Sealing cracks in panel houses inside the apartment. Repair of a crack in the wall: types of solutions and methods of work. Repairing cracks in brick walls

Cracks in the walls of the house, both inside and out, are not uncommon, and they appear for various reasons, which we will consider below. You will also learn how to repair a crack in a brick wall, repair a concrete surface, cracks in drywall, or a wall plastered with cement. Self termination cracks in brick walls every owner who is not afraid of work and has a minimum set of home tools can do it.

Repairing cracks in brickwork

Destruction of brickwork can occur due to:

Soil shrinkage under the base of the foundation;
High level ground water;
Shallow deepening of the foundation;
High load due to erroneous calculations;
Incorrectly prepared mortar and violations of building technologies.

The area in which cracks appeared indicates the causes of destruction. So, the appearance of cracks in the wall below means that the bearing loads from the ceiling pressure are calculated incorrectly. If cracks grow at the top of the wall, then most likely the foundation is shrinking.

Before filling cracks in brickwork, it is necessary to check their condition - cracks grow or not. This is done by applying plaster beacons, which are applied along the edges of the crack and hold the strip of paper. There are also special devices with measured graduation. The crack is monitored for 7-10 days.

Minor repairs of cracks in brick walls up to 0.5 cm wide are done as follows: cover the damage with liquid cement without adding sand. Process technology:

The gap is freed from dirt and wetted with water;
The edges of the crack are expanded to increase the area covered by the solution, the solution is tightly clogged inside;
With the same solution, only with the addition of purified sand, cracks of 0.5-1 cm in size can be repaired;

Large cracks (≥ 10 mm) must be repaired in several ways:

The destroyed local area of the masonry is dismantled and the brick is shifted in a new way:
1. The bricks are removed, starting from the upper rows, the bricks are laid back “in the castle”;
2. The section of the new masonry is reinforced with any metal scraps that are suitable in size;
3. If it is impossible to disassemble the brick in the damaged area, cracks in this area can be repaired with a thick layer of cement-sand mortar, as described in paragraph No. 2 above;
Also, the crack is wedged with T-shaped steel crutches, the edges of which are attached to the wall with dowels. With this method of repair, the same crutches must be driven in from the inside;
Cracks in brickwork can be repaired with a mounting construction foam or sealant, after the substance hardens, deepen the damage by 1-2 cm, seal the recess with cement mortar. The sealant is squeezed into the slot with a special construction gun;
An internal crack in the wall of a brick house is sealed as follows: first, the edges of the crack are pulled together with a steel plate (plates), the edges of which are fastened with anchors or dowels, then the area is smeared with mortar;
If during the inspection of the building it was found that the wall cracked due to the shrinkage of the foundation, the foundation must be reinforced with an external concrete grillage around the entire perimeter. The grillage is poured into a trench, which digs along the entire base to the depth of its foundation.

How to repair cracks in a plastered wall

It would seem that a crack in the plaster is not a dangerous and insignificant problem, but this is not only a visual flaw. Not only the decorative coating suffers, but also the brickwork. Most often, plaster cracks on the outer walls, as their surface is affected by both moisture and temperature differences. Through such small cracks, water enters the bricks, and in frost it turns into ice and destroys the wall.

From the inside, such cracks in the plaster look more like a cobweb - they are small and shallow, and appear due to the wrong proportions of the plaster mortar or a thick layer of plaster applied in one go. That is, the technology is clearly violated here, and the problem can only be corrected radically - knocking off the old layer and applying a new one.

And how to repair microcracks that can occur after pasting walls with wallpaper, plastering or painting? First you need to reinforce these damages with fiberglass mesh, stick a piece of glass or fiberglass, and then plaster this place. plaster mortar for these purposes, it can be external and internal, and the differences lie in the composition - the external mixture is based on the use of cement, the internal mixture is based on the use of lime.

When damage is formed on the plaster, how to repair microcracks? The repair solution can be industrial or homemade, and the repair technology is as follows:

With a paint brush, the solution is applied to the area where there is a crack, and the surface is rubbed with a grater or spatula;
If the old layer of plaster was applied by spraying, then to obtain the same effect after repair, the brush urinates in water, and then the plastered wall is moistened with claps with a wet brush;
But what if the cracks appeared during the shrinkage of the foundation? Such damage is repaired by deep impregnation with cement mortar. The dried solution is covered with dispersion paint.

It is also recommended to plaster a crack in a brick wall with the addition of astringent plasticizers - gypsum, alabaster, slaked lime.

The use of gypsum accelerates the hardening of the solution, in addition, the mixture with the addition of gypsum does not shrink during operation. The addition of lime is only necessary for the repair of external walls, since lime mortar sets well only when free access air streams.

Repairing cracks in drywall sheets

Causes of cracking drywall walls:

Improper installation of the frame and fastening of drywall sheets;
Incorrectly formulated putty mortar;
High humidity in the room or temperature difference.

Drywall as a building material absorbs moisture well, besides, a wet sheet can be deformed, and after drying, retain a curved shape. A severely warped sheet or section of drywall wall can only be replaced with a new sheet. And horizontal, diagonal or vertical gaps in the plasterboard wall of the house can be repaired as follows:

Clog the crack with putty or fill with acrylic;
Plaster, and put a piece of fiberglass on top, put putty on top, close the smeared place finishing layer building mix.

Before repair, the wall surface is processed:

goes astray old plaster, the area is cleared;
Putty is prepared from a ready-made building dry mix in the following proportions: two parts dry mortar to one part water;
The putty layer should be no more than 2 mm, it is necessary to close up not only the cracked area, but also 5-10 cm of the adjacent surface;
If a reinforcing mesh is used, then it is not stretched over the damaged area, but is hammered into the gap, followed by plastering;
After the solution has dried (1.5-2 hours), the surface is ground and cleaned of dust.

Seal cracks in a concrete wall

Disproportionate concrete mortar in the manufacture of a concrete wall (slab) - main reason crack formation. When concrete is being laid in a form (formwork), it must be constantly rammed with a vibrating compactor, in extreme cases, bayoneted with a shovel or crowbar. The air remaining in the concrete not only weakens the structure of the material, but also contributes to the movement of moisture into the pores, which in frost will lead to concrete cracking. But it is not enough just to make the right mortar and pour it - concrete must be constantly looked after, and especially at the beginning of the hardening process. Freshly poured concrete must be covered with a waterproofing agent so that moisture does not evaporate from the surface quickly and unevenly - if the saturation of the concrete layers with moisture does not match, the upper, drier, layer will crack, as the lower wet concrete will expand and put pressure on it.

Cracks most often appear on walls that are in conditions of contrasting temperatures, that is, on the street. Freezing in winter, the moisture in the cracks expands and causes the crack in the weak spot walls. If reinforcement is encountered in the path of such a gap, it begins to rust, which weakens the entire structure. Therefore, in order to avoid numerous repairs, the building must be periodically inspected for new defects in the walls in order to prevent their further development.

If the concrete wall is cracking, then it can be repaired by carrying out the following operations:

With a perforator or a hammer with a chisel, the crack is deepened and expanded, the area is cleaned of dust and moistened. If there is open reinforcement in the crack, it is painted;
The proportions of the solution are 1: 3, with the addition of Bustilat or PVA glue;
If the crack is deep, a reinforcing mesh is laid and a solution is applied, which is smoothed with a spatula;
After setting the solution, the irregularities are ground with a grinder.

Cracks must be sealed in any case, even if they are small and small in length, since there is always a danger of their growth.

When starting repair work, many people face the question: how to close a crack in the wall? Such defects are often encountered when re-gluing wallpaper or when preparing walls for painting. Cracks can have different geometry and sizes, they are superficial and through. If a crack is found, it is necessary to immediately carry out restoration work, because if everything is left to chance, then over time the damage will increase in size and lead to peeling or deformation of the finish coating, which will negate all your work.

Causes of cracks in the wall

Cracks in the wall occur for many reasons, which can be associated both with certain mistakes made during the design or construction of the facility, and with natural factors beyond the control of a person. All the reasons why cracks can form can be combined into several groups:

shrinkage of the building;
engineering errors or violation of construction technology;
improper use of leveling solutions.

most common cause wall damage (especially for low-rise buildings) is the uneven shrinkage of the building. In the first few years after the completion of construction, the house, under the weight of building materials from which the walls, floor, ceiling, roof and foundation are made, settles into the ground. If shrinkage is uniform around the entire perimeter of the foundation, then it does not lead to the formation of cracks and is considered normal. If the building is immersed in the ground unevenly, then this will eventually cause undesirable consequences in the form of cracks on the wall, skew doorways, window frames etc.

Per similar phenomena it is necessary to constantly monitor with the help of beacons mounted on damaged areas. As beacons, you can use plain paper, which is glued to the crack with glue. If the paper does not tear in a week, then there is no reason to panic. In this case, you should simply close the crack in the wall.

If the paper breaks, and according to the calculations, the shrinkage should have stopped long ago, then the point here is not in the subsidence of the house, but in violation of the construction technology. At the same time, simply repairing the damage with a mortar will not give a positive result, since the cause of the defect will continue to negatively affect the house.

The safest and most easily correctable cause is improper preparation or application of leveling compounds. In this case, nothing threatens your home, except for the loss of an attractive appearance.

In addition to the above reasons, the factors that negatively affect the design of the house should also include phenomena that do not depend on the person:

rising groundwater levels;
temporary destruction of the foundation;
a strong slope of the site, as a result of which uneven loads will act on the building;
various weather conditions (heavy rains, snowfalls, gusts of wind, earthquakes, etc.).

How to repair a crack in a plaster wall?

Cracking of plaster is a fairly common phenomenon that can be observed both on the outside and on internal walls at home. Especially often such damage is formed when a cement-sand mortar is used as a plaster.

Before you close a crack in the wall, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:

putty knife;
brush;
sickle tape;
primer;
plaster mixture;
sandpaper.

The procedure for repairing cracks in plaster begins with their expansion and deepening with a small spatula, kitchen knife, screwdriver or other sharp object that will be convenient for you to work with. This allows the repair solution to penetrate deep into the damage and fill it better.

At the next stage of restoration work, the defective area is cleaned from construction debris and its priming with a brush and a deep penetration primer. Treating a crack with a primer increases adhesion plaster mixture and, accordingly, the strength of its coupling with the base. After the primer has dried, the plaster mixture is carefully rubbed into the crack with a spatula. Until the solution has seized, a serpentine tape is applied over it along the entire length of the gap and closed with the same solution. As repair mortar it is recommended to use a gypsum mixture, which can be purchased at any hardware store.

After the plaster dries, it must be rubbed sandpaper to get a level ground. Your wall is ready to be wallpapered, painted or finished with any other decorative material.

Repairing cracks in brickwork

There are several ways to fix a crack in a brick wall. The choice of one method or another will depend on the size of the damage. How to close a crack up to 5 mm wide? To do this, you can use ordinary cement mortar or tile adhesive. Before applying the selected mixture, the crack must be widened with a spatula and hammer, cleaned of debris and treated with a deep penetration primer. Slots up to 10-15 mm in size can also be sealed with cement mortar. Only in this case it is recommended to add a little fine sand to it.

Slots with a width of more than 15 mm are considered dangerous, as they reduce the reliability of the brickwork and can lead to a partial collapse of the wall. To repair such damage, other methods of restoration work are used. For example, a defective wall section can be dismantled and replaced with new masonry. At the same time, the installation of bricks is carried out using the “brick lock” method.

To increase the strength of the masonry, pieces of reinforcement are laid between the rows of bricks.

A large gap in the masonry can also be repaired with polyurethane foam. To do this, the crack is cleaned of debris, primed and filled with foam. After setting, the foam is cut to a depth of about 20 mm. This gap is filled with a cement mixture or adhesive.

A crack in the wall can occur for many reasons. However, no matter what factors lead to such a defect, before final finishing its walls must be sealed in without fail, because after a while the gap can cause damage to the finish.

Crack in the wall of a panel house, what to do? To decide positively this question, you just need to systematically and thoroughly consider it. Determine root causes qualitative analysis is half the battle. And to deal with the actual decision on their own or responsible organizations.

Open cracks in the walls of panel houses

There are two types of cracks in walls: open and closed. The names speak for themselves. Closed cracks, located inside the walls, are not visible without special equipment, and open cracks are visible to the naked eye.

Any of these types of cracks is most often developing and without a set of measures to eliminate it will only lead to deterioration.

It is also worth paying attention to the location of the crack in the outer or inner wall, in the carrier or in the partition, possibly on the ceiling or on the floor.

To independently analyze the risk of developing a split, it is possible to simply put plaster beacon. If during the season the lighthouse remained intact, it means that there is no crack development and it can be repaired. At the same time, growing cracks will show their variability, will constantly increase in volume. Stable cracks are the most favorable when considering this problem.

In addition, there are technological gaps that appear during the drying of components used in decoration and construction. To avoid this type of crevices, various fastening materials resembling meshes are usually used. These cracks will not lead to the destruction of structures, but only change its aesthetics.

If you try as much as possible to distribute the cracks in the walls into subgroups, you get a picture:

For reasons: filler, deformation, temperature, structural, and also due to wear or weathering of the walls.
By destruction: cuts, crushing and ruptures.
In direction: oblique, vertical and horizontal direction.
In shape: curvilinear, straight and closed (not capturing the edges of the walls) contour.
In depth: external and through crevices.
According to the degree of risk: safe and dangerous.
By time: stable-permanent and unstable-permanent breaks.
By disclosure: large, small, hairy, developed.

What causes cracks in the walls of a panel house?

In the case of the construction of walls in compliance with the technology, the rules of operation were not violated, then the reasons for the formation of cracks are possible as follows:

Depreciation is the wear and tear of a material. End of service life. For example, concrete will last 80-150 years.
Erosion, weathering. Much faster natural environment leads to weakening, is a catalyst.
The action of the soil itself and groundwater. Pretty common reason. In addition, the bases of the foundation washed out by groundwater and cyclic freezing of the soil are dangerous.
Humidity and temperature fluctuations are the most negative factor. Freeze-thaw cycles expand the crack even with a fairly large resistance of the walls to this process.

If the technologies were taken into account insufficiently responsibly, there are violations of the rules of operation, then the reasons may be hidden in the following:

Existence of extensions or superstructures. Certain compressive stresses are formed, as a result of which the foundation cushion is deposited in the soil. Moreover, adjoining cracks may contain oblique cracks of the "down" direction, and opening - "up". Also, this occurs when the superstructure passes along the entire length of the building.
Fluctuating pressure on the foundation along the length of the structure. Often this is affected by glazed areas along the length of large sizes. This affects the uneven settlement of the foundation.
Construction of a pit near an already built structure. Soil displacements cause displacement of loads, respectively, inclined cracks appear, everything is simple.
Mutual pressure of neighboring foundations. With this type of impact, the loads add up and increase the total point compression of the soil. If one of the buildings was built earlier, then the slope goes in its direction.
Effect of loads on surfaces. This is storage on the ground near the walls various materials, industrial raw materials and any other products. It turns out the soil is compressed, the foundation is deposited, and cracks are created.
dynamic influences. This includes moving vehicles, driving piles, and the operation of compressors and boilers in various workshops, and any similar vibrations. Also, under the influence of such loads, the foundation settles.
Freezing and freezing of soils. Freezing raises foundations with heaving. This is especially dangerous during the coursewhen the walls have low bending rigidity. An extremely negative moment, the walls on which the remaining floors are being built are already being built with the presence of these deviations.
Changes in shape during shrinkage. During shrinkage, the gaps often pass in the corners of the wall openings of buildings and acquire a radial orientation. Such clefts are simply not aesthetic. On plastered surfaces, small, closed, multidirectional or oriented cracks sometimes appear that do not reach the corners. Their reason is the drying of a solution with a high fat content.
Wall overload. It threatens to destroy the walls and is accompanied by cracking of the main structures. Cracks of this kind are the initial sign of the destruction of the walls and they are extremely dangerous.

In a good way, in order to deal with the causes of occurrence, documentation of the history of design, engineering geology, operation of the structure, location underground utilities and a project of work with a journal of author's supervision.

Danger of cracks in the wall, identification of risks?

Having determined the causes of cracking, you can roughly determine the degree of danger of their presence in the wall. For an objective assessment, you will have to examine the cracks from the neighbors' apartments and carefully see if there were redevelopments there. With good relations, the neighbors will show without problems, otherwise you will have to collect a commission.

Most of the cracks described are harmless. In new buildings, during the first 5 years, while the house "settles", this is a fairly normal phenomenon, natural shrinkage.

The degree of danger of cracks in the wall

But restructuring or major reconstruction is already dangerous. The degree of danger is usually revealed as follows: climbers put plaster notes or stripes special paper. And within 3-4 weeks they control whether cracking will appear on the plaster mark. When the crack appears, you need to observe another 8-12 weeks. And if it really grows, be sure to contact an expert in the construction field.

Since in this case intervention is possible, strengthening in the existing foundation of the structure. Construction of additional reinforcing structures - trenches along the foundation with reinforcement and pouring. Moreover, the reinforcement must be connected to the existing foundation. Holes are drilled in the foundation, pieces of reinforcement are driven in, and on the other hand they are welded with laid rods. Such types of work can be performed only by experienced specialists. But we will not consider this extreme moment, but consider how to generally deal with the most dangerous cracks on our own.

How to repair cracks in the walls yourself?

If there is a problem - a crack in the wall of a panel house, and there is no idea what to do, first you should decide on its type. If the size of the crevice is insignificant, the easiest way is to eliminate it with mounting foam, with further plastering and putty. But do not fill large cracks with building foam or other components, as this will further accelerate crushing.

Through cracks are the most dangerous and their rather sensitive expansion will lead to the fall of the floor slabs. This exit can only be a temporary solution, for living in the winter, during which it is irrational to do.

In addition, professionals in many cases advise the use of gypsum mixtures, they are currently easy to find. The repair process is quite simple. The crack is “opened”, cleaned of dust, dirt, the surface is washed with water and dries.

After reading the instructions, it is mixed with water, stirred until a homogeneous mass without the presence of clots and the crack is closed.

Apply the solution with a spatula. Do not forget that gypsum tends to expand, so you need to make sure that there is a sufficient amount of mortar in the cracks. If you do not take this moment into account, there will be more gypsum than necessary, the crack will worsen, and a new displacement of the wall will occur.

At the end of the removal, you need to let the gypsum dry completely, this is about 5-6 hours. Then sandpaper to clean the remnants of gypsum. And admire the updated smooth wall.

You can also make a good old 3 to 1 mortar, parts sand to parts cement, by adding water. This solution will be most suitable for homogeneity to panel wall. It is applied in the same way as gypsum mortar, with a spatula. Drying, it has less effect on the wall, only here you need to understand a little about the properties of sand, it should not be greasy.

To stop development large cracks you can install a channel (anchor) or metal plates. To do this, the wall is cleaned of plaster, about 50 cm in each direction from the edge of the crack, plates are installed. They are fastened with dowels or long bolts, and for the second option it is better to drill through the wall. First, everything should be prepared, cleaned and blown out with mounting foam, and then inserted into the prepared place of the anchor and secured with the indicated fasteners. Now information on what to do when a crack is found in the walls of a panel house is enough to resolve the issue.

Who should pay for cracks in the walls of a prefabricated house?

Responsibility of the management company regarding cracks in panel houses

To begin with, it is worth deciding on the situation, finding the real root cause. These are, perhaps, the builders themselves, as well as neighboring or third-party persons. To do this, you need to contact the management company or homeowners association, which first draw up an act, install beacons and control their position. And then follow the procedure described earlier. In case of a difficult situation, with a rather large crack, when the Criminal Code and the HOA do not take any action, it is worth making an application to the City Housing Inspectorate and waiting for the commission to appear.

But it is worth remembering that since 2010, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation issued a decision, the essence of which is that this issue is fully assigned to the management company. And then she deals with the search for the root cause and the perpetrators, if any. The commission, in which an engineer from the BTI is required to be, in the act must reflect everything that is said regarding the cracks in question, objectively. It is also desirable to have neighbors as witnesses. Then the housing office must do something concrete. They should have a specific deadline for making a decision of 2-4 weeks, and after this period, you can prepare a letter in local administration. Then seek the administration when it makes an independent construction expertise. Here you need to be persistent and not let go of the situation.

Remember what you will be told: cracking in prefabricated houses is a common occurrence, that you can do nothing. So globally, there is no reason to worry.

Almost all finishing and repair work suggest sealing cracks in the walls. Such defects occur various reasons and cause a lot of inconvenience. The fact is that if the problem is not eliminated in time, the consequences can be extremely unpleasant. After some time, the deformations gradually increase and delaminations appear. If the defects are deep, then there is a high probability of cold bridges, which contributes to the formation of mold and fungus.

It must be borne in mind that cracks in the wall can occur due to the influence of various factors:

In fact, the appearance of cracks in the walls can be almost completely eliminated if the cause is determined and the correct leveling compound is selected. Of course, it is not possible to neutralize some of the nuances, but it is quite possible to reduce the scale of their impact. When working with newly erected objects, it is better to use mixtures for cladding with a plastic effect, and for showers and bathrooms it is required to use cement-based mortars with the addition of polymers, gypsum options will constantly collapse.

On a note! The complete correction of the shortcomings that have arisen is a rather costly undertaking, so it is quite possible to get by with a simple seal.

Crack filling materials

The question of how to close the crack is quite important, right choice material depends on the type of coating. The most commonly used options are:

Cement-sand mixture and its varieties. Great for repairing damage in concrete and brick walls. The best result is given by compositions with the addition of plasticizers, in which shrinkage is practically not observed.

Plaster and putty products. Can be made based various substances. Cement and gypsum are considered popular. Each option is selected for plastered walls so that the bases match.

Sealants. Used to level small damage. It must be taken into account that best performance has products based on acrylic, provided it correct use. Silicone sealants are not used for this process.

The greatest difficulties are caused by coatings in wooden houses. To eliminate the defects that have arisen in them, it is advisable to use special compositions. Many masters advise to pre-caulk the cracks, and then cover them with wood putty.

Options for sealing cracks in different surfaces

To properly repair a crack in the wall, you need to focus on the material that serves to make the coating. Before performing this procedure, you should make sure that the defects do not indicate serious problems with the supporting structures.

brick walls

Damage to brick walls is usually divided by size into two categories: up to 5 mm or more, so there are 2 ways to perform work.

The first option is quite simple and is as follows:

The process starts with stitching. This procedure is a slight increase in the gap. The main thing is to embroider the edges with a hammer, but you should not get carried away.
A thorough cleaning is in progress. Accumulated debris and dust should be completely removed. The site is pre-wetted with a spray bottle.
A simple cement mixture. For application, a trowel or spatula is used.
The solution is placed in the existing recesses and rubbed well. It is important to get a level surface.

The sealing of cracks in a brick wall larger than 5 mm is performed with more care. The first step is to assess the damage square meter. If the defects are located on one large area, then it is advisable to partially disassemble the masonry in order to replace the damaged fragments. If there are through cracks and subsidence of part of the wall - which is typical for private houses - then the entire area is completely shifted with additional reinforcement of the rows.

But if such large-scale work is not required, then you can repair a crack in the wall according to the scheme:

The initial steps exactly repeat the previous order, but a cement-sand mixture with special additives is used for work, which give the composition elasticity.
The damage is carefully treated with a deep penetrating primer, it will increase adhesion.
The solution is applied gradually to ensure its penetration to the full depth. To do this, the composition is literally pressed in until excess begins to appear.
All areas are well levelled.

It often happens that the resulting gap leads to the weakening of several bricks in the middle and at the edge of the masonry. At the same time, it is not possible to disassemble the structure, and it is problematic to use liquid solutions. Then foam comes to the rescue. Small rigid spacers are pre-exposed to allow the bricks to take their place, and the damage is gently foamed. After drying, everything is cut flush with the surface.

Plastered coatings

Damage is assessed first. The fact is that cracks in the plaster can be the consequences of a base defect. If the cracks in the wall are deep, then it is advisable to dismantle the entire layer of plaster and eliminate the root cause. But often it is necessary to carry out only internal work.

When closing, they are guided by the following principles:

If the coating is used as a base for cladding decorative materials, the process is not particularly difficult. The main thing is to choose the composition that is suitable in structure. The seal is carried out with a spatula. First, the solution is applied while holding the tool perpendicularly, and then leveled with parallel movements.
Sometimes it happens that plaster plays an independent decorative role. For example, it is applied with the creation of various textures. Then more painstaking work- the texture of the damaged area is recreated.
In the presence of numerous small cracks the coating is processed very liquid plaster composition with the help of a brush.

In general, cracks on a plastered surface are an alarming signal, which may indicate that there are numerous voids under the layer.

Plasterboard walls

When deciding how to repair cracks on a drywall wall, it should be borne in mind that most often such damage occurs at the joints of the sheets. If defects appear on the plates themselves, then the reason may be hidden in improper installation or violation of the integrity of the frame. For example, deformation of the sheet occurs in the absence of the necessary gaps between the ceiling and the floor. Therefore, first of all, it is recommended to eliminate the cause.

Slots in the joints of the GKL plates are removed as follows:

The joint is completely freed from the old composition, jointing is carried out. The seam should take the form of the Latin letter V. The site is treated with a primer.
The putty composition is prepared and evenly applied.
A reinforcing tape is applied, which is smeared into the surface, after which everything is leveled and polished.

The elimination of cracks in the joints of drywall is carried out using the technology of sealing joints

On a note! If it is required to eliminate numerous gaps, then a general surface treatment is carried out with additional reinforcement using fiberglass.

concrete surfaces

You can close a crack in a concrete wall according to a scheme similar to the other options:

With the help of a hammer and a chisel, the gap is embroidered. The depth should not be less than 5 mm. This is necessary for a stronger fixation of the solution.
Cleaning of dust and dirt. Primer treatment should be provided, and in the presence of reinforcement, anti-corrosion compounds.
A cement-sand mixture is being prepared.
The solution is applied with a spatula. If the gap is deep enough and long enough, then it is recommended to perform reinforcement with a simple wire.
The surface is finally levelled.

Thus, the process is quite uncomplicated and ideal for sealing holes in walls that form for various reasons.

Everyone who builds for themselves probably has a dream to build for centuries. So that the foundation and walls, ceiling and roof serve for a long time and do not require repair. In practice, this is practically impossible: even well-built structures are subject to destruction over time, especially if they have a significant load. But such literacy can be shown if a person builds a house himself, or attracts those specialists in whom he is sure. But there are situations when the owner of the building does not even know who erected it.

And then, involuntarily, something has to be done with those miscalculations and the possible dishonesty of the builders. According to statistics, it rarely comes to a direct collapse and collapse of a structure. But cracks in the walls, foundation, ceiling - in any material - can overshadow life even with fresh repairs and good interior. However, not everything is so scary. Sealing cracks in the walls is a task for which it is not necessary to involve specialists. Having understood the issue, you can correct the situation on your own.

Surely you have repeatedly wondered: why do some houses stand for decades without any signs of cracking, while others begin to become covered with a network of cracks without even waiting for the finish? There are reasons for this, of course, and they can be completely different nature:

The reasons for the appearance of cracks can be various.

Building design involves careful calculation of the loads that fall on the walls, especially if the building has several floors and a heavy roof. In the event of an overload, cracks begin to appear. So, in brickwork as a result high blood pressure mortar painting begins, after which the bricks break along the lines of greatest load. Some materials, such as cellular concrete, are generally not designed for multi-storey construction and heavy floors.

Inhomogeneity of the wall structure. When several are placed in the wall window openings, this affects the distribution of weight resting on the wall. Too wide windows without a supporting element can lead to cracks on the sides window opening. In the old days, one of the ways to distribute the load was arched openings windows. Yes, and the windows were made much narrower than now. When designing a large glazing plane, provide load-bearing supports that will take on the weight located above.

Shrinkage of materials. If, during the construction of a house, the foundation is not allowed to stand properly, but immediately begin to build walls, this can lead to cracks. The foundation will shrink, and it will be uneven. A distortion will appear in the geometry of the house, the walls will begin to crack.

Soil features. In regions with a large difference in daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations, drops have their detrimental effect on buildings. First, the walls themselves suffer from this. Contracting and expanding from cold and heat, building elements are subject to accelerated wear. Secondly, the soils themselves, on which the house stands, swell with a sharp cooling of the soil and the close occurrence of groundwater. The foundation fails somewhere, but sticks out somewhere, and in turn, transfers the deformation to the walls.

Extensive construction work and terrain at the construction site. Deep mining - deep pits, trenches, and even more so the construction of a metro or mine workings - lead to a displacement of earth layers. With an inclined relief, the soil masses are prone to slow sliding - that is why terracing and foundations of special structures are used in mountainous areas. If these rules are neglected, the formation of cracks is inevitable.

Remodeling and refurbishment of the building. If it's about apartment building, then the culprits can be irresponsible neighbors who, in the name of designer repairs, destroy not just interior partitions, but fragments bearing walls. If such a "repair" was carried out on the 1st floor of a 16-storey building, the appearance of cracks is only a matter of time. In private housing construction, houses over the years are overgrown with extensions, balconies, terraces and technical rooms. All this puts pressure on the ground, foundation, walls, as a result of which the owners are surprised to find cracks at the junction of later structures. Cracks can appear at the joints with various extensions

The foundation has collapsed

Cracks caused different reasons, have and different nature. Some simply spoil the view, while others pose a danger to the entire home, and can lead to sad consequences if they are not repaired in time. For example, diagonal, horizontal, or vertical cracks are indicative of the directions in which increased loads act to break walls.

Surface cracks do not cause any inconvenience other than visual. If they spread over the plaster, then only this layer is damaged by them. Deep ones are much more dangerous, and here's why: for the time being, a person does not see a crack at all, especially if it is a wall that is finished inside or outside with panels or wallpaper. They notice it when it comes to the surface and splits the wall along. It already needs to be dealt with by special methods.

More breaks in wall materials are classified into such types as stable and unstable. A stable crack is a deformation of an integral array of building material, which was formed as a result of some kind of event (shock, soil sinking or another), and after that it no longer spreads. Although such cracks can be large and dangerous, they can be dealt with. But it is even more difficult with unstable cracks. These troubles grow over time: starting with a small cavity in the masonry, the crack grows, covers the entire wall and can threaten the collapse of the structure. If you patched a crack with mortar, and a month later there is trouble again in this place, you should know that you are faced with an unstable crack.

Cracks can appear at the joints with various extensions

It is quite easy to identify it on purpose: write the current date on a strip of paper and glue it tightly across the line of divergence. If the cracks grow and expand, the paper will tear. It is also convenient to use alabaster lumps for this, sticking them across the crack, or even just a thickly mixed portion finishing putty. If you are afraid that the inscription will be erased, the date can be squeezed out while the material is still soft. Observations can be used to determine the rate of crack growth. Longitudinal cracking is detected by simply marking the edge of the crack with a dated pencil. If the line went further, take action.

How to fix cracks in different types of walls

having dealt with the causes and types of cracks, you finally come to the main question: what to do now with these zigzag lines on the wall of your home? There are many ways to seal cracks. And a lot depends on the materials in which the destruction occurred. No less important is the purpose of the wall - whether it is external or internal, load-bearing or just a partition. Below are the most common cases where a quality seal is needed.

Repairing cracks in brick walls

Brick- one of the most common building materials. And despite wide application reinforced concrete structures in the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, and in private construction - frame structures and cellular concrete, brick is still well known to any resident of Russia. From it, non-bearing walls continue to be erected in high-rise buildings of the "monolith-brick" type. They are also used for building on their site.

A crack in a brick wall often follows the line of least resistance.

Having found a crack in the brickwork, you should not panic, but do a little research. You can determine the type of crack according to the table:

After that, with an overlay of plaster beacons from the street side or paper strips on the inner wall, fix the current state of the crack, indicating the date and month. If you see that the crack is not growing - good, you can start sealing. The paper is torn, and the beacon is cracked or moved away from the wall - look for the cause of cracking. Be guided by the direction - usually vertical cracks are characteristic of a weak foundation, they expand upwards when part of the house seems to fall away from another. If the crack went sideways along the wall, the foundation is strong, the mortar masonry was broken.

Important! The sealing of any crack should be started only when measures have been taken to stop it. further growth and distribution. Otherwise, the work on sealing cracks may go down the drain.

Small surface cracks are sealed with a cement-sand mortar. The solution is prepared sufficiently liquid, thinner than masonry and plaster. This is done so that the solution can be fed directly into the crack, because not a single hand tool will not fit into a 5 mm gap.

For small cracks, a regular mortar is sufficient.

To pump the solution into the crack, it is best to use a construction syringe. Often it is found in tubes with sealant. The tube is inserted into the plunger gun, the rod presses on the bottom, and the sealant comes out of the neck like a sausage. Such syringe pistols are equipped. Here is an example of such do-it-yourself work:

Repairing a crack in a garage wall

Shallow gaps between bricks or along the very body of the brick are simply filled with mortar. To do this, add a little less water to the mixture to get a thicker composition. Having collected a little solution on a trowel or trowel, it is thrown in with a characteristic movement with a brace. Due to the speed with which it flies off the trowel, the solution not only sticks to the wall, but also penetrates into the crack. After the surface is leveled with a trowel or trowel.

Sometimes a crack is taken as a cracking of the mortar between the bricks in the masonry. This can be easily eliminated by driving the solution into the resulting gap. If the house is lined with facade bricks, then the question of aesthetics arises. Then a special narrow spatula comes to the rescue. It can be made from a piece of metal of the desired width. Passing along the gap with this tool, the builder compacts the solution and removes excess.

You can restore a layer of fallen plaster with such a spatula

But if the gap penetrates the wall to a considerable depth, the solution may not hold. Conduct a range of activities:

The crack is cleaned of dust, stuck debris, fragments of the old dried mortar.
On both sides of it, holes are drilled for dowels for self-tapping screws.
Moisten the gap with water to increase the adhesion of the cement to the brick and prevent cracking of the applied layer when it dries.
Fill the crack with mortar. For deep penetration, you can find flat chips along the width of the gap.
A reinforcing mesh is attached from above. Screw the screws into the dowels inserted in advance.
Plastering works are performed on top of the mesh. The mesh will prevent cracking if its strength is negligible.

For wide cracks, the tensile strength of the reinforcing mesh may not be enough. Even if a set of measures is taken to eliminate the cause of cracking, the severity of the masonry and thermal contraction-expansion of materials can still expand the crack and even cause the metal mesh to lag behind the walls.

For such situations, more serious strengthening of the wall is envisaged. Two diverging sides can be tacked with an iron strip, the so-called tire, and preferably several. Such tires are anchored either by direct driving into the wall, or screwed with special fasteners. Conventional self-tapping screws here will no longer be enough, an anchor is used. Tires welded on mortgages

Removing bricks around a crack

When the crack is through, it is not enough just to fill it with mortar. With the help of a scarpel and a hammer, bricks adjacent to it, including whole ones, are removed along the line of the crack. By and large, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe crack, a partial dismantling of the wall occurs. After the bricks are removed, the surface of the remaining ones is leveled with the same scarpel from the remnants of the old mortar.

Then part of the removed masonry is restored. New bricks are laid on fresh mortar. for the Mortar it is better to apply with an excess, and then hammer the brick into the wall on the old seat using a rubber tamping hammer, which is used when laying paving slabs. As a result, part of the crack is filled with mortar more densely. Even if it is squeezed out through the joints between the bricks, it can always be collected or smeared on the wall with a trowel.

The part of the masonry laid in this way will be much stronger than simply filling the crack with a cement-sand mixture diluted with water. This happens because the adhesion between the edges of the gap is added to the adhesion of the top, bottom and sides of the bricks, which are also recommended to be sprinkled with water before work.

If the tires are buried, they are covered with mortar

In order to completely get rid of the further divergence of the edges of large cracks, metal tires are used, most often iron. Such a tire is a strip with a width 3-5 cm and thickness 2 - 3 mm. The length of the tire must be selected so that on each side of the crack it enters the wall no less than 25 - 30 cm.

Holes are drilled at the ends of the strip, with which it will be attached to the wall. You can attach in two ways:

On the anchor. Threaded anchor rods are inserted into the drilled holes. Then a tire is put on them. After that, nuts are screwed onto the thread with a wrench. Due to a special petal mechanism, the anchor shank diverges in the hole with a cone and wedged. After that, you can pull it out of the brick wall only by destroying this area. The reliability of such fastening is considered high and can withstand significant loads.
For mortgages. Mortgages are also metal rods. They have carvings on one end, and plumage on the other, in order to better get stuck in the wall. It is hammered into a hole drilled or punched by a perforator with a hammer, and then it is also smeared with mortar. After the mortar dries, the mortgage remains firmly fixed in the wall, then you can put a tire on it and tighten it with nuts.

It happens that the tire is made of two parts. This option is convenient if you do not want to bother with drilling holes, but there is welding machine. The parts are driven into the wall on both sides of the crack, then bent at right angles towards each other. The ends of the strips are overlapped, and the tire is ready.

Two parts will be required in the case of a through crack. Now they should be the same size and holes are drilled through the wall. One strip is placed on the inside of the wall, the other - on the outside. To tighten them, studs with two nuts are used.

Good to know! For wide cracks in which large volumes of voids need to be filled, it is convenient and useful to include a gravel fraction in the solution. Firstly, it will reduce the consumption of the solution, which is made for cracks with a high content of cement. Secondly, crushed stone will act as reinforcement, turning the solution into concrete and thereby increasing the strength of the aggregate after solidification and curing.

Prices for different types of cement

Repairing cracks in interior wall plaster

Cracks in the interior walls bring homeowners no less anxiety and trouble than in the exterior. Plaster is a finishing layer that is applied over the main wall material. It seems that its cracking does not carry any catastrophic consequences, such as rearranging a wall or digging up a foundation. However, cracks in the plaster cause an irreparable blow to the appearance of the room. Cracks in the interior walls cause irreparable damage to the exterior

Before when interior decoration walls everywhere involved wallpapering, a crack could sometimes be discovered only during repairs, tearing off the old wallpaper and preparing to glue new ones. Modern ideas about repair as an alternative to wallpaper put forward the coating of plastered walls water-based paint. The surface for this procedure must be perfectly flat.

You can’t oppose shrinkage cracks in a high-rise building with anything other than sealing

A layer of plastic putty is applied over the plaster to remove the smallest irregularities. Mix for plastering works, putty, paint - all these funds cost a lot, especially eminent manufacturers. What is the chagrin of the owners when they see all this expensive beauty covered with a network of cracks. Therefore, sealing cracks in the plaster of internal walls is a task where, first of all, an aesthetic moment is solved. The end result should be made as inconspicuous as possible against the background of the big picture.

In the case of cracks in the plaster, it is not necessary to determine the stability of the cracks, unless the finishing layer is deformed due to displacement in the walls themselves. Fortunately, this does not happen so often, although it does happen. For example, in an apartment building, where cracks in the plaster can be caused by shrinkage of the house due to miscalculations at the stage of laying the foundation, nothing can be done at all. It remains only to close the cracks.

But what really needs to be done is to walk along the entire length of the crack with a spatula and a hammer. Remove plaster dust and fragments with a spatula, tap with a hammer along the entire gap from both sides. If you feel empty under the hammer and the blow is dampened by an air cushion, feel free to beat this piece of plaster. If you don't do it now, it will fall off anyway, and all your efforts will be in vain.

After thorough stripping its cracks are moistened with water and filled with mortar or a special plaster mixture. If you want to be safe, then prime the surface before applying the mixture - this will improve adhesion and reduce the possibility of new cracks. The applied composition is leveled with a trowel, and if the plaster has moved away from the wall at a large width - the rule. After plastering, the patched area is puttied.

If the plaster layer was thick enough, and in the process of cleaning the crack fell off to the very wall, then reinforcing mesh cannot be dispensed with. It can be metal and polymer, with cells different sizes. Usually, the thicker the layer is applied, the larger the cells are chosen. Attach the mesh to nails or self-tapping screws. Plaster adheres better to mesh.

Even the old shingles will hold the new plaster well.

For narrow vertical cracks, which, when pounded with a hammer, did not give pieces that fell out, it is permissible to use a reinforcing tape. It is made of a fine mesh, and the material - fiberglass - is chemically inert and physically strong. For small cracks with a shallow depth, it is permissible not to use a plaster mixture at all, but to get by with only a finishing putty.

Fast repair of a crack in a wall

The appearance of cracks on the walls of old houses - private and multi-apartment - is generally a natural thing. Previously, there were no special high-tech building mixtures, housing had to be cheap, and appropriate materials were used. If you lived in an old house, then you probably saw from the fallen layers of plaster that there was too much sand in the mixture, and part of the cement was replaced with lime. Under the layer of plaster, you can see the shingles - these are special wooden planks nailed crosswise, on which a layer of plaster was thrown. This replaced the reinforcing mesh, and I must say, quite well. Therefore, do not rush to dismantle the shingles, unless you plan to beat off the plaster throughout the room. It will be good to hold both cement-sand mortar and modern gypsum mixtures. The latter, by the way, often do not require reinforcement.

Video - How to fix a crack in the wall?

Tip: to seal cracks in internal walls, it is recommended to use the smallest fractions of river sand for mortar. Then the solution is homogeneous, it is easy to apply a thin layer and level it.

Prices for various types of plaster

Plaster

Filling cracks in concrete walls

Concrete has long been trying to supplant older building materials like brick and wood. Perhaps only in private low-rise construction monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete are used only in foundations and floor slabs. During the construction of high-rise buildings, retail and industrial premises Concrete has long been number one.

Cracks in concrete- an unpleasant thing, given that this material itself is quite strong and has a monolithic structure. However, even despite the reinforcement with corrugated steel bars and embedded concrete, it can still crack. Then the tenant of a panel or large-block house will face the question of the features of sealing cracks in concrete.

Often small cracks can be found in the concrete walls of apartments. They do not pose any danger, but they greatly spoil the view and sometimes interfere with finishing or wallpapering. They can form even at the stage of production of concrete panels as a result of improper drying or violation of other technological processes. If you bought an apartment without finishing, found cracks and shells there and hurry to hardware store to buy the most expensive and fancy building mix, do not hurry. Perhaps one very simple and effective way will be enough for you.

The fact is that it is quite difficult for a beginner to apply putty in an even thin layer. In addition, this material is not so cheap, and there can be many cracks. But for sealing small cracks, you can use a conventional cement-sand mortar.

It can be objected that the mortar, as a heavier and less “sticky” material, requires even more skill than putty. And if she can still forgive a beginner for inability, then the solution will either fall to the floor or freeze on the wall with ugly humps. Leave skepticism and prepare sand of the finest fraction and Portland cement grade M-400 or M-500. You will also need a wonderful tool that looks like a trowel, but has two strips at the top that are pressed with wing nuts. Next, you need to find a piece of an old fur coat or sheepskin coat with short dense fur. Don't be put off by the materials - sometimes folk method works better than science.

Step-by-step instructions for sealing cracks in concrete

Step 1. Wrap the trowel with a piece of fur and secure its edges with clamping strips. Fasten with fur outside.

A trowel will help to cope with cracks

Step 2 Prepare a liquid cement-sand mortar. Be sure to sift both sand and cement. The smaller the particles, the better the result will be. The consistency should be like ready mix for filling floors on lighthouses.

Cement-sand mortar

Step 3 Prepare a second bucket of water.

Step 4 Dip the fur-wrapped trowel into the water, then use a spatula to collect a little solution and apply on the surface of the grater.

A bucket of water

Step 5 Press the grater to concrete surface and make movements, as if rubbing the solution into the wall. Movements can be circular, reciprocating, sliding. It is best to move across the crack.

Half trowel with thick pile

Step 6 When the solution dries, wet the fur again, and continue to apply the solution.

This is what a concrete wall looks like after grinding

This method is called “grinding” by builders, with its help you can remove all irregularities in concrete, including depth and width up to 1.5 cm, just for a greater depth, the solution should be thicker. The fact is that during rubbing, particles of cement and sand evenly, with a thin layer fill everything that they cling to - pits, holes, cracks, holes, seams and even shallow strobes. With the help of a piece of unnecessary fur, it’s just very convenient to get the right skill, even a beginner can handle it. The method is 100% working and tested when finishing houses made of monolithic reinforced concrete.

Epoxy resin is very easy to apply

True, it is not always possible to get by with such simple means. If only because the crack can be deep and wide, then the solution from it will simply spill out. If the cracks are wide enough, they can also be sealed with reinforcing tape. But a special material for concrete repair is epoxy resin. She has different variants performance depending on the application. For construction works Packed in plastic buckets of 5-10-15 kg. In addition, you will need to buy a bottle of hardener. The use of epoxy is good because it has high adhesive properties, fills voids well, and when dried, it acquires the hardness of a stone.

In cracks of medium depth, epoxy can be applied with a spatula. In deep and narrow gaps in the middle of thick load-bearing walls, special epoxy compounds are injected with a special syringe through nozzles. The nozzle is a special plug with a pipe, which is installed in the crack through the prepared holes. The crack itself is closed with mastic from the same epoxy. The resin mixed with the hardener is started to be pumped through the lower nozzle, when the resin is squeezed out through the nozzle, it is plugged with a stopper, and they go to the nozzle located above. So gradually the entire crack is filled with an epoxy sealant, which dries for about a day. After that, the plugs are cut off and the sealed place is puttied with the finishing mixture.

Materials for sealing cracks in walls

The simplest and available material for the "treatment" of walls from cracking is a cement-sand mortar. It is made in the proportion of 3 parts of sand to 1 part of cement. For large through cracks, a gravel fraction is introduced into the solution. To strengthen and improve adhesion and setting, add to the solution liquid soap(based on 30 g per bucket of solution), liquid glass (it is also silicate glue, up to 20% of the volume), PVA glue (100 g per bucket of solution) or factory-made plasticizers.

Often used to seal small cracks silicone sealant. His trump card is a very convenient application and fast drying. The nose of the glue gun can be inserted into almost any gap, and the adhesive ability seizes the edges of the crack seizes the edges of the crack and does not allow them to diverge. This adhesive is good for quick jobs: when drying building hair dryer it completely freezes in just a few hours.

silicone sealant prices

Silicone sealant

The sealant will completely fill the crack and is easy to apply.

In cellular structures - gas and foam concrete - it is permissible to use mounting foam, if only the wall is strengthened from further spreading. Foam is good because it fills all the voids when expanding and has excellent thermal insulation properties.

Prices for polyurethane sealant

Polyurethane sealant

Conclusion

Sealing cracks in the walls is a responsible matter. It happens that the cracks left unattended lead to the collapse of the wall, and after all, it is always easier to repair than to build again. And this is not to mention the consequences. Close cracks wisely, prevent their occurrence, and your home will serve you for a long time.