Construction of a monolithic house from sawdust concrete. Construction of houses from sawdust concrete on their own. Solution preparation technology

Both wood concrete and sawdust concrete are one of the types of lightweight concrete. They are successfully used for thermal insulation and wall construction of one and two-story houses. One of the areas of application of this building material is monolithic housing construction.

sawdust concrete properties

Main characteristics

Sawdust concrete has the following characteristics:

compressive strength - up to 25 kg / cm 2;
water absorption - up to 12%;
thermal conductivity - 0.32 W / (m o - C);
specific gravity - 600 - 1200 kg / m 3.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of using sawdust concrete include:

reducing the load on the foundations;
high level of thermal insulation;
cheaper construction;
low level of fire danger;
resistance to decay;
elasticity.

The disadvantages are:

relatively low strength;
high water absorption;
long hardening time.

The strength of sawdust concrete is increased by reinforcement. To protect the walls from moisture, perform horizontal waterproofing and clad facades with siding or brick. Hardening time is reduced when sawdust is used conifers and addition of mineralizers.

Composition and preparation of sawdust concrete

Composition of the mixture

The composition of the mixture includes cement, sand, lime, sawdust and sodium chloride or liquid glass.

Cement is a binder, the strength of sawdust concrete depends on its brand and quantity.
Sand acts as a mineral filler. It is added to increase the volume of the solution and its better adhesion to sawdust.
Lime serves to improve plasticity and protect the organic filler from decay and fungus.
Sodium chloride and liquid glass contribute to the mineralization of sawdust and reduce the setting time of concrete.
The addition of sawdust reduces the weight and cost of the material, improves its thermal insulation characteristics.

For monolithic construction walls use concrete grades M15 - M25. One of the recipes for preparing mixtures is presented in the table.

Adds 8 - 9 kg of liquid glass or calcium chloride to a cube of concrete. Water consumption (8 - 20%) is determined experimentally. A cube of sawdust concrete, molded from a fresh batch, must be elastic; when pressed, no liquid should be released from it.

Preparation of sawdust concrete

Concrete is prepared manually or in a forced concrete mixer. When using a conventional concrete mixer, dry components are first mixed, then, while continuing mixing, water is added in small portions. Otherwise, the sawdust floats and is not evenly distributed over the mass of concrete.

To prepare lean concrete, sawdust is sieved. In the production of material of durable grades, the size of the sawdust does not matter. Experts also recommend adding shavings that act as reinforcement.

Technology of monolithic construction

Monolithic construction provides the following advantages compared to the construction of houses from blocks:

there is no need to make blocks;
it is possible to build walls of any shape (up to the roof slopes);
there are no cold bridges in the walls through the seams on the cement mortar.

The disadvantage is the increased consumption of materials for formwork.

Work order

Two layers of roofing felt waterproofing are laid over the foundations. With a low base, two or three rows of brickwork are performed. Install the formwork. Moisture-resistant plywood or steel sheet can serve as formwork material. When using wooden formwork, its internal surfaces are covered with polyethylene.

The height of the shields should be within 40 - 60 cm. When pouring the first layers on the sides of the foundations, stakes are driven into the soil against each other to the entire height of the walls. The shields are wedged between the side surfaces of the foundation (wall) and the stakes and connected to each other by segments of bars. Stakes located on different sides of the wall are pulled together with wire.

After pouring, the bars remain in the walls. They are used for fastening boards during formwork rearrangement, and after completion of construction - for fastening the battens for cladding.

The prepared sawdust concrete is poured in layers 10 - 15 cm high and carefully rammed. At one time, the wall is raised by 20 - 30 cm, after which they take a break for 5 - 7 days. During the setting period, the concrete must be protected from sunlight and rain. Every 40 cm, the walls are reinforced with longitudinally located or steel mesh. At the corners of the building, the reinforcement elements are interconnected.

After the walls are poured, a belt of timber is made on top of them, which serves as a support for the roof elements. Walls must be protected from moisture. To do this, the roof is made with wide overhangs, and the facades are faced in any way. Finishing work is carried out after shrinkage of the building (in 1 - 2 months).

When performing these activities, monolithic houses made of sawdust concrete serve long years. They do not require insulation even in the far north. A wall of this material 40 cm thick protects against frost -35 degrees.

Sawdust concrete is a material that is well suited for low-rise construction, because it combines low cost, fairly high strength and good thermal insulation properties. Next, we will talk about the properties and preparation of this material, as well as the actions that need to be taken in order to build a house from sawdust concrete with our own hands.

What is sawdust concrete

Sawdust concrete is called a frozen mixture sawdust and cement milk in various proportions. By increasing the proportion of sawdust, the thermal insulation properties of this building material are raised, and by increasing the proportion of cement, they make it more durable. Increasing the size of sawdust and using chips, increase the strength of the material for twisting and breaking. The specific gravity of the hardened sawdust concrete is 600-1800 kg / m3, which is 2-3 times lower than that of brick or concrete, so the walls load the foundation less. Despite the high content of wood, this material flares up very hard and quickly goes out without constant fire support, therefore houses made of it are comparable in terms of fire hazard to concrete and stone buildings.

Sawdust concrete is suitable for the construction of houses up to three floors high with wooden and up to two floors with one concrete floor. In addition, this material has a high vapor permeability, so that the house always has constant humidity. After all, its excess passes through the walls and goes into the atmosphere without harming the material of the walls. In terms of thermal conductivity, it is comparable to expanded clay concrete, so that the walls do not require further insulation with the same thickness, which is customary to make from concrete or brick in your area.

House construction technologies

There are two main technologies by which you can build a house from sawdust concrete:

monolithic filling;
laying pre-prepared blocks.

Walls built by technology monolithic pouring, more durable and devoid of cold bridges, thanks to which it is warmer in such a house in winter. In addition, during the construction of such walls, it is not necessary to produce high-strength matrices for pouring finished blocks. However, this technology also has disadvantages, the main of which is the need to quickly mix and pour a huge amount of sawdust concrete. You have to do it yourself, using a concrete mixer, because concrete plants do not produce such material. Another drawback is that it is necessary to create formwork for the entire floor, and this not only increases the cost of buying wood, but also complicates the pouring, because in such conditions it is difficult to compact the material with high quality.

Building from prefabricated blocks also has its advantages:

blocks can be prepared without haste for several years, storing them in a dry, ventilated room;
when laying walls, there is no need to do everything very quickly, working with anguish;
Due to its low weight, even one person can easily handle the laying of blocks.

The main disadvantage of building using this technology is the very high requirements for molds for casting blocks. After all optimum thickness glue between them is 5 mm, for this the difference in the dimensions of any side of each block compared to the standard should not exceed 2 mm. In addition, it is very important to give the block strictly rectangular shape, because if the thickness of the adhesive exceeds 7 mm, then cold bridges are formed, because the heat transfer of the adhesive solution is several times higher than that of sawdust concrete.

However, the construction of the foundation for a sawdust concrete house, the installation of the roof, as well as the installation of windows and doors for each of the technologies are carried out in the same way. In addition, the composition of sawdust concrete is also the same, and its proportions depend on the requirements for strength and thermal insulation properties.

Preparation for construction

Before starting construction, it is necessary to draw up a project, and for its development it is desirable to involve a qualified and experienced engineer, as well as a good surveyor. After all, it is possible to choose the right foundation only taking into account all the characteristics of the soil, and it will be difficult to do this without a surveyor. In addition, only a qualified design engineer or an experienced house-building engineer can choose and calculate the foundation correctly, taking into account the characteristics of the soil, soil mobility and other factors. After preparing the project, they make an estimate of all materials and necessary work, this will avoid confusion and a serious increase in costs caused by incorrect logistics for the delivery of building materials and other similar factors.

In most regions of Russia, tape and screw foundations different sizes. At the same time, it is important that the foundation support be below the freezing depth of the soil, otherwise it is likely that it and the walls will be damaged by frost heaving. Therefore, a combination of screw and strip foundations, that is, pouring a powerful grillage on top screw piles is the best solution for many places, however, in some areas, instead of grillage, you have to fill monolithic slab. After pouring, and in some cases before pouring, the foundation and basement are insulated according to the project. It is advisable to do this even if an insulated or heated floor is planned in the house, because reducing heat loss through the foundation will improve temperature regime home and reduce heating costs. After pouring the foundation, it is necessary to wait 15–20 days, and then proceed with the construction of the box.

Wall construction

The proportions of sawdust concrete components are the same for both methods of wall construction and depend on the height of the house and the expected level of thermal conductivity. To ensure the necessary strength, the thickness of the walls should be 20–40 cm. If this thickness is not enough in terms of heat loss, then the best way out is not to increase the thickness, but to build two walls with an air gap between them. 5 cm of air between two sawdust concrete walls, in terms of its effect on heat loss, is comparable to a third wall 20–25 cm thick. That is, by building two walls 20 cm thick with a gap between them of 5 cm, you will provide a level of thermal insulation sufficient for any Russian region. Such walls must be connected to each other with sawdust concrete jumpers, this will increase their strength and bearing capacity.

If you decide to build a wall of blocks, then they can be made with voids inside. At the same time, the size of the blocks, as well as the size and position of the voids, must ensure sufficient strength of the wall even when laid in one row. In addition, the width of the void should not be more than 1/3 of the width of the block, otherwise it will reduce its bearing capacity. At the same time, it is desirable to make blocks 30 cm wide, this will slightly increase the consumption of material, but it will provide sufficient strength to the walls, so that the house can withstand even a not too strong earthquake.

When preparing a mortar for building walls or making blocks, we recommend adding a small amount of lime (10-50% by weight of cement) to it. The minimum amount of lime protects the sawdust from rotting when the humidity inside the wall increases, and also prevents the appearance of rodents and various diseases. An increase in the amount of lime increases the strength of the hardened sawdust concrete. Another way to increase the strength of the wall is to add PVA (5–20% by weight of cement). The downside of this solution will be a decrease in the vapor permeability of the wall and a deterioration in the microclimate inside the rooms. We also recommend the use of superplasticizers, which are sold in most construction stores. After all, an increase in water in the solution not only makes it more plastic, but also reduces strength. The addition of superplasticizers makes it possible to increase the mobility of sawdust concrete without reducing its strength.

For monolithic pouring, it is necessary to create a formwork and lay reinforcement in it, which will bind sawdust concrete around the entire perimeter of the house and increase its strength. Immediately after pouring, the concrete must be compacted with a vibrator to prevent the appearance of air bubbles that reduce the strength of the wall. When working with ready blocks it is necessary to lay a reinforcing belt with an interval of 4-5 rows, which prevents the walls from being squeezed out. If you are preparing blocks, then after pouring the sawdust concrete into the mold, the future block must be compacted using a vibrating table. The drying time of the block before laying the wall and the standing time of sawdust concrete before installing the floor is 20 days.

Floor installation

Concrete floors are mounted depending on their type. Hollow is laid on a thin layer of mortar using crane, monolithic pour directly on the wall. For wooden floors make special holes, the size of which is 10–20 mm over size lag. Then the boards, beams or logs are first inserted from one side so that they come out from the outside, then they are carefully inserted into the hole on the other side of the house or room. After that, the logs are leveled, and the space between them and the wall is filled with mounting glue or sawdust-cement mortar.

Roof installation

After the construction of the box and the installation of the ceilings, it is necessary to pour a reinforcing belt of reinforced concrete, which will tie the walls and provide conditions for the installation of the Mauerlat, that is, the board to which you will then attach truss system(bearing frame). 20 days after pouring the belt, the Mauerlat boards are laid so that the upper and lower overlap with each other forming an inextricable wooden perimeter, then holes are drilled for anchor bolts. The depth of the holes, excluding the height of the Mauerlat, should be such as to pass through the belt and 1–2 rows of blocks, that is, 40–60 cm. Then, after laying the waterproofing, the Mauerlat is attached to the sawdust concrete and the reinforcing belt anchor bolts, after which a truss system is built on it. The roof structure can be with any number of slopes, as well as any shape, the main condition is that the roof overhangs protrude 40–60 cm relative to the walls, this is necessary to protect sawdust concrete from flowing water. In addition, roof overhangs must be equipped with gutters.

Finishing and communications

Finishing begins with the installation of windows and doors, which are placed in the same way as in brick or stone houses. For interior decoration you can use any materials, but preference should be given to those that pass water vapor well, this will maximize one of the main advantages of sawdust concrete - high vapor permeability. Therefore, they are well suited:

plaster, including cement-sawdust mortar;
drywall;
plywood;
wagon board;
OSB boards.

For exterior finish it is necessary to use only those materials that, in terms of vapor permeability, are not inferior to sawdust concrete. After all, the use of materials with lower vapor permeability will lead to the accumulation of moisture inside the wall, and this will negatively affect the strength of the cement binder and greatly weaken the walls. You can use metal or plastic siding but only in combination with a ventilated façade. If you finish the house outside with a profiled board, then it appearance will be the same as for houses made of glued and profiled timber.

Electrical wiring and plumbing can be mounted either on top of the finish or between the wall and the finish, or laid in strobes punched in the wall. The latter method is only suitable for pipes whose diameter does not exceed 20 mm, therefore, communications are more often laid in other ways. Sewer pipes can be routed through walls, preferably at right angles, this reduces the weakening effect of punching a hole.

aquagroup.ru

making blocks with your own hands and erecting monolithic buildings

Sawdust concrete is an environmentally friendly and safe material that is very popular in one-story construction. It is often used in the construction of cottages and outbuildings. You can build a sawdust concrete house with your own hands without even having special skills. This does not require expensive equipment and materials.

Benefits of sawdust concrete

Woodworking waste, cement, water, sand and binding components are used for the manufacture of building blocks from sawdust concrete. because of a large number sawdust material is lightweight. Cement in the composition of the blocks gives them strength.

Blocks with a size of 390x190x190 mm and a weight of no more than 20 kg are considered optimal. Often, in the manufacture of part of the cement is replaced by clay, lime or liquid glass, which reduces the cost. finished products. By changing the percentage of components, it is possible to produce material of various density, strength and porosity.

Pros of construction

Although simple and inexpensive components are used in the manufacture of sawdust concrete, this material has a lot of advantages. positive properties. Its advantages:

Cons of building materials

Despite all the advantages of sawdust concrete, builders note some of its shortcomings. These include:

A high degree of hygroscopicity, which requires additional wall cladding and the use of various additives.
When building a house of sawdust concrete with your own hands on several floors, you need to add more cement to the blocks. This increases the cost of construction.
The material has a rather large shrinkage, which complicates Finishing work.

DIY blocks

Strict compliance technological requirements is a prerequisite for making quality products. As wood filler sawdust and shavings are used, which are taken in a ratio of one to one. They should be free of earth, dust, roots and bark.

Fresh wood waste not suitable for manufacturing. They are pre-aged for 3 months or treated with lime. Before making blocks, wood waste is sifted through a sieve. A concrete mixer is used to mix the components, since it is impossible to mix them thoroughly by hand. For the production of blocks, the following materials will be required:

wood waste: sawdust and shavings;
lime or alumina;
cement brand M300;
water;
additives: liquid glass, ammonia acid, sodium sulfate and others.

Exist different types sawdust concrete, which differ in composition, manufacturing method, the amount of binders and mineral additives. Building material is made as follows:

mix cement, filler, sand and lime in the required proportions;
mineral additives are dissolved in a container with water;
the resulting solution is added to the mixture of components;
thoroughly mix the resulting composition.

The resulting mixture should be plastic and homogeneous. To check its quality, you need to squeeze the resulting raw material in your hand. In a quality composition, moisture should not come out between the fingers, and the mixture in the hand should not crumble. Otherwise, binders are added to it.

Blocks can be made from the resulting mixture different forms and sizes. Prepared for pouring special shapes with removable bottom. The building composition is poured into them in layers and tamped down. The blocks are left until completely hardened, after which they are removed from the molds and sent to dry in a place protected from sunlight and rain.

Blocks dry out slowly. In order for them to be fully prepared for laying, several months should pass. To obtain high-quality building materials in the manufacture, the following rules are followed:

Advantages of buildings

Buildings made of sawdust concrete comply with all sanitary and hygienic standards. They keep warm and good sound insulation. Sawdust concrete blocks have a large number of pores, which provides natural ventilation rooms and maintains optimal humidity in them.

Building a house from sawdust concrete with your own hands is quite budgetary. Blocks can be made independently, all the necessary components are easy to purchase in stores. Their manufacture must begin in advance, as the blocks must dry completely.

Depending on the needs of the construction, you can make products different sizes. Sawdust concrete buildings are erected in two ways:

form sawdust concrete blocks and work with them in the same way as with any block material;
monolithic sawdust concrete is made using formwork casting.

The second method gives an advantage in speed, but the construction of smooth formwork is laborious. Since sawdust concrete is highly hygroscopic, the walls must be plastered. This is done after the building has completely shrunk, approximately 8 months after construction.

Construction of foundations and buildings

Sawdust concrete houses are lightweight, so they can be built on any soil. The only exceptions are those that are too heaving. The foundation for houses can be shallow. As a foundation, driven piles or strip base. You can also use columnar foundation, the supports for which are made of concrete or brick. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the financial capabilities and wishes of the owner.

The foundation is waterproofed with roofing material, bituminous mastic or other materials. Additionally, it is sprinkled with sand at a distance of 0.5-1 m to prevent contact with the soil. To a height of up to half a meter from the base make brickwork, which will protect sawdust concrete from melt water.

block buildings

The walls of houses from sawdust concrete blocks are erected in the same way as from block materials another kind. The following compositions are used as a mortar for masonry:

Adhesive for porous materials. It allows you to create thin seams that prevent heat loss. But it does not give the opportunity to correct the geometric defects of the blocks.
If the wood filler is treated with moisture-repellent agents, then masonry can be used cement mortar. It well corrects the unevenness of the blocks and strengthens the walls.

Blocks begin to be laid from the highest corner of the foundation. When laying, the horizontal and vertical walls are regularly checked. Every three to four rows, the masonry is reinforced with a metal or plastic mesh. The size of masonry joints should be no more than 8 mm, otherwise there will be significant heat loss.

Window and door openings are framed with a bar or channel. After the last row of blocks is laid, a support beam is attached around the perimeter of the walls for mounting the roof.

bay houses

To speed up construction, monolithic sawdust concrete is often used. To make monolithic house from sawdust concrete with their own hands, they mount formwork from steel sheets, moisture-resistant plywood or lumber. Shields are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. Her optimal height- 60 cm. The formwork is filled building mix. After the material has set, the formwork is shifted, then the next level is poured. As a result, a monolithic wall is obtained, which dries and gains strength as a single array.

Before the construction of the foundation, geological tests are carried out to determine the composition of the soil, the level of freezing and the depth of occurrence. ground water. The results of the analyzes allow you to choose optimal view foundation.

Do-it-yourself houses will last a long time, subject to manufacturing technology. Living conditions are comfortable. The cost of building houses from sawdust concrete is much lower than that of buildings made from other materials.

tvoidvor.com

Sawdust concrete house: its advantages and construction technology

The most important advantage of a house made of wood concrete (sawdust concrete) is the cheapness and simplicity of its construction - this is an excellent alternative to expensive modern building materials. Such buildings were developed in the last century, and their main purpose was to dispose of waste from the woodworking industry. Today, sawdust has been found to be more successfully used, and wood concrete houses have remained practically unclaimed. But this does not mean that they have sunk into oblivion. Their lot in modern world These are dachas and, with rare exceptions, residential private houses. In vain, of course, since the material is very good - if not as the main bearing walls, then, at least as a heater, it can be used with great success. It will be discussed in this article, in which, together with the site stroisovety.org, we will deal with the question of how to build a house from sawdust concrete? We will study the features of this material, the technology of its manufacture and the nuances of construction.

Building a house from sawdust concrete photo

Sawdust concrete house: its advantages and disadvantages

There are a lot of advantages that a house made of sawdust concrete has, as well as, in general, disadvantages. With this material, an interesting picture is obtained - all the advantages are completely overlapped by the disadvantages and vice versa. It is difficult to say whether he is good or not - judge for yourself. The advantages of this material include the following points.

In principle, smaller, practically insignificant advantages can be listed further, but there is not much point in this - I think the essence of this material is already clear. Let's take a closer look at the disadvantages. These include the following qualities of the structure.

The high hygroscopicity of this material - it is not only quickly, but simply instantly saturated with water during rain. It is possible to deal with this, but, again, this is an increase in the cost of construction.
If we compare wood concrete with concrete and even with aerated concrete or cinder block, then its low strength will turn out - such a structure will not withstand heavy loads, so we can already talk about the construction of the second floor with a stretch and some changes in the project.
Fragility, although here depending on what to compare - frame buildings from OSB, he clearly outdoes, but he will be far from brick or other block and monolithic buildings.
A lot of nuances in the construction. Of course, it is difficult to attribute this moment to shortcomings, but non-compliance with at least one of them will entail, to put it mildly, trouble.
Required exterior wall trim waterproofing material- at least plaster with a layer of at least 20mm. In short, a fur coat.

Now judge for yourself the pros and cons of a house made of sawdust concrete - what outweighs, you get. Most importantly, do not lose sight of the fact that good house This is a structure that can stand for at least a century.

How to build a house from sawdust concrete: two construction technologies

Arbolite in its initial consistency is a very fluid mass that can be sculpted as you like - with the same success you can cast small blocks from it and then put walls out of them, or, having installed formwork, cast the walls of the house, as they say, in one fell swoop, saving yourself time and money. Let us consider in more detail the features, or rather the advantages and disadvantages of one and the other construction technology, comparing them with each other.

All other construction nuances for these two technologies are identical, and if it is possible to purchase ready-made sawdust concrete in blocks, then it is better to do so.

A flooded house made of sawdust concrete: how to prepare a solution

As in the case of ordinary concrete, its counterpart from sawdust can have different densities, and therefore there are differences between different mixtures by brand. According to building standards, sawdust concrete can have a density of 500, 650, 800 and 950 kg / m³. What is the density of this material? Naturally, on the ability of the walls to withstand loads - to put it simply, on the ability of the walls to withstand the weight of the roof or the second floor of the building for a long time. In any case, for building a house, it is better to choose sawdust concrete with maximum strength, even if you do not plan to build a second floor and equip it with a roof on metal frame. Just in case, we give the proportions of all four grades of sawdust concrete.

Now, as for the direct technology for the preparation of sawdust concrete, there are some subtleties here. It will be wrong to mix everything at once, as a poor quality solution will be obtained. First you need to prepare two different compositions: one of them is dry-mixed sawdust, sand and cement, and the second is water with clay and lime dissolved in it. After all this is ready, the resulting two components are mixed together. Mixing is a lengthy process - each sliver must be thoroughly coated with a solution. The result should be a composition that, when compressed by hand, will not fall apart. The solution should not be liquid and flow along the bottom of the concrete mixer - its consistency should resemble a semi-dry plastic mass.

A house made of monolithic sawdust concrete: the subtleties of construction

As mentioned above, the construction of a sawdust concrete house is associated with large quantity nuances, which are very important to observe - they affect performance characteristics finished building and the durability of the building. Let's deal with them in more detail.

In principle, this is all, and at the end of the topic, how to build a house from sawdust concrete, there is not much left to add. In particular, about additional measures precautions that, in principle, are used in the construction of any house are the blind area, foundation drainage and the roof drainage system. You can also add a few words about the thickness of the outer walls - sawdust concrete perfectly retains heat in the house, even with its thickness of 400mm. Ideally, you can do more, bringing the thickness of the walls to at least 500mm.

stroisovety.org

How to build a house from sawdust concrete with your own hands

Building a house with your own hands is quite common, despite the other beliefs of many. Yes, most use the services construction companies, they quickly organize the construction, give a guarantee of quality for the future construction, and satisfy any request of their client. But at the same time, they need to pay, and you have to pay quite a lot for the construction of your house. That is why we are trying to build our own house and save money on it.

Do not be afraid of such construction, you need to think that you are building your own own house, which means that everything is not in vain. But do not think that building a house with your own hands is a very simple task, no, it is quite difficult, but possible. And in order to simplify your task, and as a result achieve the highest quality, you need to carefully plan the construction process and make the right decisions. Break down the construction of your house into stages and solve problems as they come.

Stages of building your house:

What material to build your house from

There are simply too many on the market today. building materials, using which you can build your quality home. But not all materials are suitable for do-it-yourself construction, without experience and knowledge in such work. For example, today the construction of houses from finished panels. The speed of such construction is very high, but it is necessary to use construction equipment and have enough knowledge to perform the work.

Even the construction of simple brick can not always be performed by a person who has not previously been involved in such work. Therefore, if you want to build a house with your own hands, you must take a responsible approach to the selection of building materials.

Pay your attention to the sawdust house, at first it may seem like a joke, but, in fact, such houses are built quite often and have a number of advantages. Of course, a house is built not only from sawdust, it is built from sawdust concrete, which has large stock strength, lightness and relatively large dimensions.

The use of sawdust concrete today is a really expedient solution. Such material can be made in special factories, but it can also be made independently. With this approach, you can save maximum amount cash and get really high quality at home. And in order to create such a building material, you need not so many ingredients.

In order to make sawdust concrete, you need to have the following ingredients:

Sawdust; Cement; Sand; Water;

Initially, it is necessary to mix all these components together, then form blocks of the desired size using a special form and wait for complete solidification. After that, you can safely start building a house from sawdust concrete and get all its benefits. Such a house will have maximum energy efficiency, it will be quiet, cozy and warm.

Site preparation

Before you start building a house with your own hands, you should prepare the construction site for building a solid foundation. And at this moment, you still have to use the services of professionals or rent construction equipment yourself. Of course, you can prepare the territory yourself, but this will require a huge amount of effort and time. Yes, and you will not be able to manually prepare the site correctly and be sure that the foundation under the house will be reliable.

In order to build a quality home with your own hands, you need a clean and solid surface on which to place solid foundation your home. You can watch a video on the internet showing how preparations are being made construction site professionals and what result they are striving for.

Foundation construction

The foundation is a very important element of your design, so you need to give it a lot of your attention and effort. A good foundation is a guarantee that the house will be correctly located in space, and over time, cracks will not appear on the facade and the structure will not require repair.

As a rule, during such construction, a monolithic foundation is used, because it is he who gives the greatest guarantees that the house will stand for a long time and will not create problems. Yes, and the construction of such a foundation is very simple. It is necessary to order the delivery of a large amount of the prepared solution and fill it with a previously prepared site for the foundation.

At this point, it is necessary to remember such concepts as foundation waterproofing. Your sawdust house can stand for a long time, but for this you need to protect the foundation from moisture. After construction is completed, it will be much more difficult and expensive to do this than on initial stage.

Since the weight of sawdust concrete is quite small, then huge loads there will be no foundation, so you do not need to spend a lot of money on its construction. Simple design monolithic foundation guarantees you the reliability and integrity of the house for many years.

Construction of a house from sawdust concrete

The advantage of this material is that it is quite light and easy to work with. The blocks are large, so you will watch with your own eyes how it appears new wall your house. Because material is light, you do not need to use large construction machinery, everything can be done manually. Of course, you won’t do it on your own, you will need the help of friends or relatives, with a friendly company you will finish the work much faster.

It should also be understood that although at first glance the masonry is very simple, it has some features. You do not have experience and sufficient knowledge, so get ready to build. Turn on video from detailed instructions how to do such work, and you will already learn a lot of new things. AT good video you will be shown how to work with the material and how to increase the strength of the masonry, but not affect high performance the isolation of your home.

It is really possible to build a house from sawdust without the help of professionals, but you should not rush to do such work without careful preparation. The sawdust concrete wall must be strong, must guarantee insulation inner space, provide a comfortable environment for life, withstand the necessary loads.

Interior and facade finishing works

The sawdust house does not have an attractive appearance, it is necessary to do the finishing. It is not necessary to insulate the structure, because the sawdust concrete itself is already a heater. Therefore, it is enough just to use the panels for decoration on the outside, and to carry out inside quality repair and prepare the house for life. Finishing will be a rather lengthy process, it all depends on the size of the house and your preferences in attractiveness. But at the finishing stage, you will not encounter challenging tasks so you can do everything yourself.

conclusions

Building your own home from sawdust is a very common solution around the world. It cannot be said that the material is too popular, but it exists and is used, while it has a number of advantages. It is easy to work with it, you can watch a video on how to build such a house and do this work as quickly as possible, without the help of professionals.

It is important to understand the fact that sawdust concrete is not the strongest building material on the market. It is lightweight and has a tensile strength, so it should not be used in construction. multi-storey buildings. You will not do this work on your own, and the materials there must be used completely different.

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How to build a house from sawdust concrete with your own hands: photo and video

Modern building materials have a wide range of choices. Building a house out of them is quite simple. But not everyone takes into account that an alternative to standard stone or cinder block has long appeared. You can use sawdust in the construction of a structure and build a house from sawdust concrete.

The project of a three-story house made of sawdust concreteBack to the table of contents

Scope of sawdust in construction

“Sawdust house” is a figurative concept. From this raw material, a modern building material is made, which is called sawdust concrete. In addition, sawdust is used:

If earlier they were simply considered waste products of joinery production, now they have become effectively used in various areas of construction.

This material is made from safe, clean and natural components (composition of sawdust concrete: sand, cement and due to the high content of organic filler (chips) such blocks have good sound-absorbing performance and low thermal conductivity. In terms of its parameters, this material is fully consistent with wood and therefore provides a high-quality microclimate in residential premises.

DIY manufacturing

Blocks of sawdust concrete can not only be purchased, but also made independently, for this you will need:

organic filler such as sawdust or shavings;
sulfate alumina or lime;
Portland cement M300;
water;
mineral additives, namely: liquid glass, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate and ammonia acid.

Sawdust concrete can be distinguished by composition, preparation technology, content of mineral additives and binders. In order to increase strength, sand is most often used.

The production of sawdust concrete is carried out according to the following scheme:

pre-measured shares of sand, cement, lime and filler are mixed;
all prepared mineral additives must be dissolved in a container with water;
the solution that was obtained must be added to the prepared dry mixture;
the whole composition is thoroughly mixed.

It should be noted that the prepared components should not crumble in the hand. If this still happens, you need to add astringents to it and mix everything thoroughly again. The hardening and solidification of the prepared blocks is slow, in order for them to gain their strength, several months must pass.

As a rule, stones of various sizes can be made from this material. To do this, you need to have special forms that have a removable bottom. Then the prepared mixture is poured into them in layers and constantly tamped; after completion of work, everything must be left until completely solidified. Next, the blocks will need to be removed and sent to a place that they do not fall into. Sun rays and moisture, where they finally harden and gain the necessary strength.

Manufacturing rules

In order to make high-quality sawdust concrete, you need to follow certain rules:

Sawdust is added to the water only after the binders and dry sand are thoroughly mixed. Moreover, water is poured only in small portions from an irrigation funnel with small holes.
The main thing in adding water is its quantity, since if it is missing, the material will be damaged. And in case of an excessive amount, drying and hardening will not go as it should.
Then you need to check the quality of the substance. If everything was done correctly, then when squeezed in the palm of your hand, the material will not fall apart and will give off light moisture.
After the block has completely hardened, its surface should be well rubbed on all sides with cement or gypsum. Formwork can be removed after 5 days have passed.
In order to increase the service life of walls made of this material, you can replace the plaster with a brick cladding.

Quality

Exist different kinds building materials that are used for the construction of houses, sawdust concrete is especially distinguished among them, which has its own unique advantages:

this raw material can be classified as lightweight concrete;
the material has fairly good thermal insulation properties;
a wall of such blocks of 40 cm in its thermal conductivity can be easily compared with a brick wall of 1 m;
sound insulation performance is significantly higher than that of standard concrete;
this material is frost-resistant, fire-resistant and vapor-permeable (it can withstand temperatures of 1100-1200 degrees for about 2.5 hours), which is why it belongs to the group of slow-burning substances;
ecologicaly clean;
among all types of lightweight concrete, it has the lowest thermal conductivity.

All these positive qualities has sawdust concrete. Reviews of builders indicate that this material also has disadvantages, which include hygroscopicity. Its water absorption is from 8 to 12%. But this shortcoming can be smoothed out. Exterior walls must be overlaid with brick or in another way to finish the facade, thereby protecting the walls from getting excess moisture.

Before making sawdust concrete, chips must be treated with water-repellent compounds, which will reduce hygroscopicity.

It is important that this material is easily fed machining, so during the construction of the walls there will not be much waste.

Classification

Like all types of building materials, sawdust concrete blocks must comply with GOST 6133-99. They are organized according to the following parameters:

1. Usage:

intended for laying internal and external walls;
partition parts are used only for the construction of partitions.

hollow - have through holes, which are formed during the manufacturing process (this is done in order to give the block the necessary performance characteristics);
corpulent - partition or wall parts that do not have internal voids.

3. Dimensions:

in accordance with the above GOST, bricks for laying walls can be of the following sizes: 288x138x138 mm, 288x288x138 mm, 290x190x188 mm, 390x190x188 mm, 90x190x188 mm and 190x190x188 mm;
dimensions of partition parts: 390x90x188 mm, 590x90x188 mm and 190x90x188 mm.

It is also possible to manufacture blocks and other required sizes.

Price

Wooden stone, or stone tree, as sawdust concrete is called, is also a fairly cheap material. Sawdust concrete, the price of which is low, is considered the most affordable when compared with other materials. For example, one that has dimensions of 390x190x188 mm, made from sand and screenings, costs approximately 23 rubles on the market. A stone that has the same dimensions, but is already made of sawdust concrete, will cost 3-4 rubles cheaper, and at the same time it is lighter and warmer.

By the way, it can replace 7 bricks (the cost of one is 5-7 rubles). It is easy to calculate that a wall made of a mixture of sawdust and concrete will cost 2.5 times cheaper than a brick wall. In other words, to build a box of a house 8 by 8 meters, 20,000 bricks will be needed, the owner will have to pay 140 thousand rubles only for stones, the same amount to give to craftsmen for masonry and 40,000 rubles for sand and cement. If you use sawdust concrete, then the price of such a building will vary from 100 to 150 thousand rubles. Agree, a tangible benefit.

Let's compare sawdust concrete with other materials: the price per cube of brick will be 3 times higher than the cost of a cinder block cube, 2 times a cube of natural stone, 1.5 times a cinder block.

Manufacturing technology

In order to properly prepare sawdust concrete, the proportions must be observed according to the recipe. All ingredients can be purchased at any building supply store. The basis is chips, or any waste from woodworking enterprises. In order to prepare stones of the M20 brand, it is necessary to take 200 kg of cement, 50 kg of clay or lime, 500 kg of sand and 200 kg of sawdust.

For the manufacture of blocks, wood components must be sifted, and if necessary, further crushed. For sifting, you need a sieve with cells of 10x10 mm. Then the prepared ingredients must be soaked in salts to remove the adverse effect of the sugary substances that make up the wood filler on cement stone. Also, such impregnation will give the material non-combustible properties and protect against damage by rot and fungi. For these purposes, you can use sodium sulfate, lime, aluminum, sodium, potassium, or

It is best to mix sawdust concrete, the proportions of which were observed correctly, in a concrete mixer or in any other similar mixer, since it is quite difficult to do this by hand. mixed with cement and sand, then lime (clay) dough is added and again everything is thoroughly mixed. Then you need to pour water in small portions. Then mix the resulting mass thoroughly.

In order to determine whether the mixture is ready or not, you need to squeeze it in your hand. Ready can be considered a mixture in the form of an elastic lump without excess moisture. The prepared mass should be laid out in forms and carefully compacted so that excess air is completely released. All this must be done quickly enough, since after 1.5 hours the mixture will already set.

There are no strict requirements for the size and shape of the prepared blocks. The width is most often determined by the size of the wall, and the height remains a multiple of several rows of bricks (taking into account the mortar between them). This will become especially convenient if at the end it will be superimposed brick cladding for sawdust concrete. Feedback from builders suggests that very large blocks should not be made, as they will dry for too long, and the deformation during shrinkage will be significant. In order to avoid such troubles, several holes are made in them. Forms for the manufacture of large stones are prepared single or double.

For blocks small sizes it is best to use molds that can be filled with 4 to 9 stones. For their manufacture, boards 30 mm thick are most often used, then they are upholstered with tin, plastic wrap, plastic, linoleum or other material, adhesion with cement of which will be negligible. Outside, the form is pulled together with U-shaped ties with nuts at the ends. For large structures it is necessary to provide additional screeds or a stiffener.

Reviews

AT recent times very often in construction such an inexpensive and quality material like sawdust concrete. Feedback from builders who often work with him confirms its main advantages. These include:

Environmental Safety. This material is made only from natural ingredients (sand, sawdust, cement), which ensures its high environmental friendliness.
In terms of vapor permeability and sound absorption, it can be compared with wood.
It fully complies with the established sanitary and hygienic standards.
Due to the low thermal conductivity of the material and the voids that are in it, the sawdust concrete house will be warm enough.
A small specific gravity reduces the cost of transportation and installation of the foundation.
Ease of processing greatly simplifies construction. Such blocks can be sawn, very easy to drill, and it will not be difficult to drive a nail into a sawdust concrete wall in the future.
The material has high bending and tensile strength.

Despite all the advantages, builders can also hear negative reviews about this material. The disadvantages include the following points:

Relatively high degree moisture absorption, which requires measures for additional moisture protection.
There is a need to increase the content of cement in the block when building several floors. This can lead to higher costs, deterioration in the quality of thermal insulation and increased requirements for the strength of the foundation.
There is a relatively high degree of shrinkage, which complicates the finishing work.

How to build a block house

A house made of sawdust concrete in terms of all sanitary and hygienic indicators will have good sound-proofing and heat-shielding qualities. Due to the presence of a large number of air pores that exist inside this material, the walls will firmly retain heat and guarantee the natural ventilation of the premises, thereby maintaining optimal humidity.

From sawdust concrete, it turns out to be quite budget-friendly construction of a house (the price of the material was discussed by us above). In addition, blocks, in addition to what can be purchased at any hardware store, are easy to make on your own. You need to know that this material must be prepared in advance for laying if you did it yourself. To do this, it should be dried for several months.

Recently, private construction has become popular, blocks of various sizes are used for it, depending on the needs. Walls made of such raw materials will be strong enough, light and low heat-conducting. If properly built, they will last a very long time.

As we said above, sawdust concrete is characterized by increased moisture capacity. Therefore, after construction, the walls must be plastered, but this is best done after complete shrinkage (this process will take approximately 8 months).

A sawdust concrete bath, like a house, must be very durable, so the walls must be reinforced with wooden slats or brushwood, which is previously cleaned of bark. The prepared reinforcement is laid every 40 cm in several rows. In this case, great attention must be paid to the corners and interfaces of the walls.

A large number of craftsmen use sawdust concrete for their work. Reviews of builders about this material are very good and will be useful if you are going to make it yourself. In order to produce high-quality blocks, it is necessary to take into account a number of recommendations:

for thorough drying between them you need to leave gaps;
before pouring the material into molds, they are placed on pallets and sprinkled with a thin layer of sawdust;
the mixture must be well compacted; for this purpose, builders often use a manual rammer;
it is better to dry the prepared blocks in drafts, due to this, the solidification time will be reduced;
you must not forget that it can rain, if there is no canopy, polyethylene should be prepared in order to have time to cover the material in case of bad weather.

In order to find out how durable the material turned out, you can conduct a test. To do this, the prepared block is dropped from a height of 1 m, if it remains intact, it means that it is of good quality.

Construction of a monolithic house

Today it is considered very fashionable and comfortable. rapid construction. Masters often use monolithic sawdust concrete. For the construction of this type, it is necessary to lay two layers of roofing felt waterproofing over the foundation. When low plinth you need to complete several rows of brickwork. Then the formwork is mounted, the material for which can be steel sheets, lumber, moisture resistant plywood.

The height of the installed shields should be approximately 60 cm. At the time of pouring the first layers on the side of the foundation, stakes are driven into the soil to the full height of the walls. The selected material for the shields is wedged between the side surfaces of the foundation, and then the stakes are joined together by pieces of bars, and those that are located on opposite sides of the wall are pulled together with wire.

At the end of the pouring, the pegs should remain in the walls, then they will be used to fasten the shields during the rearrangement of the formwork, and after the private construction is completed, to fix the crate during cladding.

The prepared mixture for sawdust concrete is poured in layers, the height of which does not exceed 15 cm, and then it is carefully rammed. At one time, the wall can only be raised by 20-30 cm, after which you need to take a break for 5-7 days. Every 40 cm it must be reinforced longitudinally with wooden slats or steel mesh.

After the pouring is completed, a belt of timber is laid out on top, which will later serve as a support for the roof elements. It is very important to protect new walls from moisture. For this future roof performed with wide overhangs, and the facade is veneered.

It won't cost much to build a house. The price of sawdust concrete is quite acceptable for the average resident of our country. The building will serve for many years, its walls built from this material will not require insulation, and masonry of 40 cm will provide protection from frost even at -35 degrees.

What is sawdust concrete

Sawdust concrete is a hardened mixture of sawdust and cement milk in various proportions. By increasing the proportion of sawdust, the thermal insulation properties of this building material are raised, and by increasing the proportion of cement, they make it more durable. Increasing the size of sawdust and using chips, increase the strength of the material for twisting and breaking. The specific gravity of the hardened sawdust concrete is 600–1800 kg / m 3, which is 2–3 times lower than that of brick or concrete, so the walls load the foundation less. Despite the high content of wood, this material flares up very hard and quickly goes out without constant fire support, therefore houses made of it are comparable in terms of fire hazard to concrete and stone buildings.

House construction technologies

There are two main technologies by which you can build a house from sawdust concrete:

monolithic filling;
laying pre-prepared blocks.

The walls, which are built using the monolithic pouring technology, are more durable and lack cold bridges, which makes it warmer in such a house in winter. In addition, during the construction of such walls, it is not necessary to produce high-strength matrices for pouring finished blocks. However, this technology also has disadvantages, the main of which is the need to quickly mix and pour a huge amount of sawdust concrete. You have to do this yourself, using a concrete mixer, because concrete plants do not produce such material. Another drawback is that it is necessary to create formwork for the entire floor, and this not only increases the cost of buying wood, but also complicates the pouring, because in such conditions it is difficult to compact the material with high quality.

Building from prefabricated blocks also has its advantages:

blocks can be prepared without haste for several years, storing them in a dry, ventilated room;
when laying walls, there is no need to do everything very quickly, working with anguish;
Due to its low weight, even one person can easily handle the laying of blocks.

The main disadvantage of building using this technology is the very high requirements for molds for casting blocks. After all, the optimal thickness of the adhesive between them is 5 mm; for this, the difference in the dimensions of any of the sides of each block in comparison with the standard should not exceed 2 mm. In addition, it is very important to give the block a strictly rectangular shape, because if the thickness of the adhesive exceeds 7 mm, then cold bridges form, because the heat transfer of the adhesive solution is several times higher than that of sawdust concrete.

Preparation for construction

Before starting construction, it is necessary to draw up a project, and for its development it is desirable to involve a qualified and experienced engineer, as well as a good surveyor. After all, it is possible to choose the right foundation only taking into account all the characteristics of the soil, and it will be difficult to do this without a surveyor. In addition, only a qualified design engineer or an experienced house-building engineer can choose and calculate the foundation correctly, taking into account the characteristics of the soil, soil mobility and other factors. After preparing the project, they make an estimate of all materials and necessary work, this will avoid confusion and a serious increase in costs caused by improper logistics for the delivery of building materials and other similar factors.

In most regions of Russia, tape and screw foundations of various sizes are suitable for such houses. At the same time, it is important that the foundation support be below the freezing depth of the soil, otherwise it is likely that it and the walls will be damaged by frost heaving. Therefore, a combination of screw and strip foundations, that is, pouring a powerful grillage over screw piles, is the best solution for many places, however, in some areas, instead of a grillage, a monolithic slab has to be poured. After pouring, and in some cases before pouring, the foundation and basement are insulated according to the project. It is advisable to do this even if the house is planned to have an insulated or heated floor, because reducing heat loss through the foundation will improve the temperature regime of the house and reduce heating costs. After pouring the foundation, it is necessary to wait 15–20 days, and then proceed with the construction of the box.

Wall construction

The proportions of sawdust concrete components are the same for both methods of wall construction and depend on the height of the house and the expected level of thermal conductivity. To ensure the necessary strength, the thickness of the walls should be 20–40 cm. If this thickness is not enough in terms of heat loss, then the best way out is not to increase the thickness, but to build two walls with an air gap between them. 5 cm of air between two sawdust concrete walls, in terms of its effect on heat loss, is comparable to a third wall 20–25 cm thick. That is, by building two walls 20 cm thick with a gap between them of 5 cm, you will provide a level of thermal insulation sufficient for any Russian region. Such walls must be connected to each other with sawdust concrete lintels, this will increase their strength and bearing capacity.

When preparing a mortar for building walls or making blocks, we recommend adding a small amount of lime (10-50% by weight of cement) to it. The minimum amount of lime protects the sawdust from rotting when the humidity inside the wall increases, and also prevents the appearance of rodents and various diseases. An increase in the amount of lime increases the strength of the hardened sawdust concrete. Another way to increase the strength of the wall is to add PVA (5–20% by weight of cement). The downside of this solution will be a decrease in the vapor permeability of the wall and a deterioration in the microclimate inside the rooms. We also recommend using superplasticizers, which are available at most hardware stores. After all, an increase in water in the solution not only makes it more plastic, but also reduces strength. The addition of superplasticizers makes it possible to increase the mobility of sawdust concrete without reducing its strength.

For monolithic pouring, it is necessary to create a formwork and lay reinforcement in it, which will bind sawdust concrete around the entire perimeter of the house and increase its strength. Immediately after pouring, the concrete must be compacted with a vibrator to prevent the appearance of air bubbles that reduce the strength of the wall. When working with ready-made blocks, it is necessary to lay a reinforcing belt with an interval of 4-5 rows, which prevents the walls from being squeezed out. If you are preparing blocks, then after pouring the sawdust concrete into the mold, the future block must be compacted using a vibrating table. The drying time of the block before laying the wall and the standing time of sawdust concrete before installing the floor is 20 days.

Floor installation

Concrete floors are mounted depending on their type. Hollow ones are laid on a thin layer of mortar using a crane, monolithic ones are poured directly along the wall. For wooden floors, special holes are made, the size of which is 10–20 mm larger than the size of the log. Then the boards, beams or logs are first inserted from one side so that they come out from the outside, then they are carefully inserted into the hole on the other side of the house or room. After that, the logs are leveled, and the space between them and the wall is filled with mounting glue or sawdust-cement mortar.

Roof installation

After the construction of the box and the installation of the floors, it is necessary to fill in a reinforcing belt of reinforced concrete, which will tie the walls and provide conditions for the installation of a mauerlat, that is, a board, to which you then attach the truss system (bearing frame). 20 days after pouring the belt, the Mauerlat boards are laid so that the upper and lower overlap with each other forming an inextricable wooden perimeter, then holes are drilled for anchor bolts. The depth of the holes, excluding the height of the Mauerlat, should be such as to pass through the belt and 1–2 rows of blocks, that is, 40–60 cm. Then, having laid the waterproofing, the Mauerlat is attached to sawdust concrete and the reinforcing belt with anchor bolts, after which a truss system is built on it . The roof structure can be with any number of slopes, as well as any shape, the main condition is that the roof overhangs protrude 40–60 cm relative to the walls, this is necessary to protect sawdust concrete from flowing water. In addition, roof overhangs must be equipped with gutters.

Finishing and communications

Finishing begins with the installation of windows and doors, which are placed in the same way as in brick or stone houses. Any materials can be used for interior decoration, however, preference should be given to those that pass water vapor well, this will maximize one of the main advantages of sawdust concrete - high vapor permeability. Therefore, they are well suited:

plaster, including cement-sawdust mortar;
drywall;
plywood;
wagon board;
OSB boards.

For exterior decoration, it is necessary to use only those materials that, in terms of vapor permeability, are not inferior to sawdust concrete. After all, the use of materials with lower vapor permeability will lead to the accumulation of moisture inside the wall, and this will negatively affect the strength of the cement binder and greatly weaken the walls. You can use metal or plastic siding, but only in combination with a ventilated facade. If you trim the house from the outside with a profiled board, then its appearance will be the same as that of houses made of glued and profiled timber.