With all the possibilities of modern industry, producing various Decoration Materials, it is better to choose between gypsum and cement-sand mortar. With their help inner part houses made of expanded clay concrete are plastered and brought to the desired state. Let's consider both options.
Interior decoration of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks using gypsum plaster noticeably easier in terms of work. Moreover, you get more warm house than with cement-sand mortar. Before applying the material to the walls, the working surface must be treated with concrete contact - this is done to improve adhesion and high-quality adhesion of the material to expanded clay.
Often on sale there are also such plasters that can be applied without pre-training walls with concrete contact. For best results, it is recommended to use a reinforcing material: polymer or steel mesh. In general, the polymer is even advantageous because it has higher performance characteristics.
Regarding cement-sand plaster, it is worth noting that its composition is not much different from the usual wall material. This gives a significant gain in adhesive properties. working surface. However, in practical terms, working with such plaster is somewhat more difficult than with gypsum.
Particular attention should be paid when using a reinforcing galvanized fine mesh, as additional tools and special fasteners will be required.
To fix the grid, you need to make small diameter holes in the wall with a puncher. Dowels are inserted into them and a grid is placed, and then fastened with self-tapping screws. It turns out that interior decoration expanded clay concrete blocks using cement-sand plaster is a more time-consuming task.
What is the best way to clad a house of expanded clay concrete blocks
- Building finishing measuresWall cladding optionsPlastering of expanded clay blocksExternal coating of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks
Buildings erected from expanded clay concrete are finished in most cases, since an unprotected building will not be able to please its owners with durability.
As a result of unfavorable natural phenomena in the space between the outer and inner base unwanted moisture appears. And she, in turn, will destroy the building material. The external indicators of such blocks will not please with beauty, grace and nobility.
How to veneer a house from expanded clay concrete blocks? This question is asked big number people who are building similar building. The information below will help you resolve the issue.
Scheme of overlapping of expanded clay concrete house.
It is possible to veneer a house from expanded clay concrete blocks the following materials: ceramic facing or clinker bricks, chipped stone, plastic molds, different types plasters. Taking into account the external nature of the finish, it should be said about the insulating layer.
In most cases, it is installed with outside Houses. Thus, it is not able to reduce the area of premises with inside. Helps protect walls thermal insulation material from the appearance of condensate, which has a detrimental effect on the base of expanded clay concrete blocks.
Characteristics of expanded clay concrete blocks.
The following samples are used as insulating components in the design of the outer shells of the house:
- Styrofoam, which is one of the simplest and most popular bases. Mineral wool, it contains basalt fiber. A material of this nature retains its shape for a long time and is not destroyed. Fiberglass, which is notable for its low cost.
A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks, as well as buildings with other design options, is finished from the inside in a similar way.
To do this, take a plaster and cement-sand plaster. Also, the possibility of decorating with clapboard, drywall, plastic panels is not excluded. Suitable for this option would be metal profiles and guide bars.
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Wall cladding options
Reduced heat transfer resistance of various enclosing structures.
Natural stone or ceramic tiles are determined directly on the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks, the need for preparatory work does not occur. For better fastening of these materials take tile glue or a mixture of cement and sand.
As indicated earlier, the buildings of the sample under consideration are not left bare, unprotected from the external influences of nature. Of course, if we are not talking about high-quality facing bricks. Despite the fact that buildings made of expanded clay blocks are lightweight, it is very important to correctly calculate the foundation.
Therefore, the small weight of such materials does not give grounds for the construction of a lightweight version of the foundation. The disadvantage of such overlaps will be their low thermal conductivity. Before facing external walls, care must be taken to carry out warming measures.
So, mineral wool does not burn, a plaster layer can be applied to it, using a special mesh for this.
This cannot be said about mineral wool. It is designed to decorate the building with siding and other materials in the form of panels. Mineral wool, laid under the siding, must be protected from the wind.
For such purposes, membranes are used that have properties to protect against wind and moisture. In this case, the insulation will be dry and provide reliable protection from rain and wind. There are also such heaters based on mineral wool with a special durable layer on which plaster can be applied.
It is worth noting that external design the walls of the house with plastic panels or siding will not be such a difficult undertaking, in contrast to finishing the surface with plaster. If plastering the base of the house is only possible for an experienced craftsman, then here you can do all the work yourself. Sometimes a method of painting walls is used without first plastering the surface, but it is used very rarely.
Scheme of the device of a heat block with expanded clay concrete.
One of the frequently used options for finishing the outer shells of the house will be ceramic, clinker and brick cladding.
The least expensive option would be surface treatment with a layer of cement-sand plaster. The last finishing option, together with facade paints, helps to form original surfaces and unusual appearance. Plaster is in the best possible contact with expanded clay concrete, it is actively used for bases that are constantly changing under the influence of external temperatures and are periodically damaged. The facade lined with natural stone looks very beautiful and original.
He is not afraid of frost, while it looks monolithic, chic and unusual. This material can be completely replaced artificial stone. It is no worse than the natural version, and it is much cheaper.
As a finishing option, the outer shells of the house will be well complemented by thermal panels made of polyurethane and clinker tiles. This method of finishing can be called the least expensive.
Panels of this kind are lightweight, they are often used for strip base. They are strong, environmentally friendly, create a stable microclimate in the room, regardless of the season. Installation work they are extremely simple, even a non-professional can do them.
Ventilated facades skillfully hide possible flaws wall coverings. In the space between the wall and the facing layer, there is a constant movement of air, as a result of which the base is not subjected to destructive influence.
Siding can be classified as inexpensive option decoration of external walls. However, such panels are quite fragile and can break, which is not very well reflected on the wall of expanded clay concrete. Houses made of this material can stand for a century, but here it is important to choose the right finishing option so that the base is securely completed.
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Plastering of expanded clay blocks
Choosing a mixture for plastering the facade of a building in our time is not difficult. The compositions adapted to modern conditions have a very strong base.
They do not crack, do not crumble for the next season. As soon as the plaster is applied to the wall, it should be covered with any facade paint. Such enamel will protect the walls from unnecessary dampness and prevent vapor permeability.
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External coating of the house of expanded clay concrete blocks
Insulation of expanded clay concrete walls with fiberglass.
A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks, in terms of which the outer covering of the walls is provided, during their construction is fixed with a special mesh resembling a metal wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm. It is placed in a certain interval, through 2 rows of blocks. The grid has a slight thickness, so the heat conduction coefficient will remain at the same level.
External wall finished facing brick, connects with internal partition along the perimeter of the building. Many experienced craftsmen at one time build 2 walls at once, one of which is the base, and the other is finishing option. The laid mesh will not corrode.
A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks, as options for fixing the lining of the coating, may have elastic plastic retainers. A ventilation opening is constructed here, located in the space between the outer base and the layer to retain heat. A rod with a dowel sleeve and an anchor acts as a latch.
On the main wall recesses are made at a distance of 50-60 cm vertically and 40-50 cm horizontally. Dowels are hammered into them. The base, which serves as a heat insulator, is mounted on dowels and snapped into place with plastic clips.
The construction of expanded clay concrete blocks, not insulated with material, involves the connection with the supporting structure with clamps, that is, strips of steel base, taking the shape of the letter "G". Clamps are fixed at a distance of 50-60 mm.
The high performance of facing buildings from expanded clay concrete blocks is determined by the nature of the building materials used and the experience of the craftsmen.
Based on site materials: http://ostroymaterialah.ru
Question: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! Tell us, please, how best to decorate the outside of a house of expanded clay concrete blocks (KBB), what kind of facade would be appropriate here, what materials can be used? Artur Shakarin, Novosibirsk
The answer is Semyon Fiskunov, CJSC Stroy-Alliance, Togliatti.
Answer: Hello Arthur! I will try to answer your question in detail. Moreover, KBB is a fairly popular material, many owners build their houses from expanded clay concrete blocks.
In the very first place, I would like to ask you a counter question - how thick did you erect the walls of expanded clay concrete? The question is by no means idle.
It depends on your answer whether you will have to insulate your walls from KBB, or you can immediately deal with the finishing exterior trim and applying a decorative layer.
Wall insulation from KBB
If you built the walls of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks in 1 block (this is 40 cm), then you will have to insulate it. For Novosibirsk and nearby regions, 150 mm insulation will be sufficient basalt wool or foam. This will give you a standard indicator for the thermal resistance of enclosing structures R according to the new SNiP.
Ventilated facade on KBB walls
If you have chosen a ventilated facade and insulated your house with basalt wool, you can install it in wooden crate or in the space between steel hangers. I do not recommend you to insulate a house from KBB with polystyrene foam under the ventilation facade.
Why? Because there are several reasons why foam plastic as a heater for a ventilation facade is completely unsuitable:
- Styrofoam is a combustible material, it cannot be used in systems with a ventilated facade. Rodents feel great in such a pie if you nevertheless make foam plastic in a ventilated facade. Your insulation will fall down the ventilation gap.
Basalt wool, which you can use, is deprived of these shortcomings in the ventilation facade. You can also use polyurethane foam, resole foam or ecowool.
After installing the battens or hangers and subsequent insulation, you can mount the outer decorative layer on the ventilated facade.
What is suitable in this case for a KBB house:
- Porcelain tilesClinker panelsVinyl sidingMetal sidingFiber cement panelsPlankenBlock house
With these materials, you can form a decorative layer in the ventilated facade for your home. How to mount them - look at this site, everything is described in detail.
Wet facade on the walls of the KBB house
If you want to do wet facade on your house, then after preparing the walls (leveling, filling cracks, removing excess mortar), you can begin to insulate the walls of the house.
You can use basalt wool with a density of 45 or more and facade foam with a density of 25 or more. The wool is mounted on facade dowels, the foam is mounted on glue and additionally on facade dowels.
At the time of installation of the insulation, a facade fiberglass mesh is attached on top of it, which will reinforce the plaster layer. The mesh is fastened with the same facade dowels with "fungi" that hold the insulation on the wall.
After installing the fiberglass mesh, a base primer layer or two-component plaster is applied. Next, the plaster is primed with a penetrating primer. Modern facade systems allow you to keep the plaster layer in a semi-plastic state, which guarantees its long-term operation.
After priming, you can prepare for applying a decorative layer or for painting.
You can use the following decorative coating options:
- Facade paint paintingDecorative bark beetle plasterPlaster coatDecorative smalted plaster
After applying the decorative layer, you can use fixing compositions and facade varnishes. They will protect the decorative layer from contamination and possible destruction.
In no case should you insulate a house made of expanded clay concrete from the inside. Expanded clay concrete is actually a vapor-tight material. Moisture from the premises will be locked between the insulation and the blocks INSIDE the premises. In this case, you will have all the adverse consequences - dampness in the room, mold under the insulation, and so on.
Expanded clay blocks are in demand in modern private construction.
With it, you can implement almost any project. But, when the object is ready, the question often arises of how the finishing work should be done. Houses made of ceramic blocks allow you to realize many tasks.
Exterior finishing methods
The main tasks of this stage of work are to improve the exterior of the finished object, the service life without major repairs, and heat saving. The cladding of the building protects the walls from destructive external influences. When erecting bearing base a place for future facade cladding should be provided.
Claydite concrete houses - insulation and decoration
External cladding carries not only a decorative, but also a practical load. Despite the fact that expanded clay concrete is a durable material that can withstand moisture, sharp temperature fluctuations contribute to the gradual destruction of the structure, it is also recommended to strengthen the wall with reinforcement.
The optimal brand of foam used for insulation is PSB-S-25. The thickness of the material should not be lower than 3-5cm
Warming
When working on the facade, the following must be taken into account:
- practice shows that one of the best options the exterior finish is masonry of a heat-insulating expanded clay concrete block, which compensates for heat losses up to 75%; mineral wool or polystyrene foam / expanded polystyrene acts as an additional insulation; foam plastic is fixed on a cleaned base with adhesive composition, additionally fastened with dowels. All seams are processed with mounting foam; mineral wool requires stripping, gluing and reinforcement wall structures to increase the strength of the structure; the use of penoizol will achieve sound and waterproofing and reduce thermal conductivity.
Finishing
The main principles of work are as follows:
- claydite block walls lined with bricks do not require additional processing, as they have a presentable appearance; you can use clinker tiles, stone (artificial or natural), thermal panels or siding; the most common option is to cover the walls with cement-sand-based plaster.
Natural stone looks noble and aesthetically pleasing, however, when choosing a material, it is necessary to pay attention to its frost resistance. Brick is not inferior to stone in its functionality and aesthetics, but it costs an order of magnitude cheaper.
Facade works with the participation of thermal panels are economical ways lining. The panels are made of polyurethane foam and clinker tiles. This is lightweight material which showed effective application on the strip foundations Moreover, it is very easy to install.
Systems of ventilated facades well cover all the defects of wall structures and prevent their destruction. Siding can be fragile, and its damage during operation negatively affects expanded clay concrete masonry, which is confirmed by photos and reviews related to houses made of expanded clay concrete blocks.
Work with tiled or panel materials requires the arrangement of the crate. The finished structure withstands dynamic and static loads
Wet facade on the walls of expanded clay concrete
The work is carried out after the walls have been leveled, all cracks have been puttied, and excess mortar has been removed.
Sequencing:
- first, insulation is laid, for which you can use facade foam plastic or basalt wool; foam plastic is fixed to glue and facade dowels, cotton material - to facade dowels; facade fiberglass mesh is used as reinforcement, which is attached using the same dowels with fungi; two-component plaster is applied to the surface or a primer layer; plaster is primed with penetrating soil; high-quality facade systems help to keep the plaster layer in a semi-plastic state, which guarantees long-term operation; after priming, you can start preparing the surface for applying a decorative or paint coating.
Among all the options, you can use the following:
- decorative smalted plaster; “fur coat” plaster; “bark beetle” decorative plaster; painting with facade paint.
Facade varnishes or other fixing compositions are often applied to the decorative layer to protect the coating from possible destruction and contamination. For such houses made of expanded clay concrete blocks, the reviews have developed in the most positive way.
Arrangement of plaster "under a fur coat"
Work can be carried out without insulation or on this layer. The method, known as “fur coat” facade finishing, is carried out by spraying or spraying a solution. This method is less time consuming than working with other materials.
To work with the solution, special devices have been created. The device can be the simplest, with manual control or more technologically advanced, such as an air gun. At the construction site, the required mobility of the mixture is selected and proceed to finishing.
When choosing materials, you should initially evaluate the amount of work. Finishing cost may be too high
House made of expanded clay concrete blocks - interior decoration options
The tasks of this stage of work are to protect the walls from adverse effects, modeling design solutions, environmental friendliness and comfort of housing. Choosing the construction of a house from expanded clay concrete blocks on a turnkey basis, you can get an object that is completely ready for operation, with completed interior decoration.
Works can be implemented with the participation of the following materials:
- ceramic tiles; plaster; lining based on plastic or wood; wallpaper.
The use of plaster mixtures
It is one of the most economical and available options which makes it extremely popular.
Working compositions can be as follows:
- decorative plaster - gives the surface a complete, aesthetically attractive look. Various textures and shades are available for sale, including those with sparkles, stone chips, fabric fibers; starting - used to eliminate defects in the base layer; finishing - masks the unevenness of the previous coating.
The working mixture is applied to the expanded clay concrete wall with the participation of a special reinforcing mesh, with the exception of decorative coatings. To determine the choice of plaster should be guided by the humidity of the room. The most suitable are gypsum mixes providing aesthetic appearance and used for painting.
The use of gypsum plaster allows you to get:
- ease of work; a warmer house compared to mortars based on sand and cement; high adhesion, which is ensured by treating the wall with the Concrete-Contact mortar.
Cement-sand mixtures are distinguished by the following properties:
- the composition is not much different from the standard wall material, which allows you to get an advantage in terms of adhesion to the work surface; practical application manipulations with such compositions are more labor-intensive.
Houses from expanded clay concrete blocks, video - work with facing materials
If the owner is faced with the task of interior wall cladding, you can use a natural stone or ceramic tiles. Preliminary preparation of the base is not required - the tile is applied directly to the expanded clay concrete wall using a cement-sand mortar.
Wallpaper coverings
To replace the standard paper wallpaper came more durable and beautiful materials:
- non-woven; cork; vinyl; liquid wallpaper; textile.
This option finishing works implemented after preliminary surface preparation. The master can carefully plaster the surface or cover the wall with drywall.
Expanded clay concrete withstands well galvanized steel profile or a guide rail. The design of the cottage can be implemented in any style. The most popular are house projects made in accordance with the requirements of modern and classic design. AT country houses the style of "country" or "Provence" looks especially organic. But, according to the reviews of the owners that have developed on houses made of expanded clay concrete, any design project can be easily implemented indoors. The features of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks are described in the video.
One of the most popular building materials is expanded clay concrete. Sex screeds are made from it, walls and partitions are poured with its use.
Most often, blocks are made from this material - individual elements created for the construction of structures.
The thickness of the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks can be different. This parameter depends on the size of the product itself, for what purposes the block is used and on the area in which you use it.
Features of expanded clay concrete blocks and material properties
Expanded clay blocks have good performance thermal conductivity Expanded clay is natural material, which is made from carbon clay by firing at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of separate fractions. The smaller the fraction, the higher the value of the material.
The product itself has good thermal conductivity, it is often used to insulate the floors of buildings and frame partitions walls. But most often, with the addition of expanded clay and concrete, blocks are produced that are very popular with both professional builders and ordinary people planning the construction own house.
Expanded clay blocks are denser concrete structures Can be created as specialized enterprises, and independently, the main thing is to have the appropriate molds for pouring the product and know the proportions and production technologies. This material has certain characteristics, which can be found in detail in the table below.
The construction of partitions and walls from expanded clay concrete blocks is being popularized every day. In addition to the fact that the blocks have good thermal conductivity, they are quite easy to install and have excellent performance properties.
Block structures of a bearing wall and various partitions are mounted much faster than brick ones and have a lower cost (in terms of material consumption). Despite the fact that visually, the brick seems to be a more integral product, the density of expanded clay concrete blocks is much higher.
The product in question is most often produced in two types:
- partition block;
- wall.
Expanded clay concrete block designed for outdoor and bearing walls, is created with a size of 390 x 190 x 188 mm, and a product designed to create partitions between rooms in rooms - 390 x 190 x 90 mm. By purchasing expanded clay concrete blocks, as a material for the construction of the outer walls of houses and various buildings, one should take into account the fact that it includes all environmentally friendly clean materials that do not emit harmful impurities.
The choice of masonry for the outer wall of the house
In colder areas, use thicker blocks Almost every owner, when building his house, is faced with the question: “How thick should I make outer wall?”, it is not always easy to get an unambiguous answer to it. Since its thickness depends on the masonry that is used in the construction of the structure. Masonry, in turn, is different in different regions of the country, depending on climatic conditions.
Moreover, it is not always outer wall created only from expanded clay blocks. In cold regions of the country, in order to have a minimum wall thickness, combined masonry is used. In addition to blocks, various ( stone wool, polystyrene foam) and brick.
Only after the final choice of the masonry option is it worth starting to calculate the thickness of the expanded clay concrete wall.
The outer masonry should be 40 cm thick There are certain postulates and rules that should always be taken into account and observed when organizing walls from expanded clay blocks. These include:
- when laying out the supporting wall with conventional outdoor masonry must be at least 40 cm thick;
- if the premises are lined with large blocks of expanded clay concrete measuring 590 x 290 x 200 mm, then the outer wall is erected 60 cm thick, and the insulation is placed in special gaps.
When choosing and shaping wall cake each owner should take into account such a parameter as the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Everyone has it building material used for building walls.
How to calculate wall thickness?
The calculation of the base thickness depends on the thermal conductivity coefficient For self erection buildings little to know , how the outer wall will be built, and from what materials it will be made, each owner should learn how to calculate the thickness of the structure. They can vary significantly depending on the construction site and the parameters of the materials used.
The main parameters for calculating the thickness of the outer walls are the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer.
The coefficient of thermal conductivity λ has each material depending on the thickness of the product used. The heat transfer resistance coefficient is denoted as Rreg, and directly depends on the area where the structure will be erected. Each region has its own coefficient, it can be found in various construction documents(SNiPakh and GOSTs).
The wall thickness is denoted as δ and equals:
δ= λ * Rreg. For more information on how to lay block walls, see this video:
In our country, there are certain established procedures that are followed by many builders who build houses from expanded clay concrete blocks. They believe that the walls of this material in northern regions should be at least 60 cm, in the central - 40-60 cm, and in the southern 20 - 40 cm.
Summing up the written material, it should be said that in order to erect a structure, it is necessary to qualitatively calculate all the parameters, including the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete.
This material is now used in construction more often than many others, so it's worth "digging" in the literature and finding the required values if the goal is to create a reliable and warm home.
Expanded clay blocks are significantly different from conventional concrete materials for building walls. General principle their installation is similar, but there are some features that need to be considered when installing walls.
Properties and characteristics of expanded clay concrete
In search of new building materials with the best performance in heat transfer resistance, moisture resistance, strength, etc., manufacturers produce interesting options. One of these are concrete blocks.
CBB are made from a mixture of cement, sand and water, and as the main filler is used granulated expanded clay – thermal insulation material from some varieties of clay, obtained by a single firing. The raw material is placed in a mold and subjected to vibrocompression followed by holding for 24-28 days. technological break required for cement to harden.
Expanded clay blocks are produced in large sizes. Typical dimensions:
- Length - up to 40 cm;
- Thickness - up to 19 cm;
- Height - 20 cm.
Thus, a KBB-wall, laid out in one row, corresponds to a wall thickness of 1.5 bricks. Bearing sections are laid out with stones maximum dimensions, narrower blocks are used for partitions. The material is easy to cut with a regular hacksaw, so fitting when laying does not require much effort.
The strength of expanded clay blocks corresponds to 2.5 MPa, while a single brick construction withstands up to 3.9 MPa. The thermal conductivity of the material is approximately 0.13 W/(m·°C). For comparison, that of an ordinary solid brick is 0.42 W / (m ° C). The difference is significant, but, nevertheless, the construction of a residential building without insulation is undesirable.
The laying of expanded clay concrete blocks is carried out on a conventional cement-sand mortar with a thickness of 1 cm. It is impossible to use glue for masonry for gas and foam blocks, since the material is highly porous, and a seam with a thickness of 1-5 mm cannot be made.
In general, this process is simple and successfully implemented with your own hands.
Separately, it is worth noting such material as combined wall block from expanded clay concrete with finished cladding on the front facade face. This KBB is significantly different from the usual one, it is produced with a tongue-and-groove connection system. The instruction from the manufacturer recommends laying them in a single row in a chain order either on mounting adhesive foam or on a regular solution. Since the front part is cast from pure concrete, it is problematic to cut it, but additional elements can be ordered at the factory the right sizes(semi-blocks, corner and arched components).
Technology of laying claydite-concrete blocks
The installation technique for KBB walls is the same for solid and hollow blocks. If you are going to do the styling yourself, then you will need the following set of tools:
- A container for preparing a solution;
- Shovels for kneading;
- Trowel, trowel and embroidery;
- Building level;
- Roulette;
- Rubber mallet;
- Plumb and / or cord-mooring;
- Reinforcing mesh made of nylon or fiberglass or steel reinforcement with a cross section of 8-10 mm (an armored belt is formed from it).
The masonry mixture is used ready-made industrial or the mortar is kneaded by hand in a standard proportion: for 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand and about 30% of water for the entire volume of the composition.
Separately, it is worth mentioning such a moment as reinforcement. On the recommendation of the KBB manufacturers, when erecting walls, a standard mesh or reinforcing bars are used, installed every 4-6 rows.
Applicable fiberglass reinforcement, but it is worth considering its features - the armo-belt from it does not work well in tension, so if a house is being built with a height of more than 2 floors, problems with the integrity of the walls may arise in the future.
In addition, when installing load-bearing structures and partitions, it is desirable to reinforce and bandage all corners.
The armored belt is formed several rows below the roof of reinforced concrete or solid brick of ordinary standard scheme. Below it is simply not needed.
It is important to remember that load-bearing and partition walls are being built at the same time. This rule must be strictly observed. Absolutely all seams, both horizontal and vertical, in without fail coated with adhesive foam or mortar.
Deciding on the order and purchasing necessary tools, building materials, you can start building walls from expanded clay concrete blocks.
Foundation preparation
The first step is to waterproof the foundation. To do this, concrete is laid with roofing material, stekloizol or other laid roll material, which is fixed with a thin layer cement mortar. If you need to raise the base, then it can be formed from brick or FSB.
Material preparation
During masonry, both the blocks themselves and the semi-blocks will be needed. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange in advance and cut the CBB of the desired size, as well as lay out stacks of solid elements along the wall for quick and easy installation.
Laying of expanded clay concrete blocks
Masonry always starts from the corner (reference) point. A fishing line or cord is stretched between adjacent corners, which will serve as a level for the master.
A solution is applied to the base with a layer of at least 1 cm, a block is laid and a poke along the edges is adjusted to the last stone in the row.
Excess solution is removed, at the same time the seam is immediately embroidered. Its type depends on the type of facade treatment planned or its absence.
Do not forget that you need to constantly check with a level how correctly the block is laid, because any error cannot be corrected after the solution has solidified.
Every 4-6 rows, a reinforcing mesh is fixed with a solution.
Combined tongue-and-groove expanded clay concrete blocks are laid without vertical seams with a mandatory tight fit. Adhesive foam is applied in two thin strips on the sides and base, a block is applied on top and adjusted. A properly erected wall does not need facade work.
After the walls are ready, you can proceed to the insulation and cladding of the facade. The amount of insulation depends on the thickness of the walls and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer. In total (that is, including internal and outer lining) it should be equal to 3.
For a good example of laying expanded clay concrete blocks, see the video below:
If you use combined expanded clay concrete blocks, watch the video, as the laying process is fundamentally different from the usual masonry:
If the question is whether to lay expanded clay concrete blocks with your own hands or is it better to hire experienced craftsmen, then the answer to it depends on your financial capabilities. When there is time and desire, everything is possible, since KBB is a very easy-to-work material.
Question: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! Please tell us how best to decorate the outside of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks (KBB), what kind of facade would be appropriate here, what materials can be used?
Artur Shakarin, Novosibirsk
The answer is Semyon Fiskunov, CJSC Stroy-Alliance, Togliatti.
Answer: Hello Arthur! I will try to answer your question in detail. Moreover, KBB is a fairly popular material, many owners are made of expanded clay concrete blocks.
In the very first place, I would like to ask you a counter question - how thick did you erect the walls of expanded clay concrete? The question is by no means idle.
It depends on your answer whether you will have to insulate your CBB walls, or you can immediately deal with fine exterior finishing and applying a decorative layer.
Wall insulation from KBB
If you built the walls of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks in 1 block (this is 40 cm), then you will have to insulate it. For Novosibirsk and nearby regions, insulation of 150 mm of basalt wool or polystyrene will be sufficient. This will give you a standard indicator for the thermal resistance of enclosing structures R according to the new SNiP.
Ventilated facade on KBB walls
If you have chosen a ventilated facade and, you can mount it in a wooden crate or in the space between steel hangers. I do not recommend you to insulate a house from KBB with polystyrene foam under the ventilation facade.
Why? Because there are several reasons why foam plastic as a heater for a ventilation facade is completely unsuitable:
- Styrofoam is a combustible material, it cannot be used in systems with a ventilated facade.
- Rodents feel great in such a pie, if you still make foam plastic in the ventilation facade.
- The movement of air in the ventilation gap and the moisture removed will eventually turn the foam sheets into a set of individual foam balls. Your insulation will fall down the ventilation gap.
Basalt wool, which you can use, is deprived of these shortcomings in the ventilation facade. You can also use polyurethane foam, resole foam or ecowool.
After installing the battens or hangers and subsequent insulation, you can mount the outer decorative layer on the ventilated facade.
What is suitable in this case for a KBB house:
- Ceramic tiles
- Clinker panels
- Vinyl siding
- metal siding
- Fiber cement panels
- planken
- Block house
These materials can be formed. How to mount them - look at this site, everything is described in detail.
Wet facade on the walls of the KBB house
If you want to make a wet facade on your house, then after preparing the walls (leveling, filling cracks, removing excess mortar), you can start warming the walls of the house.
You can use basalt wool with a density of 45 or more and facade foam with a density of 25 or more. The wool is mounted on facade dowels, the foam is mounted on glue and additionally on facade dowels.
At the time of installation of the insulation, a facade fiberglass mesh is attached on top of it, which will reinforce the plaster layer. The mesh is fastened with the same facade dowels with "fungi" that hold the insulation on the wall.
After installing the fiberglass mesh, a base primer layer or two-component plaster is applied. Further . Modern facade systems allow you to keep the plaster layer in a semi-plastic state, which guarantees its long-term operation.
After priming, you can do or paint.
You can use the following decorative coating options:
- Painting with facade paint
- Decorative plaster bark beetle
- Stucco fur coat
- Decorative smalted plaster
After applying the decorative layer, you can use fixing compositions and facade varnishes. They will protect the decorative layer from contamination and possible destruction.
PS. In no case should you insulate a house made of expanded clay concrete from the inside. Expanded clay concrete is actually a vapor-tight material. Moisture from the premises will be locked between
At one time, I bought a box of a house on a plot of 10 acres. The box was assembled from expanded clay concrete blocks (CBC) 40 cm thick. The box was brought under the roof, then ceilings were made, windows were inserted, floors were laid and the walls were plastered from the inside.
After that, they made the wiring of the heating system and installed two boilers. The first boiler - wood - was the main one in the heating system. The second boiler - - was supposed to heat the system when the main boiler went out. Thus, it was possible not to get up at night and not throw firewood into the firebox of a wood-burning boiler.
And in the very first winter it became clear that for our Ural frosts 40 cm of expanded clay concrete is very weak. In order to somehow correct the situation, right in the winter, in December, the process of warming the house began.
What facade options did I consider?
Now let's see what facade options I had in mind, which ones then disappeared and why.
After that, it was decided to try to insulate the walls from KBB and make a ventilated facade. On top of the insulation, it was decided to sheathe the house vinyl siding- under the lining and basement - under the wild stone.
The process of insulation and installation of a ventilation facade
So in January, in the very frosts, we began warming the house. Bars 50x50 mm were mounted on the KBB walls, which were pre-treated with Senezh fire and bioprotection. First, vertical rows of bars were sewn and sheets of insulation were laid vertically. The next row of 50x50 mm bars was mounted horizontally. Accordingly, the sheets of insulation were laid horizontally.
So we got the overlap of the wooden frame with sheets of insulation. The thermal resistance of a 50 mm pine bar across the fibers is lower than the thermal resistance of a 50 mm stone wool sheet at a density of 45.
After that, the Isospan membrane was attached to the stapler to the bars, which was supposed to protect the insulation from moisture, and the house from blowing.
Then, 50x25 mm bars were vertically mounted on top, which formed a ventilation gap along the entire facade.
Vinyl and basement were then attached to them.
The main facade was made from such siding ...
They didn’t do vapor barrier from the side of the house, because living in a plastic bag is not the best option.
What are the mistakes and what would I redo now
3 years have passed since the house was insulated and the ventilation facade was installed. What should I redo now, and what errors in the installation of the facade and insulation revealed three years of operation?
Firstly, it was necessary to do instead of those 100 mm that they did. Because energy carriers are getting more expensive every year, firewood is now generally insane money. And this is in the Urals, where there are forests around.
Secondly, when insulating and sheathing the facade, we did not think to remove the hemming of the cornices, as a result of which the insulation rested against the metal of the hemming. And a layer of wall insulation on upper corner at home did not close with a layer of insulation attic floor. Which year I'm going to disassemble and redo everything and I can't get together.
Thirdly, while insulating the facade, they completely forgot about the balcony. But he butt adjoins the wall, bearing beams balconies pass through the wall at the level of the floors between the first and second floors. It is necessary to disassemble the floor covering of the balcony and insulate the space between its load-bearing beams.
No more errors in the insulation and installation of the facade were found. Vata feels great in wooden frame, does not slip and does not open access to the cold to the wall.
Vinyl siding was installed according to all the rules, the screws were fastened strictly in the center of the holes and were not screwed in half a turn. Thanks to this, the entire structure "breathes" under the summer and winter sun, and the vinyl planks do not break.
The only negative is the upper mounting J - profiles. It was possible to do without them, and fasten the siding directly to the screws. Under is not visible, but in strong wind it happens that one or two strips begin to crawl out of the J-profile fasteners. You have to get a long ladder and climb under the very roof, fix the siding.
Artem Stebanov, Chelyabinsk.
