A typical flow sheet for painting the facade with an airbrush is developed in order to streamline the entire chain of work performed, which is carried out when the walls are coated with silicate compositions. Walls are treated with these substances not only in industrial and civil buildings, but during repairs in private housing.

These documents in without fail also contains sections relating to labor protection and quality control of work performed.

Defining a routing

Silicate coatings contain minimal components. Due to this, they have excellent performance properties, such as vapor permeability, resistance to precipitation. They also do not pose a threat to the environment. These items are already on sale ready-made and have excellent resistance to various chemicals. Due to endurance atmospheric phenomena compositions are successfully used for street facade works associated with the restoration of architectural objects of artistic heritage.

The technological map for covering facades with weather-resistant materials should contain the entire range of work carried out for optimization production process, bringing it in line with regulations, reducing costs, adjusting production times.

This document includes information that sets out the basic requirements for the quality of the material, its proper storage, transportation. The main section concerns the arrangement of the workplace in accordance with SNiP, the correct and safe methods of working at height, the required mechanisms and tools are listed. Particular attention is paid to the safety of work.

These documents are developed by the production and technical department in the organization and are intended for site managers and foremen. These experts are required to study in detail all technical documentation and organize the labor process of workers in accordance with the requirements specified in the technological maps. Engineering and technical specialists are personally responsible for the safety of the work process.

Application area

The technological map is drawn up for covering the enclosing surfaces with special paints and varnishes that are resistant to atmospheric precipitation. This document extends its effect to the construction of the rear, holding repair work, for the reconstruction of the facades of various objects.

Before starting work on painting buildings, it is necessary to carry out the entire set of measures to prepare wall surfaces for final painting. These works may include major or partial repairs of all exterior walls. A prerequisite is the assessment of the state of the object by certified experts.

Finishing work is possible only with special permits. One of them is a color passport for an object, which is issued by the relevant government agencies.

A typical routing can be linked to the correct building object. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate the work schedule, volumes and costing.

Surface preparation

Facades intended for painting must have a surface moisture content of more than 10%. According to SNiP, certain requirements are imposed on the work on painting street walls. The outdoor temperature should not be below 12ºС, relative humidity - above 85%.

Requirements for the preparation of enclosing surfaces are different. Each type of surface has its own characteristics in preparation for painting.

Painting of monolithic concrete

Monolithic concrete, as a rule, has shells and cracks on its surface. These defects are rubbed with special plaster compositions. Defects in the base are filled with these materials and then leveled with a trowel. When performing work, it is necessary to ensure that the surfaces do not dry out, which can lead to negative consequences such as cracking and material delamination.

For this type of work, it is advisable to use a dry mix. This material is a powder based high marks cement and various additives.

To eliminate small flaws in the concrete surface, special dry mixes are used that contain mineral particles. They have excellent performance properties, such as resistance to negative temperatures, good adhesion.

Before applying this composition, the enclosing surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, residues old paint, other foreign objects and substances. These inclusions can reduce the quality of the application of the material. The finished solution is laid with a special spatula, after which it is rubbed with a grater to give the wall a smooth surface. At proper conduct work, the consumption of the mixture should not exceed 2 kg / m² with a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm.

The concrete surface, depending on the method of its preparation, can be dense or porous. For different planes various grout materials are used.

For a porous concrete surface, light mixtures are used, they are also called grinding.
Before applying any compositions, the surface must be subjected to double priming with a break in work of 24 hours. The primer composition is diluted with clean water in a ratio of 1:1 before application to the surface.

The consumption of the composition for priming should not exceed 0.3 kg for each coating layer.

Painting of plastered surfaces

After applying a new plaster composition, the surface must be painted after four weeks after the work has been completed.

When repairing an old plaster composition, it is necessary to first remove all fragile elements and increase cracks by removing crumbling fragments of the old coating. After that, large places are restored special composition based on lime. This material is made from cement, various lime additives and mineral additives, it is not at all dangerous to human health, and it also adheres well to the surface.
Prepared cracks and cracks with the help of special devices are filled with the finished mixture. This is followed by a technological break, which is necessary for the mixture to set a little, and then it needs to be rubbed with a spatula. Finished repaired areas must stand for at least 8 days.

After the enclosing structure is leveled, it is necessarily covered with putty. For this, a dry mixture is used, which, in addition to cement, includes special additives.

When applying this material, special spatulas are used. The application thickness should not exceed 4 mm. Ideally, the plaster layer should be visible through the applied putty. With proper work, the consumption of this material should not exceed 1.5 kg per 1 m² of coating.

The next step is the final leveling of the surface. For this, apply grinding machines various designs.

Surfaces plastered with decorative compositions

Decorative plaster is usually called a terrazzo composition. Repair of such a coating is carried out only with the same material. This substance in its composition also has lime particles, crumbs of various rocks and special hydraulic additives.

Plastering of buildings that are architectural monuments is carried out only with special powder plasters, which have a high content of lime components in their composition.

Repair brick walls, filling the holes due to the lack of individual silicate blocks is carried out with a special cement-lime composition, specially designed for this. Before starting work, the brickwork is coated with a primer. After the daily technological break secondary coating. Soil compositions are diluted with clean water in a ratio of 1: 1.

Repair of the enclosing structure, lined with red brick, is carried out in exactly the same way. plaster mortar with a double coating of primer and with a daily break in the work being done.

Facades painted

When repairing painted facades, preparatory processes are necessary. All old coatings must be removed from the surface of the building envelope. Old paintwork materials are washed off with clean water. Before covering the facade with paint, it must be primed in full.

Painting the facade is the final stage of the restoration of the building. In front of it, all work on the roof, balconies should be completed, blind areas of buildings should be arranged, window slopes should be completed on a turnkey basis. Also, all fastening elements installed on the facade for fixing various engineering communication systems on it must be mounted. Brickwork repaired, all cracks sealed with appropriate solutions. Installed elements located on the facade, which are not subject to painting, are carefully packed with a polyethylene film in at least two layers.

Materials for priming surfaces are produced in 15 and 20 kg in special containers. Plaster mixtures, as a rule, the manufacturer is sold in special packages and packaged in 20 and 25 kg. Paints and varnishes with silicate compositions are sold in retail network ready-made in plastic buckets of 10 and 20 kg.

Facade painting

Surfaces prepared for painting must be dry, clean, smooth, treated with a primer. According to the requirements of regulatory documents, it is forbidden to paint facades under the following weather conditions:

• during rain, if the surface is wet and not dried;
• with a direct hit on the facade sun rays and in hot weather;
• if the outside air temperature is less than 20°С;
• with strong wind.

The next step is to agree colors with the customer. This process may take several days to select the desired color. After agreement, you can start painting the surface.

For painting, it is advisable to use silicate paints and varnishes. When working with serious volumes, you will have to order a large number of paints. Since this material is packaged in containers of 20 kg, the object may receive paint from different batches. In this regard, a situation may occur when the paintwork material in different batches of the same color has different shades. To prevent this problem, it is best to pour all the composition that has arrived at the facility into one large clean container and mix.

Before you start painting the surface, if necessary, the solution must be brought to the desired consistency. For this, a special primer of a similar composition is added to it. When mixing, it is necessary to follow certain rules specified in the technological map. The amount of added primer should not be more than 10% of the total volume of paint.

Staining, according to SNiP, must be done in at least 2 layers. The secondary coating of the surface with facade paints is carried out after the first layer has completely dried. In dry weather, this takes about 6-8 hours.

To receive quality surface the paintwork composition should be applied in an even layer of the same thickness.

At proper preparation surface before painting and observing the production technology, the consumption of paint material should not exceed 0.3 kg per 1 m² when working with the first layer and 0.15 when re-painting.

For painting, you can use special spray devices. Painting the facade with an airbrush is carried out in accordance with the following rules:

1. The speed of movement of the device must be uniform, without accelerations and decelerations. It should be about 15 m/min.
2. Stripes applied by spraying paint should overlap each other by a quarter of the width.
3. When working with the use of painting mechanisms, window openings, blind areas, all parts of the facade that are not intended for applying paint are packed in polyethylene film at least 2 layers.
4. For uninterrupted operation painting equipment requires a constant air pressure in the system of at least 5-6 atmospheres.
5. In the process of coloring, the directions of particle flows must be mutually perpendicular.
6. Depending on the setting of the nozzle of the device, the spray gun is kept from the surface at a distance of approximately 400 mm.

How to choose paint

The choice of paint for a simple layman will seem like a very easy task. Meanwhile, building envelopes are built from a variety of materials that have different properties. Facades are covered with various putties and primers, not all paint coatings compatible with these materials.

Additionally, you need to pay attention to the composition of paints. This factor greatly affects the durability of the coating.

Currently, oil paints and varnishes are widely used. But, unfortunately, they have insufficient performance characteristics. There are more suitable option facade paints are water-based compositions. These paints have very good resistance to the processes taking place in the environment and are most suitable for facade work. Another advantage of these compositions is their incombustibility. Among the many varieties of these paints, I especially want to highlight silicone compounds. These substances combine best properties acrylic and silicate paints. The main advantage of such coatings is that they do not have an unpleasant odor. These compounds are quick drying, which is a key factor in our climate.

Another variety water-based compositions is an alkyd paint. This paint has high performance and dries faster than oil paint.

There are also reactive compositions for painting facades. Their feature is that they consist of two components. These compositions, with all their advantages, have disadvantages. They can be used only for one limited period of time indicated in the accompanying documents for the paint. But the cost of these compounds is quite high.

Quality control

Acceptance of the quality of finishing work is carried out by the customer service in accordance with the necessary regulatory documents.

The production quality control of works without fail includes the input, operational and acceptance control of the painted facade.

The first is to check the quality of materials received at the construction site, the presence of markings on containers, operational properties. All substances must have declarations and relevant certificates of the customs union on product quality.

Building materials used in finishing (and in general in any construction) work must necessarily comply with the requirements of GOST and technical conditions. To obtain a quality certificate, they are checked in special laboratories for compliance with the declared performance characteristics and properties.

Operational control is a procedure for monitoring the quality of painting in the process of performing work. It is aimed at timely detection of defects and their immediate elimination right in the process. construction industry.

When preparing the base for coating with compositions, it is checked how well the coating is prepared. It should not be dust, dirt, rust, cracks, streaks of working solutions.

The moisture content of the coating, the quality of the applied putty and primer are subject to verification.

When covering the facade with paint, the thickness of the applied layer, uniformity, the absence of stripes, streaks, splashes are determined, it turns out whether the work technology was observed.

Requirements for the safety of work performed

According to the normative documents for the safe production of work, all workers must be equipped with personal protective equipment. For painting work, such means include: special clothing, footwear, respirators, protective masks. All employees, without exception, must have eye protection equipment and special gloves. These funds are necessary to prevent the ingress of hazardous substances into the natural cavities of a person and protect his skin.

When carrying out facade work, other safety requirements must be observed. This also applies to work at height, and the use of electric, pneumatic, hydraulic and other construction equipment. Compliance with safety regulations guarantees the preservation of the life and health of citizens who work on construction site.

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CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR REGULATORY STUDIES AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION "ORGTRANSSTROY"

MINISTRIES OF TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

PLASTER AND PAINTING WORKS IN LARGE PANEL HOUSES

I. APPLICATION AREA

The technological map was developed on the basis of the application of methods of scientific organization of labor and is intended for use in the development of a project for the production of work and the organization of work and labor at the facility.

The map was drawn up for plastering and painting work on a 60-apartment building of series 1-467 A-2 and can be used when performing plastering and painting work in large-panel buildings of other types.

II. INSTRUCTIONS ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF WORKS

a) Plaster work

1. Plastering work is carried out at the beginning on the 1st floor, then on the 2nd, 3rd and subsequent floors with transitions within the floor from one grip to another. Plastering works are carried out in those sections where the installation of structures is not carried out.

Before plastering, brick and concrete surfaces thoroughly cleaned of dust.

2. Support tables for the entrance visors and niches above the visors are plastered on metal mesh with mesh size 10×10 mm or on weaves of wire with cells no larger than 40 × 40 mm . Skirting boards, platbands and door frames are coated with a solution with smoothing the surface.

3. When facing walls and ceilings in the vestibule with sheets of dry plaster along the insulation, the sheets are attached to wooden bars with thin nails (roofing sheet) with wide caps. Nail heads are sunk into sheets and puttied.

4. When cutting with a template of rustication on the ceilings, the grooves in the junction of the plates are thoroughly cleaned of dust and moistened with plenty of water, and then filled cement mortar to the full depth and smooth.

To speed up the setting of the cement mortar, about 1-2% gypsum is added to it with thorough mixing of the mixture.

5. Due to the small volume, plastering work is supposed to be done manually.

6. In winter, plastering work begins after the completion of installation, roofing and glass work. The air temperature inside the building must not be lower than +8 °C (when measured at a height of 0.5 m from the floor).

7. window sills should be plastered before the onset of cold weather. When plastering them in winter, it is necessary to protect the plaster coating from premature freezing by electrical heating, felt insulation, etc.

8. Plastering works are carried out from strong, stable scaffolds or tables. And at the same time you can work only in one tier in height.

9. Workers performing work must comply with the requirements of SNiP III-B .13-62 “Finishing coatings of building structures. Rules for the production and acceptance of work "and safety rules in accordance with SNiP III-A

b) Painting work

1. Prior to the start of painting work in the premises being finished, all general construction, electrical installation and plumbing work, as well as glazed window frames and balcony doors.

The quality of the assembled products must be such that their surface does not require additional finishing work, except for sealing joints, puttying and painting.

On the surface of the products there should be no cracks, chips, grease and rust spots, sagging of mortar, exposed reinforcement.

2. Painting work should be started after the installation of the building is completed, starting from the top floor.

3. Surfaces to be painted are pre-cleaned of dust. The humidity of the plaster before painting should not exceed 8%, and wooden surfaces - 12 %.

4. Before painting, rough surfaces are puttied and smoothed, and small cracks are embroidered and sealed with mortar to a depth of 2-3 mm . Grinding of puttied and greased places and smoothing of surfaces is performed using a pneumotrowel.

5. Paints, pastes and putties are prepared in the coloring workshop and delivered to the construction site in finished form.

For filing compressed air to the mechanized tool in the stairwells, pneumo risers made of seamless gas pipes with taps for air intake on each floor. Pneumatic risers are connected to the compressor installed on the ground floor staircase.

In turn, rubber hoses are attached to the pneumatic riser with paint pressure tanks that supply paint compositions to spray guns, pneumatic rollers and fishing rods.

6. Priming and painting of ceilings is carried out using an electric spray gun with a universal rod, and oil painting of walls and floors is carried out using rollers with pneumatic supply of painting compositions.

Smooth foam rollers are used for painting doors, and profiled foam rubber rollers are used for window casings.

Pipes are painted with special brushes, and metal fences staircases and balconies - twin foam rollers.

For the second time, the floors are painted with oil paint, heated to a temperature of 25-30 ° C.

7. In winter, the air temperature inside the building should not be lower than +8 °C (when measured at a height of 0.5 m from the floor).

8. Workers performing painting work must comply with the requirements of SNiP III-B .13-62 “Finishing coatings of building structures. Rules for the production and acceptance of work "and safety rules SNiP III-A .11-62 "Safety in construction".

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK

a) Plastering work

To perform plaster work, the building is divided into two sections, each of which includes two sections. The duration of plastering work on one block of each floor is 3 days. Plastering work is carried out by a team of plasterers of 6 people (4 grades - 3; 3 grades - 2; 2 grades - 1)

Plasterers 4 size cut through the rusts between the floor slabs, arrange external window tides. One of them is a foreman, manages the work of the team and monitors the quality of the work performed.

Plasterers 3 size they line the walls and ceilings in the vestibule with sheets of dry plaster, plaster the brick walls in the stairwells, fill the gaps between the walls and baseboards and between the door frames and platbands with mortar, and also together with the plasterer 2 razr. close up with a solution the passage of heating and water pipes and make a notch on the edges of the plates on the ceilings with caulked seams.

b) Painting work

All painting work is carried out by a team of painters of 18 people, consisting of 3 units. The first link (5 digits - 1; 4 digits - 2; 3 digits - 1; 2 digits - 2) prepares surfaces for glue painting, and after the preparation is completed, it performs glue and oil painting.

Painter 5 size is a foreman. He directs the work of the brigade, monitors the quality of the work performed and, together with the painters of the 4th category. performs priming of surfaces for adhesive painting and fletching of surfaces after the first and second painting with oil paint.

Painters 4 size. perform surface priming for adhesive painting and improved adhesive and oil painting.

Painters 3 and 2 clean surfaces from dust, smooth the rough surface of the plaster and, after priming, sand the surface with sandpaper.

The second link (4 bits - 1; 3 bits - 2; 2 bits - 3) prepares surfaces for oil painting.

Painter 4 bit. performs priming and fletching of surfaces and supervises the work of the link.

Painters 3 size. perform continuous puttying, grinding with pumice after puttying and grinding with sandpaper after priming the surfaces.

Painters 2 size. smooth the roughness of the surface of the plaster with the end of a tree or a bream, embroider cracks, lubricate and grind the lubricated places.

The first link of the brigade performs work in sections 1 and 3; the second link in sections 1 and 3, and then goes to sections 2 and 4 and performs work in the sequence indicated on

The third link of the brigade in the amount of 6 people (5 digits - 1; 4 digits - 2; 3 digits - 1; 2 digits - 2) performs the same work as the first link, but in 2 and 4 sections.

Materials are served by a T-37 post lift, which is serviced by a machinist of 3 grades. and two riggers 2 razr.

IV. PRODUCTION PROCESS SCHEDULE

A. Plastering

B. Painting work

V. LABOR COST CALCULATION (PER BUILDING)

A. Plastering

ORDER OF LENIN

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
FOR WATER EMULSION AND OIL COLORING
WALLS AND CEILINGS

Moscow - 1983

A typical technological map was developed by the Department of Design and Finishing Technology of the Mosorgstroy Trust (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N. Strigina) and agreed with the Office of Finishing Works of Glavmosstroy (V.I. Malin).

The map shows the technological sequence of work for water-based and oil painting, there are sections on safety, workplace organization, and the quality of the work performed. A standard set of tools and fixtures is given.

APPLICATION AREA

1.1. The technological map was developed for water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

1.2. The scope of work covered by the map includes:

preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints.

1.3. Type of painting: simple, improved, high quality, painting colors are set by the project.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Painting work inside the premises should be carried out after the completion of general construction and special works with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before starting painting work at a construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures".

2.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 °C and ventilation providing relative humidity air is not more than 70%, the humidity of the surface of structures should not be more than 8%.

A. Preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting

2.3. Requirements for surfaces to be prepared for painting (GOST 22844-72).

Table 1

2.4. It is allowed to prepare for painting the surfaces of building structures and their junctions (corners, junctions, joints) that do not have deviations from the design position given in Table. , as well as through and shrinkage cracks, opened to a width of more than 3 mm.

2.5. Surfaces to be prepared for painting should be free of dirt, stains and efflorescence. The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products. Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks. Surfaces lined with dry sheets gypsum plaster should not have:

violations of fastening sheets;

delamination of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

tearing of cardboard with exposure of gypsum for a length of more than 30 mm;

more than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets to be prepared for painting should not have bevels, rips, sags, or distortions.

2.6. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

surface cleaning;

surface smoothing;

jointing of cracks;

priming;

partial grease;

grinding of greased places;

solid putty;

grinding;

second solid putty;

grinding.

2.7. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a holder or a hinged grater (Fig.,). Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution with a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed and the surface is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Cracks are embroidered with a plaster knife or a metal spatula to a depth of 2 mm.

Surface priming

Soap primer at a construction site is prepared from a concentrated base (jelly) produced by the Stroydetal plant of the Mosotdelprom trust in the form of briquettes weighing 1 kg. The jelly is used for 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. To prepare the primer, the weight part of the jelly is poured in two parts hot water (t= 80 °С). Then the composition is stirred until the jelly is completely dissolved, 3 parts are added cold water and mix thoroughly again. Before use, the primer is filtered through a sieve with 625 holes/cm 2 . The primer must be homogeneous, without traces of delamination, undissolved pieces of soap, and also without grains of sand and other debris. Apply a primer mechanized way using an electric spray gun or spray gun. To obtain a uniform primer layer, the fishing rod is moved along the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the seam, while simultaneously making smooth circular movements in a spiral. The second and third priming is carried out with a paint composition diluted with water to a viscosity of 40 - 43 seconds according to VZ-4, applied using a roller.

drying oil, kg - 1

pigment for subcolor, kg - 0.05 - 0.1

solvent (turpentine, gasoline, etc.), kg - 0.05 - 0.1

Pigment is introduced into drying oil with thorough mixing and the mixture is passed through a sieve with a mesh of 918 resp./cm 2 . Before use, a solvent is added to the composition to a working consistency.

The second and, if necessary, the third priming is performed with a color scheme to match the color of the final color, diluted with drying oil or emulsion to a more liquid consistency.

The primer is applied to the surface in a thin, even, continuous layer, without gaps, carefully shading. The primed surface should have an even color without separate glossy or matte spots.

2.10. Embroidered cracks, shells and other irregularities are filled with putty using a steel or wooden spatula. After the greased places dry out, they are polished with a pumice stone inserted into the clip, or with a sanding skin fixed in the clip.

2.11. The putty used to fill cracks, sinks and leveling surfaces should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have the property of strong adhesion to the surface, and be easily leveled on the treated surface. Putty is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant and delivered to the construction site packed in 15 kg plastic bags. At the place of work, the putty is passed for grinding in the CO-116 paint grinder (if necessary).

The first solid putty should be done with a composition that differs in color from the first primer layer and the partial grease layer.

The putty is applied in a uniform continuous layer 2–3 mm thick “on the strip” with a metal or plastic spatula, followed by smoothing and removing excess putty until gaps of the lower layer appear from under it. Putty should fill only the cavities. The second and subsequent solid putties are performed with a composition that differs in color from the first, etc. (rice. , ).

2.12. Grinding of solid putty is carried out using mechanical grinders IE-2201A with sandpaper, reinforced on a wooden grater, pumice stone until a smooth surface is obtained, followed by dust removal with a vacuum cleaner.

2.13. Surfaces prepared for painting should not be bleached, and should not have deviations exceeding those given in Table. , cracks in places of puttying, emerging stripes and spots (GOST 22844-72).

Table 2

Requirements for surfaces prepared for painting

Surfaces prepared for painting should be checked in any place, but at least in three places for unevenness and local defects.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints

2.14. Emulsion paints are produced by industry different colors ready to use. Before use, the paint is thoroughly mixed, brought to a working consistency by adding water. It is impossible to apply water-based paints on surfaces previously treated with vitriol.

2.15. For the first coloring, the viscosity of the water-based paint is adjusted to 50 - 70 s, according to VZ-4, and for the second - 70 - 80 s. The surface is painted with rollers on elongated handles directly from the floor or with brushes. Before this, a handbrake brush is used to layer the ceilings and baseboards and paint the inner corners.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints

2.16. Oil paints are a suspension of the corresponding pigment (iron minium, mummy, ocher, etc.), rubbed on drying oil.

Before use, they are brought to a paint consistency by diluting with natural drying oil in an amount of 30 - 40% by weight of the thickly grated paint. After dilution with drying oil, if necessary, dilute with white spirit in an amount of not more than 5% by weight of the diluted paint.

If the primer is applied by hand, it is prepared according to the recipe specified in paragraph . Drying oil is added with stirring to the thickly ground paint of the same color that the coloring composition should have for subsequent coloring.

When applying the primer by air spraying, a VM emulsion (water:oil) is used, which is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant of Mosotdelprom. The emulsion is delivered to the construction site ready for use in cans.

Apply the emulsion using an electric spray gun or spray gun, see p.

2.17. Painting with water-based and oil paints is carried out with rollers or brushes. When painting with a brush, it is immersed in a container with paint for 1/4 of the length of the bristles. First, the paint is applied in bold, somewhat receding stripes from one another and shaded in the transverse, and then, finally, in the longitudinal direction.

When painting with a roller, the roller is lowered into the bath and rolled once or twice on an inclined grid, squeezing out excess paint. Then the roller is rolled over the surface. Coloring is done in two or three passes with a roller: the first pass is carried out by vertical movements of the roller; the second - in a horizontal direction, shading the applied layer. With each subsequent pass of the roller, the previous one should be overlapped by 3-4 cm (Fig. ).

2.18. Flattening is performed with the end of a dry brush without pressure on the flute by reciprocal movements of the flute until complete removal from the surface of brush marks and streaks (Fig. ).

2.19. Trimming (if necessary) is performed with a dry trimming brush, applying light blows to the freshly painted surface (Fig. ).

2.20. Painting must be carried out in compliance with SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in Construction" and "Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works".

Particular attention should be paid to the following: painting work at height should be carried out from inventory scaffolding, ladders, universal trestle tables, mobile towers and other inventory devices. When performing work on flights of stairs it is necessary to use special scaffolds (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps.

The working platform must be horizontal and have railings.

It is allowed to store painting materials only in places specially provided for by the PPR.

When preparing paint compositions with a paint grater, the following precautions must be taken:

prevent overheating of the electric motor during the operation of the paint grinder;

do not leave a working paint grinder unattended;

do not allow unauthorized persons who have not undergone special training to work on the paint grinder.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and have received a certificate for the right to work with these tools are allowed to work with electrified tools.

Protective goggles must be worn when cleaning the surface and grinding. When washing surfaces with a solution of hydrochloric acid workers must wear protective goggles, rubber boots and gloves. Dilute the acid by slowly pouring it into the water. Prepare and store paints, varnish, solvents should be in separate buildings equipped with ventilation. Containers for adhesives and paints should be stored in a specially designated place outdoors on a designated area, at least 30 m away from the place of work.

2.21. The front of painting works is divided into sections. The size of the occupants is determined taking into account the output achieved by the link, each occupancy should consist of an integer number of apartments in residential buildings, an integer number of premises in administrative, school and cultural buildings. In industrial buildings, the grip should consist of an integer number of spans.

2.22. Works on painting with oil and water-based compositions are carried out by specialized units of two people each: painters of the 4th and 2nd category. First, both members of the link prepare the surfaces for painting, that is, they smooth or clean the surfaces and expand the cracks. Then the painter of the 4th category performs the priming of the surfaces with an electric spray gun or roller. After drying the primed surface, the painter of the 2nd category makes a partial lubrication individual places, then both members of the link perform continuous puttying of the surface, then polishing it. The second priming, puttying and subsequent painting of the surfaces are carried out by both members of the link.

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 3

Labor costing

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. The need for basic materials and semi-finished products

Table 4

4.2. The need for machines, equipment, tools and fixtures per link

Table 5

ORDER OF LENIN

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
FOR WATER EMULSION AND OIL COLORING
WALLS AND CEILINGS

Moscow - 1983

A typical technological map was developed by the Department of Design and Finishing Technology of the Mosorgstroy Trust (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N. Strigina) and agreed with the Office of Finishing Works of Glavmosstroy (V.I. Malin).

The map shows the technological sequence of work for water-based and oil painting, there are sections on safety, workplace organization, and the quality of the work performed. A standard set of tools and fixtures is given.

APPLICATION AREA

1.1. The technological map has been developed for water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

1.2. The scope of work covered by the map includes:

preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints.

1.3. Type of painting: simple, improved, high quality, painting colors are set by the project.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Painting work inside the premises should be carried out after completion of general construction and special works, with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before starting painting work at a construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures".

2.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 °C and ventilation providing a relative air humidity of not more than 70%, the humidity of the structure surface should not exceed 8%.

A. Preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting

2.3. Requirements for surfaces to be prepared for painting (GOST 22844-72).

Table 1

2.4. It is allowed to prepare for painting the surfaces of building structures and their junctions (corners, junctions, joints) that do not have deviations from the design position given in Table. , as well as through and shrinkage cracks, opened to a width of more than 3 mm.

2.5. Surfaces to be prepared for painting should be free of dirt, stains and efflorescence. The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products. Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks. Surfaces lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster must not have:

violations of fastening sheets;

delamination of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

tearing of cardboard with exposure of gypsum for a length of more than 30 mm;

more than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets to be prepared for painting should not have bevels, rips, sags, or distortions.

2.6. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

surface cleaning;

surface smoothing;

jointing of cracks;

priming;

partial grease;

grinding of greased places;

solid putty;

grinding;

second solid putty;

grinding.

2.7. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a holder or a hinged grater (Fig.,). Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution with a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed and the surface is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Cracks are embroidered with a plaster knife or a metal spatula to a depth of 2 mm.

Surface priming

Soap primer at a construction site is prepared from a concentrated base (jelly) produced by the Stroydetal plant of the Mosotdelprom trust in the form of briquettes weighing 1 kg. The jelly is used for 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. To prepare the primer, the weight part of the jelly is poured into two parts of hot water ( t= 80 °С). Then the composition is stirred until the jelly is completely dissolved, 3 parts of cold water are added and again thoroughly mixed. Before use, the primer is filtered through a sieve with 625 holes/cm 2 . The primer must be homogeneous, without traces of delamination, undissolved pieces of soap, and also without grains of sand and other debris. The primer composition is applied mechanized using an electric spray gun or airbrush. To obtain a uniform primer layer, the fishing rod is moved along the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the seam, while simultaneously making smooth circular movements in a spiral. The second and third priming is carried out with a paint composition diluted with water to a viscosity of 40 - 43 seconds according to VZ-4, applied using a roller.

drying oil, kg - 1

pigment for subcolor, kg - 0.05 - 0.1

solvent (turpentine, gasoline, etc.), kg - 0.05 - 0.1

Pigment is introduced into drying oil with thorough mixing and the mixture is passed through a sieve with a mesh of 918 resp./cm 2 . Before use, a solvent is added to the composition to a working consistency.

The second and, if necessary, the third priming is performed with a color scheme to match the color of the final color, diluted with drying oil or emulsion to a more liquid consistency.

The primer is applied to the surface in a thin, even, continuous layer, without gaps, carefully shading. The primed surface should have an even color without separate glossy or matte spots.

2.10. Embroidered cracks, shells and other irregularities are filled with putty using a steel or wooden spatula. After the greased places dry out, they are polished with a pumice stone inserted into the clip, or with a sanding skin fixed in the clip.

2.11. The putty used to fill cracks, sinks and leveling surfaces should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have the property of strong adhesion to the surface, and be easily leveled on the treated surface. Putty is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant and delivered to the construction site packed in 15 kg plastic bags. At the place of work, the putty is passed for grinding in the CO-116 paint grinder (if necessary).

The first solid putty should be done with a composition that differs in color from the first primer layer and the partial grease layer.

The putty is applied in a uniform continuous layer 2–3 mm thick “on the strip” with a metal or plastic spatula, followed by smoothing and removing excess putty until gaps of the lower layer appear from under it. Putty should fill only the cavities. The second and subsequent solid putties are performed with a composition that differs in color from the first, etc. (rice. , ).

2.12. Grinding of solid putty is carried out using mechanical grinders IE-2201A with sandpaper, reinforced on a wooden grater, pumice stone until a smooth surface is obtained, followed by dust removal with a vacuum cleaner.

2.13. Surfaces prepared for painting should not be bleached, and should not have deviations exceeding those given in Table. , cracks in places of puttying, emerging stripes and spots (GOST 22844-72).

Table 2

Requirements for surfaces prepared for painting

Surfaces prepared for painting should be checked in any place, but at least in three places for unevenness and local defects.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints

2.14. Emulsion paints are produced by the industry in different colors, ready for use. Before use, the paint is thoroughly mixed, brought to a working consistency by adding water. It is impossible to apply water-based paints on surfaces previously treated with vitriol.

2.15. For the first coloring, the viscosity of the water-based paint is adjusted to 50 - 70 s, according to VZ-4, and for the second - 70 - 80 s. The surface is painted with rollers on elongated handles directly from the floor or with brushes. Before this, a handbrake brush is used to layer the ceilings and baseboards and paint the inner corners.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints

2.16. Oil paints are a suspension of the corresponding pigment (iron minium, mummy, ocher, etc.), rubbed on drying oil.

Before use, they are brought to a paint consistency by diluting with natural drying oil in an amount of 30 - 40% by weight of the thickly grated paint. After dilution with drying oil, if necessary, dilute with white spirit in an amount of not more than 5% by weight of the diluted paint.

If the primer is applied by hand, it is prepared according to the recipe specified in paragraph . Drying oil is added with stirring to the thickly ground paint of the same color that the coloring composition should have for subsequent coloring.

When applying the primer by air spraying, a VM emulsion (water:oil) is used, which is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant of Mosotdelprom. The emulsion is delivered to the construction site ready for use in cans.

Apply the emulsion using an electric spray gun or spray gun, see p.

2.17. Painting with water-based and oil paints is carried out with rollers or brushes. When painting with a brush, it is immersed in a container with paint for 1/4 of the length of the bristles. First, the paint is applied in bold, somewhat receding stripes from one another and shaded in the transverse, and then, finally, in the longitudinal direction.

When painting with a roller, the roller is lowered into the bath and rolled once or twice on an inclined grid, squeezing out excess paint. Then the roller is rolled over the surface. Coloring is done in two or three passes with a roller: the first pass is carried out by vertical movements of the roller; the second - in a horizontal direction, shading the applied layer. With each subsequent pass of the roller, the previous one should be overlapped by 3-4 cm (Fig. ).

2.18. Flattening is performed with the end of a dry brush without pressing on the flute by reciprocal movements of the flute until the brush marks and streaks are completely removed from the surface (Fig. ).

2.19. Trimming (if necessary) is performed with a dry trimming brush, applying light blows to the freshly painted surface (Fig. ).

2.20. Painting must be carried out in compliance with SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in Construction" and "Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works".

Particular attention should be paid to the following: painting work at height should be carried out from inventory scaffolding, ladders, universal trestle tables, mobile towers and other inventory devices. When performing work on flights of stairs, it is necessary to use special scaffolding (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps.

The working platform must be horizontal and have railings.

It is allowed to store painting materials only in places specially provided for by the PPR.

When preparing paint compositions with a paint grater, the following precautions must be taken:

prevent overheating of the electric motor during the operation of the paint grinder;

do not leave a working paint grinder unattended;

do not allow unauthorized persons who have not undergone special training to work on the paint grinder.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and have received a certificate for the right to work with these tools are allowed to work with electrified tools.

Protective goggles must be worn when cleaning the surface and grinding. When washing surfaces with hydrochloric acid solution, workers should wear goggles, rubber boots and gloves. Dilute the acid by slowly pouring it into the water. Prepare and store paints, varnish, solvents should be in separate buildings equipped with ventilation. Containers for adhesives and paints should be stored in a specially designated place outdoors on a designated area, at least 30 m away from the place of work.

2.21. The front of painting works is divided into sections. The size of the occupants is determined taking into account the output achieved by the link, each occupancy should consist of an integer number of apartments in residential buildings, an integer number of premises in administrative, school and cultural buildings. In industrial buildings, the grip should consist of an integer number of spans.

2.22. Works on painting with oil and water-based compositions are carried out by specialized units of two people each: painters of the 4th and 2nd category. First, both members of the link prepare the surfaces for painting, that is, they smooth or clean the surfaces and expand the cracks. Then the painter of the 4th category performs the priming of the surfaces with an electric spray gun or roller. After drying the primed surface, the painter of the 2nd category performs a partial lubrication of individual places, then both members of the link perform continuous puttying of the surface, then polishing it. The second priming, puttying and subsequent painting of the surfaces are carried out by both members of the link.

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 3

Labor costing

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. The need for basic materials and semi-finished products

Table 4

4.2. The need for machines, equipment, tools and fixtures per link

Table 5

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

PAINTING OF INTERIOR WALLS

I. SCOPE

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor to perform a technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means mechanization and methods of performing work according to a specific technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of Work Execution Projects (PPR) by construction departments.

1.2. This TTK provides guidance on the organization and technology of work on water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures, determines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of a technological map are:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and specifications(THAT);

- norms and prices for construction and installation works (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, labor costs norms, material and technical resources consumption norms.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TTC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures, in order to ensure their High Quality, as well as:

- cost reduction of works;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- rational use labor resources and machines;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Project for the production of works), Working Technological Charts (RTK) are developed for the performance of certain types of work on water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each case by the Working Design. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTC are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed.

RTK are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contractor Construction Organization.

1.6. TTK can be tied to a specific object and construction conditions. This process consists in clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTK to local conditions:

- consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

- verification of the compliance of the initial data (volumes of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker link) to the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of costing, technical and economic indicators, the need for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with a specific binding of mechanisms, equipment and fixtures in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A typical flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (work foremen, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the II road-climatic zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for performing work on water-based and oil painting of walls used when finishing residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scopes of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

2.2. Works on water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures are carried out by a mechanized detachment in one shift, the working time during the shift is:

2.3. The scope of work consistently performed with water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures includes the following technological operations:

- preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting;

- painting surfaces of building structures inside the premises with water-based paints;

- painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints.

2.4. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated mechanized unit consisting of: electric grinder PWS 750-125 from Bosch (P=1.9 kg; N=750 W); industrial vacuum cleaner A-230/KB (m=50 kg, N=2.4 kW); mobile gasoline power station Honda ET12000 (3-phase 380/220 V, N=11 kW, m=150 kg); airless paint sprayer spray DP-6555 (P=227 bar, N=1800 W, m=66 kg); industrial vacuum cleaner A-230/KB (m=50 kg, N=2.4 kW); air heater diesel Master B 150 CED (N=44 kW, P=900 m, m=28 kg).

Fig.1. Painting apparatus

Fig.2. Vacuum cleaner A-230/KB

Fig.3. Air heater Master B 150 CED

Fig.4. Honda ET12000 power plant

Fig.5. Electric grinder PWS 750-125

2.5. When water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures, the following building materials are used: drying oil K-2 according to GOST 190-78; primer GF-0163 according to TU 6-27-12-90; enamel PF-1217 VE according to TU 2312-226-05011907-2003.

2.6. Works on water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition";

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic works in construction;

- Manual to SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulation and finishing works;

- MDS 12-30.2006. Methodological recommendations on the norms, rules and methods of finishing work;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and production of construction and installation works;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining executive documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul capital construction facilities and requirements for certificates of survey of works, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special journal for recording the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2011 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition" before the commencement of construction and installation works at the facility, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer, in the prescribed manner, project documentation and a permit (order) for the performance of construction and installation works . Performing work without a permit (warrant) is prohibited.

3.2. Prior to the start of work on water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop RTC or PPR for water-based and oil painting of walls;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of performance;

- briefing the members of the safety team;

- establish temporary inventory household premises for the storage of building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for the production of work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for the production of work and deliver them to the facility;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;

- deliver to the work area the necessary materials, fixtures, inventory, tools and means for the safe performance of work;

- try out construction machines provided by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work;

- obtain permission from the technical supervision of the Customer to start work (clause 4.1.3.2 of RD 08-296-99).

3.3. General provisions

3.3.1. Painting work inside the premises should be carried out after completion of general construction and special works, with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before starting painting work at a construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing work".

3.3.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10°C and ventilation that provides a relative humidity of no more than 70%, the humidity of the surface of structures should be no more than 8%.

3.3.3. Finishing work is carried out after the expiration of the period, which excludes the possibility of settlement of structures and damage to coatings. The load on the walls should be at least 65% of the design for internal and 80% for external cladding of their surface.

3.3.4. Interior finishing work in residential buildings in winter is carried out under existing permanent systems heating and ventilation. If it is necessary to use temporary heating systems, heater-type systems are used.

3.3.5. Compositions for painting coatings from high viscosity oil paints prepared before use. These paints are ground on paint grinders with the introduction of drying oil; the dosage of drying oil is set by the construction laboratory.

Aqueous solutions are delivered to the facility in a rigid form, additional water is introduced immediately before use.

Aqueous solutions are not used if their setting is observed.

3.3.6. Painting work is carried out, as a rule, according to samples (standards) of colors (simple, improved and high-quality), agreed with the customer (technical supervision).

3.3.7. Humidity of plaster (concrete) before painting should not exceed 8%, wooden surfaces - 12%. Painting with water mineral (based on lime and cement) compositions is allowed to be carried out at a higher humidity of plaster (concrete) - up to drip-liquid moisture on the surface.

3.3.8. Internal painting work is carried out at a temperature of the surfaces to be painted, not lower than 8°C (when measured at a distance of 0.5 m from the floor).

3.4. Preparatory work

3.4.1. Prior to the start of painting work, the stipulated TTK must be completed. preparatory work, incl. completed:

- sealing of joints and gaps of interfaces, cutting and sealing of seams between blocks and building panels;

- thermal insulation and grouting of window and balcony blocks;

- sealing furrows in the walls and installation of embedded parts;

- sealing voids inside the seams of brick (stone) masonry.

3.4.2. Before finishing the interiors, the following must be done:

- glazing of light openings;

- installation of window sills;

- waterproofing of walls (internal), ceilings and screeds;

- systems of heating, water supply (with pressure testing), sewerage (with flushing). Installation sites must be pre-plastered;

- electrical installation work, which may require the installation of grooves and holes;

- ventilation ducts (with checking their operation);

- preparation for plastering of underground channels, foundations for equipment;

- floors of the technical underground;

- built-in wardrobes (without hanging door panels), stair railings, fixtures and hooks (for hanging chandeliers).

3.4.3. The completion of the preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Substrate preparation:

3.5.1. Before finishing work, deviations of ceilings from the horizontal, walls and partitions vertically and horizontally are measured. Deviations should not exceed:

- for brick bases - 12 mm vertically and 2 mm horizontally per 1 m;

- for rubble concrete bases - 20 mm vertically and 3 mm horizontally per 1 m;

- for prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete bases - 10 mm on the plane of the wall or ceiling;

- for wooden bases of walls, including frame buildings - 10 mm;

- for panel buildings- 5 mm in all directions;

- for plank partitions and walls - 5 mm per 1 m of length, but not more than 10 mm over the entire plane.

If these deviations are exceeded, the total thickness of the plaster coating should be recalculated and the possibility of installing a plaster coating without additional reinforcement with meshes should be checked.

The strength of the base is determined by the strength of its lower layer, the strength of each subsequent layer should not be more than the strength of the previous one.

3.5.2. Surfaces to be prepared for painting must be dry, clean, free of dust, traces of dirt, rust, efflorescence, grease and bituminous stains and must meet the following requirements:

- be smooth, without roughness; local irregularities with a depth (height) of up to 1 mm are allowed no more than two per 4 m;

- surface cracks, pits and irregularities must be opened and primed, filled with putty to the full depth and sanded.

The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products.

Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks.

Surfaces lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster must not have:

- violations of fastening sheets;

- the surfaces of fasteners located under the cardboard are pre-coated with an anti-corrosion compound;

- the seams between the sheets of dry gypsum plaster and the areas adjacent to them must be primed, puttied, sanded flush with the surface or treated with rustication;

- delamination of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

- tearing of cardboard with exposure of gypsum for a length of more than 30 mm;

- more than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets to be prepared for painting should not have bevels, rips, sags, or distortions.

3.5.3. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

- surface cleaning;

- surface smoothing;

- jointing of cracks;

- priming;

- partial greasing;

- grinding of greased places;

- solid putty;

- grinding;

- the second solid putty;

- grinding.

3.5.4. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a cage, a hinged grater or electric sander machine PWS 750-125 with disk wire brush. Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution with a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed for an hour with industrial vacuum cleaner A-230/KB and dry the surface diesel air heater Master B 150 CED