Dimensions of clinker bricks for outdoor use. Finishing facades with clinker bricks. Clinker brick: what is it

If you buy a brick, then clinker. This is the conclusion of home owners who are worried about durability. Ceramic brick is no worse, and the features of the clinker are as follows.

The raw materials are lean grades of charge, which are saturated minerals and magma. Firing at high temperature gives the workpiece strength and wear resistance. These indicators can be 2-3 times higher than the properties of ceramic models.

In the collections of facing clinker of different brands there are shades that are not typical for ceramics - green, black, white, motley. Bavarian masonry is represented by a variety of tones of one palette.

This also shows the originality of the species. Russian wall material is produced in 0.5nf, 0.7nf, 1nf formats. Imported models mostly custom size DF and RF.

The main difference between clinker is low water absorption of 2-6%. Masonry becomes invulnerable to an abundance of moisture. For the climatic conditions of the Central Federal District with temperature fluctuations, an abundance of rain and snow load clinker brick is a lifesaver.

The Brikus company has selected for you models of not just well-known brands.

Manufacturing plants with a 20-year history of enterprise development deserve attention. Such a long period, when the products are ordered by the second generation, is not easy to be on the building materials market. Of the Russian brands, we still have LSR and RECKE.

This wall direction appeared in our country not so long ago, but it is already attracting attention. Our company is official distributor brands, so we offer clinker bricks in Ryazan for low prices. For masonry, we recommend quick-mix dry mixes, selected for the water absorption of the material.

Description of clinker facing material Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

Clinker is often used in the construction of buildings in the style of ancient eras, but it can also act as an excellent cladding for modern buildings. In our country, clinker bricks are more often used in private construction for luxury housing. What are clinker products, what are their sizes, and how they differ from classical ceramics, we will talk about this further.

Figured clinker brick is a real find for design ideas. With his participation, it is possible to transform the most banal landscape into a whole work of art. Clinker is used when it is necessary to pave sidewalk areas near large office buildings, since such a brick is able to withstand more significant loads than analogous materials.

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Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

The formats of the products produced are very diverse: from standard and generally accepted to the most atypical. This allows designers to implement a variety of ideas.

The range of diverse shaped materials with both protective and aesthetic properties is also very extensive.

The material is not cheap.

Therefore, his selection should be taken seriously. Products of this kind are made in our country, and in Ukraine, and in Europe. It makes sense to turn to manufacturers that have proven themselves in the market, have been operating in this industry for hundreds of years and tremblingly protect the traditions of technology.

A reliable reputation, for example, has long been earned by German and Dutch companies. It is only important to note that their standards of modernity have some differences from those familiar to our compatriots.

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 cm basic brick dimensions for cladding and finishing works.

The frost resistance of bricks (letter F) usually has the designations 35-100. The higher the number, the higher the frost resistance. The frost resistance of clinker bricks is 150.

When hit with a hammer on high-strength grades (M150-300) of products, they break off the smallest crumb and form sparks, but do not break. The strength of the clinker reaches at least M400.

Clinker material for cladding is a kind of "aristocrat" in the construction finishing market. Its technology has been known for a long time, as well as its quality and long service life.

The modern market is steadily replenished with new building materials that are superior to those already available in terms of characteristics, properties and cost. However, there is an indisputable fact that the clinker brick is out of competition.

Its durability, strength, appearance and other properties greatly increase its competitiveness. Therefore, let's talk today about the dimensions of facade, facing and other types of clinker bricks (clinker), its properties and specifications.

Clinker bricks are produced in several formats, ranging from standard to atypical ones. building materials shapes and sizes. This feature makes it possible to implement any design projects. At the same time, the material itself does not differ in affordable cost, so it must be chosen wisely.

The market presents products from Russia, Ukraine and European countries. Germany and Holland are famous for the highest quality products, while domestic production has a more affordable cost.

The main standard dimensions of clinker bricks (length*width*height), cm:

24.0*11.5*7.1(basic);25.0*12*6.5(single);25.0*8.5*6.5(euro);25.0*6.0 *6.5 (half).

For the production of non-standard sizes, some deviations are allowed. The weight of the QC can be in the range of 1.6 - 3.3 kg.

About the durability of clinker bricks (brick), its strength, service life and other properties, read below.

The video below will tell you in more detail about the dimensions of the clinker:

CC has the following characteristics:

Compressive strength of clinker bricks is about 250-350 kgf / cm2, which will differ depending on the brand; Water absorption is 5-6%; Frost resistance of clinker bricks is 200 freeze-thaw cycles at 100% humidity; Minimum density is 1500 kg / m; Number of voids up to 30%;Specific gravity 2000-2100 kg/m3;Average value of thermal conductivity 1.15 W/Mk;High fire safety. The impact of fire does not lead to their destruction. The service life is 130-150 years.

The characteristics of clinker bricks say little to the common man, but for a professional they are extremely important.

This video will tell about the properties of clinker bricks:

Due to the fact that the material is subjected to high temperatures during the production process, the result is a clinker brick with increased strength and low water absorption coefficient. Its density allows it to withstand up to 1 ton per 1 cm2 without loss and change in structure. to fungus, bacteria and other destroyers.

High frost resistance is achieved as a result of the minimum number of pores that can absorb water. If we compare this material with concrete, then QC is several times higher than it mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and durability.

Due to the fact that the clinker is fired at temperatures above 18000C, the resulting product is extremely resistant to fire. With prolonged contact with it, the brick does not change its structure and integrity.

According to GOST standard 32311 of 2012, clinker bricks are produced taking into account all norms and requirements. This document provides for the division of clinker bricks into ceramic and additional ones, which are used for paving garden paths, zones for pedestrians, squares, flooring of terraces, loggias and so on.

GOST distinguishes bricks:

It is unlikely that anyone will undertake to argue that the term "clinker" is on the lips of most Russians. And at the same time, clinker brick has a history of its existence of about two hundred years. It is popular in European countries and USA.

Clinker brick has properties such as frost resistance and strength.

Description of clinker facing material

This technology gives the clinker high strength and durability. Clinker facing material has excellent performance characteristics: it is resistant to water, frost, creates a good barrier against the penetration of sounds and heat leakage. The density of the structure gives it excessively high wear resistance and prevents contamination.

Clinker acts as a universal building material, which allows it to be used in various areas of construction. Such brick is involved in the process of construction of new buildings and in the reconstruction of worn-out ones, they are used to line the facades of houses and construct columns from it, decorate window openings, etc.

For cladding, facade clinker, specially designed for this purpose, or colored (or glazed), is used. Glazed clinker products can have not only different shades, but also are glossy and matte. It depends on the glazing method.

Conventionally, the glazing method looks like this: paint of the required shade is applied to the finished clinker products (2 layers), they are placed in the oven for a short period of time.

Repeated firing is carried out at a temperature of more than 1200 ° C. As a result, the coating is sintered with the clinker surface. Glazed material does not lose its rich color for many years.

Quite often, clinker bricks are used in the arrangement landscape design. Such a variety as paving clinker fits perfectly into the surrounding natural conditions of the natural landscape. When laying paths from clinker products, there is no need to worry: the paths will not deteriorate over time.

Without a doubt, clinker cladding is durable, strong and beautiful. But few people realize that it is also safe from an environmental point of view.

Clinker production technology does not provide for the addition of chemicals and impurities. Therefore, such a brick is rightfully an environmentally friendly material for construction. What becomes an important factor in the conditions of mass propaganda of protection environment.

Exterior decoration of the house requires certain knowledge, taste and money.

With all these qualities, there will be no problems with the choice of material for external cladding.

Clinker brick, the most durable and resistant to any destructive influences, is the most preferred material for home decoration.

It is able to protect the walls from any influences, to form a stylish and very atmospheric appearance of the house, reminiscent of solid old buildings.

It is worth knowing as much as possible about the properties of this material, it deserves it.

Clinker brick for facade

Clinker brick is one of the varieties of ceramic material with the highest hardness and strength.

The material is made from special raw materials - kaolin clay, which contains special substances (aluminum oxide, iron oxide, etc.), which enhance the properties of bricks during firing and give the material a certain shade of color - from cherry to dark purple. Gray and black tints are due to carbon monoxide, which appears due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen during firing.

There are two technological modes for the manufacture of clinker bricks. The first and most common is extrusion. The plastic material is continuously pulled through the molding slots with periodic trimming.

The second way is individual molding, made for more expensive grades of material made for specialized nominal orders. From the point of view of stability of shape and dimensions, the first method is preferable, which gives a standard size of material that facilitates work.

The properties of the material allow it to be used in a somewhat unusual quality - for example, for finishing pools or paving sidewalks. The material copes with these duties quite effectively.

Photo of a house with clinker bricks:

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of clinker bricks are:

High strength, material hardness.
Durability corresponds to the life of the building.
Almost complete absence of moisture absorption, high frost resistance.
Resistant to sudden changes in temperature.
High decorative properties of front brick.
Lots of color and texture options.
Resistant to mold, mildew, moss, etc.
No fading from exposure to UV rays.
Does not require any care.

At the same time, there are disadvantages:

For the formation of a high-quality coating, you will need to contact professional masons.
The cost of material and work is much higher than that of other finishing materials.
If you need to maintain the same color as possible, you will have to buy right away right amount material from one batch, since the features of the technology cannot always ensure color stability.

Types of clinker facing bricks

Facing clinker brick may have different types surfaces:

Glossy.
Glazed.
Matte.
Corrugated (textured).

In addition, there are several sizes:

Single (1NF).
One and a half (1.4 NF).
Double (2.1NF).
"Eurostandard" (0.7 NF).
Modular, single (1.3 NF).

By block density:

Hollow (facing).
Full-bodied (multifunctional).

In addition to the usual shape in the form of a parallelepiped, clinker cladding bricks are available in various modifications designed to accurately design the architectural elements of the building.

brick options non-standard shape(additional brick) a lot, they are all designed to form transitions at different angles, design edges or bends of the plane. In total, there can be about 20 options for a non-standard form.

Elements that can be decorated with such blocks:

Bay windows.
Columns.
Corners with rounded or indented edges.
Arches.
Window sills.
Plinth eyebrows.
Cornices, etc.

In addition, there are several brick formats used in Russia and Europe.:

DF - 240x115x52 mm.
RF - 240x115x65 mm.
NF - 240x115x71 mm.
WDF - 210x100x65 mm.
2DF - 240x115x113 mm.
3DF - 240x115x175 mm.

In Russia, the NF format is most often used, although almost all types of material are commercially available.. When buying, you should specify the format, especially if you plan to combine different types of bricks so that there is no mismatch in size.

Properties and specifications

The main parameters of the clinker facing brick :

Density - 2000 kg / m3.
Thermal conductivity - 1.17 W / m ° C.
Moisture absorption - 3-5%.
Frost resistance - 200 cycles.
Vapor permeability - 0.07 mg / (m h Pa).
Acid resistance - 95%.
Fire resistance - not less than 1800 °.
Service life - 130-150 years (some manufacturers claim a service life of up to 200 years).

The technology of firing clinker bricks allows you to create a structure that is practically devoid of pores. The moisture absorption of such material is extremely low, which ensures high frost resistance. The only important condition is the absence of open planes (beds) of hollow bricks, into which water can penetrate and break the material when it freezes.

Useful feature clinker bricks is the ability to carefully disassemble the cladding (for example, if it is necessary to insulate a wall or replace a failed insulation) and lay this brick again on a new one. Clinker materials quite easily cleaned of hardened mortar, providing the possibility of reuse of the cladding.

Preparing the wall for facing

Facing the house with clinker bricks has been produced for decades. The presence of any flaws on the walls is an issue that requires a complete and final decision before laying the facing brick, since then it will be too late.

Therefore, all existing shortcomings of the walls must be eliminated. In addition, the installation of insulation must be carried out on flat surface, which does not form gaps or cavities that can prevent the removal of moisture from wall materials and become a place for water to accumulate.

Wetting building materials or insulation will quickly disable them and start the process of destruction, which is unacceptable and must be excluded at the preparation stage.

Stages of production preparation:

Cleaning the surface of all foreign objects or materials. Removal old paint, formed layers, shedding.
All flaws in the walls, already existing or formed during cleaning, must be repaired with putty. Cracks should be well expanded to determine their structure - inside they can expand and form significant cavities.
If problem areas are big sizes and there are too many of them, the best option is to completely plaster the wall.
The leveled surface is impregnated with two layers of deep penetration primer - primer. This operation will help strengthen the contact of the special adhesive for insulation with the wall., will fix the upper layers of the wall material, protect them from destruction.
The insulation is installed according to the usual technology - in dense rows without gaps or gaps, on a special glue with additional fastening with fungi - dowels with wide caps. Slab mineral wool, polystyrene or foam plastic, etc. are used as insulation.

On top of the insulation (vapor-permeable), a sealed layer of waterproofing membrane must be laid.

Cladding technology

The cladding can be laid with or without a ventilation gap. The need for ventilation of the lining space arises when using a vapor-permeable insulation. When installing impermeable types of material, a gap is not needed, and steam is removed from the inside using enhanced ventilation. In this case, the lining is laid close to the insulation, which requires special attention to its position relative to the plane and vertical.
Laying starts from below on the ledge of the foundation. If its width is small, it should be increased with metal corner attached to the foundation with anchors.
The first row of bricks is laid in compliance with ventilation gaps between every 3-4 bricks. They are gaps in the size of the usual distance between adjacent bricks. but not filled with solution. The topmost row of bricks is formed in a similar way. The gaps allow for ventilation. ventilation gap and remove water vapor from it.
Laying is carried out with an offset of 1/2 brick. For stability, the cladding is connected to the wall with anchors every 3-4 rows. They are installed slightly below the row spacing and are slightly bent up so that the flowing water falls on the waterproofing, and not on the cladding. Anchors are tucked into inter-row seams for at least 2/3 of the length.
The laying technology is no different from the generally accepted one. Expansion joints required to compensate for thermal expansion are made every 12 meters(on the north side of the house - every 15, dark brick on the illuminated side of the house requires 9 m). Expansion joints are made along the line of brick joints and subsequently filled with sealant or other elastic material that does not allow water to pass through.

Useful video

In this video you will learn about the pros and cons of clinker bricks:

Conclusion

Clinker brick is the most durable and reliable facing material that can serve without changes for centuries. High price on this material is fully compensated by the lack of worries after laying, and the properties and quality of facing clinker bricks are the benchmark for all outdoor finishing materials. Appearance buildings distinguishes it from many other houses, making the building solid and soundly finished.

expert-dacha.pro

Description of clinker facing material

Clinker products are made from a special kind of refractory clay by firing at elevated temperatures (over 1000 ° C). The result of firing at such a high temperature is a homogeneous composition of products, without voids and particles of foreign origin. This technology gives the clinker high strength and durability. Clinker facing material has excellent performance characteristics: it is resistant to water, frost, creates a good barrier against the penetration of sounds and heat leakage. The density of the structure gives it excessively high wear resistance and prevents contamination.

Conventionally, the glazing method looks like this: paint of the required shade is applied to the finished clinker products (2 layers), they are placed in the oven for a short period of time. Repeated firing is carried out at a temperature of more than 1200 ° C. As a result, the coating is sintered with the clinker surface. Glazed material does not lose its rich color for many years.

Quite often, clinker bricks are used in landscaping. Such a variety as paving clinker fits perfectly into the surrounding natural conditions of the natural landscape. When laying paths from clinker products, there is no need to worry: the paths will not deteriorate over time.

Without a doubt, clinker cladding is durable, strong and beautiful. But few people realize that it is also safe from an environmental point of view. Clinker production technology does not provide for the addition of chemicals and impurities. Therefore, such a brick is rightfully an environmentally friendly material for construction. What becomes an important factor in the conditions of mass propaganda of environmental protection.

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Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

The formats of the products produced are very diverse: from standard and generally accepted to the most atypical. This allows designers to implement a variety of ideas.

The range of diverse shaped materials with both protective and aesthetic properties is also very extensive.

The material is not cheap. Therefore, his selection should be taken seriously. Products of this kind are made in our country, and in Ukraine, and in Europe. It makes sense to turn to manufacturers that have proven themselves in the market, have been operating in this industry for hundreds of years and tremblingly protect the traditions of technology.

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 cm basic brick dimensions for cladding and finishing work.

The frost resistance of bricks (letter F) usually has the designations 35-100. The higher the number, the higher the frost resistance. The frost resistance of clinker bricks is 150.

When hit with a hammer on high-strength grades (M150-300) of products, they break off the smallest crumb and form sparks, but do not break. The strength of the clinker reaches at least M400.

Clinker material for cladding is a kind of "aristocrat" in the construction finishing market. Its technology has been known for a long time, as well as its quality and long service life.

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Description and characteristics of clinker

Clinker bricks are obtained by molding and high-temperature processing of mixtures of carefully ground refractory clay, minerals and silicates with a slight addition pure water. The main requirement of the manufacturing technology is the slow firing of products in tunnel-type furnaces with heating up to 1300°C. Under these conditions, the raw mass is sintered with the highest possible uniformity, forming a high-strength element without cracks and fine pores.

It is characterized by high color stability, but due to the absence of foreign impurities in the composition, its shades are always natural. The range of colors is wide - from light to almost black. The texture can be anything: from smooth to rustic or velvet. Dimensions comply with standards, in the case of Russian production - GOST 530-2012, foreign - European ISO standards. To reduce weight and improve thermal insulation qualities, they are mostly hollow, but there are exceptions. Despite the different shape of the edges and possible absence chamfers they have a high accuracy of geometric parameters.

Properties and characteristics of facade clinker

Performance indicators:

The value of water absorption does not exceed 6%, for most advanced manufacturers - 5.
Withstands at least 100 freezing cycles.
The minimum allowable strength grade is M250.
Not afraid of fire and withstands direct contact with the flame. For this reason, it is recommended to buy it not only for facades, but also for facing fireplaces.
The minimum density is 1500 kg / m 3, the average for most products is 2000-2100.
Thermal conductivity does not exceed 1.15 W/m °C.
The average voidness is 30%. Slotted clinker brick size 1NF weighs no more than 2.3 kg.
Durability reaches 100 years or more.
Absolutely resistant to UV and biological hazards.

Pros and cons of application
The considered features and disadvantages include fragility, in order to avoid unnecessary expenses, the terms of delivery, unloading and laying are negotiated separately. This finish is considered elite, the minimum cost is 1400 rubles / m 2 (excluding installation services). When buying foreign-made products, they increase at least twice.

Unambiguous advantages - resistance to most external influences, high decorativeness, strength and durability. Facades made of clinker bricks remain unchanged throughout their entire service life, this option is chosen when finishing "for centuries". The scope of application is not limited by climatic conditions, but installation is carried out exclusively in warm and dry weather.

stroitel-lab.ru

What is clinker brick?

Peculiarities

Clinker facing brick has unique physical and decorative properties. They are conditioned unusual technology production and use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from the so-called lean clay with high content quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. Under the influence of high temperature, the sand turns into glass. The firing conditions of blanks are very different from standard ones. To obtain a product of the desired quality, the temperature in the kiln must be maintained exactly at the level of 1300 ° C. For comparison, in the process of firing an ordinary brick, 900 ° C is sufficient. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees a minimum porosity of the material and its density. It acquires exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Strength and safety

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

Durability

Safety: eco-friendly and flame retardant

Clinker facing brick includes only natural ingredients: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This building material can be confidently attributed to the most environmentally friendly. Clinker brick can withstand temperatures up to 1800 ° C without deformation. It owes this degree of fire resistance to the refractory mixture from which it is produced. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

disadvantages

Applications

Types of clinker facing bricks are determined by purpose. Facade is used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum safety and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide range of color shades and textures of this type of brick. Pavement is used for paving garden and driveways. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. The construction view is used in the construction of socles and foundations.

Sizes and colors

double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

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Production technology

The term "clinker" itself has German roots and means "brick" in translation. It is traditionally believed that small-piece clinker products with the best properties produced in Germany and Poland. The manufacturing technology of this type of brick is very simple: it is produced by firing in specially equipped kilns by exposing refractory grades of clay high temperatures(working temperature indicators, which is about 1200 °C, an order of magnitude higher than when firing a standard ceramic brick) until complete sintering of the feedstock. As a result, we can safely say that since only clay is included in the composition of clinker bricks produced today, such material is more likely to be related to ceramic products, like faience or terracotta. It should be noted that the clinker production process requires scrupulous observance of all technological nuances, a special relationship to the molding of products and the quality of raw materials.

Varieties of clinker bricks

The varieties of this material that exist today determine the features of the application of each specific type of these products.

Clinker facade tiles is a kind of decorative facing small-piece material used in the decoration of facades, as well as a decorative finishing material (for interior decoration) rooms of various types. Its release is regulated by GOST 530-2012. Today, hollow, full-bodied facade clinker is produced.
Technical clinker is used for arranging sidewalks, pavements, garden paths, platforms both outside and inside. Paving clinker is a more expensive type of technical clinker, which has the same scope.
Acid-resistant clinker has excellent ability to withstand various aggressive environments. It is actively used when laying out the facades of buildings and structures.
Waterproof clinker has proven itself well in the arrangement of various hydraulic structures operated in high humidity conditions.
Specialized clinker allows you to finish surfaces with intricate, complex shapes. The production of small-piece products of this type involves the manufacture of diverse corner elements(besides the standard ones). Some manufacturers offer clinker facing bricks for various surfaces.
Clinker used in decorative finishing works or in the construction of structures (arbors, fences, sheds, etc.) with a small load on the supporting structures.

The production of all types of clinker bricks, except for facade bricks, is not standardized and regulated specifications each specific manufacturer. The difference in the characteristics of each type of clinker is achieved by using different types of clays that differ in the initial data.

Dimensions and weight

The main dimensions of the clinker:

250 x 120 x 65 mm (1 NF - single);
250 x 85 x 65 mm (0.7 NF - "euro");
250 x 60 x 65 mm (0.5 NF - half).

In the manufacture of non-standard products, deviations in dimensions are allowed (dimensions are set by a specific manufacturer on an individual basis).

The weight of clinker bricks depends on the manufacturer and can vary from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

Depending on the brand and manufacturer, there may be the following characteristics:

strength grades: M200-M1000;
water absorption: 3-6%;
density: from 1500 to 2000 kg/m³;
thermal conductivity: from 0.4 to 0.9 W / (m ° C);
frost resistance: from 100 to 300 cycles;
voidness: up to 48%.

Advantages

more than a solid service life (at least 100 years);
high aesthetic qualities;
high strength characteristics;
the possibility of manufacturing a huge range of products with any shape, color, texture;
the possibility of a wide scope of application;
versatility.

disadvantages

The disadvantages of clinker products include a very significant point - their high cost, exceeding at least 2 times the price of conventional ceramic bricks. However, if we consider this factor in the light of the fact that the service life of clinker objects is many times higher than the same indicators for structures made of ordinary brick, then talk about the shortcomings of the first does not stand up to criticism. In addition, for laying this type of brick, it is necessary to use special solutions, due to its low water absorption.

Reasoned Choice

When deciding on the choice of clinker bricks as a building material, it is worth studying in detail the photos, videos of various examples of its use in the construction of objects of varying complexity and purpose. After reviewing the reviews on the operation of clinker brick structures, we can conclude that today it is the optimal material for the construction of objects of any complexity.

mainavi.ru

Clinker bricks have excellent decorative properties and amazing durability. What are its areas of application? What range of sizes, types, colors and textures is available to customers? We will talk about this in this article.

What is clinker brick?

Due to the unique combination of elegant appearance and excellent performance, this building material is considered elite. Its use will help the house look aesthetically pleasing, while giving the facade strength and durability. Clinker brick is much more expensive than other facing materials, but its quality justifies the costs. It was invented and started to be produced in industrial scale in Holland in the 19th century. Its name in translation from the Dutch language means "voiced". At first, it was used only for paving roads, but later it became one of the most popular materials for exterior and interior decoration.

Peculiarities

Clinker facing brick has unique physical and decorative properties. They are due to unusual manufacturing technology and the use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from the so-called lean clay with a high content of quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. Under the influence of high temperature, the sand turns into glass. The firing conditions of blanks are very different from standard ones. To obtain a product of the desired quality, the temperature in the furnace must be maintained exactly at the level of 1300 ° C. For comparison, in the process of firing an ordinary brick, 900 ° C is enough. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees the minimum porosity of the material and its density. It acquires exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Strength and safety

Clinker facade facing bricks do not require special care and efforts to preserve the aesthetic appearance. Dirt does not penetrate into its surface and is easily washed off with water, this is ensured by the extremely low porosity of the material. This property also prevents the appearance of mosses on the walls. Over time, the color of the brick does not fade, since mineral dyes are added directly to the clay during the formation of blanks. This facing material retains its original appearance throughout its entire service life.

In terms of strength, clinker facing bricks are twice as superior to ordinary ones. It has a high level of compression resistance and resistance to mechanical damage. Architects use it to build foundations and plinths of buildings that carry the weight of the structure and must withstand heavy loads.

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

The internal structure of clinker bricks is characterized by exceptional density, due to the preliminary pressing of raw materials and firing at high temperatures. The almost complete absence of microscopic pores prevents the penetration of moisture. Clinker facing brick absorbs 3-5% of water from its mass. If the product has a glazed surface, then it does not absorb moisture at all. For comparison, for other materials, this figure is 25%.

Low moisture absorption provides tangible benefits. Facing can be used in complex climatic conditions without taking additional efforts to protect it from precipitation. There is a relationship between moisture absorption and frost resistance. If a brick absorbs a lot of water, its structure collapses at low temperatures. Clinker brick is free of this drawback and can withstand at least 75 freeze and thaw cycles.

Durability

According to this parameter, this material confidently holds the leading position. Subject to all technological requirements in the process of using it in construction and operation, the warranty period can reach up to 100 years. This phenomenal durability is the result of the numerous positive qualities of clinker bricks. Low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and strength reliably protect it from all destructive environmental influences.

Safety: eco-friendly and flame retardant

Clinker facing brick includes only natural ingredients: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This building material can be confidently attributed to the most environmentally friendly. Clinker brick can withstand temperatures up to 1800 °C without deformation. It owes this degree of refractoriness to the refractory mixture from which it is produced. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

disadvantages

With many advantages, clinker facing bricks also have some disadvantages. These include its low soundproofing properties. In addition, in terms of heat savings, it is about two times inferior to ordinary red brick. It is worth noting that this disadvantage is partially offset by the fact that manufacturers produce many hollow types of this product. For example, facing clinker bricks for exterior finish in most cases it occurs in this variant. Hollowness significantly increases thermal insulation.

Applications

Types of clinker facing bricks are determined by purpose. facade used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum safety and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide range of color shades and textures of this type of brick. sidewalk used for paving garden and driveways. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. Building the view is used in the construction of socles and foundations.

Sizes and colors

There are strict standards in accordance with which clinker facing bricks are produced. Dimensions cannot have deviations greater than 4 mm in length, 3 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness. Accuracy depends on the quality of the manufacturer's equipment and the qualifications of its specialists. There are three main sizes of this building material:

single (250 x 120 x 65 mm);
one and a half (250 x 120 x 88 mm);
double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

European standard - 250 x 85 x 65 mm. The products of German manufacturers are the most popular. Russian clinker facing brick occupies a small market share. A wide range of colors of this material is available to customers. Companies offer about a hundred shades created by adding mineral dyes to raw materials. Decorative properties combined with durability make clinker bricks one of the most attractive materials for exterior and interior decoration.

highlogistic.ru

Dimensions and weight of clinker bricks

Clinker bricks are produced in several formats, ranging from standard to atypical shapes and sizes for building materials. This feature makes it possible to implement any design projects. At the same time, the material itself does not differ in affordable cost, so it must be chosen wisely.

The main standard dimensions of clinker bricks (length*width*height), cm:

24.0*11.5*7.1 (base);
25.0*12*6.5 (single);
25.0*8.5*6.5 (euro);
25.0*6.0*6.5 (half).

For the production of non-standard sizes, some deviations are allowed. The weight of the QC can be in the range of 1.6 - 3.3 kg.

About the durability of clinker bricks (brick), its strength, service life and other properties, read below.

The video below will tell you in more detail about the dimensions of the clinker:

Specifications

CC has the following characteristics:

The clinker brick compressive strength is about 250-350 kgf / cm 2, which will differ depending on the brand;
Water absorption 5-6%;
The frost resistance of clinker bricks is 200 freeze-thaw cycles under the condition of 100% humidity;
The minimum density index is 1500 kg/m;
The number of voids up to 30%;
Specific gravity 2000-2100 kg / m 3;
The average value of thermal conductivity is 1.15 W / Mk;
High fire safety. Exposure to fire does not lead to their destruction.
The service life is 130-150 years.

The characteristics of clinker bricks say little to the common man, but for a professional they are extremely important.

This video will tell about the properties of clinker bricks:

QC properties

Due to the fact that the material is subjected to high temperatures during the production process, the result is a clinker brick with increased strength and low water absorption coefficient. Its density allows it to withstand up to 1 ton per 1 cm 2 without loss and change in structure. In addition, due to this property, the brick is resistant to fungus, bacteria and other destroyers.

High frost resistance is achieved as a result of the minimum number of pores that can absorb water. If we compare this material with concrete, then KK is several times higher than it in terms of mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and durability.

Due to the fact that the clinker is fired at temperatures above 1800 0 C, as a result, the finished product is extremely resistant to fire. With prolonged contact with it, the brick does not change its structure and integrity.

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What is clinker brick and what are its differences from other types

In accordance with GOST 530-2012, the product is described as durable and with exceptionally low moisture absorption, which provides it with excellent performance and decorative properties. The material can be used in aggressive environments and for finishing work and cladding of buildings.

The product has the shape of a regular parallelepiped with dimensions specified by the current standard. The outer surface of the clinker brick has a slightly rough texture, the color of which ranges from light yellow to dark brown. In total, there are about a hundred shades, the formation of which is achieved by introducing special additives into the composition of the raw materials.

Clinker bricks differ significantly from ordinary ceramic bricks in the following ways:

During the laying of clinker bricks, masons use modified cement-sand mixtures. Such solutions have a minimum setting time, which allows you to reduce the time standards during the construction process. building structures. For decorative purposes, the seams between the blocks are embroidered and overwritten cement compositions with the addition of a coloring pigment. This increases the complexity of the technological process, but also significantly improves the appearance of the masonry.

Types of clinker bricks

Building material of this type is classified according to its intended purpose. The following types of clinker bricks are offered to the consumer:

Technical characteristics of clinker bricks

The production of this building material is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 530-2007 and 7484-78. Technical characteristics of clinker brick are determined by its physical and chemical properties and internal structure. The product has high density and extremely low porosity, which provides it with low water absorption and excellent frost resistance.

The main technical characteristics of clinker bricks are presented in the table:

Density of clinker brick

High technical specifications of this building material are provided by its composition and structure. The density of clinker bricks is in the range from 1900 to 2100 kg/m 3 , and such indicators are achieved due to the sintering of mineral raw materials during the firing process. This minimizes the porosity of the products, which, in turn, prevents the penetration of moisture inside.

The high density of clinker bricks is the result of pre-compression of the raw material at the stage of its formation. AT individual cases presses develop a force of up to 5,000 kg/cm2, which increases such a block parameter as compressive strength. This building material, used for the construction of foundations and plinths of buildings, experiences great pressure from walls and other structures without destruction.

Hollowness

In order to reduce the overall load on the foundations, unloaded building elements are lightened as much as possible. Facing or facade clinker bricks in most cases are made hollow. In the body of the product, for this, through holes or notches different shapes: they can be rectangular, cylindrical or conical. Voids in clinker bricks are formed during the pressing stage using special molds.

The hollowness of the product is characterized by a special parameter - the coefficient and is defined as the ratio of the total volume to the real one. For certain types facade clinker bricks, this figure can reach 35 - 40%. In addition to purely decorative functions, such a cladding is also a good heat-insulating layer, which reduces energy losses through the walls.

Thermal conductivity

The performance characteristics of building materials are closely related. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of clinker bricks has the highest value among analogues. This indicator is in the range from 0.8 to 1.16 W / m ° C, for comparison, a solid block is 0.5 - 0.7 W / m ° C, and a porous block is 0.22 W / m ° C, warm ceramics and at all - 0.11 W / m ° C.

The high thermal conductivity of clinker bricks is determined primarily by its density. It was possible to reduce this value somewhat only for hollow samples used for cladding buildings. Support structures: foundations and plinths built from this type of brick need additional insulation. This will help to significantly reduce losses through the building envelope.

moisture absorption

This parameter characterizes the ability of clinker bricks to absorb a certain amount of water. The dense internal structure of the material complicates the processes of moisture absorption. The small porosity of the product is achieved in the process of pressing and firing at high temperature, which leads to sintering of individual particles. The result is a mass with a small number of voids.

Clinker bricks with low moisture absorption characteristics can be used for the construction of critical structures. including those used in aggressive environments with high humidity. Products with glazed surfaces do not absorb water at all, which ensures their durability. This building material is not prone to the formation of efflorescence.

Frost resistance

Clinker brick is able to effectively withstand fluctuations in air temperature up to extreme values. The material has excellent frost resistance, according to the standard, the product can withstand at least 75 cooling and heating cycles. This indicator is determined by high density and low moisture absorption coefficient.

This property of clinker bricks is widely used in construction, the material is used in the construction of buildings in latitudes with a cold climate. Bricks used for paving paths and sidewalks have maximum frost resistance. The material is in constant contact with moisture-saturated soil, which has a certain effect on it. Nevertheless, experts note the durability of these landscape elements.

fire resistance

The production technology of clinker bricks provides for its firing at high temperatures. The structure of the material contains a significant proportion of refractory components, which provide excellent fire resistance. Tests show that the product can withstand temperatures of at least 1800 °C. Structures made of this material remain stable, being under the influence of fire without deformation and destruction.

Soundproofing properties

The high density of clinker bricks determines the low ability to damp acoustic vibrations in it. Accordingly, the soundproofing properties of this material are rather mediocre. Actually, the name of the product, translated from German, means “voiced”, it is these sounds that occur when hitting it. Enclosing structures made of this material need additional sound insulation.

Vapor permeability

The internal structure of clinker bricks is characterized by extremely low porosity. This circumstance explains the low vapor permeability of products. This indicator has a numerical expression in the form of an appropriate coefficient, which for these products ranges from 0.03 to 0.07 mg / (m h Pa). Low vapor permeability facade brick ensures the safety of enclosing structures from moisture. In indoor areas buildings made of this material efficient system ventilation.

Environmental friendliness

Clinker bricks are made from natural minerals, and the technology of its production ensures the creation of a stable and dense structure. Products are highly environmentally friendly, during operation they do not emit volatile chemical compounds harmful to humans. Raw materials and finished products undergoes mandatory radioactivity testing. Manufacturers strictly adhere to the requirements of the current standard in this matter.

Dimensions and geometry accuracy

Clinker bricks are produced in accordance with standards that define all of its main characteristics. Products are produced in three main sizes, which are designated by builders as follows:

single - size 250 × 120 × 65 mm, designation 1 NF;
one and a half - dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm marking 1.4 NF;
double - dimensions 250 × 120 × 140 mm, designation 2.1 NF.

There are other types of products: clinker bricks, the dimensions of which are 250 × 85 × 65 mm, are called "Euro" and are marked as 0.7 NF. In addition to those mentioned above, they also have a modular single block with a size of 288 × 138 × 65 mm, referred to as 1.3 NF. Incomplete products are also produced, which are named according to fractional parts: “three quarters”, “half” and “quarter”.

The accuracy of manufacturing clinker bricks is strictly regulated by the requirements of the standard. Permissible deviations in length should not exceed 4 mm, in width - 3 mm, in thickness - 2 mm. Products must have the shape of a regular parallelepiped with a maximum divergence of parallel faces of no more than 3 mm along maximum size. The greatest deviation from the plane on any side is 3 mm.

Facing brick is rightly called one of the best materials for facing a house. After all, an excellent appearance, combined with technical characteristics, fully meets the requirements of any home owner, and big choice colors, shapes and textures, only expands the available possibilities. Consider what else is a facing brick: dimensions, prices and other characteristics of this material.

The requirements for the inner surface of the walls of the house are several times less than the requirements that apply to the cladding of the outer part of the house. And if in the first case you can use ordinary clay or silicate brick, as well as foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks, then to provide a really attractive appearance for the outside of the house, you can only use facing bricks for the facade.

But even in the case when the choice is made in favor of facing bricks, the owner of the house has yet to make a difficult choice and give preference to one or another of its options. Consider what types of this material are, and what you should pay attention to when choosing.

The parameters of a brick are directly determined by the technology of its production, so that, depending on the features used for the production of materials and related processes, 4 types of finishing bricks are distinguished:

ceramic;
concrete (hyperpressed);
silicate.

Moreover, each of the listed options is also available in 2 types - hollow and full-bodied, so the choice is really wide. Let's briefly consider the characteristics of each of the options, as well as its features and benefits.

Helpful advice! In addition to the fact that hollow bricks have a significantly lower weight (the difference is about 25-35%), they also more effectively resist heat loss, surpassing solid bricks by 10-15%.

Another interesting question - how much does one brick for facade cladding weigh? The weight of a facing brick is determined by the material from which it was made. For example, a full-bodied silicate (white) brick, the size of which corresponds to the standard, weighs an average of 4.6 kg, and an ordinary ceramic brick intended for cladding will weigh only 1.45 kg.

Ceramic facing brick: sizes, prices and features

This type of brick is produced by firing a specially prepared and shaped mass, which consists of red fusible clay, as well as special additives that can regulate the plasticity of the material. Such auxiliary components include sawdust, quartz sand, ash, coal dust, slag, etc.

Such a mixture is initially formed in the desired shape, and then dried and fired. The main distinguishing point that makes the facing brick different from the usual one is the more thorough preparation of all components before they are formed. This eliminates the risk of cracks, as well as various foreign inclusions that can spoil the appearance of the finished product.

Thus, the resulting material is characterized by an extremely high resistance to moisture, as well as high strength and the ability to effectively retain heat. As for the color and texture variety, here this type of brick is represented by a huge variety. Using mineral dyes that can be added to raw material(usually it is chromium oxide, finely ground manganese or iron ore), manufacturers give the brick an attractive appearance.

Helpful advice! If there is a need to clad a complex architectural element, then you should pay attention not to an ordinary ordinary brick, but to a shaped material that is produced specifically for solving complex problems.

For decoration, one of several methods can be used. In addition to the traditional, which are considered to be smooth and matte ceramic facing bricks, more unusual options can be found on sale, for example, imitations of wild stone. Of course, if for standard products the price will be about 12-15 rubles apiece, then all kinds of imitations will cost much more.

For a ceramic product, the following brick dimensions are considered standard - 250x120x65 mm. At the same time, according to European standards, these indicators are somewhat different - 250x85x65 mm. The thickened version corresponds to the parameters 250x120x88 mm and 250x85x88 mm, respectively.

Interesting! The standard size of a "loaf" brick, which is the most common, is 240x115x71 mm, if guided by European standards.

Clinker decorative facing brick: dimensions and characteristics

Clinker brick is in many ways similar to ceramic. But there are certain differences between them related to the characteristics of the feedstock and the temperature regimes for firing. In order to make clinker bricks, mainly medium-melting and refractory clays are used, so that higher temperatures are required for firing, respectively.

The result of using this technology is a more durable facing brick, which is characterized by a minimum level of water absorption, and excellently resists the effects of various external factors. Such characteristics make it possible to use it not only for decorating the walls of the house, but also as a facing material for the basement of the foundation, paving paths and erecting fences.

But there are also indicators by which clinker bricks are inferior to ceramic ones. For example, this applies to thermal conductivity, which in this case somewhat higher. True, this disadvantage is compensated by the fact that the material is characterized by a high level of resistance to cracking as a result of exposure to low temperatures.

The colors and textures of clinker bricks can be so varied that you may even come across the concept of "collections" that they offer to their customers. various manufacturers. As for the sizes of clinker bricks, here you can find a wide variety of options.

The standard size of decorative bricks can have following parameters- 250x120x65 mm, 250x90x65 mm and 250x60x65 mm. As you can see, the height of the brick can change, but the length and width of the brick remain unchanged. The only exception is elongated elements, the parameters of which are 528x108x37 mm.

Characteristics of concrete facing bricks: prices and sizes

If we talk about which of the facing brick manufacturing technologies is the most justified, then we will have to turn to such an option as pressed non-fired brick. This is largely due to the fact that by eliminating the energy-intensive firing process, production costs are significantly reduced. Cement, water and granite screenings are used as the basis for concrete bricks. By mixing these components together, they are simply given the desired shape and left to harden.

Based on the fact that the main requirement for the material used for facade decoration is resistance to various external factors, then this material more than meets the specified criteria. As far as strength is concerned, concrete bricks not inferior to clinker. And thanks to the different colors, they also look great.

The standard dimensions of a solid concrete brick are presented in three versions - 250x120x65 mm, 250x90x65 mm and 250x60x65 mm. There is also a thickened version of this full-bodied facing brick, with parameters of 250x120x88 mm. But almost any option can be purchased at a price of 25 to 30 rubles.

Interesting! Sometimes you can find a description indicating the size of the "yellow" facing brick. Most often, this is the name of a product made by hyperpressing, based on cement and limestone-shell rock.

Silicate facing brick: photo, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages

Sand-lime bricks are also materials that are made without resorting to a firing process. But this brick differs from the previous version in the components that make up its composition. First of all, cement is not added to the raw material at all. The desired strength of the material is achieved by hardening silica sand mixed with slaked lime. As a stimulator of this process, they resort to the use of an autoclave installation, which provides increased pressure and temperature.

Today, this material is not particularly popular as a facing material. First of all, this is due to its appearance. Despite the fact that manufacturers still developed several color solutions, they all look not too bright and attractive. So in the fight against ceramic or clinker bricks, silicate ones definitely lose.

But if we talk about the positive aspects of such a choice, then the technical characteristics of this material are more than satisfactory. On the one hand, silicate elements are somewhat more susceptible to moisture absorption than clinker ones, on the other hand, they better withstand the effects of repeated wetting, freezing and thawing.

Helpful advice! In order to choose a brick that is suitable in color, texture and shape, it is not at all necessary to spend the whole day visiting construction stores. The easiest way is to go to the site of a reliable supplier, and using the Internet catalog, choose the best option.

The most popular colors and textures of bricks: facing for every taste

The color of fired clay itself is quite bright and attractive, and is often the most preferred option. It is natural colors that are most in demand and for many years have held a leading position. However, there are other options available as well.

It is very simple to give the surface of the facing brick the desired texture. To do this, a textured pattern is applied over the element that has not yet solidified, after which the element is sent to the oven.

Related article:

The history of the origin and technology of manufacturing the product. Classification. Installation features. Rating of popular manufacturers and price of products.

But this is far from the only way design and decoration of the surface of facing bricks. So, along with the main one, the following technologies are also used:

gunning - the process of applying mineral chips to the surface of a brick;
engobing - applying a special composition, which, under the influence of high temperature, provokes the appearance of a vitreous film;
glazing is a process slightly similar to the previous one, with the exception that the composition that is applied to the surface forms a film of greater thickness and strength.

Each of these options is worthy of consideration and can be used in the process. facing works. Moreover, bricks designed using various methods can be combined with each other, making out with their help separate sections facades, doorways, etc. This will avoid monotony in the design.

Available colors of facing bricks from various materials

The color of ceramic bricks depends on how much and what kind of additive was added to the raw material, as well as on firing. Therefore, it is not uncommon to encounter the fact that bricks in different batches have slight differences in color. In order for this not to be conspicuous and not spoil the appearance of the wall, it is recommended to alternately take bricks from different batches. So, the surface color will be as uniform as possible.

If we talk about the colors of ceramic bricks, then it is really represented mainly by red and brown shades. But on the other hand, their variety is so great that the choice is simply impressive.

But hyper-pressed bricks, in the manufacturing process of which there is no firing, are painted in the desired color by adding pigment to the raw material. This allows for uniform coloring throughout the entire volume of the product and avoids inconsistencies in shades in different batches. The most popular concrete bricks are white, black, pistachio, brown, red, peach, gray, chocolate and blue. And those who love non-standard solutions, may consider ivory, straw, terracotta and even green.

By the same principle as hyperpressed, silicate bricks are painted. The pigment is added in the process of mixing the solution using a special dispenser.

Important! Too much paint in the composition of the mortar can adversely affect the strength of the silicate brick, therefore, for this type of product, they often resort to painting only one side.

Among the main colors of silicate bricks, it is worth noting white, pink, yellow, orange, gray purple.

How much does it cost to buy a facing brick: price per piece

In order to understand how much bricks cost, you need to familiarize yourself with the standards established by GOST. It is there that it is written what sizes of bricks are standard, and what should be the weight of one brick of one kind or another.

First of all, it should be noted that both domestic and European standards are equally recognized in the modern market, so when choosing the right material, you need to pay attention to this. Due to such double standards, all material is further divided into 2 more categories:

NF - normal size - 240x115x71 mm;
DF - thinner - 240x115x52 mm.

The second option is more in line with architectural classics, but when choosing and buying material, you must make sure that all elements are of the same standard. Otherwise, in the process of cladding, you will have to face a considerable number of difficulties.

Considering the existing types of material, the cost of facing bricks was also briefly considered. But still, it will be useful to once again compare how much a facing brick of one type or another costs in order to come to a conclusion about the appropriateness of one or another choice.

So, the scene of one hollow ceramic brick with standard sizes will be from 12 to 20 rubles. But the price of a one-and-a-half facing brick, the size of which is 250x120x88 mm, will be slightly higher - from 20 to 28 rubles.

Clinker bricks are more expensive than ceramic ones. For example, with product parameters of 250x85x65 mm, you will have to pay at least 29 rubles for one piece, and this is taking into account the fact that its surface will be smooth. Bricks with a textured pattern are even more expensive - from 34 rubles.

Approximately the same brick price per piece for hyper-pressed material. The lower limit of the cost is 23 rubles, and for textured elements - 25-30 rubles per unit.

Almost as available as ceramic, colored silicate brick. Its cost, subject to a smooth surface, is 15 rubles per unit, and if the texture is textured, the price increases markedly - 24-26 rubles.

The cost of bricks is highly dependent on its size, strength, and resistance to frost. But there are other factors, for example, a product of a foreign manufacturer will cost much more than a domestic one. So it’s worth considering in advance whether you are ready to overpay for the name of the company or whether you prefer a simpler and cheaper option.

Interesting!You can find goods at such low prices only among offers from domestic manufacturers. Rates foreign companies usually noticeably higher, and the cost of some elite bricks can reach 100-130 rubles apiece.

Recommendations for the installation of facing bricks with your own hands

The installation process of facing bricks is not too different from the process of laying ordinary building bricks, but there are still some nuances that you should pay attention to in advance:

before finally laying all the bricks with mortar, you need to lay them out “dry” to make sure that the masonry is uniform. This must be done because non-standard brick sizes (ceramic or any other), which are almost always found in a batch, did not spoil the appearance of the facade;
if there is a need to reduce the length of the brick, then for trimming you need to use a grinder with a disk specially designed for this;
the mortar on which the bricks are laid can be the same as for laying ordinary bricks. The only condition is that the sand must be pre-screened;
if you want to decorate the wall in a single color scheme, color components can be added to the composition of the solution;
the ideal size of the seams between facing bricks for vertical up to 12 mm, for horizontal up to 10 mm.

Important!It is strictly forbidden to use a disc designed for working with metal for cutting bricks. This can adversely affect the brick, making it unsuitable for further use, and also lead to a malfunction of the cutting blade itself.

In general, in order for the wall to end up with an attractive appearance, special attention should be paid to the formation of gaps. To do this, laying must be done in such a way that the solution does not reach the edge by 10-15 cm. To achieve this it was easier, you can use a special template that allows you to quickly and easily cope with the task.

Another secret that everyone who undertakes independent wall cladding should know is the need to ensure the breathability of the masonry. To do this, you need to leave every fourth vertical seam empty without filling it with mortar. Due to this reception, the air will be able to circulate freely and the humidity will be regulated.

If mortar gets on the front side of the brick during work, it must be removed immediately to prevent drying. Since the material reacts quite quickly with the alkaline solution, it may not be possible to completely remove the stain later on.

Having become acquainted with the whole variety of facing bricks, as well as their sizes, prices and characteristics, each home owner can choose the highest quality and suitable option for your façade. Of course, when choosing, you have to focus not only on the appearance of the material, but also on the price of finishing bricks for the facade. However, it is quite possible to find an attractive and inexpensive option that will satisfy all your wishes.

Facing external walls brick helps to improve the appearance of the building and protect the main masonry from the negative effects of the environment. Clinker brick for the facade is strong and durable, and a diverse palette of natural shades and exquisite textures that imitate natural stone, will allow you to create exquisite finishes and ennoble the facade of the house.

What are they made of?

The composition of the clinker facade brick includes a mixture of plastic refractory refractory clays, which contain:

Aluminum oxide within 17-23%. Reduces viscosity during firing, thereby reducing deformation of the final product.
Iron oxide up to 8%. The excess of it chemical compound during firing blocks the release of carbon dioxide. Due to this phenomenon, swelling of the surface occurs.
Calcium within 7-8%. Excess leads to deformation, increased porosity and reduced strength.
Magnesium oxide is 3-4%. Excess of this connection gives a large shrinkage.

Production technology

Classic clinker is produced by hand in Germany at Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk and fired at a temperature of 1200-1400 °C in ring kilns for 10-14 days. This makes the brick super strong and the color unique. The hallmark of the plant was silver and gold clinker.
With any type of material manufacturing, its obligatory firing is carried out.
In addition to piece production, there are modern automated production. With any method of formation, extrusion method or semi-dry pressing, the firing step will be the same. For this, two hundred meter tunnel ovens are used. The brick moves on a conveyor through chambers with different temperature conditions from 1000 to 1400 °C. Clay sinters completely and turns into an aesthetically attractive monolithic stone.

extrusion method
The finished plastic mass is transferred to the extruder.
Under pressure, clay passes through holes of a certain shape and configuration.
The resulting long strip is cut to a given brick width.
Raw materials are sent for drying to a moisture content of 2-3%.

Semi-dry pressing method
The clay is cleaned, dried, ground to a powder state.
Moisten with steam and fall asleep in the mold.
The powder, by compression of 15-40 megapascals, is compressed.
Raw material is moved to drying chambers, where they are kept for about 48 hours at a temperature of 80-85 ° C to required level humidity.

Advantages and disadvantages

Semi-dry pressing of the material significantly reduces its final cost.
The energy consumption of the semi-dry pressing method is lower than the extrusion molding method and, as a result, the cost of bricks is reduced. However, it will be more difficult to get the ideal geometry and impeccable quality of the material using a press. Such products are also inferior in terms of density to those made on an extruder conveyor. But they are more expensive.

Dimensions and Specifications
The facade of high-rise buildings is finished only with hollow bricks in order to reduce the load on the foundation. The difference in weight reaches 35%. Cladding a house made of clinker bricks with slotted products has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity, which allows you to better retain heat in the house. According to GOST 530-2012, the clinker material for the facade must have a frost resistance index of at least 75 cycles, a strength grade - from M250, a water absorption level - 3-5%, a density class - 2.0 and standard sizes, which are indicated in the table:
The dimensions of the material may have minor errors.
GOST provides for permissible deviations, (indicators are indicated in mm):
length ±4;
width ±3;
thickness ±2;
for curvature:
surfaces ±3;
ribs ± 3.

For decoration, convenient fractional sizes are produced: “quarter”, “half”, “three-quarters”. Clinker bricks from European manufacturers have their own marking and format:
Marking Dimensions, mm
D.F. 240×115×52
RF 240×115×65
NF 240×115×71
WDF 210×100×65
2DF 240×115×113
Types of clinker bricks for the facade

The material can be produced with a rounded edge.
Clinker, in addition to the standard rectangular parallelepiped, has many shapes: internal rounding and external, beveled corners, straight and semicircular cuts. It is possible to make a collection of clinker facing bricks under individual project with non-standard elements of decoration and color schemes.

Marking	Dimensions, mm
D.F.	240×115×52
RF	240×115×65
NF	240×115×71
WDF	210×100×65
2DF	240×115×113

Exterior decoration of the house requires certain knowledge, taste and money.

With all these qualities, there will be no problems with the choice of material for external cladding.

Clinker brick, the most durable and resistant to any destructive influences, is the most preferred material for home decoration.

It is able to protect the walls from any influences, to form a stylish and very atmospheric appearance of the house, reminiscent of solid old buildings.

It is worth knowing as much as possible about the properties of this material, it deserves it.

Clinker brick is one of the varieties of ceramic material with the highest hardness and strength.

The properties of the material allow it to be used in a somewhat unusual quality - for example, for finishing pools or paving sidewalks. The material copes with these duties quite effectively.

Photo of a house with clinker bricks:

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of clinker bricks are:

High strength, material hardness.
Durability corresponds to the life of the building.
Almost complete absence of moisture absorption, high frost resistance.
Resistant to sudden changes in temperature.
High decorative properties of front brick.
Lots of color and texture options.
Resistant to mold, mildew, moss, etc.
No fading from exposure to UV rays.
Does not require any care.

At the same time, there are disadvantages:

For the formation of a high-quality coating, you will need to contact professional masons.
The cost of material and work is much higher than that of other finishing materials.
If you need to maintain the most uniform color, you will have to immediately buy the right amount of material from one batch, since the features of the technology cannot always ensure color stability.

NOTE!

The high prices for the purchase and laying of clinker bricks are to some extent offset by the one-time nature of the investment - the finished coating does not require any more actions or expenses.

Types of clinker facing bricks

Facing clinker bricks can have different types of surface:

Glossy.
Glazed.
Matte.
Corrugated (textured).

In addition, there are several sizes:

Single (1NF).
One and a half (1.4 NF).
Double (2.1NF).
"Eurostandard" (0.7 NF).
Modular, single (1.3 NF).

By block density:

Hollow (facing).
Full-bodied (multifunctional).

There are many options for custom-shaped bricks (additional bricks), they are all designed to form transitions at different angles, design edges or bends of the plane. In total, there can be about 20 options for a non-standard form.

Elements that can be decorated with such blocks:

Bay windows.
Columns.
Corners with rounded or indented edges.
Arches.
Window sills.
Plinth eyebrows.
Cornices, etc.

In addition, there are several brick formats used in Russia and Europe.:

DF - 240x115x52 mm.
RF - 240x115x65 mm.
NF - 240x115x71 mm.
WDF - 210x100x65 mm.
2DF - 240x115x113 mm.
3DF - 240x115x175 mm.

Properties and specifications

The main parameters of clinker facing bricks:

Density - 2000 kg / m3.
Thermal conductivity - 1.17 W / m ° C.
Moisture absorption - 3-5%.
Frost resistance - 200 cycles.
Vapor permeability - 0.07 mg / (m h Pa).
Acid resistance - 95%.
Fire resistance - not less than 1800 °.
Service life - 130-150 years (some manufacturers claim a service life of up to 200 years).

Impact open fire and high temperatures do not change the properties of the facing brick, since the firing temperature of the material reaches 1600 °. The soundproofing properties of clinker bricks are rather low, since the density of the material contributes to good propagation of sound waves.

A useful feature of clinker bricks is the ability to carefully disassemble the cladding (for example, if it is necessary to insulate a wall or replace a failed insulation) and lay this brick again on a new one. Clinker materials are fairly easy to clean from hardened mortar, making it possible to reuse the cladding.

Preparing the wall for facing

Therefore, all existing shortcomings of the walls must be eliminated. In addition, the insulation must be installed on a flat surface that does not form gaps or cavities that can prevent the removal of moisture from wall materials and become a place for water accumulation.

Wetting building materials or insulation will quickly disable them and start the process of destruction, which is unacceptable and must be excluded at the preparation stage.

Stages of production preparation:

Cleaning the surface of all foreign objects or materials. Removal of old paint, formed layers, shedding.
All flaws in the walls, already existing or formed during cleaning, must be repaired with putty. Cracks should be well expanded to determine their structure - inside they can expand and form significant cavities.
If the problem areas are large and there are too many of them, the best option is to completely plaster the wall.
The leveled surface is impregnated with two layers of deep penetration primer - primer. This operation will help strengthen the contact of the special adhesive for insulation with the wall., will fix the upper layers of the wall material, protect them from destruction.
The insulation is installed according to the usual technology - in dense rows without gaps or gaps, on a special glue with additional fastening with fungi - dowels with wide caps. Slab mineral wool, polystyrene or foam plastic, etc. are used as insulation.

NOTE!

The type of insulation determines the presence of a ventilation gap between the cladding and the insulation. Vapor-permeable types of material (for example, mineral wool) need a gap, non-vapor-permeable types (polystyrene, foam plastic, etc.) do not need a gap.

On top of the insulation (vapor-permeable), a sealed layer of waterproofing membrane must be laid.

Cladding technology

The cladding can be laid with or without a ventilation gap. The need for ventilation of the lining space arises when using a vapor-permeable insulation. When installing impermeable types of material, a gap is not needed, and steam is removed from the inside using enhanced ventilation. In this case, the lining is laid close to the insulation, which requires special attention to its position relative to the plane and vertical.
Laying starts from below on the ledge of the foundation. If its width is small, it should be increased using a metal corner attached to the foundation with anchors.
The first row of bricks is laid in compliance with ventilation gaps between every 3-4 bricks. They are gaps in the size of the usual distance between adjacent bricks. but not filled with solution. The topmost row of bricks is formed in a similar way. The gaps will allow you to ventilate the ventilation gap and remove water vapor from it.
Laying is carried out with an offset of 1/2 brick. For stability, the cladding is connected to the wall with anchors every 3-4 rows. They are installed slightly below the row spacing and are slightly bent up so that the flowing water falls on the waterproofing, and not on the cladding. Anchors are tucked into inter-row seams for at least 2/3 of the length.
The laying technology is no different from the generally accepted one. Expansion joints required to compensate for thermal expansion are made every 12 meters(on the north side of the house - every 15, dark brick on the illuminated side of the house requires 9 m). Expansion joints are made along the line of brick joints and subsequently filled with sealant or other elastic material that does not allow water to pass through.

Useful video

In this video you will learn about the pros and cons of clinker bricks:

Conclusion

Clinker brick is the most durable and reliable facing material that can serve without changes for centuries. The high price of this material is fully compensated by the lack of worries after laying, and the properties and quality of facing clinker bricks are the benchmark for all outdoor finishing materials. The appearance of the building distinguishes it from many other houses, making the building solid and soundly finished.

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