Rafter system of a hipped roof in stages. Four-pitched roof: from the calculation of the truss system to do-it-yourself installation. The slope of the slopes and the height of the roof

The four-pitched (hip) roof is considered one of the most complex structures. Like any, it has its advantages and disadvantages. To make an informed decision, you need to familiarize yourself with the real operational characteristics hipped roof.

disadvantages

As you can see, the advantages of a hipped roof are doubtful, and the disadvantages are significant.

Practical advice. Professional builders recommend choosing hipped roofs only in exceptional cases, when other options are unacceptable for various reasons.

Types of hipped roofs

Each country has its own building traditions and style preferences. What types of hip roofs are used by architects?

Table. Types of pitched roofs.

There are no universal recommendations for choosing the type of hipped roof; each developer must make a decision on their own or after consulting with architects. But you should always remember that there are other, cheaper and good options truss systems.

Step-by-step instructions for building a hipped roof

For example, consider the variant of the simplest of the listed types of hip roofs - the classic one. But even such a simple hip roof design is much more complicated than any gable roof.

Important. You can start building a hip roof only after the professionals have made all the calculations. The best option is to order a house project in the relevant organizations. This will be much cheaper than restoring the structure after its destruction.

In private housing construction, in addition to common gable roofs more durable and rigid four-slope structures are often used. They are distinguished by the absence of pediments, which replace the triangular slopes that cut off the ends of the ridge ridge. This configuration makes four-pitched roofs very attractive and economical, despite the fact that during their construction the length of the eaves overhangs increases, the number downpipes and gutters. Therefore, they deserve the closest attention.

Varieties of truss systems for hipped roofs

The device of the truss system depends on the shape of the hipped roof. The following configurations are the most common today.

1. Hip structure. All four slopes occupy the area from the ridge to the cornice overhang, while two side slopes are trapezoid in shape, and two end slopes (hips) are triangular. A feature of the truss hip frame is the presence of two pairs of diagonally installed layered rafters that extend from the edge of the ridge and serve as supports for sprenels and sprengels.

   The hip four-slope design is characterized by the fact that the slopes occupy the entire area of ​​​​the roof - from the ridge to the cornices

2. Dutch half hip. A device with truncated end slopes that do not reach the eaves. As a rule, they are 2-3 times smaller than trapezoidal ones. The advantage of this four-slope roof structure is the possibility of installation at the ends of the house normal window, as well as the absence of a sharp protrusion typical of gable roofs, which greatly increases the wind resistance of the structure.

   The Dutch half-hipped roof has truncated triangular slopes and part of the gable into which a conventional vertical window can be installed.

3. Danish half hip. It is characterized by the presence in the triangular slopes of the pediment at the ridge, which allows for full natural lighting of the under-roof space without installing skylights.
4. Tent construction. It is installed on houses with a square frame. All four slopes of a hipped roof are the same isosceles triangles connected at one point. During the construction of such a roof important aspect is to maintain symmetry.

   The structure of the four-slope truss system depends on the chosen roof configuration

Features of the supporting frame of the hipped roof

We note right away that the truss system of a four-pitched roof will be more complex than traditional gable roof structures for two reasons.

1. Due to the increase in the number of inclined planes and their docking with each other. At its core, the connection of the slopes is the intersection lines running at a certain angle to the horizon. The joints that form an angle protruding above the surface of the slopes are called roof ribs. From them, water flows down the slopes and accumulates in the grooves (valleys) - the lines of intersection with the inner corner. If all planes have the same slope, then the ribs and valleys divide the base angle at the junction of adjacent slopes in two and create a slope of 45 ° to the perimeter of the building.

   Four-pitched truss systems are distinguished by the absence of full gables, instead of which there are two triangular end slopes, as well as the presence of two lateral trapezoidal inclined planes, grooves and ribs

2. Due to the fact that the runs in the four-slope structure form a closed loop, where the hip (diagonal) rafter legs are located along the lines of the ribs and valleys. They are longer than ordinary beams, which are installed longitudinally to the slopes at a distance between intersections. hip rafters in the top harness. But between the lower parts of the diagonal legs, short rafters, called sprigs, are mounted. hallmark The frame of a four-pitched roof is the presence of trusses - wooden struts under the hip rafters.

   Support runs in four-pitched structures have a closed contour, where diagonal rafter legs are located along the lines of valleys and ribs

The main structural elements of the truss system of a hipped roof are:

Thus, the number of elements of the truss system of a four-pitched roof is much greater than, for example, gable design, and this, of course, increases the cost of its construction. However, in general, as we noted above, the arrangement of a hipped roof will cost a little more due to savings on laying a roofing pie, since waste insulating materials and covering flooring when cutting into a multi-pitched structure will be much less.

Despite the fact that the truss system of the four-slope structure is more complex and expensive, the construction of the entire roof is more profitable due to savings on the arrangement of the roofing pie.

In addition, the four-slope design:

Video: gable or four-pitched roof - what to choose

How to calculate the truss system of a four-pitched roof

The supporting structure of a hipped roof can be layered if the building has capital internal walls, or hanging when intermediate supports are not included in the building. With a hanging device, the rafters rest on the walls of the house and exert a bursting force on them. To relieve the load on the walls in such cases at the base rafter legs mount a puff connecting the rafters to each other.

The use of a layered structure makes the frame lighter and more economical due to the fact that less lumber is required for its arrangement. Because of this, the layered truss system is used much more often in the construction of multi-pitched roofs. But regardless of the type of rafters used, only correct calculation carrier frame and precise marking raise economic effect from the construction of a four-slope structure.

Marking and calculation of the supporting frame of a hipped roof

When calculating the truss system, you must adhere to the following rules.

To determine the installation location of the rafters and find their length, you will need a template.

Using a template will make measurements and calculations much easier. roof frame hipped roof

The length of the rafter leg can be determined by its laying (horizontal projection). For this, there is a special table of coefficients, presented below. The length of the rafter is determined by the size of its projection, multiplied by a coefficient corresponding to the slope of the slope.

Table: the ratio between the length and laying of the rafters

Consider an example: building private house in Yekaterinburg with a size of 7.5x12 m with a planned height of a hip roof made of metal tiles of 2.7 m.

1. First of all, we draw a drawing or a sketch of the roof.

   Before calculating the truss system, it is necessary to make a sketch of the building and apply all the initial data to it

2. We find the angle of inclination of the slopes using the formula: the tangent of the angle of inclination is equal to the ratio of the height of the roof to half the length of the span, in our case, to half of the end side L = 7.5 / 2 = 3.75. Thus, tg α = 2.7 / 3.75 = 0.72. According to the reference tables, we determine: α \u003d 36 °, which corresponds to the standards providing for a roof slope for metal tiles of at least 14 °, and climatic conditions Yekaterinburg.

   The tangent of the angle of inclination of the slopes is determined by the well-known formula for calculating the sides of a right triangle as the ratio of the opposite leg to the adjacent

3. We determine the position and edge of the ridge ridge, for which we apply the template at an angle of 36 ° in the middle top harness end (place of installation of the first central intermediate rafter) to a height of 2.7 m and design the outline on the sketch.
4. We retreat ½ of the thickness of the ridge beam from the axial (key) line and set the end of the measuring rail at this point. At the other end of the rail, we make marks for the outer and inner contours of the side wall, as well as the overhang. We turn the rail to the side and from inner corner external strapping, we mark the laying of the intermediate rafter at the mark of the inner contour, thus determining the installation location of the second intermediate central rafter.

   When arranging the truss frame of a four-pitched roof, the position of the central rafter legs is initially determined using a template and a measuring rail

5. We carry out similar actions at all corners, determining the edges of the ridge ridge and the location of all central rafter legs.
6. After planning the intermediate rafters, we determine their length from the table. In our example, the slope angle is 36°, its tangent is 0.72, which corresponds to a ratio of 8.64:12. There is no such value in the table, so we calculate the coefficient relative to the line with the parameter 8:12 - 8.64/ 8 = 1.08. Hence, the desired coefficient is 1.202 1.08 = 1.298.
7. Multiplying the depth of the intermediate rafters by the calculated coefficient, we find their length. Let's take into account the laying depth of 3 m, then L str \u003d 3 1.298 \u003d 3.89 m.

   The length of ordinary and central intermediate rafters depends on the angle of inclination of the roof and the depth of their laying

8. Similarly, we determine the length diagonal rafters, having previously calculated the pledge, equal to the distance from the angle of connection of the side and end slopes to the first intermediate central rafter. According to the initial data, the laying of the corner rafters is 7.5 / 2 = 3.75 m. Then the estimated length of the corner rafters will be 3.75 1.298 = 4.87 m.

   Corner rafters differ from intermediate device undercuts with double bevel in the ridge area, deeper and longer undercuts for the bearing part

9. We calculate the overhang according to the Pythagorean theorem according to the markings made, or simply add the desired size to the length of the rafters, for example, 0.6 m plus at least 0.3 m for arranging an external drain.

   To calculate the length of the overhang, you need to multiply its placement by the coefficient for an intermediate or corner rafter or to effective length rafters add the planned length of the overhang and at least 0.3 m for the organization of the outer drainage system

10. Having marked all the elements of the truss frame, we determine the length of the ridge ridge, which is equal to the difference in the length of the side and twice the value of laying the intermediate rafters: 12 - 2 3 = 6 m. It is at this distance that ordinary rafters will be installed. If you take a step of 1 m, then you need 5 ordinary rafters, equal in length to the central ones. In addition, at the site of laying the intermediate central rafters, having a length of 3 m, two short rafters will be installed from one and the other edge of the side.
11. Since the short rafters (spreaders) are attached to the diagonal ones, it means that two rafters will also be installed on the end sides between the corner and central intermediate rafters on the left and right.

Let's summarize the preliminary result - for the truss frame of a four-pitched roof you will need:

• two pairs of hip (corner) rafters with a length of 4.87 + 0.6 + 0.3 = 5.77 m;
• three pairs of intermediate central rafters 3.89 + 0.6 + 0.3 = 4.79 m long;
• five pairs of ordinary rafters 4.79 m long.

Only ten pairs of rafters, the total length of which will be approximately 100 running meters. We add here 6 m for the ridge beam, as well as a ten percent margin, and we get that approximately 117 linear meters of lumber are needed to make a simple hip truss frame with struts, struts, crossbars, trusses and fillies. But if racks and a bed are provided in the design, then they will have to be calculated separately or a larger percentage of the stock should be added.

Video: four-pitched roof truss system, installation technology

The measuring rail makes the work very easy and helps to avoid grossest mistakes during measurements. It is most often made independently from plywood 50 mm wide.

A few words need to be said about short rafters. They are calculated in the same way as the intermediate ones: the laying multiplied by the coefficient for the intermediate rafters from the table. However, the task can be facilitated and the length of the sprigs can not be calculated specifically, since the percentage of the stock is taken sufficient, and the trimming of the boards will be needed for the manufacture of structural reinforcing elements - struts, struts, crossbars, etc.

The length of short rafters (spiders) can not be calculated, since lumber trimmings are useful for the manufacture of reinforcing structural elements

Video: hip roof truss frame, element marking and assembly

Calculation of the section of lumber

After marking the position of the components of the truss frame, it is necessary to select suitable lumber, i.e., determine their allowable cross section. For calculations, you will need a zoned map of snow and wind loads and thermal resistance, as well as auxiliary tables based on regulations- SNiP II-3-79, SP 64.13330.2011, SNiP 2.01.07-85 and SP 20.13330.2011.

The device of a four-pitched roof includes the determination of the required section of lumber, which is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the loads on the truss structure during operation

The load from the snow cover is determined by the formula S = S g µ, where S is the desired snow load (kg / m²); S g - standard load for real terrain, indicated in the map, µ - correction factor depending on the slope of the roof. Since our tilt angle is in the range from 30 to 60 °, we calculate µ using the formula 0.033 * (60 - 36) = 0.792 (see note to the table below). Then S \u003d 168 0.792 \u003d 133 kg / m² (Ekaterinburg is located in the fourth climatic region, where S g \u003d 168 kg / m 2).

Table: determination of the µ index depending on the slope of the roof

Table: normative snow loads by region

We calculate the wind load by the formula W = W o k c, where W o is the standard indicator on the map, k is the tabular index, c is the coefficient aerodynamic drag, varying from -1.8 to +0.8 and depending on the slope of the slopes. If the angle of inclination is more than 30°, then according to SNiP 2.01.07–85 p. 6.6, the maximum positive value aerodynamic index equal to 0.8.

Yekaterinburg belongs to the first zone in terms of wind load, the house is being built in one of the districts of the city, the height of the building with the roof is 8.7 m (zone "B" in the table below), which means W o = 32 kg / m², k = 0 .65 and c = 0.8. Then W \u003d 32 0.65 0.8 \u003d 16.64 ≈ 17 kg / m². In other words, it is with this force that the wind at a height of 8.7 m presses on the roof.

Table: k value for different types of terrain

Table: standard wind load by region

Now we calculate the load on the supporting frame from the weight of the roof. To do this, add up the weight of all layers of the roofing cake laid on top of the rafters. We leave the rafters open to reach decorative effect, which means we lay all the layers on top of the rafters. The load of the roof on the elements of the truss system will be equal to the sum of the weights of the metal tile, lathing and counter lathing, insulating films, insulation, additional lathing and ventilation rails, a solid plywood base and facing material roof space.

When determining the load on the supporting frame from the weight of the roof, the weights of all layers of the roofing pie laid on top of the rafters are summed up

The mass of each layer can be found in the manufacturer's instructions by selecting highest value density. The thickness of the heat insulator is calculated from the map of thermal resistance for a certain area. We find it by the formula T = R λ P, where:

• T is the thickness of the heat insulator;
• R is the standard of thermal resistance for a particular area, according to the map enclosed in SNiP II-3–79, in our case 5.2 m 2 °C / W;
• λ is the thermal conductivity of the insulation, which for low-rise construction taken equal to 0.04;
• P - the highest value of the density of the heat-insulating material. We will use basalt insulation"Rocklight", for which P = 40 kg / m².

So, T \u003d 5.2 0.04 40 \u003d 8.32 ≈ 9 kg / m². Thus, the total load of the roof will be equal to 5 (metal tile) + 4 (solid flooring) + 23 (basic lathing, additional and counter lathing) + 0.3 2 (insulating films) + 9 (insulation) + 3 (cladding) = 44 ,6 ≈ 45 kg/m².

Having received all the necessary intermediate values, we determine the total load on the supporting frame of the hipped roof: Q \u003d 133 + 17 + 45 \u003d 195 kg / m².

The allowable cross-section of lumber is calculated by the formulas:

• H ≥ 9.5 L max √ if angle α > 30°;
• H ≥ 8.6 L max √ if α< 30°.

The following notation is used here:

• H - board width (cm);
• L max - the maximum working length of the rafters (m). Since the layered rafter legs are connected in the ridge area, the entire length is considered to be working and L max = 4.79 m;
• R izg - an indicator of the resistance of wood to bending (kg / cm). According to the set of rules 64.13330.2011 for wood grade II R izg = 130 kg/cm;
• B is the thickness of the board, taken arbitrarily. Suppose B = 5 cm;
• Q r - load per linear meter of one rafter leg (kg / m). Qr \u003d A Q, where A is the pitch of the rafters, which in our case is 1 m. Therefore, Q r \u003d 195 kg / m.

Substitute the numerical values ​​into the formula → H ≥ 9.5 4.79 √ = 9.5 4.79 0.55 = 25.03 cm ≈ 250 mm.

Table: nominal dimensions of softwood edged boards

From the table, the thickness of the board with a width of 250 mm can vary from 25 to 250 mm. The table of dependence of the section on the pitch and length of the rafters will help to determine more specifically. The length of the intermediate rafters is 4.79 m, the step is 1.0 m - we look at the table and select the appropriate section. It is equal to 75X250 mm.

Table: section of lumber depending on the length and pitch of the rafters

Here is another table for those who will use hardwood lumber.

Table: limit deviations from the nominal dimensions of boards

We check the correctness of the calculations by substituting the numerical parameters in the following inequality / ≤ 1. We get (3.125 195 x 4.79³) / (7.5 x 25³) = 0.57 - the section is chosen accurately and with a good margin. Let's check less powerful beams with a section of 50x250 mm. Substitute the values ​​again: (3.125 195 x 4.79³) / (5 x 25³) = 0.86. The inequality is again fulfilled, so a 50x250 mm beam is quite suitable for our roof.

Video: calculation of the hip roof truss system

After all the intermediate calculations, we summarize: for the construction of the roof, we need 117 linear meters edged board section 50X250 mm. This is approximately 1.5 m³. Since it was initially agreed that for a four-pitched hip structure it is desirable to use lumber of the same section, then for the Mauerlat you should purchase the same timber in an amount equal to the perimeter of the house - 7.5 2 + 12 2 = 39 running meters. m. Taking into account the margin of 10% for cutting and marriage, we get 43 running meters or approximately 0.54 m³. Thus, we need approximately 2 m³ of lumber with a section of 50X250 mm.

The length of the rafters is the gap from the undercut for the supporting part to the undercut for the ridge beam.

Video: an example of calculating the roof on an online calculator

Rafter system installation technology

The arrangement of a four-slope structure has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account:

Manufactured and assembled in compliance with all the rules, a rafter frame of a layered type for a four-slope roof will be a non-spreading structure. It is possible to prevent the appearance of spacers if, in the places of support on the Mauerlat, the planes of the rafters are made horizontal.

In most cases, two schemes are used to support the rafter legs.

In four-slope hip structures, the length of the corner legs is often greater than the typical length of lumber. Therefore, the timber and boards are spliced, trying to locate the joints at a distance of 0.15 of the span length (L) from the center of the supports, which is approximately equivalent to the interval between the support points. The rafters are connected using the oblique cut method, tightening the joints with bolts Ø12–14 mm. Wash down is recommended to be done on the rafters, and not on the support beam, so that the cut does not weaken the supports.

Since the standard length of most lumber does not exceed 6 m, the diagonal rafters are increased in length using the oblique cut and connected with bolts when using timber or with nails and clamps if boards are spliced.

Table: position of supports for corner rafters

To join the sprigs with the rafters, the top of the half-rafters is ground down, keeping it in the same plane with the corner legs, and fixed with nails. When placing the rafters on the rafters, they strictly monitor that they do not converge in one place. If you use not a cut, but cranial bars 50X50 mm, stuffed in the lower zone of the rafters on both sides, when installing the sprigs, then the rigidity of the rafter legs will be higher, which means that their bearing capacity will increase.

To increase the rigidity of the rafter frame, it is recommended to use cranial bars, stuffed on both sides at the bottom of the rafter legs, when installing sprigs.

Do-it-yourself installation of a truss structure

The construction of the four-pitched roof frame is carried out in several stages.

1. The materials are laid out and calculated, after which the roofing material is laid as a waterproofing around the entire perimeter of the building. A support for racks and a Mauerlat are laid on top of it, fixing it to the walls, fixing it especially well in the corners.

   Mauerlat in four-slope structures is laid around the entire perimeter and is well fixed to the walls, especially at the corners, to create a strong knot for attaching diagonal rafters

2. They install a frame for the ridge run and lay the run itself, rigidly maintaining the height and spatial arrangement skate, since the strength and reliability of the entire roof structure.
3. Support posts are placed using a water level for leveling and secured under the ridge with inclined supports. The arrangement of the racks is done based on the configuration of the roof - in the hip structure, the racks are installed in one row with an interval of no more than two meters, and in a hipped roof - diagonally at the same interval from the corner.
4. Mount the central intermediate rafters, and then ordinary ones, filling the middle of the side slopes.
5. According to the markup, corner rafters are installed, preferably made with reinforcement, resting them with their lower part on the corner of the Mauerlat, and with the upper fragment on the rack. Here they make a bookmark of the cornice overhang and drain.
6. Next, half-rafters (springs) are placed, strengthening the lower part of the diagonal legs with trusses, which will partially unload the corner rafters, and sheathe the roof with a wind board around the perimeter of the roof.

   Sprengel grating is used for steep roofs and relatively large spans in order to avoid deflection of the diagonal rafters

7. After the installation of the truss system is laid roofing cake, equip cornice overhangs and drainage system.

   When installing the truss system of a four-pitched roof, you need to carefully consider the joining of the diagonal rafters, the central rafter from the side of the end of the building, as well as the ridge beam

Video: hipped roof on nails and a stool

Self erection a hipped roof is, of course, not an easy process. But if you have measuring instruments, as well as the necessary tools, you will succeed. The main thing is the desire to assemble the structure with your own hands and the desire to adhere general principles. And so that the roof lasts as long as possible and retains its amazingly beautiful appearance, try not to save on the elements of the truss frame and use modern reliable metal fasteners for wood to fix them.

The rafter system is a combination of all the supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing pie lies. The ability of the roof to withstand the wind depends on the strength and reliability of this foundation. snow load, protect interior spaces from water and cold. In order not to resort to expensive services of firms that perform roofing professionally, we will tell you what the truss system consists of, what materials will be required for its manufacture and how to assemble it.

Types of hipped roofs

The name "four-pitched" combines several types of roofs, consisting of four planes, slopes:

Despite external differences, the truss systems of a hipped roof are made up of the same elements, guided by the same rules.

Types of truss systems

Roof truss system four-slope type accepts different kind, depending on the initial conditions: the area of ​​the overlapped house and the internal layout. There are three types:

Which type of truss system is suitable for concrete house, are determined during the design period, making calculations and drawing up drawings.

Calculation of the slope of the slopes and the height of the ridge

The drafting of the truss system of a hipped roof begins with calculations that determine the geometry of the future structure:

To facilitate the process of designing a gable roof truss system, special computer calculator programs can be used, which require only the entry of initial data: the size of the house, the number of slopes.

Load calculation

The next design stage is the determination of the composition of the elements of the truss system and their section. To do this, calculate the loads to which the four-slope design. They are divided into three types:

Summing up the values ​​of all loads, determine the total, which, depending on the used roofing material can reach 180-250 kg per square meter. Based on this figure, the number of elements of the truss system and their cross section are determined, referring to the reference table. More complex systems it is more convenient to calculate in special programs, the result of which is finished circuit roof truss system of four-pitched type.

Main elements

The truss system of a hipped roof consists of many constituent parts, mandatory and auxiliary:

1. Mauerlat. A beam with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, evenly distributing the load along the perimeter of the bearing walls. The difference between a hipped roof is that its installation requires four Mauerlats, and not two, as for a gable roof.
2. Sill. A beam that serves as a support for racks, which is used in a layered truss system. He, like the Mauerlat, distributes the weight of the roof, but is located on the inner load-bearing wall.
3. Rafter legs. Elements from boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm, which carry the roofing pie and set the geometry of the slopes. In the construction of hipped roofs, ordinary, layered and outdoor rafters are used. Privates are located in pairs along the ridge run, forming trapezoidal slopes. Skew, diverging from the ridge to the two corners of the house, form end triangular slopes. And the outdoor rafters are supported top on layered and have different lengths.
4. Skate ride. A beam resting on vertical posts to which rafters are attached. This is the highest point of the roof.
5. Racks. Vertical supports that are installed on the bed. They support the ridge run or the middle of the rafter leg.
6. Struts. Bars that are installed at an angle to the rafter legs to prevent their deflection.
7. Drawbar and bolt. Horizontal lintels made of wood or metal connecting pairs of rafter legs, reducing the bursting load on the walls. The crossbar is installed at the top of the rafters, in the puff at the bottom, often used as floor beams.
8. Sprengel farms. Sprengel - vertical riser for slanted rafters. If there is nothing to rest against, set a puff between two adjacent sides of the house and with the help metal corners attach the sprengel.
9. Crate. The basis for a flooring of roofing material. If the boards are nailed without gaps, the construction of the crate is called solid. And if the boards alternate with a small gap - trellised. The scheme of the lathing depends on the type of roofing material.
10. Eaves. Part of the rafters, which protrudes 40-50 cm beyond the perimeter of the house, protecting it from moisture.

Assembling the truss system

Having a drawing of the truss system in hand, you can begin assembly work. Since mainly natural wood is used as the material, it will not be superfluous to treat it with a deep penetration antiseptic to protect it from moisture and bacteria. Roofing craftsmen pay attention to a number of features that should be considered when installing a hipped roof truss system:

A well-designed and high-quality assembled truss system is the basis long service life hipped roof, which will become reliable protection from bad weather, whether it is tent or hip!

Video instruction

Classic - the design with four slopes remains unusual for Russians, evoking associations with the overseas way of life. It is built when they want to apply interesting architectural solutions, to achieve a special effect that is perceived differently, the house compares favorably with monotonous buildings.

The photo of the hipped roof shows a wide variety of options, the main thing is to build in accordance with all the rules, then you can take advantage of the many benefits.

Varieties of hipped roofs

Making drawings of hipped roofs on your own is a difficult task: specialists will be able to correctly perform calculations. The slopes are performed as isosceles triangles, when the roof looks like a square from above, it is hipped, and if it resembles a rectangle, the variety is called a hip.

Classic variation

The classics include a hip or Dutch roof, which is resistant to adverse weather conditions: strong wind and heavy snowfalls.

The surface of the structure is formed by 2 slopes in the form of a trapezoid on the long sides and 2 slopes with a triangular shape on the short sides.

Many modern architects believe that, aesthetically, a Dutch roof looks more presentable than a hipped one. The rafter system is formed by 4 support bars, they descend from the slopes to upper corners structures.

2 types of semi-hip roof:

• Dutch - cut off a part from the end upper side from the side slopes.
• Danish - cut off a part from the end bottom side from the side slopes.

Dutch roof construction

The semi-hip combines the characteristics of a gable and four-slope roof: the end slopes are presented in the form of triangles, the length of the hip is 1.5 - 3 times less than the length of the side slopes.

Design allows installation vertical window, it does not have a sharp protrusion characteristic of gable roof, so the roof can withstand large wind loads.

Danish roof construction

This type of hip roof is characterized by ease of installation, it is necessary to mount the end slope from below, leaving a small pediment under the ridge.

The Danish design provides the following benefits to users:

• No need to install problematic skylights that require high-quality waterproofing.
• The option provides good natural lighting of the attic floor due to the vertical glazing.

hipped roof construction

A type of roof is installed on buildings with a square perimeter, important nuance- all skates should have same shape. Construction tent structure is more complex when compared with the hip: it is necessary that the rafters converge at one point.

truss system

Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof - optimal solution for everyone who wants to save money family budget. The sequence of construction work:

The planning and design phase is time consuming and every detail needs to be carefully considered. No matter how easy the installation of the roof may seem, be sure to make a drawing that will help to detect flaws and shortcomings.

If the calculation of the hipped roof is done incorrectly, it will be quite difficult to correct the situation - as a result of an error, the diagonal rafters will not connect in the ridge. Better take advantage the best option, prepare the drawing using one of the special graphics programs.

Creating a 3D model allows you to see what it will look like future roof to prepare a detailed drawing, seek professional help.

Preparation of structural elements

Mauerlat is laid on top along the perimeter of the walls, its task is to serve as a support for the rafters, the material of manufacture is a beam of 15x10 cm.

The slope of the roof is made using rafter legs, standard rafters are made from boards 50X150 mm, diagonal - 100X150 mm.

Special puffs do not allow the rafter legs to move, they are fixed, and their ends are connected at the bottom, for manufacturing they take a board 50X150 m.

A bed made of timber 100x100 mm or 100x150 mm is cross beam, which serves as a support for the racks that hold the ridge run.

The slopes do not allow the rafters to move, they are set at an angle to the uprights, the material of manufacture is a beam with the same dimensions as for the manufacture of the bed.

A skate rests on a vertical stand; it is made of material for Mauerlat.

A horizontal wind board connects the rafter ends from below, it is nailed to the rafters with inside roofing, using a board 100x50 mm.

A filly is attached to the outside of the structure - a board made of exactly the same material.

by the most complex element Sprengel is considered, it stiffens the roof, connecting the horizontal and vertical components. Sprengel is made from a bar with dimensions of 100x100 mm, it must be installed at an angle.

Rafters or shortened rafters are only in the hip roof, they are made from a board 50x150 mm.

Installation of the attic floor

Roof suspensions are best made of steel, special clamps and girders are used for fastening, suspended ceiling significantly reduces the load.

If the trusses are steel, then the ceiling is made fireproof; reinforced concrete slabs prefabricated type, and a light insulation is placed on them.

Optimal material for manufacturing load-bearing structures are large-sized prefabricated panels with high fire resistance.

Setting the skate run

You will need to make 2 runs if the structure has capital longitudinal walls or there are internal pillars in 2 rows. When internal supports are provided in the building, construction trusses are made and the ceiling is suspended from them. When the width of the house is large, the structure is hung on steel clamps to the truss belt below.

Installation of rafters

Diagonal rafter legs should rest on the ridge, they are additionally fixed with a metal wire.

When one run is made, the diagonal legs are nailed to the consoles, and when there are two runs, they are attached to a trussed structure made of a horizontal beam with uprights.

Photo hipped roof

Building a house with your own hands is a long and laborious process, as well as very costly in finance. If you wish, you can save on the installation of the roof and do the installation of a 4-pitched roof with your own hands.

The hipped roof is the most popular view roofing, which is also quite easy to build with my own hands. If you have at least minimal skills and experience in construction work, then, following the instructions, you can build a roof yourself. The choice of a 4-pitched design is explained by its many advantages - this is the effective removal of rainwater and snow, resistance to wind loads. under such a roof, you can equip a spacious attic. An important role is played by the cost of building a roof, 4 pitched roof- a fairly economical option.

Kinds

There are several types of roofs with 4 slopes. The most popular is the so-called hip roof. It consists of two trapezoids and two triangles. Trapezoidal slopes are connected to each other along the upper edge, and triangular ones join them from the frontal sides.

Another common option is four triangular surfaces connected at one central point. You can also create almost any project that provides slopes at different levels, different shapes, with a broken connection line, etc.

If you are not a professional in the field of construction, then when creating a 4-pitched roof, stop at the hip roof as the easiest to install.

How to make a 4-pitched roof with your own hands. Step-by-step instruction

Before proceeding with the installation of the roof, it is necessary to draw up its project. Calculations can be carried out independently, since there is nothing complicated in this. The main thing is understanding what this or that parameter on the diagram depends on.

Slope angle

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slopes, three indicators are used:

The slope can be from 5 to 60 degrees. You should also consider whether you will equip the attic space. If the slopes are too gentle, then the height of the attic will be small - living room here it would be impossible. Thus, for the construction of the attic, the slope of the slopes should be no more than 45 degrees.

If the area is characterized by frequent gusty winds or heavy rainfall in winter time, do not make a roof with an angle of inclination of less than 30 degrees.

If the slope is 60 degrees or more, then atmospheric phenomena climate zone may not be taken into account.

As for the roofing material, building codes provided minimum values for each of them.

• Roll materials made on the basis of bitumen can be laid horizontally.
• Asbestos cement and clay tiles - at an angle of 9 degrees.
• Roofing materials made of steel - a slope of 18 degrees or more.
• Wood - from 34 degrees.

Height

The height of the roof is the parameter that will need to be calculated. We know the area of ​​the base since the box is built. The angle of inclination of the roof was calculated in the previous step. Thus, using simple formulas from the time of the school curriculum, it will be possible to calculate the height of the ridge.

Training. Necessary tools and materials

Prepare everything in advance necessary tools so as not to be distracted by their search later. You will need:

• hacksaw
• measuring instruments: plumb, level and tape measure
• chisel
• circular saw
• drill
• screwdriver
• a hammer

Of the materials, the main role is given to roofing. Do not forget also about the fasteners with which it will be attached to the truss system.

High-quality lumber is used for the sheathing of a hipped roof, larch or pine wood is suitable.

The maximum moisture content of boards and beams is 22%.

• For rafters - boards 50 x 100 mm or 50 x 200 mm
• For Mauerlat - timber 150 x150 mm or more
• Lathing boards

Also purchase metal threaded studs and metal plates - these elements will be used for fastening. You will also need an antiseptic for pre-treatment wood. To complete the installation of the roof as quickly as possible, prepare the hydraulic and thermal insulation material that are included in the project.

truss system

1. Mauerlat. This is the base of the truss system, which is made of thick timber. If you are making a roof on a log house, then the last crown of the log house will play the role of the Mauerlat. If the house is brick, then the Mauerlat installation is also designed in advance. A concrete belt is made under it, into which metal studs are immured. A beam is subsequently fixed on them.
2. Skate ride. This is the topmost part of the system, thick timber, on which rafter boards will subsequently be attached.
3. Rafter. These elements are boards from which the main frame is created.
   • diagonal rafters connect the corners of the Mauerlat and the ridge run
   • row rafters are mounted on trapezoidal slopes
   • rafter semi-legs rest on the Mauerlat, and on the other hand, on the diagonal rafters
4. Sill. Installed parallel to the ridge run on load-bearing wall. Its task is to transfer part of the weight of the roof to the frame.
5. Support racks. They connect the bed and the ridge run together, make the structure more durable.
6. Struts. They lean on the bed and support the diagonal rafters to reduce the load on them.
7. Other auxiliary structural elements are sprengel, puffs, fillies, crossbars. They support certain parts of the crate and relieve them of the load.

Stages of work on the installation of the frame

1. Installation of Mauerlat and bed.
2. Installation of vertical racks in increments of 1000 - 1200 mm.
3. Mounting the ridge run.
4. Installation of rafter legs. First, one element is made, tried on for the Mauerlat and the ridge run. Based on it, the rest of the details are made. The installation step of the rafter legs is 600 or 1200 mm.
5. Installation of diagonal rafters. They start fastening from the top, the boards are cut into the ridge so that they become its continuation. From below they are fixed in the corners of the Mauerlat.
6. Fastening sprockets.
7. Installation of struts and trusses. These elements are not always necessary. If the structure is strong enough without them, then there is no need for installation.

   Additional elements are necessary if the length of the rafters is from 6 meters or more. In other cases - at your discretion.

8. Installation of waterproofing. The selected material is fastened with a construction stapler.
9. Sheathing flooring. If it is solid, ordinary plywood will do. Boards are used for the lattice frame.
10. Roofing material. Fastening is carried out exclusively in the way that is suitable for the specifically selected building material. It is best to use the fasteners that come with the kit.
11. Installation of a drainage system. This is the final part of the roof installation.

If a attic space If you plan to use it as a residential attic, you need to insulate it from the inside. Then it remains only to carry out Finishing work- and the roof is ready for operation both outside and inside.

• If you are not sure of your own knowledge, you can order a hip roof project from professionals. Often it is done simultaneously with the project of the house. In any case, it will cost less than restoring the roof after installation according to the wrong parameters.
• If you own computer programs, you can create a roof layout in 3d projection.
• Don't skimp on materials. Before installation, carefully check all boards for strength and treat with an antiseptic. The elements should not have cracks, bends, bumps. For the rafter system, materials of grade 1 and above are used.
• Before installing the Mauerlat, the surface of the walls can be covered with roofing material.
• Mauerlat must be fixed very firmly so that it does not move even a fraction of a millimeter during operation. This is the basis of the entire truss system, on which the strength of the roof depends.
• Compound roof elements between themselves is carried out with the help of metal corners, which are firmly attached to the connected elements with bolts.

Thus, it is quite possible to make a four-pitched hip roof with your own hands if you have at least basic building skills. It will only take careful preparation, the study of theory and the preparation of a detailed project with the calculation of the amount of materials needed.

An example of the construction of a hip roof can be seen in the following video: