How to make a chimney for a wood stove. Do-it-yourself chimney from a steel pipe. Varieties of steel structures

All efforts to arrange your country house can literally fly into a pipe if this very pipe is poorly designed and made. Reverse draft will provoke smoke and waste. Or the elements of the roof will become hot, which will entail a fire. The efficiency of your stove or boiler depends on the chimney. Therefore, you need to have a good understanding of the device steel chimney and competently approach its manufacture with your own hands.

What is a chimney and how does it work

The chimney is one of the main components of your heating device, whether it is an old brick oven or an ultra-modern gas boiler. Your safety and budget depend on the free passage of flue gases through the chimney: with a well-calculated and built chimney, the stove consumes much less fuel. Previously, chimneys were built by professional stove-makers. Today's technology makes it easy to do it yourself. Of course, at the same time, you need to study the issue and carefully observe the drawing and the manufacturing procedure.

What materials are made from

Chimneys are brick and from pipes; the latter are divided into chimneys made of stainless steel, iron sheet, asbestos-cement, fireclay, glass. Consider their device, advantages and disadvantages, the ability to maintain even traction without jumps.

brick

The most traditional of all. Advantages: durability; powerful thermal inertia: they immediately give good traction, and, when warmed up, they adjust to the operation of the furnace; will never give reverse thrust or its pulsations. Disadvantages: unsuitable for boilers, can cause burner flame failure and accident; a rectangular cross section gives an uneven flow of gases, combustion products settle more strongly; difficult to build and repair; require a foundation due to its heavy weight.

Brick ancient pipe with sleeve

Pipes

This is a much more practical and applicable type of chimney in all cases. Depending on the material of the pipe are different.

Asbestos-cement pipes

Advantages: round; lungs; cheap; easily mounted. Disadvantages: low heat resistance (used for furnaces with low, up to 300 0 flue gas temperature); it is difficult to make a curved structure (rubber couplings - bad decision); porous structure; rapid soot contamination and, as a result, the possibility of its ignition.

Asbestos cement pipes in a stack

Ceramic

They consist of several parts: a refractory ceramic chimney, thermal insulation and a concrete body. Advantages: durable; round and smooth inside, so they do not need to be cleaned; have thermal insulation and tightness, fire resistance and heat resistance; easy to mount; suitable for any boilers, stoves, fireplaces. Disadvantage: Expensive, difficult to repair and difficult to assemble into a curved structure.

Complete ceramic pipes

glass

Advantages: even more chemically neutral and even smoother than ceramic; durable. Disadvantages: expensive (100 times more expensive than steel); the rest are the same.

Fragment and chimney made of Schott glass - Rohrglas

Polymer

Used for sleeve only. Advantages: easy to mount, light, flexible, cheap, durable. Disadvantages: fragile and can not stand high temperatures.

Polymer chimneys for fireplaces FuranFlex RVW

Sleeve - an insert inside an old, usually brick, chimney liner in the form of a polymer, flexible metal corrugated or metal pipe for the restoration of the chimney.

Gilzovanie polymer pipes FuranFlex RVW brick chimney

Steel

Steel chimneys are optimal in terms of price, quality, ease of installation.

Varieties of steel structures

There are two main types of chimneys according to their orientation relative to the heater: straight (attached) and side (attached).

Straight chimneys

They are placed above the heater, indoors and pass through the internal ceilings and through the roof. Most often this is the best solution just for ovens. Advantages:

• Acid condensate does not fall out, or falls out slightly, but the ease of passage of gases through a direct chimney is important.
• Soot is deposited less, it is easy to clean on your own, respectively - less fire hazard.
• Works well without a gate draft regulator.
• Only a pipe on the roof is visible on the house, it is aesthetically pleasing.

Flaws:

• Passage through floors and roofs is more difficult than through a wall.
• Large uneven draft, pulsating and even reverse thrust with gusts of wind. Therefore, for modern boilers with an emergency shutdown device, such a chimney is not suitable, even if it is equipped with a complex deflector.

Direct chimney passes through ceilings and roofs

Side tie-down

The axis of such a structure does not coincide with the axis of the heater. Advantages:

• Installation outside the house with a single passage through the wall.
• Ease of construction.
• The presence of a container for collecting acid condensate, which completely excludes its flow into the heater.
• Even with the simplest fungus, it works stably in strong winds, and if a deflector is mounted on it, then the thrust will always be direct and stable.
• It makes it possible to accurately adjust the thrust due to low thermal inertia. This will always ensure optimal fuel consumption.

Flaws:

• Condensation in frost can turn into ice and break the container. The container may freeze up to the tee, which will block the draft. Hence the need to place a condensate tank inside the house.
• The place through which the chimney goes out is designed as a passage unit. But in winter, the knot absorbs moisture from the air, and the insulation can cake and settle. Then thermal stress will accumulate in the upper part of the node, which can cause a serious crack in the wall.
• The severity of the chimney, unlike the attached one, lies on passing node; this can also affect the insulation and cause the above phenomena.
• Sufficient cleaning difficulty is caused by the bends of the chimney. Requires a specialist.

Side, or attached, chimney, passes through outer wall at home

Lateral internal

However, side chimneys can be located both inside the house and in the thickness of the wall, then contact with the roof cannot be avoided.

Difference in chimneys - outside and in the wall

No type of chimney can be unequivocally called the best. Each of them is good in its place and depends on the conditions: the type of heater, the construction of the roof and floor beams, the material of the walls and the type of chimney (single-walled or sandwich). The fact that in this case it is not necessary to pass through the roof speaks in favor of the attached side chimney. But it is completely excluded in the case of single-wall pipes due to the cold in winter.

Types of materials

Steel chimneys are made of black steel, low alloy steel and galvanized iron

black steel

This is a simple, no additives for alloying, carbon steel. Advantages:

• The cheapest
• Little soot and easy to clean
• By assembly qualities- exactly like steel
• Does not require a foundation for installation.

Flaws:

• High thermal conductivity leads to the fact that the gases cool rapidly and a lot of condensate forms, which must be removed
• Pipes get very hot, therefore they require special structures in places where they pass through walls and roofs.
• It is impossible to make an external chimney due to lack of thermal insulation
• In terms of durability, it is much inferior to a steel pipe (service life is only about five years), as it is subject to severe corrosion
• Differs in low heat resistance - at high-temperature flue gases quickly burns out.

Black steel chimney parts

Attention! To increase the life of a black steel chimney, you need to make a minimum number of joints and use thick-walled pipes.

low alloy steel

It belongs to ferrous metals, but it contains nickel, chromium and molybdenum additives in an amount equal to that of stainless steel. Advantages and applications: the same as for black steel pipes, but low-alloy steel corrodes more slowly.

Galvanized iron

This is the worst of the three previous options. The zinc layer burns out very quickly, and thin unprotected iron begins to corrode and break down.

Galvanized iron pipe is the worst of all options

Stainless steel

Stainless steel is heat-resistant and resistant to acids - products of combustion. Such chimneys are durable and strong; resistant to temperature changes, corrosion, condensate; inexpensive, easy to assemble due to its modularity, allowing you to build a system of any complexity; easily repaired; smooth inside, so the soot does not settle, and the chimney requires almost no cleaning; have a low heat capacity, so melting any furnace is easy: a steady draft immediately arises. They also come in several types, depending on the alloying of the steel that went to the pipe and the design.

Corrugated steel pipes

These flexible metal tubes are made from steel strip and are only used for sleeving. Their service life is limited due to uneven surface, on which combustion products settle more strongly: soot, acids.

Corrugated metal pipes - used only for lining brick pipes

Single wall stainless steel pipes

Their wall thickness is usually from 0.6 to 1 mm. Advantages - like all non-corrugated metal pipes but these are much more durable than the others. The disadvantages are the same as those of non-corrugated metal pipes.

Details of a single-circuit steel chimney

The disadvantages of single-wall pipes are eliminated by a simple structural improvement: the manufacture of insulated steel pipe, or sandwich chimney. Their advantages:

• Thermal inertia is greater than that of single-wall pipes - flue gases pass quickly, but cool slowly, so little soot and aggressive condensate are formed
• When passing floors and roofs, there is no need for too complex thermal insulation units, since such chimneys heat up less
• Outdoor installation, without penetration through the roof, possible
• Installation is generally pretty easy.

Flaws:

• Sandwich pipes are noticeably more expensive than single pipes.
• Completely unsuitable for brick ovens. A stove with such a chimney will give reverse draft during gusts of wind.

But since people are now concerned with the economy of their heating appliances and traditional stoves are rare, sandwich chimneys are widely used.

Stainless Steel Sandwich Pipe

The design of a two-layer chimney and its distinctive features

This is a construction of two steel pipes inserted into each other, different in diameter. The outer one is called the casing. A pyro-resistant insulation is laid between the pipes, usually it is basalt wool (it is laid so that the fibers are oriented along the pipe) 30–35 millimeters thick, capable of withstanding heat of a thousand degrees. Mineral wool is completely unsuitable.

Details of a sandwich chimney

Making a sandwich chimney with your own hands

Comprehensive instructions on all details of the construction of chimneys can be found in SNiP 41-01-2003. Here are the main ones:

• One chimney - for one heater.
• Inside the pipe must be free of burrs and irregularities that provoke turbulence in the gas flow.
• Contact of the pipe with engineering communications is unacceptable. Approach is allowed up to one hundred and twenty centimeters, if there are no combustible materials between the pipe and communications.
• With building structures, the pipe can approach a maximum of 38 centimeters, and its passage through them must be framed as a fire-fighting assembly by 38 centimeters from all sides.
• No sagging of pipe sections.
• Each bend must be performed with the help of several knees so that it is smooth.
• The pipe is rigidly fixed along the wall, the step of strengthening the brackets is no more than 1.2 meters.
• There must be cleaning hatches, at least one.
• The top of the pipe is equipped with a deflector.
• The chimney must rise at least 60 centimeters above a flat pyro-resistant roof and 20 centimeters above all others.

We see that the best option for most of our heaters is a double-layered pipe. Such a chimney can be completely installed with your own hands. You can even make it yourself for this. This requires some preparation and calculations.

The choice of pipe material and the calculation of the main parameters

Calculation of the section and height of the chimney

This is done quite accurately on a schedule called a nomogram. Square and rectangular icons on the chart mean a rectangular or square channel; in this case, the cross section value is multiplied by a factor. But this does not concern us. But in the case of a round channel, the nomogram overestimates the required value, since the installation of the gate is taken into account. We look and fix the dependence of the power of the boiler (furnace), the diameter and height of the chimney.

The nomogram shows the diameter and height of the chimney

There are some rules:

• The height is the vertical from the stove to the top of the chimney, any horizontals and diagonals are not taken into account.
• It is better to avoid narrow high pipes, they often give a pulsation of thrust.
• For low-power devices up to 10 kW, it is better to choose a narrow and low pipe, safe in the sense of the wind, since the gas pressure is weak and will not prevent back blowing.

Selecting the desired design

You must also have basic skills in welding and tinsmithing and present a blueprint. For example, we chose the left chimney in the figure and, knowing the power of the boiler or furnace, calculated its required length according to the nomogram. For example, it is equal to 12 meters.

Detailed design of two chimneys - attached and attached

Sample Finished Parts Required

We must remember that we can make sandwich pipes, a deflector, clamps ourselves. But most of the related parts - such as elbows, tees, brackets - will be easier to buy. It will be easier to buy a deflector.

Chimneys are assembled from a mass of parts

Table: materials needed for construction

What is a deflector?

Ordinary pipe fungus does not extinguish the sparks, and in strong winds it does not help against the occurrence of back draft, therefore it is unsuitable for modern boilers. A deflector is ideal for all occasions, and the best of the deflectors is the TsAGI deflector, developed by scientists at the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. It can handle winds up to 200 kilometers per hour. It must be fixed with screws so that it does not fly off.

TsAGI deflector assembly

What steel is needed for pipes

Ideally, the inner and outer pipes should be of different steel grades. The internal should have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and much greater chemical resistance and heat resistance. Mechanical strength is not so significant. The outer must be mechanically stronger and as resistant to corrosion as the inner - but for a different reason. If the inner pipe must resist heat and aggressive acids, then the outer one must resist rust. And its thermal conductivity should be maximum so that the pipe does not fatally heat up at the points of passage through the ceilings and roof.

Sheet steel grades for chimneys are indicated by an alphanumeric index, in which the first digit indicates which of the sandwich pipes the steel is intended for: 3 - for a single-wall or inner pipe; 4 - for external.

Table: types of steel and their purpose

Determining the thickness of the steel sheet

The thickness of the steel sheet for the outer pipe should be from 0.6 mm (steel 409) and from 0.8 mm (steel 430); for the inner pipe, the thickness of the corresponding steel (for the inner pipes) depends on the device. For a gas boiler - from 0.6 mm, for liquid fuel appliances - from 0.8 mm, for solid fuel appliances - from 1 mm.

Important! The quality of the steel for the inner tube does not influence the determination of the sheet thickness! The required sheet thickness depends only on the characteristics of the device to which the chimney is being built.

Determination of the steel sheet area and the amount of insulation

The sandwich pipes we need with an inner diameter of 200 millimeters and an outer diameter of 250 millimeters will need to be made in the following quantities: 330 millimeters long - 2 pieces, 500 millimeters long - 2 pieces, 1000 millimeters long - 10 pieces. We will make the simplest calculation of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthese pipes based on the diameter. For example, for the inner pipe: 3.14 x 200 = 628; plus a small margin for connecting the sheet to the pipe, let it be 650; multiply by the length of all pipes according to the calculation - 650 x (330 + 330 + 500 + 500 + 1000 x 10) \u003d 7.579 m 2.

Sectional sandwich pipe with clamp and insulation

The area of ​​a typical steel sheet is 1.250 x 2.500 mm. Respectively. we need to purchase 4 sheets of 430 steel for the casing ( average price- 780 rubles per sheet) and 3 sheets of steel 316 (average price - 8800 rubles per sheet) for the inner pipe. Ideally, you can buy a couple of sheets of ordinary structural steel for partitions during insulation.

Insulation corresponding to an inner pipe diameter of 200 millimeters will be 25 millimeters thick. We will need a package of Rokwool Floor Butts 1000x600x25 mm basalt wool (8 pieces per pack) with an approximate cost of about 800 rubles.

Basalt woolRokwoolFloor Butts

In addition, we will need heat-resistant and roofing sealants and fiberglass mesh or fiberglass.

Heat-resistant sealants withstand temperatures up to 1500 degrees

Table: Required materials

Required Tools

1. Welding machine (if you have skills)
2. Metal shears
3. Shoe knife
4. Hammers
5. Kiyanka
6. Pliers

Pipe manufacturing

All mentioned steels are well exposed manual processing. But it is impossible to connect a sheet into a pipe with an ordinary fold, as in the manufacture of pipes from galvanized iron.

Incorrect seams of pipes for the chimney

Such a seam is not at all airtight, and acids from flue gases seep into the insulation through it (through inner tube) and moisture from the atmosphere (through the casing). Therefore, it is better to weld the seams (argon-arc welding or electric welding) - if you know how to do it. If not, then all seams must be carefully lubricated with a heat-resistant sealant.

Properly assembled sandwich - pay attention to seam seams

Warming is done in stages according to the figure. Basalt wool is wrapped and separated by partitions. Then everything is wrapped with fiberglass and tied with soft wire to make it easier to put on the outer tube.

Sandwich pipe insulation

Chimney assembly

1. We do not need a foundation, all support brackets will be attached to the wall.
2. We connect the boiler and the pipe using an adapter.
3. The gate is already installed in the first factory pipe section. The condensate collector is connected. In our project, we nevertheless decided to make it inside - so that the condensate does not freeze. We put a tee with an inspection hatch for cleaning soot (“pocket”) and a condensate collector. We provide Free access to the pocket.

   The first steps in assembling the chimney

4. We prepare a hole in the wall with a diameter of at least half a meter: we mount a system of stops, install a branch pipe, lay a non-combustible insulation into it, cover it with the same insulation.

   Chimney passage through the wall

5. We pass our sandwich through the pipe. We close the hole on both sides with non-combustible sheets of asbestos. There are ready-made nodes different sizes, and it might be easier to use a ready-made one.

   Connecting the chimney pipe manually

6. As the pipe is assembled, its connections are fixed with clamps and coated with sealant, and section by section are fixed on the wall with brackets in increments of no more than 1.2 meters using anchor bolts. Deviations from the vertical should be no more than 3 millimeters per running meter chimney. The distance to the wall is at least 15 centimeters.

   Sandwich chimneys on a brick wall

   It is necessary to clean such a chimney about once every three months, but it is better not to use the mechanical method at all. In severe cases, you need to call specialists. And your destiny is chemical cleaning. This is a substance in the form of a briquette or powder, which, when burned in the furnace of a boiler or furnace, emits chemical substances, dissolving soot and other deposits in the chimney.

   Powder "Chimney sweep" for cleaning chimneys

   Video: how to fix the chimney to the wall of the house

   The big list of what you have already done for your beloved home now includes a chimney sandwich.

The chimney is a necessary part heating system private house. It ensures the correct functioning of the furnace or boiler, organizes the removal harmful products burning outside the dwelling.

We will try to figure out how to equip the chimney with our own hands so that the heating communications are safe for both people and the house.

The requirements set forth in the regulatory documentation are imposed on the installation of heating devices.

The installation of devices is regulated by the provisions SNiP 2.04.05–91 and DBN V.2.5-20-2001. Also, before drawing up a project, it is advisable to study materials on heating systems ( SNiP 41-01-2003), about heat generation devices ( NPB 252–98), about technical conditions for the operation of thermal devices ( GOST 9817–95), on the rules and regulations of operation smoke channels(VDPO).

The design of the chimney and installation features must fully comply with the requirements specified in the SNiP, otherwise you will not receive a certificate of inspection of the structure, which is issued after commissioning

Part of the requirements is addressed specifically to the device of chimneys. The design of the structure can be anything, but the material of manufacture must be non-combustible.

The materials used for the construction of chimneys can be:

• steel;
• ceramics;
• brick.

Without exception, all structures are prefabricated, and the installation itself is fragmentary, since the chimney passes through several rooms (for example, a room and an attic).

In order for the structure to meet the requirements of fire safety, it is necessary to correctly calculate its parameters, as well as select all the component parts by size. When installing factory equipment, it is necessary to follow all the recommendations set out in the instructions, including the assembly procedure and methods for mounting parts.

Image gallery

Transitions through floors and roofs require the use of fire retardant thermal insulation materials, for example, mineral wool, and protective block devices, which can be called "sandwich within a sandwich"

The construction of a chimney for a gas boiler, stove or fireplace is a responsible task that requires special permission, design and professional skills. If you are not confident in your abilities, entrust the installation of the pipe to specialists who will perform the work in accordance with all norms and requirements.

If you have already had to build a chimney yourself or you are an expert in this matter, please share your experience and knowledge with our readers. Tell us about the nuances of building a chimney in the block below.

Although manufacturers today offer private housing owners a wide variety of heating boilers, however, many of them prefer to install stoves or fireplaces in the house, because thanks to them, space heating requires minimum costs. Any heating equipment needs reliable removal of combustion products. That is why during its construction it is necessary to pay special attention to both aesthetic characteristics and operational characteristics.

The required level of traction that provides the most comfortable and safe conditions to stay in a particular room creates a chimney for the stove. It is an air channel through which the products of combustion come out. It can be an ordinary brick pipe or modular metal types, it is only important that it functions properly.

Basic structures

Outlet channels through which the utilization of air saturated with combustion products passes are necessary not only for stoves, but also for fireplaces or heating boilers or gas water heaters.

We list the main types of chimneys for furnaces.

• Direct current. This is one of the first systems through which combustion products were removed. They have a significant drawback - due to the non-stop removal of gases to the outside, the main part of the generated heat is also carried away.
• Direct current structures equipped with cross jumpers. These small additions allow some of the heat to be retained. When heated, the jumpers transfer heat to the walls of the heating unit. The same design is typical for a stove without a chimney in baths: the stones in them are heated by hot combustion products.

• With labyrinth. There are many varieties of such structures, but they all share common features. In particular, this applies to the rate of removal of gases. It is quite low, since the exhaust gases are passed through a tortuous channel. In the process, the device itself warms up in parallel and ensures maximum heat transfer.

• Became a classic, Russian stove. The scheme of the chimney is bell-shaped. The incandescent gas rises, cools a little on the sloping roof of the hearth, and descends to the channel. The disadvantage of such a system is that it warms up unevenly. For example, in the lower part of the hearth, it does not warm up at all, since the heat mainly goes to the roof.
• Modular. Unlike the classic brick version of smoke extraction, they are made of metal. They are used in gas heating systems. The fact is that the products of methane combustion are acidic compounds that destroy bricks with their aggressive effect.

Device Features

The efficiency of brick, metal, flexible chimneys for stoves and others depends on several factors, for example, material and dimensions, section, height.

• It is preferable that the chimney pipes, say, for a bath, be a regular circle in cross section, that is, they have a cylindrical shape. Outgoing smoke with this configuration, in contrast to the angular one, does not encounter obstacles in its path and is discharged with the least resistance. In addition, a minimum of soot accumulates on the walls of the outlet pipe.
• The outlet of the heating device must match in cross section with the chimney. If the width of the latter in the connection area turns out to be greater, which occurs quite often, then a special reducing adapter is installed, which must be carefully sealed at the junction. The extensions of the pipes during docking should be directed upwards in order to prevent condensate and resins from flowing along their outer wall.

• The horizontal part of the channel design requires special attention. Warm smoke, as you know, moves vertically upwards, so moisture condenses especially actively in these areas and a thick layer of soot is deposited. In order to compensate for such undesirable consequences and improve traction, it is necessary, firstly, to strictly limit the length of these segments: they must be less than 1 m in length, and, secondly, to provide condensate collectors and inspection doors there.

The right chimney for sauna stoves- exclusively vertical. Nevertheless, it is allowed to lay the pipe at a slight slope, provided that the length of the inclined section is not more than 2 m.

Main stages of calculation

The calculation of the chimney is carried out taking into account such parameters as the power of the connected heating device, shape and others. The optimal height and diameter of the section are calculated based on the SNiP of the furnace and chimneys.

Height above roof

To determine the height of the discharge channel of industrial boilers, a special formula is used that describes its relationship with static draft, average temperature (K) in the pipe and medium size outside air temperature in summer. If necessary, the value obtained from the calculation results is adjusted upwards, taking into account the following rule:

When calculating the height, the height of neighboring buildings is also taken into account: in the case of higher ones, the channel is taken out above their roofs.

Pipe area

In practice, they usually do without special calculations, based, depending on the power of the unit, on the following cross-sectional values:

• less than 3500 W - 14 × 14 cm;
• 3500–5200 W - 14 × 20 cm;
• 5200–7200 W - 14×27 cm.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the cylindrical channel is assumed to be the same.

If the cross section is significantly larger than the calculated value, then the thrust will deteriorate, and as a result, the system will work unstably. A smaller cross section leads to poor removal of combustion products up to the complete cessation of this process.

Material

The choice of material for the construction of the flue system is based on the type of fuel used for heating. For example, MDS ceramic pipes are best suited for gas equipment, while brick pipes can quickly collapse.

The classic version of the device for the exhaust system is considered to be a brick chimney for a metal furnace. The brick structure is assembled exactly according to the project, where the laying of each layer of the channel is specified separately. In this case, it is necessary to obtain a minimally rough surface from the inside and ensure complete tightness.

Today, stainless steel is most often used. In the design, steel pipes can be: insulated and uninsulated:

• uninsulated ones are used exclusively for internal installation of furnaces and chimneys: they are installed in a special shaft;
• when installing a pipe outside it in without fail insulated to prevent moisture condensation inside the pipe.

Safety

For safety reasons, the chimney must be properly insulated, especially if the duct passes through ceilings in the immediate vicinity of combustible materials. are based on the type of floor material and on the temperature of the pipe. It is great if the walls and ceiling near the place where the structure passes are finished with fireproof material. If this is not the case, then the heated parts are isolated from hazardous materials using metal sheets and a layer of non-combustible materials.

The part of the pipe that goes out must be securely fixed and protected from the wind. From above they are covered with deflectors to protect them from precipitation. gas boilers in this matter are an exception: a protective cap on the chimney pipe in this case- violation.

Some information from SNiP used when installing the chimney of the stove and fireplace

• Smoke exhaust ducts can also be located on outer walls in the case when they are made of non-combustible material, and the heating device is located near the internal ones. At the same time, external thermal insulation is required, which will not allow condensation of moisture inside the pipe.
• Brick channels complement the pockets needed for cleaning. They are closed with a brick (laid on the edge) or a door is installed.
• For roofs made of combustible materials, it is necessary to provide a mesh spark arrester, which is installed along the upper part of the channel. If the latter is made of brick, then between it and fuel hazardous materials it is necessary to provide a gap of 13 cm, in the case of non-insulated ceramic - 25 cm, and for insulated - 13 cm.

• Installation of stoves and fireplaces gas fuel has its own characteristics. The connection is made using flexible metal pipes included in the equipment kit. A prerequisite the presence of a vertical section in the system is considered, and the distance between the axis of the horizontal and the line of the lower level of the nozzle must be at least 50 cm. This distance can be reduced, for example, if the ceiling height is less than 270 cm
• twice if the heating unit is equipped with a draft stabilizer;
• up to 15 cm if there is no stabilizer.

• In a new building maximum length all horizontal sections is more than 3 m, in old building- up to 6 m. The pipe is installed with a slight slope in the direction heating unit. If two units work in the house, then they can be connected to a common outlet channel. They should be separated from each other at a distance of less than 75 cm.
• The discharge channel can have a maximum of three turns, the radius of curvature of which must exactly match the diameter of the pipe section.

We do not imagine homes without heating. Our concept of comfort unconditionally includes a suitable temperature regime. In a private house central heating no, and the problem of heating each owner .

We welcome our regular reader and bring to his attention an article about chimneys for stoves - an absolutely necessary component of any heating system, whether it is a stove, modern fireplace or a boiler with automatic fuel supply.

Chimney - a vertically located pipe that discharges hot flue gases of the fuel in the heating unit into the atmosphere to a height sufficient to create draft in the duct and disperse toxic combustion products away from windows and ventilation ducts.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of chimneys is based on the phenomenon of expansion of hot gases, a decrease in their density and, accordingly, the rise of lighter gases upwards.

Flue gases rise upwards, a rarefaction is formed in the furnace and colder air is sucked in - a draft phenomenon occurs.

How is the chimney

The main part of any chimney is a vertical pipe structure. Structurally different from modern prefabricated counterparts from prefabricated modules.

A traditional brick chimney includes the following elements: a neck for connecting to a furnace, a riser with valves, a slope, an otter, a neck (at the point of passage through the roof), a headband, and sometimes a metal cap.

Homemade chimneys made of metal or asbestos cement include pipes, caps, adapters for connecting to the furnace, and insulation.

Most modern views chimneys - ceramic and from. The ceramic structure consists of an external expanded clay concrete frame, an internal prefabricated ceramic pipe, a layer of insulation between them. The ceramic and sandwich structures themselves include the following blocks: straight, for collecting condensate, tees, cleaning modules, transition elements for connecting heating units. An integral part of a modern chimney is a deflector.

Types and designs

The design features of the chimney primarily depend on the material from which they are made.

According to the material of the chimneys are:

• brick;
• reinforced concrete (usually industrial);
• asbestos-cement;
• of steel;
• ceramic;
• three-layer metal - two layers of steel with mineral wool insulation between them.

By design, chimneys are:

• indigenous - the design has its own foundation;
• wall-mounted, built-in bearing walls building;
• mounted - light pipes are mounted on a vertically located outlet pipe of a boiler or fireplace (and a potbelly stove);
• often lightweight structures are simply suspended from the supporting structures of the building;
• coaxial - arranged according to the "pipe in pipe" principle. The most common example is the horizontal gas outlets of gas heating boilers. Used in devices with closed camera combustion and provide maximum safety for residents. Save fuel consumption. Recently appeared vertical structures Shidel systems that take air for combustion on the roof of the house (just below the head).

Which is better to choose

The choice of a chimney largely depends on the parameters of the installed heating unit (design, temperature, type of fuel used), the degree of readiness of the house (we are modernizing an old house with a stove and a wall pipe, the house is only “in the project” or already installed bearing structures, or there is already a finish); heated volumes.

Peculiarities various types chimneys are shown in the table:

Table 1

It is not worth using flexible steel corrugation - they burn out very quickly.

Despite the price, it is worth choosing modern ceramic chimneys or "sandwich". If necessary, they can be mounted in finished house, and outside the home, they are durable, easy to assemble, resistant to high temperatures, well insulated, have a large assortment of ready-made factory elements.

If you want to use an old wall box from a regular heating furnace- it is necessary to insert a stainless steel insert and insulate. But perhaps you should choose a sandwich - less hassle.

Do it yourself or order

You can do it yourself some elements for the installation of single-layer pipes or lay out brick structure(if you have the skills of a qualified mason).

But the installation of prefabricated structures - this will help save a considerable amount of family budget. You will have to pay a lot for the services of a qualified team - the amount is comparable to the cost of materials. There is a risk of running into unskilled workers.

When deciding whether to do the work yourself, you need to carefully analyze your capabilities:

• how accessible is the roof;
• Do you have friends or relatives who can help?
• do you have a fear of heights;
• What are your qualifications in performing repair work.

Building regulations

The arrangement of chimneys is determined by the provisions of SNiP 41-01-2003.

The design of the chimney must meet the following regulatory requirements:

• the minimum height must be at least 5,000 mm or grate;
• when located on a roof slope at a distance of less than 1.5 m to the ridge - the pipe must be 500 mm higher than the ridge;
• when located on a roof slope at a distance of 1.5-3 m to the ridge - the pipe must not be lower than the ridge;
• when located on a roof slope at a distance of more than 3 m to the ridge, the angle between the horizontal and the line passing through the ridge and the top of the pipe should be no more than 10 °;
• head should rise above flat roof to a height of at least 1,000 mm;

• the maximum length of each horizontal and inclined sections should not exceed 1000 mm, the total length of their projections on the horizontal should not exceed 2000 mm. In the presence of oblique and horizontal sections, it is necessary to lengthen the pipe by the length of the horizontal projections. For ceramics, the presence of horizontal sections is not allowed.

Fire safety requirements for chimneys

The distance from the surface of chimneys made of ceramic, insulated steel and asbestos-cement to combustible structures of the house must be at least 250 mm; for brick chimneys and sandwich pipe structures - at least 130 mm.

Need to protect building construction from combustible materials using cement or gypsum plaster on a grid with a thickness of at least 25 mm.

If the roof covering can burn (roofing material, shingles, ondulin), or leaves and fluff can accumulate on it, a mesh spark arrester should be installed on the head.

Remember that the quality of smoke removal depends on the life and health of your loved ones.

Traction force

Factors affecting traction force:

• pipe height;
• the state of the surface of the internal channel - the regularity of cleaning from soot, the roughness of the walls;
• the presence of inclined or horizontal sections. The presence of horizontal and inclined sections is undesirable, since the lengthening of the chimney is undesirable - the gases will cool, the draft will decrease up to tipping over;
• deflector installation;
• quality of insulation;
• air supply to the furnace.

Your safety depends on the traction force, therefore it is necessary to regularly check the presence of traction and take measures to clean the channel from soot, the pipe head from ice.

Making and installing a chimney with your own hands

What materials are better to make

The easiest to install are steel structures. Single layer steel products they require insulation and the manufacture of components - in general, work for pathological workaholics, and here we will not consider their installation.

Installing a chimney from a sandwich pipe is quite simple, the presence a large number all kinds of elements and components in stores allow you to assemble a device of any configuration.

Drawing and diagrams

Before starting work, determine the dimensions and draw a diagram or drawing - this will help to correctly calculate required amount materials and properly organize the work.

Size calculation

The height of the pipe is determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003, but should not be lower than 5 m from the grate. The diameter is taken equal to the diameter of the outlet of the heater.

Installation video

Watch our video - it will help you see all the intricacies of the assembly process.

Mounting Features

Installation starts from the stove or fireplace. The first starting element is mounted on the nozzle of the boiler or furnace. This element is not insulated for technological reasons (alt-free filler is melted and sintered into stone). All elements are designed in such a way that one of its ends has a smaller diameter and is inserted one into the other, as into a socket. One of the docking options is to slightly pull out the inner pipe, insert it into another inner pipe. Press down. Then drop down on it outer pipe with a heater, press down. Fasten the connection with a crimp collar, tighten it with a bolt and nut. All joints must be sealed with sealant.

Then a tee is mounted, modules with a cleaning hatch and a condensate trap are mounted from below. There are designs for installing the lower part of the chimney on the floor.

Then mount the rest of the structure. After a meter, the sandwich is attached to the wall with special brackets. An element with a cleaning hatch must be installed on each floor and in the attic.

It is advisable to connect the elements of the chimney “through condensate” - the pipes are mounted in such a way that the upper one is inserted into the lower one and the condensate cannot seep through the joints, but flows down the walls into the trap.

An element with a gate is mounted under the ceiling.

The passage of the pipe in the ceiling is covered with a galvanized sheet and filled with insulation. The distance to the structures must be at least 130 mm.

The most difficult stage in the installation is the passage of the roof. Mark the hole in the right place on the roof. Make a hole in the roof. A roof sheet is attached from the inside, a roof cutting is installed on the roof. It is selected depending on the angle of the roof. The cutting edges lead under a sheet of roofing material.

If necessary, install extensions. Install deflector.

Common errors and installation problems

The most serious mistake is the lack of a condensate collector and elements with cleaning hatches.

In places where structures pass through floors, it is strictly forbidden to install joints individual elements– Escaping hot smoke can cause a fire.

A very significant mistake is the absence of a deflector or at least a cap over the chimney.

Snow and rain should not get inside the pipe - they increase the formation of condensate, ice can block the cross section of the pipe.

Maintenance and cleaning

Any chimney requires regular cleaning of soot. This will avoid fires, reduce traction. Cleaning should be done twice a year.

There are two cleaning methods - mechanical and chemical.

With a chemical fire, special agents are burned in the furnace. They burn at a very high temperature and accelerate the wear of the inner walls of the chimney, so it is better to use for a sandwich mechanical methods cleaning.

Icicles and frost from condensate can freeze on the head - they block the section of the box and reduce draft, which increases the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning for residents.

It is necessary to choose pipes in which the thickness of the outer metal layer is 1 mm (and not 0.5 mm). It is very easy to check - for a product with a thin wall, the wall bends if you squeeze it with your hands.

When installing sandwich structures, it is necessary to use a special sealant for high operating temperatures (automotive sealant with an operating temperature of 500 ° is not suitable).

If the pipe rises above the roof by more than one meter, it should be reinforced with stretch marks.

The convenience, comfort and safety of operation of the gas boiler depends on the correctness of the project and the correct assembly of the chimney, and wood stove baths. In today's article, we will talk about how the chimney installation scheme looks like for different types of heating devices.

General rules for the installation and installation of the chimney:

• Fire safety. It is achieved by laying insulation between the chimney and combustible floor materials, as well as thickening the walls of the chimney. It is also necessary to observe the minimum distance between the wall and the chimney pipe. An advantageous solution is to use a sandwich pipe.
• Having good traction. The first rule of draft: the longer the channel for the removal of smoke, the better traction. The optimal length is 500–600 cm.
• Tightness of the outer part of the pipe. This will ensure the correct and long operation of the chimney.
• The least resistance for the passage of smoke in the exhaust duct. The walls of the channel should be as even as possible.
• Compliance of the material for the manufacture of the chimney temperature regime and chemical composition of exhaust gases. Using different type fuel must be used different chimneys.
• Enough heat smoke when it enters the exhaust duct. If this rule is not observed, condensation will form on the walls of the chimney, which contributes to the destruction of the inner surface of the chimney. The fewer vertical partitions in the smoke exhaust system, the better. This is especially true for large ovens.

A feature of firewood, as a fuel, is the great heat from them. It follows from this that the temperature of the smoke in a wood-burning sauna stove or fireplace will be high, but uneven. Not every chimney will be able to withstand such a long exposure.

Most often for the installation of a chimney for such heating devices, like a stove for a bath or a fireplace with a wood-burning firebox, heat-resistant bricks are used (see).

Making a brick chimney

The correct scheme of the brick chimney in in general terms might look like this:

• Most often, a pipe is used for a wood-burning sauna stove. That is, it continues the exhaust hole of the stove or fireplace itself. You should know that the laying of the inner part (indoors) is best done on a clay-sand mortar.

You should know: all masonry work with outer side buildings must be made with the addition of cement and water to the solution!

Should know! In order to prevent water from stagnating on the ledge of the otter, it is necessary to make corner slopes of cement plaster on all four sides.

• After the external expansion, the main riser is made, as in attic. For beauty, a brick head is usually laid out.
• The brick chimney is completed with a cap that protects against environmental influences: wind, precipitation. The shape of the protective umbrella can be different. best option is a deflector.

A graphic diagram of a brick stove chimney for a house or a bath is shown in the figure below.

It is the double-bell smoke exhaust system that is optimal for use in large stoves and fireplaces with considerable wood-burning hearths. It provides more or less uniform heating in the room, and also has a minimum of obstacles for the movement of smoke to the exhaust duct.

Features of a double chimney for a fireplace

Another chimney option is a double chimney. Outside, it is made of brick, and inside it is a metal cylindrical part. If the pipe is made of stainless steel, then this version of the chimney is suitable for installing a gas boiler.

Combined double smoke outlets for fireplaces have a number of advantages over brick ones:

1. The channel for the movement of smoke has a smooth surface, without obstacles.
2. The fire safety of the building as a whole is increased.
3. The laying of the outer part can be done without fluffing.
4. Increases the service life of the chimney.
5. Improving the tightness of the entire chimney.

The figure below shows a chimney diagram for a fireplace or gas boiler with a combined structure.

A feature of this design is that it is usually made in the indigenous version, and not mounted. That is, the chimney itself is located directly next to the heating unit.

• When installing a combined chimney, a foundation is first made, which has a height of at least 30 cm
• The laying of a brick shaft is done in accordance with the same conditions as when installing a conventional brick chimney.
• Due to the design features of the double channel, the outer shaft is laid vertically without the obligatory thickening of the walls in the place of the ceiling.
• Below, immediately after the foundation, a niche is made with a cleaning door.
• A stainless steel metal pipe is assembled from top to bottom in such a way that each subsequent elbow is inserted inside the previous one.
• All joints of the internal part of the combined chimney are treated with a sealant with a heat resistance declared by the manufacturer of at least 1000°C.

Proper installation of chimneys for gas equipment

Features of the waste generated during the operation of a gas boiler imply certain design requirements for chimneys for this type of heating appliances (see).

We assemble a chimney for a natural draft boiler

General scheme installation of a chimney for a floor-standing gas boiler with a hole for exhausting combustion products at the back of the body is as follows:

• Since acid-containing substances appear in the smoke generated during the operation of a gas boiler, the chimney must be made of acid-resistant stainless steel. Such systems are sold in the store and the process of assembling them is not particularly complicated. The best option is a two-channel chimney of the "sandwich" type.
• The main part of the pipe is on the street. To add rigidity, it is attached in one or two places to the wall brackets.

You should know: since the discharged combustion products in gas equipment temperatures are low, condensation may form. To protect the boiler from water ingress when using a single-channel chimney, a condensate collector should be installed in the system, as well as insulating that part of the pipe that runs outside. More rational solution- use of a sandwich type chimney.

The sandwich pipe consists of three layers:

• The inner layer of a sandwich pipe experiences serious chemical and thermal loads; stainless heat-resistant steel is used for its manufacture;
• The middle layer of a sandwich pipe is a heater (basalt fiber);
• The outer contour of the sandwich pipe is galvanized or stainless steel.

The cross section of the sandwich pipe is oval, as this shape is optimal for installing a chimney for a gas boiler.

Should know! All contacts with combustible substances in walls and ceilings must be insulated with non-combustible materials.

• When exiting to the roof, the pipe has a protruding part (skirt), which performs the same function as an otter in a brick pipe.
• For better protection against the penetration of precipitation under the roof, the pipe is inserted into the hole of a kind of apron, which has the shape of a square.

Should know! Before buying a roofing chimney assembly (apron), be sure to measure the slope of the roof surface! This will allow you to guide the chimney pipe as accurately as possible through the hole in the assembly and ensure the highest tightness of this design.

• The chimney is completed by a conical or fungal cap.

We mount the hood for a wall-mounted boiler

There is a type of gas boilers with forced exhaust combustion products. Inside the exhaust chamber of such devices is a “duichik” - a fan.

The chimneys of such boilers are different minimum dimensions in length and the least complexity in installation. They consist of two channels, isolated stone wool High Quality. The inner channel serves as an exhaust, and the outer channel serves as an air intake from the street.

The chimney diagram for a boiler with a coaxial outlet is simple, installation is carried out as follows:

• The boiler is fitted with an outlet with an angle of 87 degrees.
• Next, there is a hole in the wall for the pipe. Then the boiler is removed from the anchors and is hollowed out according to the marking (sawed out) through hole including gasket non-combustible insulation in 30–100 mm along the entire circumference of the pipe.
• Now we push the pipe into the hole and insert it into the outlet, which is already attached with special screws to the boiler body.

Should know! To seal all connections, a special sealant and a wide clamp are included in the coaxial chimney kit.