How to choose pvc sewer pipes. Outdoor pvc pipe The difference between PVC pipes and other polymer pipes

When installing wastewater disposal systems, cast-iron pipes were previously widely used, less often, from other materials. But all of them have a number of certain limitations in their application, related, for example, to the ease of transportation, the specifics of installation, maintenance, and the like. PVC sewer pipes have become a good alternative and are being actively introduced in various industries, including the public sector, precisely because they do not have the disadvantages that characterize samples from other materials.

The abbreviation PVC stands for "polyvinyl chloride", although often such products are called vinyl plastic or vinyl chloride. There is no difference, since we are talking about the same material. Why is it so attractive for use in engineering wastewater disposal systems?

Characteristics of PVC pipes

All these product features are generalized, since there are several types of plastic pipes that differ in production technology, and therefore in specific properties.

disadvantages

1. Limited operating temperature range - from -10 to +65 °С, in some cases up to +90 °С (short-term exposure). But for sewerage systems this is not important.
2. Thin-walled pipes may resonate in some cases. Therefore, when laying them in the tracks, it is necessary to carry out a number of additional operations to soundproof the highways.

Classification

By strength:

• SN8 - heavy. Used when laying in tracks passing under various objects, including highways.
• SN4 - medium. Similarly, only in areas with less traffic.
• SN2 - lungs. Such pipes are used at a shallow depth of laying in the ground, and are widely used in housing and communal services and the private sector.

By application:

• For internal sewerage - gray or black.
• For outdoor (outside buildings) - yellow or orange.

By pressure:

• Pressure.
• Non-pressure (discharge by self-current).

Manufacturing technology:

• PVC (PVC).
• PVC-U (PVC-NP) - unplasticized vinyl chloride. They are more durable and resistant to aggressive substances. Most often used in pressure systems.

By engineering solution:

• Smooth-walled.
• Corrugated.

Fastening method:

• Connection "in the socket".
• Gluing.

pvc pipe cost

The range of products is quite large, but the given data on certain types of products will help you navigate the pricing (in rubles / linear meters).

• 160 mm - from 260 (for outdoor work).
• 110 mm (3.2 - wall thickness), socket - from 104 (for internal installation) and 155 (for external).
• 50 mm - from 55 (for interior installation).

1. The diameter of the outer pipes must be greater than that of the central riser.
2. Approximate cross-sections for drain connection (mm):

• shower, sink, bath and the like - 40 (if combined drain - at least 50);
• various outlets from the central highways - at least 65;
• toilet bowl, riser - 100.

Polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC) are made from a thermoplastic of the same name, which retains its shape after heat treatment. The main components of polyvinyl chloride are ethylene and stabilized chlorine, and with the help of additional additives, the properties of PVC pipes are improved.

Most often, PVC pipes are used for sewer networks, due to the ease of installation and low cost. Material for the production of PVC pipes: PVC polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its twin PVC-U polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) unplasticized. PVC-U pipes have better technical characteristics, and this allows them to be used in pressure systems, so they are used more often.

Advantages and disadvantages of PVC pipes

PVC pipes, thanks to a range of benefits, have become a leader among similar products for laying sewers:

The main disadvantage of PVC pipes is temperature limits, which are not more than +65°С and not less than -10°С.

Use of PVC pipes

On PVC pipes, it is possible to implement sewage systems of the following types:

• internal sewerage;
• external sewerage;
• pressure systems of external sewerage;
• gravity discharge of sewage.

The species names sewer systems accurately reflect the essence of the application. But it should be noted that of the types of pipes used, PVC-U is more often used, since they have better strength characteristics.

Selection and application of PVC pipes

A feature of sewer pipes when choosing is not quite the usual criterion - wall thickness. This follows from the fact that non-pressure pipes, and most of the sewer systems are non-pressure, there is no need to choose according to internal pressure. The only reasonable approach is to ensure sufficient strength pipe walls for the volume of liquid that will fill it, and possible mechanical effects from the external environment. For such reasons, when choosing sewer pipes, two parameters are taken into account:

• inner diameter, which should provide the predicted volume of effluents;
• wall thickness to ensure sufficient mechanical strength against the vicissitudes of fate.

Internal sewerage

For internal sewerage, as a rule, PVC pipes are used, which have grey Colour. Their characteristic features:

• smooth-walled;
• connection - socket;
• a range of popular sizes: diameters - 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm, lengths from 315 to 3000 mm;
• the thickness is chosen from the conditions of rigidity, but as a requirement for gravity systems, it cannot be less than 1.8 mm.

Outdoor sewerage

Pipes orange or yellow colors are intended for outdoor installation and are operated in more severe conditions, therefore, for each diameter there is a list of wall thicknesses for them. So, for example, data for a diameter of 200 mm:

• for lungs stiffness conditions (SN 2) with a depth of up to 4 m, wall thickness 3.9 mm;
• for medium rigidity conditions (SN 4) with a depth of up to 6 m, wall thickness 4.9 mm;
• for heavy rigidity conditions (SN 8) with a depth of up to 8 m, wall thickness 5.9 mm.

The same tabular data is available for other diameters. When designing sewer systems, they are taken into account.

Sewerage using pressure and non-pressure PVC pipes

In systems with forced removal of drains, i.e. with using pumps, PVC pressure pipes are used. They are characterized by increased pressure on the walls, and therefore the requirements are appropriate. Three types of pressure pipes are available 6, 10 and 12.5 kg / cm2 Additionally, you should choose the connection method:

Gravity sewer system uses the movement of wastewater under the action gravity. To select such pipes, the external load is taken into account, and during installation, the slope of the pipeline is provided. Usually, pipes with a socket are used for non-pressure sewage.

The difference between PVC pipes and other polymer pipes

The most common plastic is polyvinyl chloride - far from the only polymer that is used in the manufacture of sewer pipes. Along with it, the following plastics are used:

• PE polyethylene- the most common plastic for the manufacture of pipes for transporting water. Due to temperature limitations, it is only applicable to cold water.
• cross-linked polyethylene- resistant to UV radiation, withstands high mechanical loads, has an upper temperature threshold of + 95 °C, soldered connection, used for cold and hot water;
• polypropylene PPE- Polypropylene pipes are widely used in various industries due to good mechanical properties and chemical resistance. Especially successful is the use of polypropylene pipes in cold and hot water conduits.
• polybutylene PB- cross-linked polyethylene, not widely used due to insufficient durability. Structural defects, cracks and delamination appear after a few years. Produced in small quantities.
• polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic with excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties and is used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug transfer.

Many of the plastic pipes can compete with PVC, but in terms of the “price-quality” advantages, they have no competitors.

PVC sewer pipe prices

The prices of any product are the most interesting part after discussing the technical merits. Here you can never rely on the figures of today - they largely depend on the manufacturer. And then there's the shipping cost. But all the same, landmarks need to be identified, so let's take one of the cost options for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm. This amounts to 165 rubles per 1 linear meter.

Additionally, it should be noted that the prices for PPE pipes, the closest competitor of PVC, almost 3 times higher, albeit with a larger set of positive qualities. In such cases, they say that there is an excess of advantages, but whether it is worth paying for them is up to the consumer.

The final cost of sewerage construction, taking into account the installation of the system, can add completely unexpected somersaults to the estimate. For a rough estimate, let's take the option of calculating the construction of sewerage in the country with our own hands.

It is assumed that the cottage is in standard conditions: the terrain is insignificant, the groundwater level is low, there are no quicksands, there is a place for discharging purified water, etc.

Every owner wants everything to work in his household, nothing to break, and to be easy to maintain and install. And sewerage is no exception. It is necessary that it requires as little attention as possible - it is very inconvenient if it becomes clogged, but it is no less unpleasant to clean it. If you want to have a trouble-free sewage disposal system, pay attention to plastic sewer pipes. They are gradually replacing cast iron ones, and all because they cost less, are easier to install, have a large assortment - different diameters and lengths, almost no deposits form on their smooth walls, and even the service life is about 50 years. This whole bunch of properties determines their popularity.

Types of plastic sewer pipes

• polyethylene (PE):
  • high pressure (HPV) - for internal sewerage wiring;
  • low pressure (HDPE) - it is possible to lay outside, in trenches (they have greater strength);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP)

And a number of other thermoplastics and their combinations, but they are rare - people prefer to use already known materials.

The material of plastic sewer pipes is selected depending on the application. For example, polypropylene is more suitable for sewerage wiring inside a house or in an apartment. It has a higher operating temperature range - normally tolerates media up to 70°C, short-term - up to 95°C. In the presence of various household appliances that drain waste hot water into the sewer, this will not be superfluous. PVC pipes, which have lower prices, are more appropriate when laying outdoor sewers - here the drains are usually already mixed, so the temperatures are lower and PVC can endure them without harm (working up to + 40 ° C, short-term increase to 60 ° C).

Also, sewer pipes are smooth and corrugated. Moreover, not only bends from siphons can be corrugated. There are profiled pipes for sewerage with an internal smooth wall and an external ribbed one. They have greater strength - they better tolerate compressive loads (they have increased ring stiffness), they can be buried to a greater depth. Are issued with diameters from 110 mm to 1200 mm.

Dimensions and diameters

Sewer plastic pipes, unlike water and gas pipes, are produced in the form of segments, 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm long, etc. - up to 600 cm. The maximum length is 12 meters, but some manufacturers can make longer lengths on request. When laying long routes, this is convenient - fewer connections, fewer possible problems (leaks or blockages).

Other important characteristics of plastic pipes are the diameter and wall thickness. In the marking, they usually go side by side: there are numbers 160 * 4.2. What stands for: the outer diameter of the pipe is 160 mm, the wall thickness is 4.2 mm. It is worth remembering here that manufacturers indicate the outer diameter of plastic pipes, and for many calculations and planning, you need to know the inner diameter. It is easy to calculate it: we subtract twice the wall thickness from the outer one: 160 mm - 4.2 mm * 2 = 151.6 mm. In calculations and tables, a rounded result usually appears - in this case - 150 mm.

In general, the industry produces plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 25 mm or more. The maximum section depends on the type of pipe (smooth or corrugated) and the material from which it is made. For example, smooth sewer PVC pipes can be up to 630 mm in diameter, and profiled two-layer pipes can be up to 1200 mm. But these dimensions are useless for homeowners or apartment dwellers. In private housing construction, diameters up to 100-110 mm are mainly used, rarely up to 160 mm. Sometimes, for a large cottage with a lot of plumbing fixtures, a pipe 200-250 mm in diameter may be needed.

How to choose a diameter for connecting plumbing fixtures

According to the rules, it is necessary to make a calculation; it is completely spelled out in SNiP 2.04.01085. This is a complex matter, it requires a lot of data, so few people really think it is right. Over the years, the practice gained has made it possible to derive the average diameters of polyethylene sewer pipes for each of the plumbing fixtures. You can safely use these developments - all calculations usually come down to these dimensions.

As you can see, plastic sewer pipes with a diameter of 30-40 mm are mainly used. Only the toilet requires a much larger size - 100-110 mm. This is due to the peculiarity of functioning - it is necessary to divert a large amount of water in a short period of time. At the same time, there should be room for air in the pipe, otherwise it will break the water locks on other plumbing and “aromas” from the sewer will enter the room.

There are a few more rules to keep in mind when using the device:

Still we must not forget about the insulation or heating of the sewer outlet in a private house. The vertical section that goes from the outlet to the entrance to the trench must be well insulated. Additionally, often used. In the case of sewers, they are usually laid outside, then covered with heat-insulating material.

Here, like everything. The rules are simple, but if you follow them, everything will work for a long time and without fail.

Features of the installation of plastic sewer pipes

Plastic pipes for sewerage on one side end with a socket into which a sealing gum is inserted. The segments are connected simply: a smooth edge is inserted into the socket. Since the dimensions are strictly normalized, this is, in principle, sufficient for a hermetic connection. In practice, often the sealing ring is additionally coated with silicone plumbing sealant.

When installing sewer plastic pipes, they sometimes have to be cut. It is convenient to do it with a hand saw with a blade for metal - small teeth cut well and leave an almost even edge. You can also use a grinder or electric jigsaw. In any case, before installing the cut piece, its edge must be treated with fine-grained sandpaper - remove possible burrs, make it even. Some piece of waste may catch on the protruding pieces, as a result, a blockage may form in this place. Therefore, we carefully smooth the place of the saw.

When creating a sewer network in a house or apartment, it is often necessary to make a branch. There are fittings for this - adapters from one diameter to another, tees, angles with different degrees of rotation, etc.

The sewage disposal system necessarily consists of special sewer pipes that can be used directly for external networks. The reliability and durability of the future system will depend on them. It is important to choose the right material. At the present stage, cast-iron, polyethylene, ceramic and PVC pipes are used for sewer work. The latter option is used quite often, due to their high quality and durability.

External PVC pipes must have the following qualities:

• High strength;
• Significant wear resistance and pronounced durability;
• Resistance to aggressive chemical and physical factors;
• Ability to withstand large temperature differences (no deformation and cracking).

However, it should not be forgotten that high quality pipes will not serve perfectly if installation errors are present. Therefore, in addition to a competent and qualified choice, it is necessary to mount them qualitatively and accurately. External PVC pipes are mounted using a socket method using rubber cuffs, which provide maximum tightness. Externally, external PVC pipes differ from internal ones in color - the outer pipes are red.

PVC pipes for outdoor sewerage

Due to its basic qualities, PVC pipes for outdoor sewerage are widely used for the improvement of new lines, and to replace worn and damaged sections in old systems. They can be used for all types of wastewater (domestic, industrial and sedimentary). At the same time, their maximum temperature should not exceed 60 degrees. PVC pipes are lightweight, which allows them to be quickly and easily installed without the use of additional skills and a special set of tools.

PVC pipes for outdoor sewerage are resistant to corrosion and sedimentation on internal surfaces. Runoff water with the presence of sand or small stones will absolutely not damage the walls of the pipes, which indicates their high wear resistance. Therefore, they are often used in industrial effluents. For various loads, the types of pipes corresponding in rigidity are used, which are represented by classes SN4 and SN8. PVC pipes of class SN8 are more rigid and can withstand heavy loads, but are made only to order. All products are made of durable and shock-resistant material, which undergoes a multi-stage quality test and has the appropriate certificates.

PVC pipe for outdoor sewerage price

Before you buy a PVC pipe for outdoor sewage, decide on its purpose and size.

PVC pipe for outdoor sewerage, the price of which is always presented in our catalog, has an optimal ratio of price policy and high quality. It is well suited for a wide range of sewer works, provides ease of installation and transportation. Its reliability will significantly reduce the number of repairs.

The Tera-Plast company sells PVC pipe at manufacturer's prices wholesale and retail. Our trading and manufacturing company has been steadily developing since 2012. It is possible to order from us in any volume products for the creation of pipelines of great length. Thanks to your own fleet, you can buy PVC pipes for outdoor sewage with delivery to the site. Delivery - within 1 one day in the Moscow region.

Pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are famous for their high resistance to chemically active substances, as well as durability, which makes them indispensable in the construction and repair of external sewer systems.

The low price, low weight and ease of assembly of structures made of PVC products ensured the immense popularity of this material.

Characteristics of PVC pipes

The operational parameters of polymer pipes depend on their technical characteristics. There are fundamental properties that are unique to this material:

• High resistance to mechanical deformations. Thanks to the three-layer manufacturing method and external corrugation, plastic pipes can be used in external sewer networks at a depth of up to eight meters.
• Smoothness of the inner surface. Solid elements that are part of the wastewater can move freely inside the pipeline.
• Good resistance to internal pressure. PVC pipes withstand pressure from 6 to 15 bar. The minimum and maximum values ​​are affected by the wall thickness and the pipe design.
• The presence of temperature restrictions. At an ambient temperature above 65 degrees or below 10 degrees, deformation of polymer products can occur, which, of course, is a big disadvantage of polyvinyl chloride. Some models allow a short-term increase in temperature up to 90 degrees.
• The material has a maximum tensile strength of 45-55 MPa (megapascal).
• Almost half a century of service life.
• High elasticity, no accumulation of deposits on the inner walls of the pipeline, resistance to rust.
• The smooth inner surface avoids pressure drops.
• PVC pipes are not afraid of microorganisms that live in sewage, as well as ultraviolet rays.
• The wall thickness of plastic pipes varies from 1.3 to 36 millimeters (such thick pipes are used for industrial purposes).

Advantages of plastic pipeline

PVC pipes for external sewerage can boast many positive qualities:

1. Affordable price. The technology for the production of polyvinyl chloride is a long-established process, provided with all the necessary equipment.
2. The lightness of the material. This quality allows you to simplify the transportation, installation, maintenance, repair and dismantling of the sewer network - most of the work can be done alone without anyone's help.
3. Ease of installation work. To fasten most models of PVC pipes, you do not need to use a welding machine - the presence of sockets with rubber seals eliminates unnecessary hassle. To cut the required length of the PVC pipeline, it is enough to purchase an ordinary hacksaw.
4. Ignition resistance. Due to its low combustibility, the material can be used in buildings where flammable objects are stored.
5. No toxicity. The material does not emit harmful substances into the environment.
6. Corrosion resistance.
7. The material practically does not enter into chemical bonds with alkalis, acids and petroleum products.
8. Fine abrasive particles of various origin contained in wastewater are not dangerous for this material.

Disadvantages of plastic piping

The biggest problem is that the frost resistance of PVC products leaves much to be desired. By lowering the temperature of the environment below 15 degrees, one can observe the freezing of PVC pipes. This problem makes it necessary to pay special attention to the insulation of the drainage structure during the construction of external sewerage.

Another problem is the difficulty of connecting plastic pipes with metal counterparts. Due to cuts or scratches, the resistance of PVC pipes to physical stress is reduced, therefore, when fastening plastic to metal, it is forbidden to use threaded connections.

And finally, do not forget about the problem of recycling polymer pipes - the burning of plastic products leads to the release of chlorine into the atmosphere.

The difference between PVC pipes and PVC pipes

For the manufacture of PVC, it is necessary to carry out the polymerization of vinyl chloride. And to obtain the vinyl chloride itself, in turn, petroleum raw materials and ordinary table salt are used. To obtain polymers with different properties, certain changes are made in the manufacture of PVC products. The exclusion of plasticizers from the composition leads to a more rigid and durable type of PVC, or, in other words, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) - a safe plastic that is better than other materials for the production of drainage pipes.

• Thanks to the action of plasticizers (chemical compositions of liquid or solid form), the bases in contact with it acquire such characteristics as plasticity, softness, ductility, simplification of processing and reduction of labor costs. But even here one cannot do without negative aspects: plasticizers contain chlorine at their core, which is released into the environment in a small amount. If you do not add a plasticizer, then you can get a strong material that does not enter into chemical reactions with water.

This material was invented in the late 80s of the last century. Today, PVC-U is used to make a wide variety of products that require resistance to mechanical deformation - from American football helmets to skateboards. And this is not surprising, because this modification of the polymer is the most durable compared to other types of plastic.

• Resistance to external pressure, stretching and compression is explained by the structure of the UPVC molecules. Molecules of other plastics are connected by a direct bond, while the bonds of PVC-U molecules after the heating process and further cooling of the primary mass acquire a cruciform structure. This is the secret of the special rigidity of the material compared to conventional PVC.

Specialists carefully examined PVC-U pipes and came to the conclusion that they can consistently last up to half a century. Due to this, external pressure and non-pressure sewers are so often constructed from this material.

• PVC-U is often referred to as rigid PVC.

In appearance, PVC-U pipelines differ in wall thickness, length, color and the presence of sockets.

Classification of PVC-U pipes according to GOST

Depending on the purpose of the application, PVC-U pipes can be divided into three main groups:

• pressure - systems that divert effluents using pumping stations;
• non-pressure - in other words, gravity pipelines;
• corrugated - suitable for installation work in hard-to-reach areas.

The thicker the walls of PVC-U pipes, the greater their resistance to deformation. According to this property, PVC-U products can be classified as follows:

• light SN2 - ring stiffness up to 2 kN / m2 (the depth of the trench for laying the pipeline should not be deeper than one meter);
• medium SN4 - ring stiffness up to 4 kN / m2 (trench depth up to six meters);
• heavy SN8 - ring stiffness up to 8 kN / m2 (up to eight meters, pipelines can be laid under areas where vehicles often move).

By size, unplasticized PVC pipes are divided into:

• NPVC100 (operating pressure up to 10 MPa) and NPVC125 (operating pressure up to 12.5 MPa) are an excellent solution for a pressurized external drainage system;
• NPVC110 - pipes with a three-layer wall (thickness 3.2 mm), length 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 meters;
• PVC-U160 - three-layer walls, wall thickness 4 mm, length 1, 2, 3 and 6 meters, suitable for the construction of gravity sewers, stiffness SN2 or SN4;
• NPVC200 - three-layer pipes, wall thickness of almost 5 mm;
• PVC250 - three-wall pipes with a wall thickness of 6.2 mm, equipped with sockets and rubber sealing rings;
• PVC315 - three-layer pipes, wall thickness 7.7 mm.

According to the maximum pressure that pressure PVC-U products can withstand, they are usually divided into the following classes:

• PN6 - max. working pressure 0.6 MPa;
• PN10 - max. working pressure 1.0 MPa;
• PN16 - max. working pressure 1.6 MPa;
• PN20 - max. working pressure 2.0 MPa.

Features of PVC pipes of different colors

Almost every residential or industrial facility has a sewer system. Sooner or later, a question may arise related to the renewal and replacement of polymer pipelines, and it is no secret to anyone that the independent purchase of materials is not an easy task. And here it is important to understand that the color palette of sewer pipes depends on the area of ​​​​their application.

To date, manufacturers offer polymer pipes of different colors. The existence of color differences is explained by the desire of manufacturers to make life easier for people by unifying their products, which simplifies the process of purchasing the necessary materials.

Consider the main purposes of a particular color:

• Gray as well as white pipes are designed to service internal sewer networks. The most common color. Not suitable for external sewer networks due to their technological parameters.
• The material for the production of black pipes is polyethylene. Products of this color are known for their versatility. But they have their drawback - direct sunlight heats them up a lot.
• Drainage outlets are usually constructed from green pipes.
• And finally, red sewer pipes, characterized by increased rigidity, are used for laying an external pipeline. We will dwell on the products of this color in more detail.

In red PVC sewer pipes 110 or 160 millimeters, compared to products of other colors, resistance to temperature extremes and aggressive reagents is much higher. The same can be said about their durability. In the manufacture of these products, polymers with an improved structure are used. The wall thickness of these pipes is almost twice as large, which is why they are so reliable.

Red pipelines are able to withstand high operating pressure, which makes them indispensable in the construction or repair of an external pressure drainage system. It is very important that the red polymer is perfect for operation in the winter, where it can withstand any load, both internal and external (atmospheric and ground pressure), without problems. For example, PVC110 or PVC160 pipes can be safely laid in a trench several meters deep. But green or gray polymer pipes at such a depth crack and collapse relatively quickly. Low temperatures over time do not affect the strength of red pipes. On the contrary, they perfectly tolerate low or very high temperatures.