With the onset of the heating season, the issue of the temperature climate in a residential building becomes especially relevant. It often happens that the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms and the actual temperature are very different from each other, which is a violation on the part of utilities. And what should the temperature of the walls be in the apartment and how to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment?
The temperature of the walls in the room
The permissible temperature of the wall in the apartment in winter is regulated at the legislative level. Standards are allocated according to GOST, SNiP (building codes and rules) and sanitary standards.
The temperature of the walls in the apartment should be such that it is comfortable to be in the room. The main heating of the apartment in the cold season should be carried out mainly due to central heating, which is provided by the municipal services of the city.
What temperature should the walls be in the apartment?
According to legislative documents on the heat supply of residential premises, the average temperature in apartments in cold and warm seasons should be approximately 20-23 degrees. This temperature is considered comfortable for life.
Indeed, if such a microclimate is maintained in a residential building, a child and an adult can live in it. But not always the real indicators of the temperature of the walls and air in the apartments correspond to the established standards. This happens especially often during the heating season. Residents' apartments do not warm up well enough, although they charge a lot for heating.
For the most part, utility specialists are not based on the temperature of the walls, but on the general air temperature in the room. Batteries may not warm up the walls enough, but they heat the air well (subject to a normal flow of hot water and the absence of air). It is also taken into account that the walls are actively cooled from the outside, so the temperature of the walls in the room may differ from the air temperature.
How is the temperature of the walls in the apartment measured? Measurement is done at special points. The temperature indicator is not measured in close proximity to walls or windows. In most cases, a point is selected that is 1.5 meters above the floor and 1 meter from the outer wall. It is noteworthy that if the air temperature does not meet the established norm, the payment for heat supply is reduced by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the norms established by the state.
The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP
The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP practically does not differ from the established norms. According to building codes and regulations number 2.04.05–91, the temperature in the living room should not fall below 20 degrees.
It is worth considering that the permissible temperature of the walls in an apartment according to the norms of SNiP strongly depends on the ambient temperature and the so-called dew point.
The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to SanPin
The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to sanitary standards in the living room is 24 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that only the upper temperature limit is indicated in sanitary standards. As for living rooms (regardless of their type), the temperature is the same.
In general, the temperature of the walls in an apartment, according to sanitary standards, practically does not differ in any way from the norms that are indicated in the building regulations and the interstate standard. In any case, the indicator of air temperature and walls in apartments is identical in all legislative documents.
In more detail, the upper and lower limits of temperature standards are prescribed in GOSTs. There is less information in the SanPin and SNiP documents.
The temperature of the walls in the apartment in winter
The temperature of the walls in the GOST (30494-2011) apartment depends on the type of room and the season. For cold seasons (from the moment the heating is turned on), the norms are as follows:
- living quarters
20-22 degrees - Residence in the northern region
21-23 degrees - Kitchen
19-21 degrees - Toilet
19-21 degrees - Combined bathroom and bathroom
24-26 degrees - Corridor between apartments
19-20 degrees - Children's room
23-24 degrees
It turns out that on average the temperature of the walls in the apartment in the winter season should be 20-22 degrees. The value of the temperature indicator almost completely coincides with the standards specified in SNiP and SanPin.
In addition to the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to GOSTs, you need to rely on common sense. The norms for the temperature of the walls in the room are compiled depending on the purpose of the room. For example, moderate coolness should be observed in bedrooms and they should be ventilated regularly, because in a room with a high temperature of the walls and, accordingly, the air, it is much worse to sleep.
The optimal temperature indicator in the nursery also depends on the age of the baby. For infants, the norm indicated in GOST should be maintained - 24 degrees. As the child matures, the temperature should gradually drop to the lower limit of normal and then gradually return to normal for an ordinary living room.
In the bathroom, the temperature of the walls and air largely depends on the frequency of use of the room. In such a room, the humidity is constantly high, so it may seem that it is damp and cold in there, although this is not the case. The situation is much the same with the kitchen. Depending on the amount of equipment used and the frequency of cooking, the temperature should be varied. The more often they cook in the kitchen, the lower the temperature should be maintained there (from the oven, stove and other equipment, the air and walls will still heat up). If the kitchen is not actively used, it is better to keep the temperature there closer to the upper limit of normal.
Normally, the wall temperature in a corner apartment should be 2 degrees higher than that specified in GOST 51617-2000. Some utilities are guided by the indicators specified in GOST 30494-96, but it is less informative and it does not mention the temperature of the walls in the corner apartment.
In living rooms during the cold seasons, the temperature should not fall below 22 degrees, in non-residential rooms - below 21 degrees. For the northern regions, the minimum temperature is correspondingly higher. For residential premises, its indicator should not be less than 23 degrees.
Freezing walls in the apartment - permissible temperature
The temperature limit at which the walls of the building begin to freeze directly depends on the thickness of the walls, the state of ventilation, windows and design features as a whole. The location of housing also has an impact. Freezing of the wall in the apartment The permissible temperature for each room is indicated in SNiP 23-02-2033 "Thermal protection of buildings".
The calculation of the permissible temperature before freezing of the walls in the apartment is quite complicated. The average temperature limit is 20 degrees Celsius.
Measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment
At home and without a professional device, it is almost impossible to measure the temperature of the walls in an apartment. An infrared thermometer is used to measure. How to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment using this device? It's simple: the infrared beam emitted by the thermometer is directed to the desired wall. An indicator will be displayed on the instrument dial. This will be the temperature of the wall in the apartment.
After you have measured the temperature of the walls in the apartment, you need to compare the results with the standards. However, it must be taken into account that the results may not be completely reliable.
Ideally, you should order the measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment from specialists who have official permissions and approvals for this. In addition, they have more accurate equipment, which will affect the measurement results. Professionals also help to issue the necessary documents confirming the temperature of the walls, with which you can then go to court. On average, the cost of such a procedure in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the regions of the Russian Federation is 1 thousand rubles.
How to file a complaint about the low temperature of the walls in the apartment?
If, after measuring the temperature of the walls in the apartment, it turned out that it does not meet the standards established by the state, you can safely file a complaint. To do this, you must contact the maintenance department or the organization that services the residential building and inform them about the violation of the temperature regime. Please note: at the time of communication, an employee of the structure must provide his position and last name.
After submitting the application, a commission will be drawn up, which will include a representative of the heating network and an employee of the repair and maintenance department. During a visit to the premises, specialists will have to independently measure the temperature and draw up an act. This act will be documentary evidence that the heating service is provided to the tenant of the apartment in an improper way.
After that, employees of the heating network and the repair and maintenance department will find out for what reasons the temperature drops below the established norm. Then, depending on the results, repair work will be carried out to eliminate insufficient heat supply. After carrying out all the necessary work, employees of the relevant authorities will conduct a secondary inspection of the premises and issue a second act to the tenant. The document will confirm that the temperature of the walls and the air in the room complies with the standards and this is confirmed by repeated instrumental measurements.
If utility workers refuse to somehow contribute to the normalization of the temperature in the room, you can contact the social protection authorities for consumer rights or the prosecutor's office. In such cases, more thorough investigations are carried out and public utilities are punished. There are more red tape, but a successful result is almost 100% guaranteed.
Conclusion
The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment depends on the specific region of the apartment (regular or corner) and the season. In the warm season, the temperature should be 22–25 degrees. For cold seasons, the normal temperature is from 19 to 24 degrees. The specific rate depends on the room. It should be warmest in children's and living rooms.
If a person has doubts that the temperature of the walls in the apartment does not meet the established standards, you can independently measure the temperature indicator using an infrared thermometer or order a temperature measurement from specialists. If the fears are confirmed and the temperature in the living room turns out to be inappropriate, you should contact the appropriate municipal authority and demand the elimination of the lack of heat supply.
In a previous article, we talked about , which is used for one purpose only: to reduce heat loss. Today we will answer the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment according to regulations. This value is regulated by two legal documents: GOST and SNIP. Values are set separately for each room of the apartment. These requirements must be met taking into account the error up or down. Unfortunately, both the lower and upper possible limits are outside the comfortable room temperature range.
What air temperature should be in the apartment - norms
In winter, the thermometer should show at least 18 degrees (+/- error).
In the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment, everything is somewhat more complicated than it seems at first glance. Everyone has heard the average value of at least 18 degrees for the entire living area. In fact, the air temperature value is set separately for each room, depending on its purpose.
The state documents clearly state what the temperature in the apartment should be in winter. The norm is determined by two regulations:
- GOST R-51617-2000;
- SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10.
These documents have two classifications: what should be the temperature in the apartment in winter according to the norm, and what should be in summer. In addition, the documents give the value of the optimal and permissible temperature. Naturally, service companies take as a basis the allowable limits, acting within the framework of the law. If even these minimum indicators are not met, it is necessary to contact the relevant authorities so that they take action.
Often, the comfortable temperature in an apartment for an individual does not coincide with the requirements of legal acts. If you are cold, please buy . If it is too hot, then you can adjust the temperature of the radiators using a thermal head, but you will still pay in full. To pay only for the heat that you used, you need to install .
Let's figure out what a comfortable temperature in the apartment, according to the state regulatory documentation, should be in different rooms:
- room - allowable 18-24 degrees, optimal 20-22 degrees. At -30 degrees overboard for five days, the minimum temperature should be 20 degrees;
- kitchen and toilet - optimal 19-21 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees;
- bathroom or combined bathroom - optimal 24-26 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees.
The air temperature in the apartment during the heating season, established by norms and standards, may vary by an allowable error. At night, a decrease of no more than 3 degrees is allowed, as well as an increase of a maximum of 4 degrees at any time of the day.
The decrease in temperature is associated with heat loss through cold bridges.
Separately, there are norms for a common corridor, landing and storerooms. There the thermometer should show at least 15 degrees. Normally, the comfortable temperature in the apartment is closely related to the volume of air exchange. For living rooms, this value is set at 3 cubic meters per hour for each square meter of the room. In the kitchen, the norm is set regardless of its area and is 60 cubic meters per hour, no less. In a bathroom with a separate toilet, the amount of supply air and, accordingly, exhaust air should be 25 cubic meters per hour. If the bathroom is combined, then the values \u200b\u200bare summed up.
The regulatory documents establish norms not only for what temperature should be in the house in winter, but also in summer. In this case, the maximum is set, which is 28 degrees. But, even if this value is exceeded, no one can help you, only you yourself. The temperature norm in an apartment in winter according to SanPiN is determined in tandem with the value of air humidity and the speed of air flow. This applies only to living rooms in which the humidity should not be higher than 60%, the optimal value is 30-45%. For other premises, this indicator is not standardized. The movement of air flows should not exceed 2 m/s.
Factors that affect the temperature regime
Adjustment of heating of a radiator by means of a thermal head.
We have already figured out what air temperature should be in the apartment and found out the value of the error up or down. Now let's figure out what this error can be caused by, that is, a decrease or increase in temperature. Knowing the reasons, we will be able to answer the question of how to increase the temperature in the apartment or lower it, based on our own preferences. What determines the readings of the internal thermometer:
- the amount of heat loss;
- battery capacity;
- coolant speed in the heating system;
- wiring of the heating system.
No matter how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is, there will still be someone who is too cold or too hot. Well, even in an apartment with central heating, it is possible to regulate the degree of air heating.
Even if utility companies comply with all the conditions of GOST, it can still be cold in your home due to high heat losses.
So, you need to exclude them as much as possible so that the temperature in the apartment in the winter is within normal limits. You have probably noticed how many people now insulate the outer walls with foam plastic, thereby reducing heat loss. By the way, the first step should be to replace old windows with modern energy-saving double-glazed windows.
The type of radiators and their volume also largely determine what (optimal or not) the temperature in the apartment will be. Naturally, the larger the battery, the warmer. At the same time, it is impossible to arbitrarily increase the number of sections, since the stability of the entire system depends on this. An increase in the volume of heat exchangers can lead to a decrease in the speed of the coolant. What is the risk? When the pressure drops, the batteries can heat up only partially, or they can be completely cold. In this case, it will not work to achieve the optimal air temperature in the apartment.
The decrease in pressure entails a drop in the speed of the coolant. The slower it moves, the more time to lose heat before it reaches you. Accordingly, one can only dream about the optimal temperature in the apartment in winter, as is the case with incorrect circuit wiring. Not only can errors be made in as well as their assembly, it is also possible to connect the batteries incorrectly. As a result and the bottom is hot.
How to raise or lower the temperature in the apartment
The ball valve is closed on the supply.
How many degrees should be in the house? According to GOST in the room, the lower limit, taking into account the night error, is 15 degrees. You wouldn't wish that kind of comfort on your enemy. Naturally, it is useless to complain in this case, because the requirements of the standard are met, so people begin to independently regulate the temperatures in their homes. When it's cold, everyone actively insulates, changes windows and closes cracks. As a last resort, you can include
But what to do if the normal temperature in the apartment in winter is 28 degrees, which is quite real. The maximum allowable value is 24 degrees plus the error of 4 degrees prescribed in GOST.
If the batteries have thermal heads, then there is no problem, you just need to set the required value and that's it.
And what if they are not? Living with an open window is not comfortable, as cold air pulls strongly on the floor. If there are children, then this option is excluded, and for adults this state of affairs is clearly not healthy.
What other options:
- slightly turn off the tap in front of the battery;
- install .
By closing the ball valve in front of the radiator, you will reduce the amount of water supplied. It is not recommended to do this, but when you really need it, you have to. Just keep in mind that in this mode, the valves will last much less. The air recuperator allows you to create the necessary air circulation, while the supply air enters the room already heated.
Comfortable temperature in the apartment in winter
We found out that the optimal temperature in the house in winter according to GOST and SNIP is 20-22 degrees. At the same time, the permissible framework is from 18 to 26 degrees, depending on the intended purpose of the room. For the kitchen, bathroom and room, the norms are different. The deviation from the table values is 3 degrees down and 4 degrees up. Regrettably, but according to the law, if your house is only 15 degrees Celsius, then there can be no claims against the utility company on your part. The same is true if you have an apartment in winter, as in Tashkent on the street in summer (+30). The salvation of the drowning is the work of the drowning themselves.
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95APPROVED
Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation
dated "10" 06 2010 No. _64_
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
General provisions and scope
1.1. Sanitary rules and regulations (hereinafter - sanitary rules) are developed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed when placing, designing, reconstructing, constructing and operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.
1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in the buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, shift camps.
1.4 Sanitary rules are intended for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to exercise state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.5. Control over compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to exercise state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings during their placement
2.1. Residential buildings should be located in a residential area in accordance with the general plan of the territory, functional zoning of the territory of the city, village and other settlements.
2.2. The land allocated for the placement of residential buildings must:
- be located outside the territory of industrial and communal, sanitary protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;
- comply with the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, the quality of atmospheric air, the level of ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation .
2.3. The land plot allotted for the construction of a residential building should provide for the possibility of organizing a house adjoining territory with a clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports, utility sites, guest parking lots, green spaces.
2.4. When landscaping the adjacent territory of residential buildings, it must be taken into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1, 5 m. The height of shrubs should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the ground floor premises.
2.5. There should be no transit traffic along the intra-yard driveways of the local area. It is necessary to provide an entrance for special vehicles to the sites of garbage collectors.
2.6. The distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of the premises of residential and public buildings and territories.
2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is planned to provide them with engineering networks (electric lighting, domestic and drinking and hot water supply, heating and ventilation, and in gasified areas - gas supply).
2.8. On the land plots, entrances and passages to each building should be provided. Places for placing parking lots or garages for cars must comply with hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects.
It is forbidden to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, adjust sound signals, brakes and engines in the adjacent territories.
2.9. Areas in front of the entrances of houses, driveways and footpaths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard coatings, the possibility of free flow of melt and storm water should be provided.
2.10. It is prohibited to place any trade and public catering enterprises on the territory of the courtyards of residential buildings, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, production facilities, enterprises for minor repairs of cars, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots of public organizations.
2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, in winter - anti-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, anti-icing reagents, etc.).
2.12. The territory of the courtyards of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Lighting standards are given in Appendix 1 to these sanitary rules.
Hygienic requirements for residential premises and public premises located in residential buildings
3.1. Placement of residential premises of apartments in the basement and basement floors is not allowed.
3.2. It is allowed to place public premises, engineering equipment and communications in residential buildings, subject to hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields.
In the basement and basement floors of such residential buildings, it is allowed to build built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceiling ceilings are sealed and equipped with a device for removing vehicle exhaust gases.
3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.
3.4. Placement in residential premises of industrial production is not allowed.
3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placement above the garages of premises for working with children, premises for medical and preventive purposes is not allowed.
3.6. In residential buildings of any number of storeys on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink, should be provided. It is allowed to arrange pantries with an area of at least 3 m² / person for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. At the same time, the exit from the floor where the pantries are located must be isolated from the residential part. The laying of sewer networks in utility pantries is prohibited.
3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for staff vehicles must be located outside the local area.
Loading materials, products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.
It is allowed not to arrange loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m².
3.8. In apartments it is not allowed:
- the location of bathrooms and toilets directly above the living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) directly above the kitchen;
- fastening of devices and pipelines of sanitary facilities directly to the enclosing structures of the living room, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as to their extensions outside the living rooms.
3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet bowl directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that the apartment has a second room equipped with a toilet bowl, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.
3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping the house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins should provide the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.
3.11. Above the living rooms, under them, and also adjacent to them, it is not allowed to place the engine room and elevator shafts, the garbage collection chamber, the trunk of the garbage chute and the device for cleaning and washing it, the electrical panel room.
