers. This is how an ordinary cesspool with anaerobic bacteria works. If a cottage is being improved, then such a simple cesspool is ideal for it.

In more advanced biological stations with deep cleaning, aerobic microorganisms are used, which, with the help of a compressor, are supplied with an additional volume of air inside the septic tank. So they eat organic matter much faster.

Choosing the type of septic tank

All variations of septic tanks are divided into:

Cumulative;

Anaerobic;

Aerobic.

In the first case, the treatment plant is the simplest sealed reservoir for the accumulation of wastewater. For their subsequent pumping, a sewage machine is then used.

Storage tank "Rostok"

Two-chamber septic tank "Tank"

The third option is full-fledged stations that process sewage by 95-99%. At the outlet of them, the water has a technical condition, which allows it to be used for watering the garden in the country or washing the car in the garage near the house.

Autonomous cleaning station "Topas"

Accumulators and most of the anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile structures. They do not have pumps and compressors, all water flows inside occur by gravity. They do not require electricity to operate. If the water supply for a country house is organized from a well or centrally, then this option is just perfect for a cottage.

Aerobic septic tanks are stations that depend on uninterrupted power supply. They have better effluent treatment rates. But the aerators pumping air into the chamber with activated sludge need constant power from the electrical network.

For summer cottages, it is best to choose a septic tank of the first or second type. Such VOCs are cheaper to manufacture, easier to maintain and do not depend on the power supply. But for full-fledged private houses outside the city, it is worth choosing an aerobic station. A large family of effluents produces a lot; a cesspool or an anaerobic plant will not be able to cope with significant daily volumes.

For the manufacture of septic tanks are used:

2. Reinforced concrete.

The best septic tanks for summer cottages are factory anaerobic models with a polyethylene casing. They effectively clean drains, take up little space and do not need electricity. Plus, you can put them right next to the country house. Moreover, it does not matter if the screw or pile-strip foundation is used for its construction.

Moisture from such VOC will not have a special effect on this base. Such a septic tank is airtight, and the infiltrator or drainage well can be taken away from the building. In a similar situation, when building a house, it is even allowed to use gas silicate blocks, which really do not like high humidity.

The choice of performance and volume of the septic tank

Septic tanks for summer cottages and cottages are selected based on calculations of water consumption by people living in the house. If it is known how much waste flows into the sewer per day, then it will not be difficult to make a choice in favor of one or another structure. For all factory-made models, the passport indicates their total volume, salvo discharge and daily productivity.

With a complete calculation of the cubic capacity of wastewater discharged into the sewer, according to all the rules, it is necessary to take into account all plumbing fixtures in a residential building. Each of them has its own average rate of water discharge per day. For example, about 0.1 is drained from the toilet into the septic tank, 0.15–0.2 from the sink in the kitchen or bath, and about 0.14 l / day from the shower. It is necessary to add up the consumption of all plumbing installed in the dwelling - this will be the total volume of wastewater per person.

Model range "Termite" for various volumes

Such accurate calculations are often made only by designers. To simplify the calculations, it is customary to lay a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 liters per person per day. A septic tank for a summer residence is usually calculated according to the minimum bar, and for a house with permanent residence - according to the maximum.

After determining the daily volume, it is multiplied by 3 (three days). It is within three days that sewage in the septic tank is completely processed. Based on this received figure, it will be possible to choose which station, specifically in terms of volume, is better to install on your site.

Choosing a manufacturer of septic tanks for a summer residence

It is impossible to say unequivocally which septic tanks for summer cottages should be purchased here and now right in the store. The range of ready-made stations from the factory is extensive. Some come out cheaper at the price of VOCs, the latter are easier to install, and still others are optimally suited in terms of volume for a particular situation.

Among domestic manufacturers, stations from:

GK "TOPOL-ECO" - various models of "Topas".

"Triton Plastic" - "Tank", "MikrobMini" and "BioTank".

PC "Multplast" - "Termite" and "Ergobox".

"SBM-Group" - "Unilos" with modifications "Astra", "Cedar" and "Mega".

Septic tanks for dachas of these manufacturers occupy the lion's share of the Russian VOC market. Owners often refer to their products as their best bet. The range of these factories includes both anaerobic non-volatile models and more efficient aerobic models with pumps. Among them there are modifications not only for standard soils, but also for areas with high GWL.

Of the foreign manufacturers, only Finnish Uponor is worth mentioning. If the dacha is located in the North-West of the Russian Federation and preference is given to imports, then it will be difficult to find a better septic tank. This company offers several solutions for a different number of people living in a cottage. There are plenty to choose from. Here, as - the market has domestic products and imported. The choice is at the discretion of the buyer.

Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence or a house?

A septic tank for a summer residence can be made independently from a brick, an iron barrel or concrete rings. This is the cheapest option. But it is much easier to take a ready-made treatment plant from the factory, which only needs to be installed in a pre-dug pit. And if you have money and want European quality, then you can order a cleaning station made in Finland. The choice is extensive, it all depends on the excellent preferences of the owner of the cottage.

The appearance of the septic tank at the cottage

Living outside the city has many advantages. Silence, the absence of neighbors behind the wall, clean air - which of the inhabitants of megacities does not dream of this? But in order for a summer cottage to be comfortable, it is necessary to have basic communal amenities in the house. And if in most villages it is possible to connect houses to the power grid, then centralized sewerage systems, most often, are absent. Therefore, summer residents have to build a local sewerage system and, therefore, decide how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence.

What should be the local sewerage system at their summer cottage? Of course, reliable, efficient, does not require constant monitoring and at the same time inexpensive. But before deciding which septic tank to buy for a dacha, you need to evaluate the operating conditions of the installation, since a septic tank model that is ideal for one dacha may not be suitable for another at all.

After all, some country houses are used as permanent housing, so they must be equipped with productive installations. And in the event that the cottage is a place that is used for periodic rest on weekends and holidays, you can choose simpler and cheaper options for arranging sewage.

Decide on performance and volume

Before making a choice of a treatment plant for a summer residence, you need to determine the water consumption in the house, since the most important characteristic depends on this - the performance of the installation and its volume. How to determine the water consumption in the house? This indicator depends on two factors:

• The number of people using water (the number of households and guests, if they are regularly in the house);
• Home plumbing fixtures. If the house has a standard (as in an ordinary city apartment) set of plumbing, then according to accepted standards, the daily consumption of fluid per person is 200 liters. In the event that, for example, there is no bath in the house, but only a shower is installed, then the water consumption will be less, and when the cottage is equipped with a pool connected to the general sewerage system, then, on the contrary, the amount will increase.

So, in order to calculate the performance of a septic tank, you need to determine the daily water consumption. For example, if 4 people live in the house, then the consumption and, therefore, the daily output should be equal to 800 liters.

But the volume of the chambers of the septic tank should be such that it contains the volume of wastewater that accumulates over three days. That is, in our example, a family of four needs a volume of 2.5 cubic meters (3 * 800 = 2400 liters, rounded up, we get 2500 liters or 2.5 cubic meters).

Advice! When choosing the performance of a septic tank, it is necessary to take into account not only the number of permanent residents, but also the number of guests who visit the house on a regular basis. And since a septic tank is purchased for more than a dozen years, it is worth considering the possibility of increasing the size of the family.

Decide on the type of treatment plant

Having chosen the optimal volume, you need to decide which type of septic tank will be best for these conditions. When comparing septic tanks for summer cottages, we can distinguish three main types that differ in the principle of operation.

storage type

When planning to pick up a simple septic tank for a summer residence, you should opt for a drive. This is an ordinary sealed tank in which effluents from the house are accumulated through the pipeline. As effluents accumulate, they will need to be pumped out using sewage equipment. Advantages of this option:

• Cheap installation;
• The simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety.

Disadvantages:

• The need for regular cleaning. Moreover, the greater the number of drains, the more often you have to clean the septic tank;
• Unpleasant odor spreading over the area when pumping.

This version of the septic tank is perfect for cottages that are not used for permanent residence, that is, with a small amount of drains. In this case, with a large volume of the septic tank, it will have to be cleaned 1-3 times over the summer, that is, the maintenance costs will not be too high.

Anaerobic with aeration fields

Choosing the best septic tank for a summer residence, most owners stop at this option. Such septic tanks not only collect drains, but also clean them, so they will have to be cleaned much less frequently than storage tanks. Even with permanent residence in the house, cleaning will need to be done about once a year.

And at the same time, anaerobic-type septic tanks are relatively inexpensive, despite the fact that they are able to provide a high degree of wastewater treatment. Pros of this option:

• Reliability and simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety;
• Relatively low cost;
• Full autonomy, septic tanks do not require connection to the power supply.

Advice! Anaerobic septic tanks can be purchased as a ready-made installation or build cameras yourself. The latter option is certainly cheaper, but its implementation will require a lot of time and labor.

The disadvantages of anaerobic septic tanks include the need to build aeration fields. Aeration fields need to be changed about once every 10 years, as the filter layers become silted up and cease to perform their functions, and this is an additional cost of labor and money.

In addition, it is extremely difficult to equip filtration fields if the soil on the site is clayey and does not pass water well. Or soil water is located very high, which does not allow additional moisture to be absorbed into the soil.

Normally operating anaerobic septic tanks do not spread an unpleasant odor around the site. The appearance of an odor is a signal of a system failure. This is possible when the filtration fields are clogged, with a decrease in the number of bacteria.

Advice! Ready-made septic tanks are often sold complete with devices for soil treatment equipment - infiltrators. The installation of such devices is not too laborious, which generally reduces the labor costs for the equipment of the sewer system.

To correct the situation, the following measures are taken:

• Cleaning of chambers with the help of sewage equipment;
• The use of special biological additives that will restore the number of bacterial colonies;
• Replacing filtering fields.

Aerobic type

When reviewing septic tanks for summer cottages, one cannot fail to mention modern installations - septic tanks with aerobic wastewater treatment. These are compact plants that use the biological treatment of wastewater with the help of aerobic, that is, bacteria that exist in an oxygen-rich environment.

Such purification allows you to quickly and effectively remove impurities, as a result, the outlet water is 98-100% purified, that is, these installations do not need to build filtration fields. Pros of this option:

• The units are compact, operate without the formation of smell and noise;
• A high degree of wastewater treatment, allowing you to discharge water from a septic tank without additional post-treatment;
• Stations can be installed under any geological conditions on the site;
• To clear the stations, there is no need to call the vacuum trucks. You can remove the sludge accumulating in the sludge receptacle yourself.

The disadvantages of using biological treatment plants include:

• Energy dependence. Stations are equipped with compressors, aerators and other devices that require connection to the power grid;
• High price. Biological treatment plants are quite expensive, so they are rarely installed in summer cottages.

However, if it is planned to build a large house for permanent residence, then with a large amount of wastewater, the choice of a biotreatment plant will be justified.

Determining the body material

When purchasing a ready-made wastewater treatment plant, the consumer does not have much choice. Most models have a plastic case, as modern polymer materials have excellent technical and operational characteristics. Advantages of plastic septic tanks:

• Reliability and long service life. Despite constant contact with sewage, the plastic does not break down. Therefore, the polymer body of the septic tank can last 50 years or more without requiring replacement;
• Elasticity. The walls of the septic tank body are quite elastic, so they can easily withstand the loads created by the soil;
• Light weight. This circumstance significantly facilitates installation and, in some cases, makes it possible to do without the use of lifting equipment.

However, the small weight of the septic tank is also its disadvantage, since under the influence of soil water filling the pit, the light body of the septic tank can simply float to the surface, destroying the entire sewerage system.

To prevent the occurrence of such an emergency, plastic septic tanks are installed on a slab made of reinforced concrete and fixed to it with belts made of synthetic materials. When planning to build a septic tank on their own, summer residents, as a rule, use:

• Reinforced concrete well rings;
• Plastic eurocubes;
• Plastic barrels and other suitable materials.

When building a local sewage system, almost every homeowner is concerned about the question of how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence - which one is better to buy from the proposed installations? Or is it better to build the cameras yourself? It is almost impossible to give an unambiguous answer suitable for everyone and everyone. Since the choice of installation should be made taking into account local operating conditions: water consumption, frequency of use of the house, geological conditions on the site.

It is enough to look at any catalog of an online store offering septic tanks for a country house or summer cottage, and you will have to face the difficult task of choosing. In fact, along with dealers in this area, there are enterprises that have only recently entered the market, or successful manufacturers that have been operating for a long time and have won success, but decided to develop a new direction of their activity. Therefore, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what septic tanks are for summer cottages and compare them so that you decide which one is better.

Septic tanks for summer cottages: which one is better? What to consider when choosing them?

The model range of septic tanks is quite wide, which allows you to choose the best septic tank for giving, which will meet individual requirements. When choosing such a cleaning system for a country house, cottage or cottage, you need to consider the following factors:

• The number of permanent residents (consider possible guests).
• The number of sanitary points (showers, toilets, jacuzzis, bathtubs, sinks) and household appliances (dishwashers and washing machines), the volume of their drains.
• Groundwater depth.
• Soil type on the site.
• Discharge option for treated water (gravity or forced).

How is the installation of a septic tank in the country:

• Pit preparation.

• Arrangement of supply trenches for pipes and wires.

• Installing a septic tank in the pit and sanding around.

• Filling the chambers of the septic tank with water.

• The pipe crashes, the power supply is connected.

• Start-up and adjustment works are being carried out.

• The outer part of the septic tank is being prepared, taking into account the peculiarities of landscape design on the territory.

The principle of operation of septic tanks

A septic tank is a facility that is used to treat sewage. The scheme of its device implies the presence of a multi-chamber system. Wastewater enters the first tank (sump) through a pipeline from the house. Bacterial decomposition of sewage takes place in it. In some devices, usually industrial production, facilities are installed here that are responsible for filtering contaminated water.

The decomposition of wastewater occurs under the influence of anaerobic or anoxic bacteria. They convert the liquid entering the sump into clarified water, gas and mineral insoluble sludge or sediment.

The formed gas as a result of the decomposition of wastewater is discharged through the ventilation pipe, and the water goes into the overflow hole in the second tank. In this case, anaerobic bacteria do not stop cleaning the drains. Further, the clarified water enters the next tank or is fed to the filtration fields. After soil filtration, the liquid is absorbed into the soil. This structure belongs to anaerobic type systems or non-volatile septic tanks.

There is also a variety of devices that require electricity to operate. These are aerobic septic tanks with biological treatment. In such devices, wastewater treatment is carried out by aerobic microorganisms that simply cannot exist without oxygen. For this reason, the compressor automatically turns on after a certain time, supplies air into the tanks. The process of decomposition of wastewater in these plants is very fast. The level of purification of polluted waters is 98%.

The principle of operation of an aerobic septic tank requires a constant flow of oxygen, since the bacteria contained in the activated sludge die and the cleaning stops.

One of the most common structures is a storage septic tank. It is a single-chamber hermetic device used to accumulate wastewater, as a result of which it is pumped out using a sewage truck. Additionally, the tank is equipped with a filling level sensor. This option is the best for those who often appear in a country house, and for various reasons it is impossible to equip an effective wastewater treatment site.

Septic tanks for summer cottages: which one is better?

1. Energy independent septic tanks.

Models that work without electricity and are not tied to the presence of electrical networks are suitable for small country houses. In a remote area and garden partnerships, there is a possibility of a power outage for a sufficiently long period, so you should decide in advance on the equipment for small country houses. In remote areas and garden partnerships, there is a risk of power failure for a sufficiently long period, so it is worth choosing equipment for sewage in advance.

Of course, users have a question whether a septic tank is needed at all in the country, if it is possible to equip a cesspool. We will not convince the owners of dachas, but simply remind them of aesthetics, sanitary requirements and basic amenities. We offer you to get acquainted with the best non-volatile septic tanks.

• "Tank".

Septic tank "Tank" is made of high-strength plastic having a thickness of 10 to 17 mm with stiffeners. The design itself provides resistance to high loads, which are formed under ground pressure in summer and winter. The estimated service life of the product is at least five to ten years, subject to the operating conditions. A conventional septic tank works on the principle of wastewater treatment by settling or further biological decomposition of the material with a high-performance biofilter. The infiltrator is responsible for the distribution of purified water that enters the ground.

The unique shape of the body protects the design of the septic tank from being squeezed out by the soil, and the possibility of equipping it with a high neck allows you to place them at the required depth. A special design, including block modules, allows you to collect almost any volume of a septic tank, and overflow pipes act as connections.

The operating conditions of a septic tank imply its periodic cleaning of accumulated solid residue. With proper operation of the equipment and the use of bacterial colonies, the tank is cleaned every four to five years. But it is recommended to do this at least once a year. In the case of periodic use of a septic tank, for the winter, when it is not supposed to clean sewage for sewage, approximately a third of the water is removed from the tank.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tank"

The price of a septic tank "Tank"

It is worth noting that the price of this septic tank is more than affordable for many owners of private housing. This is one of the main advantages that causes a huge interest in the products. The price largely depends on its volume and therefore increases with the increase in capacity.

Reviews about the septic tank "Tank" for giving

Alexander

“The septic tank filters perfectly, there are no comments. There were no problems with its installation, since everything is described in detail in the instructions. Convenient, environmentally friendly, economical. I leave positive feedback.

“I studied a lot of reviews, customer opinions differ, but, as a rule, negative emotions arise only due to improper installation and operation of this septic tank.”

“The septic tank does not consume electricity and works completely autonomously, but I would not take a very large volume, as unfavorable conditions for the development of bacteria may form.”

“Two years ago we installed a Tank-1 septic tank, from which we use water to irrigate the garden. It is very convenient, since there is no source of water on our site, including a technical one.”

• "Triton".

Three chambers that are responsible for the implementation of the process of removing various suspensions from polluted water, anaerobic decomposition of biological material, as well as supplying treated effluents to a special filtration site. This septic tank is produced in several versions, which makes it possible to choose between models with a volume of 2 to 40 m 3.

Once a year, or in case of intensive use twice a year, it is worth cleaning the container of accumulated solid sediment. The service life of a plastic container is approximately 50 years. When installing the equipment, it is necessary to provide for an “anchor”, a monolithic concrete surface or a concrete slab, which ensures good retention of the septic tank at the required level.

For small baths and country houses, it is better to use the Triton-mini models, which are compact septic tanks for the summer, designed to receive wastewater of small volumes.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Triton"

The price of the septic tank "Triton"

Despite the low cost, treatment plants are popular both for small summer cottages and for country cottages for permanent residence. The septic tank provides the necessary level of wastewater treatment.

“The summer before last, I installed a Triton N-1 septic tank at my dacha. Works perfectly, fully copes with the declared function.

“Easy installation, low cost, simple maintenance. The quality and cost are fully justified. My parents installed this septic tank last summer and were very pleased. The first cleaning went quickly, without unpleasant odors.”

“I installed this septic tank for my parents at the dacha in the village. Used for three years, father is happy. A great option for giving, where there is a small amount of drain water.

“When properly installed, with a Triton septic tank, neither severe frosts nor other typical problems are terrible. Two years have passed since the installation of the septic tank, everyone is happy. The guests who came to our dacha also seriously thought about installing such a septic tank.”

• "Aqua-bio".

The septic tank is intended for a summer cottage, where you can create a filtration field or another type of soil purification of water discharged from the tank. A simple septic tank system consists of passing contaminated water through 5 chambers. Initially, solid suspensions are deposited in 3 compartments of the tank, then in the remaining 2 chambers, processes of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter occur due to the development of anaerobic colonies on the surface of a special load.

The main advantages of this septic tank are a large number of chambers, which increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment. As a result, you will not need to reconstruct the filtration fields, which will be clean for a long time, which means you will not face additional costs during the operation of the septic tank. The tightness of the durable plastic housing eliminates the possibility of contaminated wastewater entering the soil.

The performance of different models can vary in the range from 600 to 1300 liters per day. It is from this indicator that the price of a septic tank for a summer residence depends. A simple calculation allows you to decide on the most suitable model, but do not forget that such a septic tank is not suitable for an area where there is a high level of groundwater.

Models of the septic tank "Aqua-bio" differ from each other in performance and volume. Today containers are produced with a volume of: 3600, 3000, 2500, 2000 liters. Accordingly, with the productivity of l / day: 1300, 1100, 900, 700.

Prices for the septic tank "Aqua-bio"

If we talk about the cost of the Aqua septic tank, then, in comparison with similar solutions, such facilities cannot be classified as budget ones. You can verify this by carefully studying the table below.

Reviews about the septic tank "Aqua-bio"

“Not disappointed, works reliably and stably. In severe frost, once "grabbed" with ice by three centimeters. I had to resort to insulating covers.

“I ordered, completed the installation and have been operating for several years now. Everything is fine, I can say with confidence that he is not afraid of even severe frosts.

“I did a thorough installation, we wintered well, I leave a positive review and recommend this septic tank for a summer residence.”

1. Energy dependent septic tanks.

They need a constant connection to electricity, they can work on the principle of forced oxygen supply to the batteries, namely aerobic wastewater treatment. These models of septic tank are a real deep cleaning station, allowing you to bring to the required level when the drain can be directed to storm sewers, reservoirs and ditches without any risk of disturbing the ecological balance. Among domestic septic tanks, it is worth highlighting the five most common models.

• "Tver".

Such a septic tank belongs to local treatment facilities, where wastewater treatment takes place in a complex manner. The device simultaneously uses several different technologies that are combined into a single system and provide excellent results when using a small area of ​​land.

It should be noted right away that such a solution is volatile and adapted for use in houses intended for permanent residence. But it is also great for giving, if simple conservation rules are followed.

The equipment contains a multi-chamber container and high-quality plastic. The first chamber acts as a sump that holds most of the sparingly soluble inclusions. Some of them will sink to the bottom, while the rest will float on the surface. Anaerobic decomposition processes take place here, continuing in the second chamber on biofilters. Then comes the chamber-aerotank, where the water is saturated with oxygen. This activates aerobic water purification by microorganisms. The liquid is further purified in several chambers, where it flows by gravity. In one of them there is a limestone load, where it is associated with harmful decomposition products, namely nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

The addition of chlorine-containing reagents can increase the efficiency of water disinfection.

The installation of models is carried out on different types of soil, even if the cottage is located on former peat mines, which are characterized by an increased aggressive environment. Durable plastic does not corrode, and an additional “anchor” pre-installed in the pit will not allow the tank to “float”.

The main distinguishing feature of the Tver septic tank is the reception of a large volume of wastewater. Therefore, if you need to drain the bath, then he will cope with this task without deteriorating the quality of the water at the outlet and without the release of untreated effluents.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tver"

Reviews and price of the septic tank "Tver"

If you look at all the reviews about this product, you can come to the same conclusion: in most cases, such a treatment plant fully satisfies the needs of every modern person. There were no complaints about difficulty during operation or cleaning. One cannot but rejoice that this septic tank is a development of our specialists. At the same time, the price for it is affordable, as you can see by examining the information in our table.

• "Leader".

These septic tanks use electricity to remove sediment from septic tanks and to run an aerator that saturates the water with oxygen for the development of aerobic microorganisms that eat organic matter. As you can see, this is a volatile solution. Due to the integrated approach and the presence of six chambers, the process requires the use of special biological additives, and the system is highly resistant to temporary overloads due to wastewater pollution.

Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the principle that the discharge can be carried out in a convenient place: ditches, a reservoir or a drain well. As you can see, there are no violations of the norms for the discharge of pollutants, full consistency with the ecology of the surrounding nature.

Local wastewater treatment occurs according to the principle of passing through all the stages of the tank with pumping out the activated sludge that has accumulated. The first chamber is used for the mechanical stage of purification - primary water clarification and sedimentation of suspended particles. The manufacturer indicates that the efficiency of this chamber is 2/3 of mineral contamination.

As for the second stage, a bioreactor is used here, in which anaerobic bacteria initiate fermentation (the conversion of substances that are difficult to oxidize into simple ones for the oxidation process). Moreover, bacteria develop on a polymer fishing line that imitates algae. In the subsequent blocks of the septic tank, namely in the third, fourth and fifth, wastewater is purified by aerobic bacteria. For them, all the conditions for life are provided, which are created with the help of two aerotanks with aerators.

The bacteria themselves multiply on the porous material, form entire colonies, turning into activated sludge. As a result of the victorious battle with drains, the last stage of the septic tank emerges. Here, phosphates are neutralized in an alkaline environment.

The price of a septic tank Leader

The cost of a septic tank with a turnkey installation directly depends on its dimensions, power, weight, as well as connection to the sewer. Also, septic tanks differ in price, which depends on the chosen model of the cleaning device.

Nowadays, the price of a Leader septic tank may differ, so below we will understand not only the price category, but also different models of a septic tank.

• "Poplar".

The design of this septic tank allows it to be used in the following temperature range - from -30 to +40 0С. It works on the principle of sewer water passing through four compartments (aerators are installed in two of them). Regular supply of oxygen to the contents has a positive effect on the development of bacteria that are responsible for the decomposition of the biomaterial. The necessary oxygen pressure is provided by compressors, and the process of fluid circulation between different compartments is carried out by airlifts.

When human waste is decomposed by bacteria, the wastewater enters the sump, where activated sludge is deposited, and the liquid is sent through the filter to the collection system. All pumps are located in a sealed compartment, as a result of which the ingress of moisture on the contacts is completely excluded and reliable protection of the equipment is provided.

The body of the septic tank is made of polymers that do not corrode, and the average life of a septic tank is approximately 50 years. As for deposits, they are removed independently or with the help of a sewage machine.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Poplar"

Septic tank "Poplar": reviews and prices

If installation work is carried out in strict accordance with all requirements, then there will be no questions during the operation of the Topol septic tank. We got acquainted with the numerous reviews on the operation of this treatment plant, which we could find on the Internet, and came to the following conclusion: the reviews are mostly positive, without harsh criticism of the septic tank and its characteristics. The main thing is to choose the installation that is appropriate in terms of performance and carry out its correct installation.

If we talk about prices, they are competitive, not cheaper and not more expensive than other options. Of course, they grow as the capacity and capacity increase. In the table below, you will be able to get acquainted with the average cost of the Topol installation of various capacities.

• "Topas".

In the Topas septic tank, sewage water treatment is carried out in several directions: the process of decomposition of organic materials, the reduction of wastewater salinity, as well as the removal of mechanical impurities. The principle of operation of such a septic tank cannot be considered innovative, but be that as it may, it provides purified water (98%) that you can use for irrigation.

The first stage of cleaning is carried out in the receiving stone, in which mechanical impurities are deposited. Then the airlift pumps partially purified water into the aeration tank to resolve organic compounds as a result of the vital activity of bacteria (their colonies are in activated sludge). Silt suspensions coming with water have a deeper cleaning, which are deposited in the next compartment. The fully purified water will then be removed from the system and the sludge returned for later use.

Service maintenance of equipment occurs when checking the operation of the compressor and diagnosing a septic tank.

Table of characteristics "Topas"

If you try to decide which septic tank is best for a dacha with non-permanent residence, then you will quickly realize that you cannot find a definite answer here. Family budget, "productivity", geological features of the site - this is an incomplete list of selection criteria, therefore, in each individual case, something different will be the best solution. But in any case, the very nature of seasonal residence already imposes some restrictions of a fundamental nature on the choice of design.

There are universal solutions, but they also have certain limitations.

Classification of septic tanks

According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are the following types:

Cumulative. If you approach strictly, then this is not a septic tank, but simply a container for collecting wastewater, the prototype of which is a cesspool. Previously, there were no special requirements for the tightness of the walls and bottom of such an underground reservoir. Now this is a mandatory condition, non-compliance with which is prosecuted as damage to the earth. Therefore, instead of a “pit”, a finished container is buried in the ground or it is made of reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

Anaerobic. This is a classic example of an underground local treatment plant, where effluents are separated and processed by bacteria in the process of flowing from chamber to chamber without oxygen. The degree of purification reaches 60-70%, and clarified effluents undergo post-treatment with aerobic bacteria in filtration fields, trenches or wells.

Aerobic. The design is built in such a way that inside the septic tank there is a complete cycle of wastewater treatment with aerobic bacteria up to a level of 95-98%. This is a volatile species, since forced air supply is necessary for the vital activity of microorganisms.

Comparison of the characteristics of the aerobic septic tank BARS-Aero and TOPAS

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks in summer cottages

Each species has its own set of advantages:

A storage septic tank for summer living is now one of the most popular options. The advantages include: low price, simple device, the ability to accept all types of wastewater, regardless of their "acid-base" balance. It is not subject to the regulations on the minimum distance from water sources, a residential building and the boundaries of the site - the drains for the entire period between pumping are inside a sealed container.

The only drawback is the need to frequently call a sewage truck, the periods between the arrival of which depend on the volume of the septic tank and the intensity of operation. The load on it can be reduced, the duration of work without pumping can be increased if the drains are divided into gray and black, and the drain of water from the shower cabin, bath and from the washbasin is brought to your filter or drainage well.

Drains from a storage septic tank without electricity have to be periodically pumped out

An anaerobic septic tank consists of two or three chambers connected in one building or spaced apart in separate tanks. The correct selection of the volume of the chambers and their ratio to each other regulate the productivity and degree of wastewater treatment to a “clarified” state, which allows them to be diverted to soil treatment and filtration devices.

Anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile. The entire liquid part of the effluent is eventually discharged into the ground. They clean the containers only from solid fractions that settle at the bottom of sealed chambers in the process of separation and processing by bacteria. The frequency of pumping out can be from several months to several years - it depends on the volume of wastewater, the number of residents and visitors, and the length of stay. This is the best option for a septic tank for a non-permanent residence without electricity (even when it is). But provided that the size of the site and its plan allow installation without violating the requirements of the standards.

The main disadvantage is the rather strict requirements for the location of the water intake, reservoirs, residential building and site boundaries. In addition, when arranging filter fields and wells, there are restrictions on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater.

In some cases, a pump is used to remove treated effluents.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

An aerobic septic tank, despite the almost complete wastewater treatment, is rarely used to give non-permanent residence. To create conditions for the vital activity of microflora that process wastewater, a constant supply of air is required, which is ensured by the operation of the compressor.

When the electricity is turned off, aerobic bacteria die, and to start the septic tank, a fairly large amount of work must be done to prepare the system.

Another reason against interruptions in the functioning of an aerobic septic tank (even if the compressor is running) is the death of bacteria in the absence of “fresh” effluents containing organic matter, which serves as a food medium for them. But this is not the main drawback. According to the manufacturer of septic tanks Topas, it takes 2-3 weeks to reach the design level of cleaning after launch. That is, if they live in the country in the summer, then it must be started in the spring, and turned off in the fall.

For the same reason, such a septic tank is not suitable for work in winter with intermittent residence in the country, when people come here only on weekends.

For the vital activity of bacteria that live in an aerobic septic tank, a constant influx of effluents is necessary - with long interruptions in work, the colony of bacteria will have to be repopulated

Combined septic tanks. A design of this type provides for at least two sealed chambers (in practice, at least three). In the first chamber, separation into fractions and clarification of effluents with the help of anaerobic bacteria takes place, in the second - cleaning with aerobic bacteria.

The advantage of this configuration over the previous version is considered to be higher productivity and less load on the biological phase of purification by aerobic microorganisms. But these are volatile models that have the same disadvantages as septic tanks for giving non-permanent residence.

Septic tank materials

In both types of septic tanks for giving non-permanent residence, there is always a container with a sealed bottom and walls.

Polymer septic tanks

If you choose among ready-made models, then septic tanks are made of durable polymers that are not subject to corrosion and can withstand prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. These include low pressure polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass.

All factory containers are designed for a certain pressure both from the inside when filling with drains, and from the outside as a result of soil pressure - the wall thickness and a set of stiffening ribs guarantee shape stability.

Most often, factory septic tanks are made on the basis of plastic containers.

Each type of polymer has its drawbacks, but they are not fundamental. The main common feature is the low weight of the container. Even when full, the specific gravity of the septic tank, taking into account the solid fractions of wastewater, does not exceed 1100 kg / m 3, and even the bulk density of the soil is not less than 1500 kg / m 3, not to mention the compacted state in its natural form. Therefore, heaving forces will tend to push the septic tank up, especially if it is empty. When installing a plastic septic tank, it must be fixed to a solid foundation in the form of a concrete slab. And on strongly heaving soils, it is recommended to backfill the pit with excavated soil mixed with sand.

Note! In any case, during a long break, the container should not remain empty. The standard recommendation for a period of absence is 3/4 fullness, so that the walls can better hold the soil pressure, and the colony of anaerobic bacteria does not completely die out.

Video description

Biological sewerage treatment plants for non-permanent residences have their own conservation process for the winter period. Everything is clearly shown in the video:

Metal septic tanks

Polymer septic tanks have replaced metal containers, but they are still found. Among the offers on the market of metal septic tanks there are three types of containers:

factory products with fixed characteristics;

production under the order according to the individual sizes;

sale of used steel tanks and tanks for technical liquids, which are being modified for a storage septic tank.

Unlike polymer tanks, such tanks have a large margin of safety: the minimum metal thickness is 4 mm, and for large volume tanks - 8-12 mm. But the service life of metal septic tanks of a summer cottage, even with anti-corrosion treatment, is lower than that of plastic ones.

Reinforced concrete rings

One of the most popular materials for arranging sewerage for non-permanent residences is reinforced concrete rings of the KS series. They come in different diameters and heights, which allow you to make the design of the optimal volume.

Advantages - high strength and stability in the ground. Concrete has a tendency to get wet during prolonged contact with a humid environment, but this disadvantage is compensated by a waterproofing surface treatment.

High-quality waterproofing is the key to long-term operation of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings

Installing a septic tank is a little more complicated than installing a finished tank. In fact, it is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure of several tanks, each of which consists of several rings (including a filter well without a bottom with perforated walls). But in each region there are construction organizations specializing in such a turnkey service.

The choice of the volume of the septic tank

With the volume of the storage septic tank, everything is very clear - the more, the less often you have to call the car to clean it. And if we divide the drains into black and gray, then a tank of medium volume will be enough to give a “day off” for the whole season.

An example of the division of waste into "black" and "gray"

The shape and dimensions of the storage septic tank are dictated not only by the required capacity, but also depend on the free space on the site, which would provide free access for the car to the technological hatch. The standard location is somewhere in the middle between the wall of the cottage from the side of the bathroom and the border of the site adjacent to the road. There are usually no problems with the depth of the tank - the power of the vacuum pump of the sewage truck guarantees pumping sewage from a depth of up to 4 m.

The volume of a septic tank without pumping out is determined by a simple formula - the number of people is multiplied by the rate of water consumption of 200 l / day and a factor of 3 (so many days it takes for a cycle of disinfecting wastewater with bacteria). Sometimes they add 20-25% for a “volley” discharge when guests arrive. This total volume is distributed among the chambers. For a two-chamber septic tank (excluding the filter well), at least 2/3 is given to the first tank, for a three-chamber septic tank - at least ½.

Video description

See the following video for the pros and cons of septic tanks and biological stations:

Conclusion

No matter how simple a septic tank may seem to give non-permanent residence, it should be installed by professionals. Especially if it is an anaerobic septic tank. And the difficulty is not even in the installation itself, but in the choice of methods for soil wastewater treatment. Specialists will take into account the geological features of the site and the filtering capacity of the soil as fully as possible.