Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof. Rafter system of a hipped roof: an overview of the hip and tent structures. Step VII: Lathing

Pitched roof structures are very often used in private homes. Their four-slope variety is ideal for tall buildings, since the roof looks more compact and neat without a massive gable. The design of the hipped roof contains many constituent elements. It can be both relatively simple and more complex due to dormers and dormer windows. But in the latter case, it looks more interesting and diverse.

The hipped roof, in comparison with its gable counterpart, better resists wind loads, precipitation and protects the walls of the building well. Its design is more complex, but such a roof can be built independently on a small house or gazebo. In the photo on the network you can see how beautiful and harmonious the 4-pitched roof looks. It decorates both one-story houses and higher buildings.

Before you make a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to decide on its type. There are the following types of such systems:

hip design has in its composition two slopes of a trapezoidal shape and two triangular slopes, called hips. The first two slopes are joined to each other in the ridge. During installation, the method of arranging layered rafters, as in a gable system, and sloping rafter legs from a 4-slope system, is used.
Half hip design has the same structure, only the hip slopes are shortened. Under them is a pediment, in which you can make large windows to illuminate the attic or attic floor without losing the strength of the roof.
You can also build hipped roofs with your own hands if you make four slopes in the shape of an isosceles triangle. They converge at one point.
Hardest to build yourself hipped roof complex configuration with many valleys, gables, junctions and attic windows. In this case, it is better to entrust the construction to specialists, since only they will be able to correctly calculate the structure, execute its plan, diagram and assemble it on the spot.

Attention! In addition to the supporting frame of the roof, it is necessary to decide on roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, since different roof designs and slope slopes require the use of different materials.

Constituent elements

Since the design of a hipped roof is practically the same as a gable roof system, it consists of the same constituent elements, but with the addition of some additional details. 4-pitched roof includes the following details:

Mauerlat. This is a wooden beam of square or rectangular section, which is laid on top of the external load-bearing walls on which the rafters will rest. It takes the entire load and distributes it evenly for transfer to the walls. Houses with a hipped roof are made with a Mauerlat section of 100x100 mm or 150x100 mm.
Beds are internal supporting elements that are laid on load-bearing walls inside the house or support. The material and cross section of the bed is the same as that of the Mauerlat.
Rafters are divided into sloping and side. The last of them form a trapezoidal slope, and the slanting ones are needed for hip slopes. In a hipped roof, side rafters are not used. The side rafters are assembled from a beam with a section of 5x15 cm, and the diagonal ones - 10x15 cm. The optimal step of the rafter system is 800-900 mm, but it can be less or more depending on the chosen roofing and roof design features.
Racks are needed to support the frame of the four-slope structure.
Skate run- a horizontal element that simultaneously connects the rafters and serves as a support for them. The pitched design of the hipped roof does not have a ridge. It is better to make it from a bar with a section of 150x100 (50) mm.
Puffs - a horizontal element that connects paired side rafters, preventing them from moving apart. Material - board with a section of 5x15 cm.
Sprockets are shortened rafters that are attached to a diagonal leg. They are made from a board measuring 150x50 mm.
Struts are special struts that allow you to increase the strength and load-bearing capacity of the roof.
The filly is the elements that form the overhang of the roof and are attached to the rafters from below. It is made from a bar with a section of 120x50 mm.

When arranging a more complex 4-pitched roof, the drawing and structural diagram may contain other additional elements, for example, cornices, protective strips, additional lathing, etc. In order to accurately calculate the required amount of material, it is necessary to make a sketch or drawing to scale, and carry out all the necessary calculations on it.

Important: the material of all the constituent elements of the roof is coniferous wood of at least grade 2 with a moisture content of not more than 15%.

Mounting sequence

We will study how a hipped roof is made with our own hands using the example of the simplest hip design. The step-by-step process of installing the constituent elements of the roof looks like this:

To transfer and evenly distribute the load from the roof frame, snow and the roofing itself, Mauerlats are laid on the load-bearing walls. The beams are fixed to the enclosing structures by means of anchor studs, which are laid even at the stage of wall construction. If the house is built of wood, then the role of the Mauerlat is performed by the last crown of the log house. Mauerlat beam is necessarily protected from brick, concrete and stone walls by means of waterproofing. To do this, it is wrapped with two layers of roofing material.
Beds are laid on load-bearing internal walls. They are necessary where racks are provided in the truss system. If there are no internal load-bearing walls in the house or they are in the wrong place, then reinforced beams must be provided under the racks, which act as floors. As a rule, beams have a section of 20x5 cm, so the bearing elements are increased to a section of 20x10 cm.
After that, they begin to install racks on load-bearing beams or beds. Racks are leveled by level or plumb and temporarily fixed by means of supports made of boards. For reliable fixation of the rack, metal corners or steel plates are used. For a simple hip system, you'll need one row of poles centered just below the ridge. The step of the racks is not more than 2 m. When arranging a hipped roof, the racks must be installed under diagonal legs at the same distance from the corner of the house.
Next, runs are placed on the installed racks. In a conventional hip system, this run is a strong point. At the hipped roof, all the girders form a rectangle with a smaller perimeter than the house itself. All runs in this design are fastened with metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Now you can start installing the rafter legs. At the same time, the installation of side rafters in a simple hip system is performed in the following sequence:

A board (150x25 mm) along the width of the rafters is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the extreme rack and a template is made. The upper cut is marked on it (the place by which the rafter leg will rest on the ridge) and cut out.
Next, the template is applied to the ridge and the lower cut is cut out (the one with which the rafter element will rest on the Mauerlat beam).
After that, the finished template is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the rafters and the need to fit for each rafter element is checked.
The rafters are marked and a notch is cut out according to the template.
Now the rafter legs can be installed and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge beam. For fixing use metal corners and screws or staples.

You can learn more about the installation of a hipped roof truss system from the proposed video:

For the manufacture of diagonal reinforced rafters, you can use two spliced boards of a conventional side rafter. A template for diagonal legs is done in the same way. The upper part of these elements rests on the rack, and the lower part rests on the corner part of the Mauerlat. That is why the cuts must be made at 45 degrees.
Next, sprigs are installed between the two diagonal rafters. The installation step of these elements is equal to the installation step of the rafters. The upper part of the narozhnik rests on a diagonal leg, the lower part - on the Mauerlat. Washed down on the top of the sprigs in half of the elements is done in a mirror image. The lower washed down is usually performed in place. After mounting the element, an overhang is formed, which is aligned with the stretched cord and cut.
The constructed truss system does not yet guarantee the reliability of the roof. Since the diagonal legs bear the maximum load, it is necessary to install additional racks under them - spregnels. They must rest on reinforced floor beams.
Under the side rafter legs, struts are installed, which with their lower edge rest on a bed or floor beam, and their upper edge should rest against the rafter at an angle of about 45 °.
Do-it-yourself hipped roof can be made with any roofing, for example, from ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, flexible tiles. But it is worth remembering that under the soft coating you need to make a continuous crate of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. If you plan to make an attic floor, then it is necessary to lay a heater between the rafters, and hem everything from below with a vapor barrier. If the attic is cold, then only the floors are insulated. Waterproofing is necessarily laid under the roofing and a ventilation gap is made.

A four-pitched roof is a very popular type of roof that allows you to give the house an original look. It is often used in projects of fairly large houses, as it looks more compact and neater than a gable with gables. The design of a hipped roof can be simple or include various elements - dormers and dormer windows, for example, really enliven the structure, make it unique.

A four-pitched roof compares favorably with a gable roof not only in appearance. It protects the building much more reliably from rain, snow and wind. The design of such a roof is more complicated than that of a gable roof, but for a small house or gazebo, a do-it-yourself four-slope roof is not particularly difficult.

Varieties of a hipped roof

A simple hip roof consists of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular hip roofs. During its construction, techniques are used to make layered rafters and four-pitched rafters.

Four-pitched roof for a country house

The semi-hip roof consists of two trapezoidal slopes and two cut-off hips, under which there is a pediment. This design allows you to make an attic floor with large panoramic windows in the attic and at the same time does not reduce the reliability of the roof.

A hipped roof differs from a simple hip roof in that all its four slopes are exactly the same, they are isosceles triangles converging at one point.

A complex hipped roof may contain vertical attic windows with gables, valleys and adjoining other elements of the building. To perform such a roof, it is better to resort to the services of specialists or use a ready-made project and calculation of materials.

Elements of a pitched roof

The four-pitched roof as a whole consists of the same elements as the gable roof, but the features of its design require the installation of additional frame components. The elements of a hipped roof include:

Mauerlat - a beam laid on the upper part of the outer walls and taking the main load from the roof;
Beds - internal support bars laid on load-bearing walls or columns;
Rafters - lateral and diagonal, or slanting. The side rafters form a trapezoidal roof slope, the sloping rafters form a hip. The hipped roof has no side rafters;
Racks and sprengels - vertical supports supporting the truss system;
A ridge beam or purlin is a horizontal support for the rafters at the top of the roof. It is laid on racks and fixed. The hipped roof is made without a ridge beam;
Puffs or crossbars - horizontal elements connecting the side rafters and not allowing them to move apart;
Narozhniki - elements laid on diagonal rafters and forming a slope frame;
Struts and wind beams - struts that increase the strength of the roof and its ability to withstand loads;
Filly - boards that form the necessary overhang of the roof and are fixed to the rafters in their lower part.

Depending on the design of the roof, other elements can also be used, such as battens, protective strips, cornices above the windows and porch.

To calculate the required amount of materials, you need to draw a sketch of the roof in advance, decide on its shape and dimensions, then draw a scale drawing and calculate the required material.

Technology for the construction of a hipped roof

In order for the load from the rafter system, roofing and snow swept onto the roof in winter to be evenly distributed, longitudinal elements are laid on top of all load-bearing walls - Mauerlat and beds. They are made from a bar 100x150 mm or 150x150 mm, and in some cases from reinforced concrete beams. In self-construction of a house, wood is usually used - this material is easier and more convenient to process, so we will consider it. The beam is placed on the walls and fixed with anchor studs. Studs are installed even during the construction of walls, deepening them into the masonry. In wooden buildings, the upper crown of the frame serves as supports. Between the Mauerlat and the wall, waterproofing is necessarily performed from two layers of roofing material. The beds are placed on the load-bearing partitions on which the support posts will be installed.
If there are no internal partitions in the house or they are not located in the center of the roof, the racks are placed on reinforced floor beams. Overlappings are usually made of boards 50x200 mm. The beam, on which the racks are installed, carries an increased load, so it is made from two spliced boards or from a bar 100x200 mm.
Install the support posts on the beds or floor beams. They are leveled using a plumb line or water level, after which they are fixed with temporary supports from boards to self-tapping screws. Racks are attached to the bed or ceiling with the help of a corner and metal plates-overlays. Racks for a hip simple roof are placed in one row in the center of the roof, under the ridge. The distance between them should not be more than two meters. For the construction of a hipped roof, racks are placed on diagonal lines at an equal distance from the corner. At the same time, the racks should form a rectangle that repeats the shape of the perimeter of the house. The height of the racks is determined by the roof project.
Runs are laid on the racks. For a simple hip roof, this is a ridge run laid on racks and forming a roof ridge. For a hipped roof, the girders are placed on racks in the form of a rectangle. Fix them on the corner and self-tapping screws.
Proceed to install the rafters. The side rafters on a simple hip roof are installed similarly to the rafters of a gable roof: a board with a width similar to the width of the rafter board is applied to the ridge beam in the area of \u200b\u200bthe extreme rack - 150 mm. A template is made on it. The board for the template can be taken not so thick and heavy, 25 mm thickness is enough. On the template, mark the upper gash, with which the rafter will rest on the ridge beam, cut it out. Having attached the template to the ridge, they also mark out the lower gash, with which the rafter will rest on the Mauerlat. The finished template is applied to the ridge run at the installation sites of the side rafters, checking the need to fit each rafter in place. If the template fits perfectly, the rafters are marked and cut according to the template in the right amount. They are installed on the ridge run and Mauerlat and fixed with the help of corners and self-tapping screws or on brackets. The pitch of the rafters is from 0.5 to 1.5 meters.
Diagonal rafters carry an increased load, so they are made of two boards spliced in thickness. The diagonal rafter pattern is performed in a similar way. Diagonal rafters rest on the upright with their upper side, and on the Mauerlat angle with their lower side, so the cuts in the boards must be made at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the board.
The distance between the diagonal rafters on the hip slopes is filled with sprigs. They are installed in increments equal to the calculated pitch of the rafters, and the upper part is supported by the diagonal rafter, and the lower part is supported by the Mauerlat. Usually a less thick board is used, since the spears do not carry a significant load. In the upper part of the board, they make a wash down, and according to this template, half of the sprigs are performed, the second half - in a mirror image. The lower cuts are marked in place, and the ends of the sprigs, forming an overhang, are cut along the stretched cord after installation.
The lower quarter of the diagonal rafters experiences the greatest load, so vertical supports - sprengels are placed under them. These racks are placed similarly to ridge racks on reinforced beams - when pre-calculating the floors, you need to immediately lay them. Braces are placed under the side rafters, resting their lower edge on the bed or floor beams, and the upper edge on the rafter leg at an angle of about 45 degrees to the horizon.
Perform a crate. Almost any roofing material can be used on a hipped roof, and the choice between or is a matter of taste and the features of their installation. Often, soft tiles are used as a coating for complex roofs; in this case, the crate is made of solid plywood. The issue is decided depending on the design of the house - when building a residential attic in it, insulation is necessary, but if the attic is cold, it is not easy to build a hipped roof with your own hands, but with a good skill in working with wood and roofing materials, this is quite a doable task. For a better understanding of the construction process, you can also watch the video.

Most often, a hipped roof for a house is chosen because of its external attractiveness, not taking into account that this design has other advantages: the ability to withstand large wind loads, increase the level of protection of walls from moisture, and allow equipping living quarters in the attic space.

Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof. A photo

Four slopes are considered the best option for regions with strong winds and high rainfall. When deciding to build a hipped roof on your own, it must be taken into account that this design is t Requires accurate drawings and increased attention to measurements and markings.

Preparatory work

The main difference between a four-pitched (hip) roof with four slopes and a design with two slopes is the absence of the need for side gables. The four-slope structure consists of two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes, the latter replacing the pediments.

Under the roof, there can be just an attic or a residential attic. The construction of a hipped roof begins with determining its purpose and selecting materials, taking into account climate features. It is important to take into account the amount of precipitation and the strength of the wind when choosing the angles of the slopes, the thickness of the materials for the wooden components and the type of roof.

Important! The slope of the slopes can vary from 5 to 60° . The stronger the winds and the more precipitation, the greater the slope.

Wooden components should be thicker than for a gable structure. If the slope does not exceed 18 °, roll materials are suitable for roofing. With a slope of 18-30 °, it is better to choose metal or ceramic tiles.

h calculation do-it-yourself pitched roof. A photo

Upon completion of the first stage, an accurate roofing scheme. You need to know what materials and in what volumes you need to buy.

Stages of building a hipped roof with your own hands

For the construction of a hipped roof, coniferous wood without defects with a moisture content of 18-22% is used. First of all, a foundation is arranged that evenly distributes the load on the supporting structures. A layer is laid around the perimeter of the building waterproofing and mounted Mauerlat- a solid beam 10x15 cm or 15x15 cm. Connections are made into an overlay, metal brackets, plates and corners are used to connect the corners.

The next step in building a hipped roof is bed installation. This is a beam that serves as a support for the racks and is located on the base. Next, racks are mounted on the bed (beam 10x10 or 10x15 cm) with a rafter spacing (no more than 2 meters), a ridge beam (10x20 cm) is installed, temporarily based on special racks.

Important! It is necessary to pay special attention to the angle of mounting racks.

When constructing a hipped roof, it must be taken into account that it consists of 4 planes. Trapezoidal slopes require lateral rafters, for triangular - diagonal (oblique). This is a solid beam 10x15 cm or 10x20 cm, which is mounted in increments of 50-150 cm. If necessary, docking is mounted on lining, fixed in several places.

Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof. A photo

At the points where the rafters rest on the base, you need to make cuts and fix the structure with metal elements. From above, the rafters abut against the ridge beam, connected to the uprights with the help of grooves. To strengthen the structure, it is recommended to use diagonal supports, struts, steel connecting elements.

Roof installation

The final stage of building a hipped roof with your own hands is the installation of a waterproofing layer, a counter-lattice, a crate (or a solid flooring). Fitted on the rafters waterproofing material. Its purpose is to prevent the destruction of the truss system due to the ingress of moisture from the attic under the roofing material. The film is overlapped and fastened with adhesive tape for tightness.

The next step is the device counter-lattices. This is a bar or board treated with an antiseptic. It is attached to the rafters, allows you to fix the waterproofing material, creates an air cushion between the roofing material and the insulation.

For the crate, dry boards 4-5 cm wide are used, which are attached to the counter-crate at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. If it is not planned to equip residential premises in the attic space, then roofing material is mounted further.

On device warm attic on the rafters from the inside, with the help of staplers, a vapor barrier material (film, foil, glassine) is mounted, preventing moisture from entering the insulation from a warm room. A heat-insulating material with a thickness of 15-20 cm is laid on the vapor barrier.

Benefits of a pitched roof

The construction of a hipped roof allows you to:

convert the attic space into a residential attic, that is, increase the useful area of the house;
increase the level of resistance to external influences in the form of wind and rain, thereby increasing the strength of the roof and extending its life;
make your home look more attractive.

Despite the fact that the planning and installation process requires a lot of time and material costs, do-it-yourself hip roof construction is possible with basic carpenter skills. The household should have: a gasoline, circular saw or a hand saw, a drill, chisels, hammers, a level, a cord, a tape measure. Before starting work, it is advisable to carefully watch the video that is suitable for the content.

A four-pitched roof (hip) is one of the most popular roof structures in the field of private housing construction. The roof of the four-pitched type, in contrast to the gable roof structures, has additional triangular slopes. How to make your own hipped roof? To do this, you first need to study its design features, construction technology. After creating a roof project: calculate the required amount of building material, create drawings with the exact placement of all structural elements, and indicate other points.

In this article

Types of hipped roof structures

A hip roof is a classic version of a four-pitched roof with two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes.
Half-hip roof structure - a hip roof, in which the slopes of a triangular shape are shortened. This option is used in the presence of an attic.
Hipped roof - the roof structure resembles a pyramid, all four slopes are triangular in shape. It is used to cover buildings of a square design, you can make a hipped roof for a gazebo.

Advantages of using a four-pitched (hip) roof

The construction of a four-pitched roof consists of a rectangular base, four inclined planes, slopes, two of which are trapezoidal in shape, and two are triangular, located in the area where the gables are located on the gable roof structure. Attic, dormers, bay windows, cuckoos are installed on the slopes. This gives the roof a special look.

The main advantages of using a hipped roof structure

Due to the absence of gables, such a roof is more stable than a gable roof against strong wind loads, therefore it is recommended for construction in regions where strong gusty winds prevail.
A greater number of slopes helps more effectively in terms of the removal of melt, rainwater and snow. On such structures, snow is practically not retained.
Under this design, you can equip a fairly spacious attic room.
Another important plus of a hipped roof is the affordable cost of construction due to the use of wood building material for arranging the truss system, on which you can lay roofing at any price.

Creation of a hip roof project

How to build a hipped roof with your own hands? To do this, you must first prepare a design project with drawings and detailed details of its installation. To correctly determine the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, you need to carefully study the recommendations of the roofing manufacturer, climatic conditions. For example, for slate, the recommended slope angle can be from 15 to 60 degrees, for a rolled soft roof - up to 18 degrees, for tiles - 30-60 degrees.

Important! Of great importance is the amount of precipitation in winter. With intense snowfall, it is better to make the slopes steeper so that the snow calmly rolls off the roof.

Having selected the optimal pitched angle of the roof for your region, it is necessary to calculate the height of the ridge and its other parameters. When calculating the rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the length of the rafters, the cross section of the wooden beam, the size of the run, the installation step.

When creating a hipped roof project, the following loads must also be taken into account:

the mass of the roofing material used, the coating as a whole;
weight of waterproofing, insulating coating;
the amount of annual precipitation;
wind, snow load;
arrangement of additional elements on the roof: skylights, lanterns, antennas, etc.

Important! Having calculated all possible loads on the roof structure, it is necessary to add some margin of safety, which will guarantee the stability of the roof in unforeseen circumstances.

Also, all purchased lumber for the construction of the truss system must first be treated with an antiseptic.

truss system

The design of a hipped roof involves the choice of a certain section of the components of the truss system. The cross section is selected depending on the calculation of the expected loads on the rafter system during the operational period. In this case, wind, snow loads, the used angle of inclination of roof slopes are necessarily taken into account.

It is imperative to provide for a margin of safety for the rafters, calculate the step, taking into account their bearing capacity. The design of the rafter system is selected in relation to the parameters of the building: it is recommended to use inclined rafters, if there are columnar supports, an internal load-bearing wall. If there is no possibility of forming such a supporting structure, then it is necessary to equip a hanging type truss system. For some types of buildings, both options for truss systems are used.

When creating a project, it is necessary not only to choose the right rafter system, but also to determine the need for additional fastening elements, for example, puffs, braces, which give the structure greater rigidity, prevent it from loosening after long-term operation, and also reduce the percentage of load on the rafters themselves .

Load calculation

Considering in detail how to make a hipped roof on your own, it is recommended to pay special attention to the calculations of possible loads on the roof structure.

Types of possible loads on the roof:

loads that constantly affect the roof - this is the mass of the lathing, protective materials (waterproofing, insulation), roofing material;
temporary (non-permanent) loads - the mass of snow accumulated on the roof in winter, wind loads, other environmental impacts;
additional loads are additional elements fixed on the rafters, for example, a water tank, ventilation system chambers, etc. (additional elements should also be taken into account in the process of creating a project, calculating the truss system).

When designing a rafter system, two calculations are made, one of which is aimed at analyzing the strength (you need to make sure that the system is able to withstand the expected loads). Another calculation is aimed at analyzing the possible deformation of all elements of the roof.

After making all the provided calculations, drawings of the truss system of the hipped (mansard) roof are made. A detailed diagram should contain the dimensions of each component, as well as the method of their fastening.

Today, it is possible to significantly simplify the calculations for the truss system of a four-pitched roof structure using a computer program, which will also help prevent accidental errors.

The final stage in the arrangement of a hipped (mansard) roof is its insulation. For this, it is recommended to use expanded polystyrene or basalt wool. Insulating material is placed between the rafters. It is also necessary to put a layer of waterproofing to protect the roof from moisture.

Eventually

A four-pitched roof is a rather complicated structure for do-it-yourself construction. Therefore, before you start covering your house with roofing material on your own, you should thoroughly study the technology of erecting such a structure, consult with experts in this field. From how correctly and efficiently all stages of the construction of the roof will be carried out, the duration of its service life will depend in the future.

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The hipped (four-pitched) roof gives the house an exquisite look. The special design of the roof allows you to additionally protect the building itself, its walls from moisture. Therefore, the construction of a roof with four slopes is optimal for regions with high rainfall and strong winds.

Stages of building a hipped roof

The first stage in the construction of the roof is to determine the purpose of the roof (covers the attic floor, attic, etc.), the choice of roofing material (depending on this, a list of materials for construction will be determined), taking into account the atmospheric conditions of the place where the roof will be used (wind, rain , snow).

The choice of a hip roof will give the building greater resistance to rain and make it more durable (the rafter system is more reliable). The main difference between this type of roof and a gable roof is that instead of side gables, there are two triangular roof slopes in it.

When choosing the angle of inclination of the slopes, the level of precipitation and wind characteristics of the area should be taken into account. With small and medium average annual precipitation, it is recommended to choose an angle in the range of 4-40 degrees. With heavy snowfalls and prolonged rains, the recommended optimal angle of inclination of the slopes is in the range of 40-60 degrees.

Roofing material can be: rolled roofing, shingles or metal tiles.

Depending on all of the above nuances, the thickness and other parameters of the wooden component of the hipped roof will be selected.

The end result of the first stage is the creation of a scheme for the future roof, on the basis of which construction will be carried out.

Let's describe the further technology of how to make a hipped roof with your own hands.

The second stage is to build the foundation for the roof. The base is used to evenly distribute the load from the roof to the load-bearing walls. The construction of a hipped roof involves a base that can be built on your own - a wooden Mauerlat and a bed. Under the base to extend the life of the roof, waterproofing is necessary. A power plate is placed on the hydrobarrier along the outer contour of the building (the size of this beam varies, either 100x150 mm, or 50x150 mm.).

Beds - a beam located in the plane of the base of the truss system at the same distance from the two side Mauerlats. It serves as a supporting element for struts and racks, so it is laid on load-bearing partitions (see drawings of a hipped roof). Large roof structures may include several beds.

The third stage is the direct installation of the roof frame (bases, rafters, crate).

Structurally, the construction of the roof in the house with or without existing floors is different (in this case, there is no need to lay the floor beams on which the supports will be installed).

The installation of racks (vertical supports of the roof frame) should be approached with particular care. It is necessary to accurately maintain the installation angle (90 degrees). At the slightest deviation, further deformation of the roof is possible. Rack mounting step - up to two meters.

The device of the hipped roof of the house consists of four planes (slopes). Two trapezoidal and two triangular. Trapezoidal slopes will be formed by side rafters, hip (triangular slopes) - by diagonal (diagonal) rafters.

The emphasis of the rafters at the top of the frame is carried out in a ridge beam (run). This timber goes over vertical racks (groove connection with racks is possible). The distance between the rafters is from 50 to 150 cm (according to the roof plan). The recommended width of the rafter board is 150 mm.

The frame is fastened with the help of corners and steel plates with self-tapping screws (nails). To strengthen the resulting structure, diagonal supports, struts, wind beams are used. They allow you to increase the load capacity of the system.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. Then a counter-lattice is made (bars that are attached to the rafters on top of the waterproofing). It is needed to create a ventilation duct between the roofing material, the crate and the waterproofing. This will quickly and effectively remove moisture. Next, the lathing is performed - horizontal boards are attached from the bottom to the very top to the counter-lattice (see the diagram of the four-pitched roof).