Improved on wall plaster with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions. Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint: features and characteristics. Characteristics, types and scope

When starting repairs, many are faced with the problem of choosing the right paint, with which it will be possible to embody any design ideas. It must be durable, high quality and safe. All of these requirements are fully met by polyvinyl acetate paints related to the so-called water-dispersion paint materials. The popularity of these paints is due to their unique composition, which combines environmental friendliness, attractive appearance and fire resistance.

Characteristics, types and scope

In fact, polyvinyl acetate paints are an oil-in-water emulsion. The main components of the material are:

• emulsion based on polyvinyl acetate;
• colorful pigments;
• plasticizers;
• stabilizers.

Water-dispersion (or dispersion) and emulsion (water-based) paints are almost identical. The principle of their operation is as follows: after application to the treated surface, the water that is part of the emulsion evaporates, as a result of which the binder components harden and acquire water-resistant qualities. It takes 2-3 hours to dry the paint at a temperature of 18 to 22 degrees, after which a beautiful semi-matt porous film is formed.

The scope of polyvinyl acetate paints is quite wide: they are used for both external and internal work in residential, industrial, commercial buildings. PVA paints perfectly fit on concrete, wood, gypsum, as well as surfaces painted with oil paint, plaster. Polyvinyl acetate paints are not suitable for painting surfaces treated with alum, vitriol or alumina primers.

Differences between PVA water-based and dispersion paint

Although basically these varieties of polyvinyl acetate paints have the same properties, there are some differences between them.

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint has found wide application in interior decorating. It has several distinct advantages:

• there are no solvents in the composition of the paint;
• it is practically odorless;
• the substance has excellent adhesion to the treated surface;
• the paint dissolves easily in water;
• as it dries, it forms an elastic coating on the surface.

Water-based paints are recommended for painting concrete and plasterboard surfaces. With the help of white polyvinyl acetate paint (as a base) and the addition of tinting pastes, almost any desired shade can be achieved. This type of paint is used for painting ceilings and walls in dry rooms. Use in conditions of high humidity is impractical, since the material is unstable to moisture. Apply a double or triple coat of paint.

At a cost, water-based PVA paints are quite affordable.

Water-dispersion polyvinyl acetate paints are a more modern version of water-based paint materials. On their basis, new types of finishing materials are being developed. A distinctive feature of this substance is the addition of an acrylic-based polymer. It performs the functions of a connecting component. Thanks to acrylic, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the performance of the paint. The main advantages of water-soluble acrylic paints are:

• high level of resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors;
• increased water resistance;
• the ability to form a layer of "breathable" coating, breathable and impervious to moisture;
• the hydrophobic qualities of the paint make it possible to use it in rooms with a high level of humidity: bathroom, kitchen.

Using various additives, you can get a shiny, matte or semi-matte surface.

Advantages and disadvantages

The qualities of PVA can vary to a certain extent depending on the amount and type of polymer binder, but in general they all have the following positive properties:

• easy to apply, diluted with water;
• devoid of toxic ingredients and odor;
• cover small cracks - up to 1 mm;
• fireproof;
• moisture resistant (does not apply to all types);
• have strength and elasticity;
• do not deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric phenomena;
• wear-resistant;
• easily tinted to the desired color shade;
• vapor-permeable, thanks to which the processed room will be protected from mold and fungus;
• have high adhesion;
• not affected by alkali;
• durable;
• do not change color;
• dry quickly.

The main disadvantages of PVA paints can be considered:

• the possibility of storing the substance and carrying out painting work at temperatures above 5 degrees - a lower temperature background leads to the loss of some quality characteristics and uneven distribution of paint;
• for outdoor painting and when working in wet rooms, only expensive water-dispersion paints with verstat and acrylate binders are suitable;
• significant price of new PVA paints (due to their complex composition);
• before applying paint to a wooden surface, it must be carefully prepared: apply one layer, wait until it dries completely, sand thoroughly, apply a second layer, and sand again. All these measures are necessary due to the increased surface tension of the layer of such paints.

GOST, prices and release form

The production of polyvinyl acetate paints is carried out in accordance with GOST 28196-89. The law of the Russian Federation allows voluntary certification of paints for compliance with GOST. The product is produced in special containers, which certainly indicate the consumption of paint, composition, method of preparation. The average price per 1 kg may vary depending on the region, but with proper quality, it cannot be lower than 1 dollar.

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) paints are used for exterior and interior work. They decorate residential and industrial premises. The paint adheres well to plaster, concrete, gypsum and wood.

Do not apply paint on chalk whitewash and on surfaces treated with vitriol, alum or alumina primers. They can be used to paint surfaces covered with oil paint.

PVA paints are an oil-in-water emulsion, they include the following components:

• polyvinyl acetate emulsion;
• colorful pigments;
• stabilizers and plasticizers.

Dispersion (water-dispersion) and water-based (emulsion) paints are practically the same thing. The paint is applied to the surface to be painted, the water that is part of the emulsion evaporates, the binder components harden and become waterproof.

After application, the paint dries within 2-3 hours at a temperature of 18 to 22 degrees and forms a beautiful porous semi-matt film on the surface.

Widely used for interior finishing works, it has several advantages:

• practically odorless;
• the composition does not include solvents;
• dissolves well in water;
• bonds well with the surface to be painted;
• after drying forms an elastic covering.

PVA paints are relatively cheap, but have a significant drawback - they are afraid of moisture, they can only be used in dry rooms.

You can get paint of any shade using tinting pastes and white PVA paint as a base. It is recommended to apply 2 - 3 coats of paint.

Water-based PVA is used for painting walls and ceilings in dry rooms.

Water-dispersion polyvinyl acetate paints

PVA dispersion - the modern name for water-based PVA. Based on these paints, new finishing materials are created. The addition of an acrylic polymer as a binder makes it possible to obtain higher performance paints.

Acrylic water-soluble paints based on PVA have the following advantages:

• form a "breathable" coating that does not allow water to pass through, but is permeable to air;
• have a higher resistance to weathering;
• have higher water resistance.

Acrylic paints can be used to paint walls and ceilings in wet areas - in the bathroom, in the kitchen.

Depending on the additives, matt, medium-matt and glossy surfaces can be obtained.

Domestic companies produce polyvinyl acetate paints in accordance with GOST 28196-89. According to the law, voluntary certification of paint for compliance with GOST is allowed.

The price of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is from 45 rubles per 1 kg.

For painting the ceiling, floor and exterior work, it is advisable to use water-based paint or, as it is popularly called, water-based paint - an inexpensive environmentally friendly coloring composition. This article will discuss the types of water-based paint, their characteristics, use, advantages and disadvantages.

The content of the article about the types of water-based paint

The main types of water-based paint

Any repair is not complete without painting the walls and ceiling. Also today, painting facades are becoming more and more popular. We have already talked about painting with water-based paint, where you will find detailed technologies for performing work and video instructions.

The paint is an aqueous suspension of pigments, polymers and various fillers. After its application, the water evaporates, and thanks to the polymers included in the composition, a thin coating is created. Basically, the use, properties and price of paint depends on its type.

The main types of water emulsion: polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, latex, silicate, silicone. Despite the small variety, buyers often ask the question: “Which water-based paint is better?”. Consider the main types and characteristics of water-based paint.

Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint is the cheapest and highest quality. It is produced on the basis of PVA and is only suitable for interior work such as wall painting and ceiling painting. It is inexpensive, which is why it is so popular.

Advantages of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint:

• designed for interior painting on cardboard, wood, plaster and other porous materials;
• used for painting rooms to which high fire safety requirements are imposed;
• does not contain harmful components, fire and explosion-proof;
• has a small color palette, thanks to the use of various additives, you can get a shiny or matte surface;
• it is inexpensive in comparison with other types of water emulsion;
• great option for painting walls lined with drywall, fits well on flat surfaces;
• dries quickly.

disadvantagespolyvinyl acetate water-based paint:

• not suitable for painting metal surfaces;
• not resistant to moisture, therefore not suitable for painting facades;
• has a weak resistance, it is used only in dry rooms;

As for the consumption of paint, then for 1 m2 you will need no more than 250 g of light-colored paint or 150 g of dark ones.

Domestic companies produce polyvinyl acetate paints in accordance with GOST 28196-89, and the law also allows voluntary certification of paint for compliance with this GOST. The price of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is from 50 rubles. for 1 kg.

Water based acrylic paint

Among all types of water-based paint, the leading position in terms of quality and popularity is occupied by acrylic paint, made on the basis of acrylic resins, which are very durable and elastic, but also very expensive. Also on the market are cheaper analogues based on vinyl acrylic, styrene acrylic and acrylosilicon acrylic copolymers, but they are inferior in quality.

Features of acrylic paints:

• suitable for interior work such as wall and ceiling painting;
• used for external works: painting facades made of brick, concrete, etc.;
• suitable for application on alkaline substrates (plasters), only a month or more after completion of work. This is due to the fact that the process of hardening the plaster takes a lot of time and this requires carbon dioxide.
• their main property is low gas permeability, good corrosion protection of reinforced concrete;
• widespread, you will find products in any hardware store;
• are not suitable for painting buildings with poor waterproofing of foundations and damp walls, it is better to choose silicone or silicate paints for these works.

Latex-based water-based wash paint

To make the surface washable and not at all exposed to moisture, latex is added to water-based paints. The paint withstands 5,000 brush cycles, while conventional paints can only be rubbed infrequently. Therefore, it is suitable for painting walls in the kitchen and bathroom. This is the main advantage of latex paint in comparison with other types of water-based paint.

It is also important that the water-repellent effect is not an obstacle to vapor permeability. This is a subspecies of acrylic paints, which is the most expensive. The advantage lies not only in good water-repellent properties, but also in the ability to bridge cracks (two coats bridge cracks up to 1 mm), which does not require pre-treatment with putty.

Washing paint from such manufacturers is popular: Expert, EcoDom, DALI, Premiere, Alpalux (ALPA, ALPA) for interior and exterior use based on acrylic resins and copolymers. You can find the leaders in this market, their products and cost in the article Manufacturers and price of water-based paint.

Silicate water-based paint

silicate water emulsion- This is an aqueous solution of liquid glass with the addition of colored pigments. Suitable for painting almost all surfaces, it has a high degree of adhesion, it is resistant to high humidity, temperature extremes and other atmospheric phenomena.

Features and use of silicate water-based paint:

• used for painting old buildings, the walls of which are affected by groundwater, with high indoor humidity;
• the coating has high air and vapor permeability;
• service life - up to 20 years;
• the disadvantage of this type of paint is that it does not protect the surface well from atmospheric moisture;

How to make water-based paint with your own hands?

The composition of all paints is practically the same - it is a binder (glue, etc.), filler, dye and various additives in small quantities. The binder is added depending on the use. For example, oil paints are made on an oil basis, and water-based, of course, on a water basis.

Do-it-yourself water-based paint is made quite simply. You will need:

• PVA glue (as a binder) - 0.5-1 kg per 10 liters of water;
• filler in the form of chalk powder - 6 kg;
• soap solution as a plasticizer - 50 g;
• the dye necessary in color, since as a result of mixing all the components a white composition is obtained;
• non-toxic pigments or a special color for water-based paints.

We dissolve the glue in water, add a soap solution and chalk to it, mix the mixture until a homogeneous white mass is obtained. Dye is added if necessary. Consistency and viscosity are determined by eye. It is necessary that the resulting mixture lay flat on the walls and not be too thick. To ensure greater plasticity, glue and soap solution are added. Before applying to the walls or ceiling, the paint is filtered.

Water-based paints are safe to use, environmentally friendly, do not harm health and the environment, especially do-it-yourself paints.

Video: Water-based paints

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is currently considered one of the most popular materials for finishing surfaces inside or outside the house. The demand is explained by many positive qualities, such as durability, reliability and environmental friendliness. Naturally, there are also disadvantages that are taken into account when choosing products.

Polyvinyl acetate composition (PVA) is a direct emulsion in which the dispersion medium is water. Such a solution is often referred to as an "oil-in-water" solution. The fact is that it is the oil that has a phase when it is in the liquid in the form of tiny droplets.

Composition of polyvinyl acetate paint:

• Polyvinyl acetate. emulsion base.
• Pigments. Responsible for color.
• plasticizers and stabilizers. They give the mixture the necessary qualities and improve the properties.

A complete list of components and production technology is reflected in GOST number 28196-89. Although this regulatory document is fundamental, but since it was adopted in 1989, it does not contain the entire list of products and modifications that are present on the modern market.

The material is made in several ways, so you can find two main varieties on sale:

On a note! When choosing a paint, you must ask for a certificate. At the moment, obtaining this document is an optional procedure, but every conscientious manufacturer takes care of its availability.

PVA solutions are divided into two large groups: water-dispersion and water-based. There are practically no differences between them: the principle of operation of both materials is based on the evaporation of water, due to which a protective film is formed. But the first option is considered more modern, because it contains polymeric substances (in particular acrylic), which improve product characteristics.

Specifications

The exact technical parameters depend on the manufacturer. This is influenced by the presence of components, their quantity, the nuances of manufacturing.

There are general indicators:

1. Consumption per 1m2. The polyvinyl acetate composition has different covering power depending on the components. The average consumption is from 150 to 200 ml of paint. The material from which the walls or ceiling are made also has an impact.
2. Viscosity. Depends on the degree of dilution of the mixture. This parameter affects the method of application: for the use of an airbrush, the indicator should be noticeably lower than when using a brush and roller. The water emulsion is well diluted with water, but taking into account the manufacturer's recommendations.
3. Time of preliminary and final drying. This is affected by humidity and temperature: temperatures within + 20 ° C and humidity of 65–70% are considered optimal. The formation of the primary protective film occurs in 1-3 hours, the final drying depends on the type of surface. For example, when painting facades with metal elements, more time will be required.
4. storage features. The general recommendation is that the container should be hermetically sealed and kept in the shade.

Modern varieties, including polymer components, have excellent technical parameters, due to which their scope is constantly expanding.

Advantages and disadvantages of PVA paint

Polyvinyl acetate water emulsion has many advantages that determine its relevance:

On a note! The scope of such products is quite large. The main thing is to choose a mixture taking into account specific conditions. For example, options with excellent properties are used for facade decoration, including in terms of resistance to water. Facade acrylic and latex water-based paints correspond to these parameters.

Material disadvantages:

• Low moisture resistance. Therefore, modern varieties are used to work in damp rooms. For example, acrylic products with the addition of silicone can withstand wet processing.
• Loss of properties at low temperatures. Therefore, storage conditions must be appropriate.

Often, an increased consumption of material is indicated as a minus. But it depends on the technology of work, preliminary preparation and the number of layers.

The process of painting with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions

Coloring of various surfaces occurs according to a certain scheme:

The process is not difficult, but it needs the correct execution of all actions.

Polyvinyl acetate paints (PVA) are emulsion compositions made according to the "oil in water" principle. Such paints are widely used for painting interior surfaces in residential and industrial buildings.

PVA paints and varnishes can be purchased in one of two varieties:

1. One-pack composition, which is a completely ready-to-use paint. It is stored and transported in hermetically sealed containers at positive temperatures.
2. Double pack. It is a semi-finished product, which includes paint in the form of a paste, as well as a plasticizer. The composition is prepared by mixing immediately before use.

Advantages and disadvantages of PVA compounds

The advantages of polyvinyl acetate paints include the following:

• applicability even to highly porous materials (some types of wood, plaster, cardboard);
• high drying rate;
• simple preparation of the composition and simple application to the surface;
• high explosion and fire safety;
• no unpleasant odors, since PVA contains no solvents;
• non-toxic paintwork material;
• the existence of additives, despite the limited color palette, due to which it is possible to obtain a matte or glossy surface;
• competitive prices for products;
• an excellent option for other smooth surfaces (due to high adhesive ability);
• the possibility of using for re-staining after surface treatment with oil paints;
• water solubility;
• resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
• ability to resist fungus and mold;
• elasticity of the resulting coating.

The PVA composition also has a number of disadvantages:

1. Minor color palette.
2. The instability of PVA to low temperatures during painting, since, according to the recommendations of the manufacturers, the minimum air temperature should be 6 degrees above zero (the paint freezes at temperatures below zero).
3. Not any paint is suitable for interior finishing work, but only containing acrylate and verstat components.
4. There is a tendency to increase the cost of PVA paints, as manufacturers often add more and more new components to the compositions.
5. Painting with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions is carried out only after the preparation of the rough layer, since PVA gives a high surface tension (objects must be cleaned several times and then polished).
6. The paintwork material is unstable to high humidity, therefore it is rarely used for painting the exterior parts of buildings (the problem is partially solved by adding an acrylic component to the composition).
7. PVA cannot be applied to chalk whitewash, alumina, alum and vitriol primer materials.

The composition and characteristics of the paint

The cost of PVA paints is low, since they do not contain complex components. Polyvinyl acetate compositions include the following components:

1. Aqueous emulsion based on polyvinyl acetate. It is a creamy solution. Since the emulsion contains water, do not forget about the freezing point - zero degrees Celsius. Unplasticized emulsion is able to withstand no more than 3-4 cycles of complete freezing.
2. Pigmenting substances, due to which the paint conveys the color of the surface.
3. Stabilizers are components that improve certain performance characteristics of a paintwork material.
4. Plasticizers are components that regulate the physical and mechanical qualities of the paint, and also contribute to the formation of a film.

As mentioned above, PVA paints are fast drying.

Water-based compositions dry for about 2-3 hours, provided that the air temperature is 17-23 degrees above zero.

The reason for the rapid hardening is that the emulsion contains up to 40% water, which evaporates easily after application to the surface. Also, the composition of the emulsion includes up to 60% of resins and pigmenting substances. If there is a need to reduce the viscosity of the composition, water is added to it, and vice versa.

In the process of evaporation, resin particles (their size ranges from 1 to 4 microns) first approach each other, creating a dense ring around the pigments, and then merge with them. The result is a dense mass formed from pigments and resin. The mass has very small pores through which water evaporates. After dyeing, the water eventually evaporates and the plasticizers harden and become hydrophobic.

After drying, the film decreases in size - up to approximately 60% of the original volume. Since the surface of the film has many pores, it acquires a slightly matte, silky sheen. Thanks to this, excellent decorative qualities are transmitted to the painted surface. In many cases, subject to the staining technology, it is quite possible to replace oil matte coatings with polyvinyl acetate paint.

Suitable colors can be attached to polyvinyl acetate paints. Colorants must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

In order for the paint to acquire moisture-proof properties, an acrylic component is added to the water-dispersion polyvinyl acetate compositions. This polymer gives the coloring material the following characteristics:

1. The surface begins to "breathe", passing air, but not moisture.
2. The hydrophobicity of the surface increases.
3. Increases the ability to resist aggressive environmental influences.

Thanks to the use of acrylic polymers, improved PVA paints can be used for application on exterior facades, as well as for surface treatment in wet areas (for example, kitchen, bathroom). Special additives are used to give the coatings shine or dullness.

Applying paint to the surface

Painting with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions is carried out in a certain sequence:

1. We choose the most suitable paintwork material for the existing conditions.
2. We carry out a set of preparatory measures before painting the surface: remove dirt and dust, close up all defects (seams, cracks, bumps, etc.), remove whitewash (if any). To save on paint and improve adhesion, it is recommended to prime the surface.
3. Stir the PVA paint well, removing the previously dried lumps from the container. We dilute the water-based mass.
4. We apply the paint with a brush, roller or with a spray gun.
5. We wait for the first layer to dry and apply the next layer. If necessary, the procedure is repeated a third time.

GOST, prices and release form

PVA paints are produced in accordance with the rules prescribed in GOST 28196-89. At the same time, it is worth noting that the certification of paints for compliance with GOST is at the discretion of the manufacturing company. On the packaging with paint, the consumption rate, components, as well as the method of creating the solution are indicated.

The price per kilogram of paint can vary greatly depending on the popularity of the brand and additives. The remoteness of the region also affects the cost.

However, it is believed that high-quality PVA paint in any case cannot cost less than the ruble equivalent of a dollar per liter.

Despite the obvious disadvantages listed above, polyvinyl acetate paints and varnishes are in high demand. High drying speed, compatibility with various types of materials, as well as affordable prices ensure PVA paints continue to be popular among consumers.