A flat cutter “Mower”, a water tower made of concrete rings, a fruit collector and a miracle shovel – the inventions of our forum members turn hard work into pleasure!

Working in the garden can really be easy and enjoyable if you use the right tools, and we'll show you how to make your own garden tools! Look at the inventions and tool improvements made FORUMHOUSE users, may they serve you faithfully too.

Flat cutter "Mower"

User www.site Antol13 invented and designed the “Mower” flat cutter (from the word “braid”). Previously, a forum member used a Fokin flat cutter to process potato rows, but then he decided to make his work easier: “it seems good, but it’s not that, and the quality of the metal, its thickness leaves much to be desired, and the prices are too high.”

For a new device that would penetrate more deeply into the soil, the forum member decided to use a scythe that was lying around unnecessarily and a cutting purchased in a store for 30 rubles. He spent 40 minutes making the flat cutter. The work does not require serious technical skills:

1. Use a grinder to cut off the stiffening collar so that during operation the flat cutter does not experience resistance and does not cling to the ground. The optimal length of the flat cutter blade is 17 cm.
2. Increase the angle of attack by bending it in a vice using a gas wrench. The angle of attack of the blade is 30-40 degrees.
3. For better fixation in your hands on the handle of the flat cutter, make grooves on both sides with an electric planer.
4. A stainless steel clamp at the top of the tenon will strengthen the fastener and prevent loosening.

The flat cutter performed excellently in its work. It also performs the functions of a scythe: it can be used to mow old burdocks, tartar, and other “grass vermin.”

Antol13

The manufactured flat cutter exceeded all expectations; I have never experienced such pleasure in work. Two working edges allow you to do the job quickly and with good quality without bending.

Beet seeder

viktor50 I planted beets by hand. The soil was slightly moist, and few beets sprouted, there were even gaps of 1-2 meters, although at the state farm where the seeds were taken, the sprouts were good. “Then it dawned on me that there was a seeder there, it was sowing seeds and rolling them down. Without rolling, seeds seem to hang in the soil, have poor contact with moisture, and if the soil is slightly dry, you may not be able to wait for germination.” On next year in just half a day, a forum member made a semblance of an industrial seeder in just half a day. The seeds germinated close to 100%.

By design, the handle is located in front of the seeder (the seeder is pulled by one person). At the state farm yard, gears with a diameter of approximately 200 mm and a width of 20-30 mm were collected. They were welded together to create a roller with a diameter like gears, a width of 15 cm and a weight of 5-7 kg. A piece of pipe with approximately 3/4 diameter at the bottom is slightly bent along the direction of the seeder, along back wall cut 5 cm and the pipe is unfolded (it turns out like a hollow spout of a cultivator). This pipe is attached to the handle first, then there is a device that rakes the furrow. Behind this hiller there is a welded gear wheel; it compacts the planting. A two-liter plastic bottle with a cut bottom is inserted into the upper part of the pipe: the person who follows the seeder throws beet seeds into it.

viktor50

That's the whole device, as simple as three kopecks. There are no turned parts, everything is done on the knee. If there is welding, then there are no problems with assembly at all. We have been using this seeder for about 20 seasons.

zayka2 makes these manual seeders, copied from Vinnichanka with a brush sowing device. He slightly improved the design: he installed removable drive sprockets and modernized the marker - he installed a control handle so as not to bend over to throw it to the other side. With such seeders you can sow almost any seeds: carrots, nigella onions, beets, beans, peas, corn.

Universal garden wheelbarrow

Forum member unkas This year I had to start filling up holes on my site. There were two-wheeled carts available, the track of which turned out to be too wide in some places. The neighbors didn't like the garden wheelbarrows unkasу for various reasons.

The forum member bought a polyurethane wheel that does not need to be inflated (a similar wheel, but not made of polyurethane, but made of rubber, is cheaper), 2 corners, an axle made of a bolt with a nut and a block of 40 * 40 * 3 m. He had plywood and the rest.

unkas

Wheelbarrow building is an exact science. If you do everything by eye, it turns out a little crooked.

Home water tower

Jacomo Venciano builds a water tower to water the garden.

It looks like this: a small round foundation, on which there are three concrete rings of two meters in diameter, placed on a mortar. On top there is a concrete cover with a hatch. The expert calculated the strength of the tower rings (the weight of the rings plus the water pressure). It turned out that there is a threefold reserve even for the weakest concrete, but provided that the concrete is not saturated with water. That is, waterproofing is important both inside and outside (from rain). For external waterproofing a forum member decided to make a conical roof with an overhang.

Stairs are installed inside and outside the tower. The seams between the rings are carefully puttied, the transportation holes are sealed. Everything outside is painted green, inside there is waterproofing on the walls and foundation and a layer of plastic like acrylic.

At the bottom there is a drain and watering fitting. At the top there is a filling fitting. A transparent hose-level gauge is hung from the drain fitting through a tee along the outer wall.

Jacomo Venciano

I will connect a float valve from the toilet tank with a pre-coarse filter to the filling fitting inside. I'll pour from summer water supply pressure 1 atm. hut

In winter, the tower will be empty, and in summer, the water in it will warm up to the average daily temperature, up to 15 degrees. It will be possible to dilute fertilizers in the tower to feed the garden, mixing them with a drainage pump.

The forum member will not bury the container: the only advantage of a buried container is that the water in it does not freeze in winter. But why do we need irrigation water in winter?

Apple picking tool

Acordic I made a simple but functional garden device that can be used to pick apples and plums. Before that, she tried several options for fruit pickers from the store at her dacha, but then they all turned out to be abandoned and gathering dust without use. It turned out that there is nothing better than a three-meter aluminum pole and a plastic bottle. The forum member often uses this device because of its lightness and convenience.

Acordic

And we can’t live without him anymore. It's convenient and doesn't require a ladder.

Screw planting of seeds

Denforever came up with a device for planting seeds that allows you to avoid making holes and subsequently thinning out the seedlings. The device is made in several versions: length 3 cm, 5 cm and 2 cm. In the future, a handle will be adapted to the device. In the photo we see that the screws are not screwed in - this is for convenient transportation to the dacha. Then they will need to be screwed in.

Miracle shovel

Serdsvetlana absolutely delighted with the “miracle shovel”, which is easy to make yourself. The ease with which the garden is dug up, the soil is loosened and the potatoes are dug up is surprising.

The peculiarity of tilling the soil with a miracle shovel: the garden is dug not across, but along. We take the miracle shovel by the edges of the top bar with two outstretched hands, step on the platform (footboard) and it easily goes into the ground. With a slight movement (can be combined with light shaking), stepping back two steps, we move the shovel from a vertical position to an almost horizontal one. After this, we take a step forward, pull the shovel back 30 cm, give it a vertical position, drive it into the ground and repeat the cycles until the row ends. Then we proceed to process the next row.

Materials: half-inch pipe, round timber (or hexagon) with a diameter of 15 mm.

For ease of transportation, a collapsible design can be made.

Read on FORUMHOUSE about other homemade tools - a wood splitter, a concrete mixer, and about what tools should be in your arsenal. And watch our video reviewing new products for gardening.

Types of Gardening Tools

Currently the range garden tools and the inventory is huge. Almost everything you need for working in the garden and on the site can be bought at any specialized store or garden center. However, many gardeners (especially beginners) sometimes cannot make a choice among a large number of different tools, because they do not know which one they need: with a wooden or metal handle, with a wide or narrow cutting edge, etc. Among other things, industry Many new products are being released, the purpose of which is sometimes very difficult to guess, not only by appearance, but also by name.

There are also hygienic and technical requirements to tools - they should be light, convenient and safe.

All known garden tools and equipment can be divided into several groups depending on the work for which they are used. For example, they highlight the tools needed when planning a garden plot; digging and leveling the soil; laying out beds and flower beds; sowing seeds; picking and planting seedlings; watering; hilling; grafting and pruning branches of trees and shrubs, crown formation; harvesting; lawn cutting and grass mowing; pest and disease control.

Before starting work on the site, you need to draw up a detailed plan, where you should note the location of the main groups of plants that will be planted on the site, outbuildings and other buildings, fences and reservoirs. A properly developed plan will allow you to achieve good results when growing garden crops and will be indispensable when arranging and designing a garden plot.

To plan the site you will need special measuring tools.

A tape measure is a tool with a flexible bar scale for measuring linear objects. The length of the scale can reach 100 m.

Roulette

Using a tape measure, you can measure the total area of ​​the plot, the area allocated for planting certain crops, the distance between individual beds, flower beds and other parts of the plot. It is recommended to choose the length of the tape measure based on the size of the area: for large area A standard 10m tape measure will suffice, but for larger areas a longer tape measure will be needed.

A ruler is a necessary tool for drawing straight lines on various planes and spatial measurements.

It is convenient to use a ruler when measuring small distances, for example, between separately growing shrubs and flowers, hedge posts, beds, etc.

Ruler

This tool, used to measure slope, is useful when laying water and sewer lines on a site, as well as when installing a drainage system. The level is a wooden or metal block, in the middle of which there is a glass tube filled with water and hermetically sealed. Inside the tube there is a bubble, which, if there is no slope, is located in the middle. The displacement of the bubble in one direction or another indicates the direction of the slope, and its value is determined using a ruler in millimeters per 1 meter of pipe or surface length.

Many gardeners, having planted fruit trees and shrubs, they believe that it is enough to water and feed the crops in order for them to grow well and bear fruit. Of course, watering, fertilizing and spraying are very important for plants, but pruning and grafting play a significant role for normal development. In addition, various operations to form the crown make it possible to regulate the growth of plants and give them a certain shape, which has a positive effect on appearance plot.

Timely pruning of garden crops is necessary to ensure that the plants do not become depleted ahead of time; it contributes to the optimal distribution of minerals, abundant annual flowering and fruiting.

Without pruning, plants grow very quickly in the first years and begin to bear fruit relatively early. However, the crown of a tree, developing independently, often grows in width or height over time. In trees and shrubs that have not been pruned, the central part of the crown is exposed, and on the periphery the branches are very dense.

In such a situation, most of the fruits of garden crops are set at the edges of the crown and the fruiting zone with a larger crown diameter sharply decreases. In addition, due to sharp forks, large branches may break off during the fruiting period. Caring for such trees becomes more complicated, pest and disease control and harvesting become difficult.

Distinguish the following types trims:

– formative, giving the crown young plant a certain shape;

– regulating (supporting), in which they achieve good lighting in all parts of the crown, ensuring an optimal balance between growth and fruiting;

– rejuvenating, aimed at stimulating the growth and flowering of garden crops;

– thinning, in which small and weak branches are shortened or removed;

– grafting, necessary to create sap flow in the branches of the plant;

– restorative, restoring the ability to grow and bear fruit on frozen and old branches.

In the process of forming the crown and stimulating the development of plants, various pruning methods are used, which are used both for thin shoots, the thickness of which does not exceed 3-5 mm, and for dead thick branches, the diameter of which can be 80-100 mm.

In addition to pruning branches, many plants require bud cutting and grafting.

Used for grafting, pruning trees and shrubs and forming hedges. various instruments: pruning shears, garden shears, hacksaws and others.

Secateurs are garden shears designed for trimming tree branches, thin shoots, forming and thinning the crown of garden crops.

When choosing a pruner, preference should be given to a tool with rubberized handles to protect your hands from calluses. The pruning shears should fit comfortably in your hand, and when folded, there should be no gap between the blades, otherwise the tool will crush the branches without cutting them.

Formation of the crown of an apple tree: on the left - before pruning; right – after trimming

By pressing firmly and sharply on the handles of the pruning shears, a clean, smooth cut is achieved without tearing the bark on the remaining part of the branch. In this case, the working blade of the tool should rest firmly against the part of the plant stem being cut off.

There are two types of pruner design: in the first version, the movable straight blade during operation comes into contact with a stationary blade, which is made of a softer material, and in the second, both the blade and the shear plate have a curved shape.

For cutting flowers and herbaceous perennials, it is better to use pruning shears Not large size with thin blades.

In 1815, in France, a tool called a pruner was first used to prune grape vines. The name comes from the Latin seco, which means “to cut”, “to dissect”.

To cut thick branches, it is best to use pruners equipped with a handle consisting of two parts connected by a gear drive. These pruners are larger than regular ones and therefore more convenient to use.

Secateurs with long handles, which are sometimes called bush shears, will be needed for cutting branches that are inaccessible to conventional pruners, for example those located in the middle of a bush, as well as when working with thorny bushes.

Shrub pruners can be double-sided or single-sided cutting. In the first case, the support blade has a crescent shape, which allows you to fix and trim a branch with a diameter of up to 50 mm. The groove, necessary to drain the flowing sap of the plant, reduces the contact area of ​​​​the cutting edges.

Single-sided shrub pruners are used primarily when pruning hard old branches. The surface area of ​​the support blade eliminates the displacement and rotation of the plant branch being cut relative to the cutting edge of the working blade, which allows cutting branches with a diameter of up to 30 mm.

Secateurs

Quite unusual is the air or, as it is often called, rod pruner, with which gardeners trim high tree branches. Particularly convenient is a pruner with a telescopic handle, with which you can adjust the length of the tool.

Despite the fact that the range of use of various pruners is quite wide, in some cases they have to be replaced with other tools.

To cut very thick branches and stems, it is preferable to use a tool specially designed for such work - a brush cutter.

Shrubs such as gooseberries, raspberries, and currants have rather thick branches, which are recommended to be trimmed not with pruners, but with scissors with long handles, otherwise called a hedge trimmer. This tool is equipped with long, well-sharpened blades and is very convenient for trimming small shoots. Brush cutters can be double-sided or single-sided cutting.

The single-sided cutting brush cutter is equipped with a support blade that reliably holds the cut stems and branches moving along the sharp cutting edge of the working blade. This tool is well suited for cutting hops or ivy.

When working with a brush cutter with a wave-shaped cutting edge, it is necessary to keep in mind that the short length of the bends reduces the likelihood of the branch slipping when trimming, but at the same time makes it more difficult to cut thicker branches of the plant.

If you use double-sided hedge trimmers when trimming such plants, they will crush the leaves.

The cutting edges of a double-sided hedge trimmer can be straight or wavy. Tools with straight edges are used primarily for trimming plant branches whose thickness does not exceed 15 mm. In addition, such a hedge trimmer is used for curly cutting of dense bushes.

Currently, there are hedge trimmer models that have a special notch near the hinge, which reduces the risk of thick twigs and dry branches slipping along the cutting edge.

A brush cutter with wavy edges is necessary when cutting branches of garden crops whose thickness does not exceed 10 mm. With this tool, pruning is carried out more accurately than with a tool with straight edges, since the branches do not slide along the cutting edges of the blades. The wave-shaped hedge trimmer is convenient for cutting hedges and low-growing coniferous trees.

Instead of pruning shears with extended handles, it is advisable to use a lopper to trim high-lying branches. The tool is attached to a long pole with a diameter of at least 25 mm and is driven using twine. With a lopper, you can trim thick branches of plants without much effort, since it is equipped with a hinged lever mechanism. The thickness of the branches that can be cut depends on the complexity of the mechanism.

Power-driven loppers are in great demand among gardeners. The power mechanism of this tool increases its cutting ability. In specialized stores and garden centers you can purchase contact and flat loppers, the blades of which are made of stainless steel and treated with Teflon, which reduces friction during operation. The handles of such loppers are most often made from fiberglass reinforced polyamide. These tools are lightweight and very easy to use.

The small flat lopper has a curved bottom blade for better grip.

Lopper

A medium-sized power-driven lopper is designed for cutting thick tree branches and seedlings. Its blade is slightly curved, which provides optimal grip on the knot.

A large power-driven lopper is essential for cutting thick branches of trees and shrubs. The lower blade of the lopper is curved for optimal grip on the branch. The medium size power driven contact lopper is very easy to use and allows you to avoid stress during operation. The tool is quite lightweight, which is why it is popular among both amateurs and experienced gardeners.

A garden hacksaw is a saw with one handle designed for cutting branches of garden crops.

Experienced gardeners usually have several hacksaws of different sizes, which are needed to trim branches of different sizes. For beginning amateur gardeners, we recommend one small folding hacksaw and one large one.

Gardeners often have to deal with situations when they need to cut branches whose thickness exceeds 3 cm. This cannot be done with pruning shears, as this can damage the tool. In such cases, the best option is a garden hacksaw, sometimes called a pruning saw. Garden variety A hacksaw differs from a carpenter's saw in that it has a curved blade and inclined teeth, which make cutting branches of trees and shrubs easier, and the likelihood of bending and breaking the blade is reduced.

If you follow the correct sequence of pruning a plant branch, you can avoid breaking it off and eliminate damage to the tree bark, which contributes to the formation of an even cut that overgrows quite quickly.

Sizes of hacksaws may vary. Large tools make it easy to cut thick branches from garden crops. Small hacksaws allow you to make an even and neat cut.

Hand folding file

When pruning branches whose diameter exceeds 80 mm, it is recommended to use not a garden saw, but an ordinary carpenter’s saw with a tooth pitch of no more than 3 mm. This cut turns out to be rougher, the tree bark along its edges has burrs, so it takes longer to overgrow.

Gardeners often use for trimming tree branches, shrubs and flowers. various knives, which must be well sharpened. Garden knives are suitable for trimming live and damaged, but not dead, branches.

Using this tool, you can cut shoots and clean up sections after cutting thick branches with a hacksaw.

Using grafting knives, you can graft lilacs, roses, various fruit trees and shrubs. There are three types of such knives: for grafting cuttings (copulating) with a straight blade, for grafting rootstocks garden plants kidney or eye (budding) with a slightly curved blade and combined for performing both operations.

On back side The handles of all grafting knives have an opener, otherwise called a pit, which is a protrusion designed to push the bark apart after the incision.

Budding knives consist of a steel blade and a smooth handle. The blade must be made of high quality steel. Such knives should be sharpened on a fine-grained whetstone, after which the blade should be brought to sharpness on a leather belt.

Every gardener needs to have at least one garden knife, regardless of the fact that pruners and hedge trimmers are mainly used when pruning branches. Using a garden knife, it is easy to smooth out burrs at the cut site, especially if the branch is thick.

Combination knives with two different blades are in greatest demand among gardeners, as they perform the functions of not only budding, but also copulating knives.

A pruning knife is one of the most common garden tools. It has no special purpose and is used for various jobs: pruning branches of trees and shrubs, preparing cuttings, cutting tree bark for grafting, cutting flowers.

Scissors for cutting cuttings

When forming garden crops, a huge role is played by scissors, which are used for cutting, pruning non-lignified thin shoots and other work. Various scissors are used in gardening, the main features of which are convenience and good sharpening.

When trimming a garden hedge, it is recommended to use special garden shears with a sharp blade. With this tool you can cut hard-to-reach branches, since the design of the scissors allows the cutting blades to be installed in three different positions, thereby facilitating the formation of a garden hedge.

In addition, the blades are positioned in such a way that in any of the three positions they are constantly self-sharpening.

Shears with a power drive and a lever are lightweight and are used for trimming hedges. The tool handles are made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide, the ends of the handles are made of plastic, which prevents slipping in the hands, ensuring safety when working with this tool. The cutting ability of such scissors is increased due to stainless steel blades and a power mechanism - a lever.

Garden shears

The handles of the lever-driven grass, hedge and shrub shears are made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide. The cutting ability of the tool is increased by the lever. At the same time, it is important light weight and the compactness of the scissors, allowing you to cut plant branches in the most inaccessible places. For greater ease of use, the installation angle of the cutting part can be adjusted within 270°.

To trim the edges of the lawn, you need special edge shears with long handles, which can also be used to level the grass in height.

Lightweight small scissors are recommended for cutting cuttings, pruning shoots of fruit trees, and cutting stems whose thickness does not exceed 10 mm. Serrations located on the support blade of the scissors prevent smooth or wet branches from sliding along it.

Often, when pruning garden crops, it becomes necessary to use a saw. It is not recommended to use it when cutting small branches of trees and shrubs, since the edge of the cut is often uneven and this negatively affects the growth and fruiting of the crop.

However, for removing large hardened branches and trunk branches, a saw is the optimal tool. So that sawing does not bring great harm garden crops, only special saws should be used.

The bow saw has a double-sided sharpening and cuts well in two directions. The tool is equipped with “planing” teeth, which increase the cutting ability of the saw regardless of the composition and condition of the wood (wet, dry).

Great importance when carrying out gardening work have the dimensions of the tool. Small devices are much more convenient to use than large ones. Weight does not play such an important role, since it usually does not exceed 1 kg, although individual instruments can weigh more.

The bow saw has a protector to protect the gardener’s fingers while working, a magnetic casing that ensures safe transportation, and a replaceable blade.

When working with a bow saw, you can cut small trunks and thick branches of plants in hard-to-reach places.

Gardeners often use a lightweight folding saw that is equipped with a safety locking latch and finger protection system. The handle of the product is usually made of durable glass fiber reinforced polyamide. The blade of such a saw is made of hardened steel and usually has a length of about 160 mm.

In addition, the folding saw is equipped with a clip made of glass fiber reinforced plastic for attaching the tool to a belt.

Saw

In specialized stores you can purchase various gardening tools designed for cultivating the soil. It is best to choose tools that are designed to make the gardener's work as easy as possible and that can reduce the strain on the back and shoulders. The handles of shovels and other tools should be comfortable, suitable in length and thickness.

Tool handles are most often made of varnished wood, less often of durable plastic or steel pipes.

The most commonly used tool by gardeners is a shovel, made of durable stainless steel with a thin blade. Shovels are designed for digging up soil, digging holes, etc. They can also be used to perform other work, such as removing garbage. There are several types of shovels used when working in the garden.

Digging with a garden shovel

Light shovel general purpose consists of a durable handle and a sharpened metal blade. The handle is most often made of aluminum with a rubber coating, and the blade is made of hardened aluminum.

Folding shovels made of hardened boron steel, aluminum and plastic are very convenient and practical. Such shovels are indispensable for various works on a summer cottage and, due to their compactness, do not cause much trouble during transportation.

Telescopic garden shovels are convenient because you can vary the length of their handle, and due to their light weight they do not create inconvenience during transportation. The blades of such shovels are usually made of durable boron-containing steel, and the angle of inclination of the handle is 13°. Using this tool you can cut off plant roots and form lawns.

Shovel

To dig up the soil, it is best to use large bayonet shovels. Thanks to the pointed shape of the blade, such shovels easily penetrate to great depths and turn over layers of soil.

Bayonet shovel

Heavy soil attachment

A shovel is good to use for preparing soil mixtures, applying organic fertilizers, or other work involving bulk solids.

A rake is a metal attachment with teeth arranged at right angles, attached to a handle. The tool is used when cutting beds in a garden plot, removing leaves and debris, uniformly distributing fertilizers over the soil surface and other work. You can find a wide variety of rakes in specialty stores and garden centers.

Leveling the soil with a rake

Rakes with replaceable attachments of various shapes are very practical. Typically, the handle of such rakes is made of lightweight aluminum, and the attachments are made of durable plastic. The advantage of this tool is that the plastic attachments are not susceptible to rust when in contact with wet grass or soil, but the main disadvantage is that they are less durable compared to metal rakes.

Rake

Depending on the design, the purpose of the rake varies. The most common rake has 11 short, strong teeth, used for working the ground and raking up grass and leaves.

The leaf rake has 25 long, frequently spaced, springy teeth that provide efficient harvesting.

The small leaf rake has 7 long springy teeth. This tool is useful for raking leaves in hard-to-reach places, between tall plants and under bushes.

The large leaf rake has 25 curved teeth to prevent branches from getting caught in the rake. They are very convenient when working on large areas.

A fork is a steel attachment with long, straight, sharp teeth, mounted on a handle. This tool is used to loosen the soil after digging. In addition, forks are also used for other types of work, such as stacking hay or straw.

Recently, sharp and durable 4-prong telescopic garden forks have been introduced, perfect for working in areas with hard, rocky soil. The bending angle of the handle is 13°.

Pitchfork

Helpful auxiliary tool when working in the garden, use a scoop, which is a small shovel with a shortened handle and curved sides.

Trowel

Currently, you can buy a variety of scoops made from glass fiber reinforced polyamide in garden centers that can withstand temperatures of 40-150 °C. This tool is durable, easy to clean from dirt, the edges of the blade have a rounded shape, which reduces the likelihood of damage to plant roots. If necessary, the blade can be sharpened.

A roller is a tool consisting of a roller of various widths and shapes and a handle attached to it. This device is used to cultivate the soil surface. Rolling helps to increase moisture permeability and accelerates the decomposition of organic fertilizers. Smooth rollers are used to compact and level soil that is too loose, and for easy mixing upper layers soil and improving its structure before sowing - ringed and ribbed.

Harrows are tools used for pre-sowing treatment soils come in several types. Conventional harrows, which are used for harrowing, that is, loosening and mixing the top layers of soil, have two varieties - tooth and disk. In the most common tooth harrows, the elements loosening the soil are sharp teeth, while in disk harrows they are replaced by disks with a diameter of 4–5 cm.

For scouring - leveling the soil surface and crushing lumps - draggers of various designs and trains are used. These devices spray the soil less than harrows and allow in the best possible way prepare the area for sowing.

Mechanical tools occupy a special place among gardening tools. Mechanisms for tillage, depending on the power of the motor and the number of functions performed, are divided into three classes: light, medium and heavy. Important characteristic These mechanisms also include the size of the area covered and the depth of tillage.

Motor cultivators can run on gasoline or electricity. The former are safer, they can be used at a considerable distance from garden house. Electric cultivators are more environmentally friendly, but their main disadvantage is that the length of the wire limits the possibilities of using the devices.

Light motor cultivators are relatively inexpensive, but have a short engine life and are often equipped with a small number of attachments. This class also includes motor rippers - units for hilling, weeding and loosening rows - and rotary cutters suitable for surface tillage (to a depth of 10–15 cm).

Light units include cultivators with a capacity of 2–4 liters. With. and a small engine size. They are suitable for processing small plots soil (area 6-10 acres). The working width is 30–80 cm, the processing depth is 20–25 cm. The weight of such cultivators is on average 10–25 kg, so their use does not require the application of great physical force.

Middle-class units have a 4.5–8 liter engine. pp., the working width of the surface to be treated is 50–80 cm, they weigh 70–80 kg. They have more high performance and are designed for processing fairly large areas - from 10 to 30 acres. Such machines are often equipped with various devices for cultivating the soil: a plow, hiller, hay mower, snow blower, etc. Additional equipment can be purchased separately, depending on the need on the farm. Heavy equipment is intended for professional use in large farms. It can be used for almost all types gardening work, as well as for transporting goods, shredding grass and household waste, removing snow and much more. The engine power of heavy walk-behind tractors averages 14–16 hp. With.

Cultivators weighing 9 kg cultivate a surface 23 cm wide. These units operate on a mixture of AI-95 gasoline and oil. Serpentine cutters are suitable for processing hard soil.

Motor cultivator

Such mechanisms are equipped with several attachments that allow you to perform various operations: plowing, cultivating, weeding, hilling, aeration, pruning plants, cleaning paths, trimming bushes, etc.

Cultivators weighing 14.5 kg cultivate a surface 30 cm wide. The engine power is 2.5 liters. With. AI-92 gasoline is used as fuel. These units are equipped with prefabricated cutters and a folding steering wheel. They are mainly used for loosening, weeding, and aerating the soil.

Cultivators weighing 35 kg cultivate a surface 52 cm wide. The engine power is 2.4 liters. With. These cultivators are equipped with a front wheel for easy transportation. The steering wheel is equipped with a mechanism that allows you to adjust its height. Attachments help to perform many agricultural jobs.

Cultivators weighing 43 kg cultivate a surface 65 cm wide. The engine power is 4 liters. With. These models are equipped attachments and a comfortable steering wheel, adjustable vertically and horizontally.

The 75 mm wide manual mini-cultivator can be used on any area of ​​land. This tool is characterized by increased strength, does not bend when digging up excessively dry soil, and is convenient in that its use does not require gasoline or any other source of energy.

The use of walk-behind tractors greatly facilitates the work of a gardener, especially if it is necessary to cultivate large plots of land. They can be used for a range of gardening tasks: digging up the soil, loosening, hilling, killing weeds, applying fertilizers, etc. Currently, there are models on sale that perform more than 30 operations thanks to the various attachments included in the kit.

When choosing walk-behind tractors and walk-behind cultivators, first of all you need to determine the volume and types of work that you intend to carry out on your site. Lightweight walk-behind tractors are well suited for row-spacing processing, but are characterized by low productivity. Motoblocks of the middle and heavy class have a higher service life and a larger working width. For example, a walk-behind tractor weighing 64 kg is equipped with a 5.5 liter engine. With. This unit is multifunctional, equipped with a power take-off shaft and a towbar for attaching a mower, snow cutter, etc.

Walk-behind tractor

Imported motor cultivators and walk-behind tractors run on AI-92 or AI-95 gasoline; for domestic ones, you can use the cheaper AI-76.

Small-sized tractors make it possible to easily cultivate soil over large areas. Modern models They are highly maneuverable and small in size, which allows them to be used for work in the garden, vegetable garden, and on the farm.

When purchasing walk-behind tractors and other equipment, you should keep in mind that the higher the engine power, the more expensive the unit. Domestic agricultural machinery is cheaper and it is easier to find spare parts for them, but imported walk-behind tractors from well-known companies are more convenient to use and are often of higher quality.

A hoe is a tool consisting of a metal attachment with teeth attached to a long handle. This tool is indispensable when working in the garden. There are several types of hoes. Their length can vary from 25 to 40 cm; There can be 2 or 3 teeth. The shape of the nozzle can be rectangular or triangular.

Laying out flower beds and creating beds on the site should be started only after large plants have been planted - fruit and berry and ornamental trees and shrubs. For this you will need rakes, forks, hoes, rippers and other tools.

Device for marking beds

A ripper, or, as gardeners often call it, a scratch rake, is used when loosening row spacing in beds with vegetables or flower crops. The tool consists of a nozzle with long sharp teeth, made of high-strength steel and a shortened wooden handle.

Ripper

To sow seeds, you will need special containers in which to grow seedlings, pegs, garden cords, planting hoes and seeders of various designs.

Not all seeds can be sown in the soil right away. Many heat-loving crops do not tolerate spring cold, and some plants require quite a long time to germinate, so it is recommended to sow the seeds of such crops in boxes, pots and containers in advance, at a time suitable for each plant.

The seeds are sown first in wide, low boxes, and some time after the shoots appear, the sprouts are transplanted into separate containers or larger containers. IN open ground Seedlings are usually transplanted in late spring - early summer, depending on the characteristics of each plant.

Pots up to 10 cm high, no more than 98 mm in diameter, and with a capacity of about 0.35 liters are considered to be the most suitable for growing seedlings.

Pots for seedlings

For shallow planting of seeds when sowing them directly into the soil, usually no equipment is required, and if the seeds need to be planted at a significant depth, gardeners use a peg with marks at different levels.

With the help of such a peg, a depression is made in the ground into which the seeds are planted.

The cord is used when sowing to create even rows of equal length. The cord is tied to two pegs dug into the ground, secured 1–2 cm above the soil level, and seeds are sown or seedlings are planted along the resulting line.

When planting plants, you can use a special fork, which looks like a ripper. The width of the fork is approximately 8 cm. The tool is equipped with four teeth that level the soil well.

Manual fork

The planting hoe is used to create holes for seedlings. The tool looks like an ordinary hoe.

To plant bulbs, many gardeners use a special device that makes labor easier and ensures even distribution of planting bulbs in the garden bed.

Device for transplanting bulbs and seedlings

Bulb planting device

A flat cutter is a tool with metal nozzle in the form of a hook, attached to a short handle. The most common is the Fokin flat cutter, used for loosening and simultaneous weeding of the soil.

Flat cutter

An aerator is a device for artificially saturating the soil with air in order to quickly oxidize the organic substances it contains. This tool can be used both to supply plant roots with oxygen and to remove small weeds before sowing seeds. An aerator is an indispensable tool for lawn care, as it prevents the grass from becoming tangled and the top layer of soil from hardening.

For large areas, you can use a gasoline-powered aerator.

Soil aeration device

Hilling is the process of rolling loose, damp soil onto the bottom of the plant using the necessary gardening tools. Hilling improves root development and protects plants from frost.

For hilling you need a hoe, a hoe, and a hiller.

A hoe is a hand-held garden tool designed for loosening soil and consisting of a long handle and an attached tip, most often made of high-strength steel.

Hoe

The tool can be used for inter-row cultivation, loosening the soil, cutting weeds, selecting seedlings and hilling potatoes and celery. The large hoe is equipped with a special attachment measuring 16.5 x 10 cm, which ensures ease of use, and a handle 1.5 m long.

The gardener is assisted in his work by a 1.3 m long double-sided hoe, a semicircular hoe and a hoe with a wooden handle, equipped with a 16 x 9 cm attachment and a 1.2 m long handle.

Often used in garden plots are combined hoes with straight and sharp attachments, equipped with a weeder.

The onion hoe is equipped with a blade 7–8 cm wide and is intended for inter-row cultivation during the germination period.

A cat hoe with three or five teeth is used for inter-row loosening and removing weeds.

A hiller is used for making furrows and hilling. It must be adjusted depending on the width of the furrow and self-deepening during operation. The latter property allows you to reduce physical effort when cultivating the soil. Depending on the number of furrows processed, hillers are divided into single and double.

A cultivator and weeder are used for weeding between rows. The latter device makes it possible to remove weeds without damaging cultivated plants. Additionally, you can purchase the following devices: grouser weeders and hillers, weeders for processing row spacing, protective discs.

Seeders are used to simplify sowing work when large areas have to be sown. There are several types of seeders.

A manual lawn seeder is a hopper equipped with a handle. It is suitable for working on flat areas of the garden; it is very good for sowing medium-sized lawns. By rotating the handle, you can evenly distribute the seeds. The seeder can also be used to apply fertilizers to the soil.

The lawn seeder on wheels is designed for sowing large areas of lawns. The seed hopper for such a seeder can have a volume of up to 12 liters. The hopper is equipped with two wheels and a handle. A special key allows you to adjust the seeding density. A lawn seeder can also be used to apply fertilizer.

To plant seedlings in open ground, as well as to transplant perennials to a new place, you can use a scoop with a short handle, which can be easily sharpened if necessary. The scoop allows you to carry plants along with a lump of earth and plant them in a prepared place without damaging the roots and stems.

Gardeners use various irrigation methods on their plots. Surface irrigation is used to flush saline soils. Thanks to this method of irrigation, a supply of moisture is created in the soil, which is most important for regions with hot climates.

In order to carry out surface watering, a metal pipeline should be laid in the garden area. The main pipe with the largest diameter must be placed across the slope of the site.

Pipes of smaller diameter should be laid in the middle of the row spacing, and the branches should be placed in bowls, holes, checks.

The pipes must be connected by autogenous welding. To regulate the flow of water, taps should be installed further from the pipe connection.

Irrigation in ring holes and bowls is used in gardens located on horizontal ledges and slopes. This type of irrigation involves watering each tree. In addition, it is recommended to carry it out in areas where garden crops are planted in no particular order.

Preparing the garden for watering in ring holes and bowls is done using a hoe and shovel. In this case, the size of the holes and bowls should correspond to the crown of the tree.

To water in bowls, you need to dig a hole with a diameter of 2–4 m around each tree, and then distribute loose soil around the circumference of the resulting depression.

Watering in bowls has a number of disadvantages, since it disrupts the structure of the soil and causes severe compaction, deteriorates the air supply to the roots of plants, and requires a lot of manual labor.

To carry out ring-hole irrigation, it is necessary to dig a ring ditch 0.3–0.4 m deep and up to 2 m wide around each tree, then fill it with water in several steps.

Irrigation by checks involves watering each tree. In this case, you need to dig square holes 30–35 cm deep on four sides and fill them with water in several stages.

The disadvantage of watering by checks is uneven watering of the garden area.

Furrow irrigation is the most advanced and widespread of all irrigation methods, since in this case the garden is evenly irrigated and water is used sparingly.

For such irrigation, you should lay parallel furrows along the area with a slight slope, and then fill them with water in several stages.

In order not to damage the roots of plants in the garden, it is recommended to cut furrows 15 cm deep at a distance of 70–80 cm from each other.

All plants, without exception, need timely watering, so the site must be equipped with a water supply system.

The simplest and most common tool designed for watering plants is a watering can. Watering cans sold in specialty stores can be made of stainless steel or durable molded plastic. Plastic watering cans are much more convenient than metal ones, since they weigh much less and therefore do not require significant physical effort when using them. Often, watering cans come with various attachments, with which you can adjust the thickness of the water stream and choose the spray method.

The nozzles must be tightly attached to the spout of the watering can, since if they are not firmly fixed, they can break off during watering and damage the plants.

Using a watering can, you can not only water, but also apply liquid fertilizers and herbicides. For this purpose it is best to use special nozzle in the form of a rod with small holes.

The disadvantage of this device is that its use is quite labor-intensive, and it is advisable to use a watering can only in small areas.

Watering from a watering can

Hoses are indispensable for watering plants in large and medium-sized areas. various lengths and diameter. A regular hose is a flexible tube made of several layers of rubberized material and coated inside and outside with a layer of rubber. In addition to rubber, there are plastic hoses.

Hoses are distinguished:

– depending on the material from which they are made (rubber, elastomer, thermoplastic, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, etc.);

– depending on technical characteristics (low-pressure and high-pressure);

- depending on the diameter of the section.

When choosing a hose for your garden plot, first of all you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Service life. It can range from 1 to 15 years and depends on the material.

2. Ease of use. The hose must be flexible and elastic, easy to rewind and not twist. It should be supplied with fittings for connecting to the water supply and a variety of nozzles for watering.

3. Wear resistance. The hose must have high strength and resistance mechanical damage, maintain elasticity on bends.

Recently, hoses made of polymer materials have become popular among gardeners. They are more durable than rubber ones. Reinforced hoses are also produced that retain their shape and are resistant to changes in water pressure and mechanical stress.

Garden hose

To spray water during irrigation, you can use special hoses, inside of which there are three semi-cylindrical channels mounted on a plastic base. They allow you to use water more economically.

It is not recommended to use corrugated hoses for irrigation, as mineral and organic deposits quickly accumulate in them, especially when using water from natural reservoirs. In addition, damage quickly appears in their walls, through which water flows out.

Porous hoses are used for watering plants with a shallow root system. They are laid next to beds and flower borders. Water enters the soil gradually, which not only saves it, but also prevents soil erosion.

If the garden plot is large, you will need long hoses. For ease of use, they are equipped with reels with a handle that makes it easy to fold the hose if necessary. The reels can be equipped with a trolley and a through-flow system that allows the hose to be used in a coiled state.

On a large garden plot, it is convenient to lay several stationary pipes with taps, to which you can attach a piece of hose. Pipes can be either metal or plastic. The latter are preferable because they do not require welding to connect to each other. They are made from modern high-tech materials that can withstand temperature changes and can be used outdoors for a long time. Instead of plastic pipes You can also use durable plastic hoses of suitable diameter.

Hoses are also used for constructing drainage systems in garden plots. Typically, corrugated hoses with a smooth inner surface and holes in the walls are used for this purpose. Drainage hoses for sandy soils are equipped with a textile cover, and hoses for clay soils are equipped with a surface filter made of coconut fiber.

Pumps are needed at a summer cottage to draw water from open reservoirs and ensure the operation of sprinklers and sprinklers. Pumps can have various modifications. Their main technical characteristics are:

– power;

– suction height;

– productivity.

Pumps are either submersible or suction.

Suction pumps are used to draw water from wells or boreholes up to 7 m deep. They can be installed in suitable place by lowering the suction hose into the water. Water supply starts automatically when the tap is opened.

Submersible pumps are used for wells deeper than 8 m. They consist of a membrane pressure tank, pressure pipe, valve, pressure gauge to maintain constant water pressure, shut-off valve, motor and control device. The membrane tank allows you to maintain a supply of water. The pump turns on automatically when the tank is empty. Since frequent switching on and off of the pump leads to rapid wear, it is recommended to use large-capacity tanks.

For small garden plots, it is better to purchase a low-power pump; it consumes less electricity and costs less. More powerful pumps are relatively expensive, but you cannot do without them if there is a significant water consumption.

Pump performance affects the water pressure in the pipes and should not be less than 600 l/h.

It is recommended to settle the water used for the automatic irrigation system, for which it is necessary to purchase special containers. If there is a small reservoir or pond on the garden plot from which you can take water, then it is not necessary to defend it. If funds allow, you can purchase special filters that purify water not only from large mechanical particles, but also from metal salts dissolved in it.

Large pumps are designed to be multifunctional and are sold in garden centers complete with a set of additional accessories. Pump power varies between 450-7000 l/h.

Such pumps are equipped with a filter for water purification, which avoids additional costs for purchasing separate filters. Purified water has a beneficial effect on the growth and flowering of garden crops.

Pump motors, thanks to computer modeling of the magnetic circuit, have a long service life, and the quality of operation of these units is one of the highest.

There are pumps with special fuses that eliminate the possibility of damage in the event of an unexpected blockage of the pump.

Pumps with a ceramic axis and high-strength metal bearings have the longest service life. To install on uneven surfaces soils, pumps with a low center of gravity are best suited.

Pumps can be used not only for installing an irrigation system, but also for decorative design of the site. Low-power pumps are used to create streams, waterfalls, cascades, etc.

Water pistols and sprayers are indispensable in small garden plots, as they ensure uniform watering of all garden crops.

The water gun has a lever and setting that regulates the flow of water in a flat or cone-shaped stream.

Sprayers are equipped with tanks of various capacities and allow fine-drip watering of plants and their spraying.

Plastic bottle sprayer

Spray nozzle

In order to make the work of gardeners easier, modern manufacturers of garden tools have developed a variety of automatic watering systems that allow you to use water economically and constantly maintain the desired level of soil moisture. The system is turned on and off using timers, which can be programmed to different times, intensity and duration of watering.

Automatic irrigation systems can be divided into 3 groups: drip irrigation hoses, rotary and sector watering heads.

For root irrigation of garden crops, it is recommended to use drip irrigation hoses, which do not require complex installation and provide economical targeted irrigation of garden crops.

The range of action of sector watering heads is small (up to 1.5 m), but they are quite decorative, especially in combination with lighting, and give the irrigated area an interesting look.

Pulsating sprinklers and sprinklers are popular among experienced and novice gardeners.

Some models are equipped with a choice of standard or fine water spray and continuous operation motors. The spray rod is equipped with 10–15 holes. The covered area is approximately 180 m2.

The great thing about watering heads is that they are invisible when not in use. During watering, these devices appear from the ground and work for a given time.

More advanced models are equipped with a spray rod with a large number of holes. Such sprinklers can be installed in areas whose area exceeds 200 m2.

Sprinkler

For example, the Queen model of the sprinkler is equipped with 20 brass nozzles and provides improved spray direction and a larger covered area (260 m2). Combined pulsator-sprinklers differ from conventional ones in that, in addition to spraying water, they can provide a different irrigation rhythm.

The sprayer design includes a plastic cylinder and a pulsator with holes. Sprinklers of this type are recommended to be installed in areas with an area of ​​at least 230 square meters. m2.

More powerful combined pulsator-sprinklers, the covered area of ​​which exceeds 320 m2, are equipped with more holes, which provides more precise watering. Five small holes on the back of the cylinder allow you to choose the watering rate.

The spike sprinkler provides circular watering with fine sprays and is ideal for use on small areas.

The rotating sprinkler is designed for gardening at low water pressure.

The rotating spike sprinkler waters using a rotating nozzle. Large splashes cover quite large plots. A static sprinkler waters specific areas of the garden with fine jets of water.

The sprinkler with scale is multifunctional. This is a non-rotating skid sprinkler that covers square, rectangular, circular and semicircular areas of the garden, the watering mode of which can be selected using a graduated scale located on the face of the sprinkler.

The adjustable rotating sprinkler is a skid version equipped with three nozzles, each of which is adjustable to the type of spray and the garden area to be covered. The nozzles can be adjusted to produce medium to coarse sprays. The sprinkler is recommended for use in large garden areas. A distinctive feature of this device is a rotating head that concentrates the jet. The sprinkler evenly covers a large circular area of ​​the garden with a fine spray.

Spike and tee pulsating sprinklers have an additional spike stuck into the ground or a three-legged tee base. For stability during operation, it is recommended to fill the tee with water.

The spike pulsator is equipped with a circular plastic sprinkler on a spike base.

The adjustable spike pulsator is made of plastic, equipped with a circular and semicircular sprinkler on a spike base.

The adjustable tee pulsator is equipped with circular and semicircular spray arms that ensure precise direction of the jet. The pulsator is installed on a plastic base.

The Rotating Tripod Sprinkler is mounted on a tripod and features a rotating spray arm with adjustable nozzles to provide all-round coverage of the garden area with fine, medium and coarse sprays.

The adjustable tripod pulsator has a metal tripod and is perfect for watering tall plants. The metal pulsator sprinkler head is adjustable for circular and semi-circular coverage of the garden area.

The adjustable metal tripod with built-in male connection has a wide base, which ensures maximum stability of the device when used on uneven ground surfaces.

A sprinkler is a device designed for drip irrigation of large garden areas. There are various models sprinklers.

Rectangular sprinklers are equipped with a device that is programmable to set the range and width of the irrigated area. The sprinkler has 21 nozzles, 10 of which are switchable.

The irrigation area of ​​this device varies between 45-325 m2. The maximum width of the irrigated area is 17 m.

The pulse sprinkler is a programmable device that is equipped with folding stabilizers, and its operating range varies between 5-13 m.

Circular sprinklers are equipped with nozzles with adjustable heads. The devices are suitable for watering an area of ​​up to 130 m2. The diameter of the watered circle is 13 m.

A small sprinkler is used mainly in small garden plots. Its use saves time and makes the gardener’s work easier. The sprinkler is installed on a piece of iron pipe dug into the ground, the length of which does not exceed 1 m, and is connected to a water hose near the soil surface.

The Segner Wheel sprinkler consists of a horizontal tube with two spray heads at the ends and a short vertical tube connecting the horizontal tube with a water supply hose.

During the operation of the sprinkler, water is sprayed from a rotating tube over several meters.

The “Snail” sprinkler is equipped with a hose, which supplies water to the nozzle through a pipe tangentially. Jets of water, taking the shape of an umbrella, irrigate an area within a radius of 1–2 m.

After watering one piece of land, the sprinkler system is moved to another. In addition, fine aerosol irrigation can be used. It is used under climatic conditions unfavorable for plants, for example during droughts and hot winds.

One of the final stages of work in the garden is harvesting. There are various devices that make it easier for the gardener to pick ripe vegetables, berries and fruits.

Many specialty stores sell a fruit picking basket made of cotton in addition to a lopper. It attaches quickly and easily to the lopper. With the help of such a basket, fruit picking is simplified and the fruits are not damaged. The compact shape of the basket allows you to work in hard-to-reach places, among densely overgrown branches of trees and shrubs.

To dig up root crops, you can use a plow or potato digger, which is more preferable because it does not damage the tubers.

Many gardeners harvest in buckets, fruit collectors, and special boxes and buckets designed for collecting berries.

Bucket

Currently, many owners of gardens and summer cottages are striving to create lawns on their property that delight the eye with fresh green grass. Keeping your lawn in order is not difficult if you have a good lawn mower on your property. There are many companies offering a variety of lawn mowers for both experienced and novice gardeners to choose from.

Many foreign companies producing agricultural equipment represent Russian market a huge number of models of electric and gasoline lawn mowers, as well as electric and gasoline trimmers.

A lawn mower is a unit designed for cutting grass on lawns, ensuring an even cut of the grass and its equal length. There are many different models of lawn mowers from which every gardener can choose the right one.

Electric lawn mowers are the most popular among Russian gardeners. Most often, such models have an 800 W motor. The volume of the grass collection container can be 25 liters. After working with such a lawn mower, you just need to shake out the cut grass.

Lawnmower

The body of electric lawn mowers is made of high-strength plastic and ensures long-lasting operation. A metal blade can mow a path up to 35 cm wide in one pass. In addition, when working with such a lawn mower, you can choose one of several cutting height options. Lawn mowers are equipped with double protection against electric current and an accidental start blocker, which eliminates the occurrence of any troubles during operation.

To mow a lawn with an area of ​​up to 800 m2, you can use more powerful models of lawn mowers, the working width of which is 43 and 47 cm. These units are equipped with a steel body.

Using a multifunctional lawn mower with an automatic transmission allows you to achieve perfect results when cutting and collecting grass. The automatic transmission selects the speed of the lawn mower regardless of its engine speed.

In addition, these lawn mowers can be equipped with an electric start system and a mulching system, which allows you to mow and fertilize the lawn at the same time.

Lawn mowers with a solid aluminum body are highly durable. It is best to choose models with knives made of solid spring steel and a multi-stage handle adjustment system.

The built-in grass catcher full indicator is able to notify the gardener in time about the necessary cleaning.

Lawn mowers with a gasoline engine are indispensable in garden plots remote from the city, where there is no electricity, as well as in large areas. The average engine power of such lawn mowers is 3.5 liters. pp., thanks to which they can be used for mowing lawns with an area of ​​more than 800 m2.

Gasoline lawn mowers have a metal body, a four-stroke engine and grass collectors with a capacity of up to 70 liters; their working width varies from 47 to 53 cm.

Increasingly popular in recent years They use mini-tractor lawn mowers, which can be used to move in any direction, mowing the grass.

A scythe is the most common tool used for cutting grass. Along with traditional scythes, equipped with sharp cutting blades attached to a long handle, there are more advanced models of this tool.

Convenient electric motorized scythes, which have recently appeared on the Russian market, are in increasing demand among gardeners.

Scythe

Scythes are primarily used for finishing work in the garden and for mowing overgrown grass in areas inaccessible to lawn mowers. With the help of motorized scythes, it is possible to finalize lawns along the edges of walls, paths, houses, fences, shrubs and around flower beds.

The motorized scythe can be adjusted in height depending on the height of the user. In addition, the scythe handle rotates 180° and the head rotates 45°, which allows you to cut grass vertically along the edge of the lawn.

A cordless motorized scythe has an advantage over an electric one, which is that it can be operated far from a power source. In addition, when mowing grass with a battery-powered scythe, the electric cable does not interfere.

The handle of this scythe is adjustable in height and length, rotating 180°. The 45° scythe head allows you to work in hard-to-reach areas. You can increase the operating time of the scythe with an additional replaceable battery.

The high-power electric scythe is lightweight and suitable for cutting grass in small areas. This braid is indispensable when decorating the edges of lawns and edging paths. Using a high-power electric scythe, you can mow grass near fences, house walls and other obstacles without any additional effort.

A distinctive feature of such a scythe is that it does not create much noise during operation and does not require additional maintenance.

High-power electric scythes are equipped with a cable length limiter, which prevents it from being disconnected from the device, and a device for protecting the motor, which ensures safety during operation under high loads. In addition, with such scythes, the position of the handle can be adjusted in accordance with the height of the user and the characteristics of the mowing process. In most cases, braids have a protective visor that meets safety standards. The shape of the scythe allows it to take a stable position on the ground. The scythe threads, made of synthetics, cut the grass evenly and without difficulty.

When working in narrow, hard-to-reach areas, it is recommended to use a brush cutter carried on your back. This device is quite economical and convenient to use.

As additional equipment, the lawn mowers are supplied with lubricant for felt seals, a 4-tooth metal blade with a diameter of 230 mm, a spool of line with semi-automatic feed, a line with a diameter of 2.4 m, a length of 15 m.

A specially designed mini-tractor will help make the gardener’s work as easy as possible when mowing large lawns, ensuring fast and even grass mowing.

The most common model of mini-lawn tractor weighing 185 kg processes a surface 72 cm wide in one pass. The engine power is 10.5 liters. With. The model is equipped with counter blades, with which the grass is cut, and a 170 liter grass catcher, which is emptied using a hydraulic device. The mini-tractor is designed for caring for large lawns.

The garden shredder is designed for chopping leaves and branches when pruning trees and shrubs and grass when mowing the lawn. This device produces compost and mulch from waste cuttings.

The shredder is equipped with a multifunctional gear wheel, a rotating chip blade, a blade blade and an aluminum shear plate. These devices cut branches into chips and shred leaves and grass.

To obtain compost, you need to mix 2/3 nitrogen-containing green waste and 1/3 carbon-based wood waste. It is recommended to keep the mixture in a place protected from excess moisture and drying out. To obtain high-quality fertilizer, the mass needs contact with the soil. At the same time organic waste turn into nutrient-rich compost.

The chopper has a funnel, which makes it possible to work with a reduced noise level. Simple design of rotating knives and reliable protection from improper installation, they allow you to crush garden material 100%.

The long service life of the garden shredder and the reliability of its operation are ensured by the materials used in its manufacture that are corrosion-resistant and weather-resistant. In addition, the units are equipped with an electromechanical safety interlock and a phase switch, which complies with the basic safety rules when working with a chopper.

Large wheels make it easier to transport the unit and ensure its stable position during operation.

If the garden area is small, it is not necessary to purchase a lawn mower. A trimmer can replace it. This device consists of a rod with a cutting head attached to the end, inside of which there is a reel with a cord (special fishing line) wound around it. Before work, one or two pieces of fishing line of the required length are pulled from the reel (depending on the trimmer model), which are secured with clamps. The motor of the device sets the cord in motion, resulting in a kind of sharp knife, rotating at a speed of 25 m/s.

The trimmer easily cuts grass, green shoots of garden plants and fruit bushes. The width of the treated surface is 23–40 cm, which allows you to mow grass between rows and hard-to-reach areas of the garden.

The cutting head can be rotated at an angle of 90°, making the trimmer suitable for cutting slopes and leveling curbs. Some trimmer models use additional attachments made of durable plastic or metal instead of fishing line. These knives are convenient for cutting thick shoots and stems, as well as branches with a diameter of up to 0.5 cm.

Trimmers weigh from 3 to 8 kg and are equipped with a comfortable telescopic handle and shoulder straps.

Electric trimmers with overhead motors can be used when cutting wet grass. The trimmer power is 1000 W, the cutting head makes 8500 revolutions per minute. Working width – 37 cm.

Distinctive qualities of electric trimmers are vibration protection and protection of the engine from overheating.

It should be noted that trimmers are safe to use. In case of accidental contact with hard obstacles (stones, stumps, metal pipes), the cord simply breaks.

Trimmer engines can run on electricity or gasoline. Electric motors have a power from 0.22 to 1.1 kW. They are located in the cutting head above the reel (in compact lightweight models) or on the handle of the device. Please note that trimmers with a low electric motor cannot be used to work with wet grass.

Gasoline engines for trimmers can have a volume of 20–50 cm3 and a power of 0.7–2.6 liters. With. The fuel for them is a mixture of gasoline and engine oil. Special additives and catalysts can reduce the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

In addition to all of the above, you can attach blade or rotary mowers to the walk-behind tractor to care for the lawn and mow the above-ground parts of plants. They must be equipped with a device that regulates the height of the grass cut. Rotary mowers are suitable for processing large areas with flat surface, knife blades can be used on slopes.

After autumn leaf fall, trimming trees, pruning bushes, mowing grass and other work, a lot of garbage and unnecessary waste often remains on the site, which clutter the garden and spoil its appearance. By using various devices You can make it easier and faster to clear the area of ​​debris.

A garden vacuum cleaner can be a great help in cleaning the garden. This device has great power, light weight and operates almost silently.

Using a garden vacuum cleaner, you can remove leaves, remaining mown grass, fallen pine needles, light debris and even snow. The device is equipped with a large, durable garbage bag, which is usually zippered, making it easier to empty the garbage.

When removing large waste from the site (cut branches, scraps of boards, etc.), it is recommended to use a wooden or steel wheelbarrow. To transport cargo weighing 300–500 kg, you can use a trolley attached to a walk-behind tractor.

Garden wheelbarrow

There are 4 main methods of pest control: agrotechnical, mechanical, chemical and biological.

The agrotechnical method of combating pests and diseases consists mainly of preventing their occurrence. With the help of various measures, the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors increases.

The choice of soil plays a significant role in growing plants. It should be remembered that in each region the composition of the soil is different, in addition, the quality of the soil on the site is determined by many factors: nutritional value, duration of use, location of groundwater. All these indicators should be taken into account when planting a garden, then the plants will be healthy and produce a good harvest.

Before planting, it is necessary to determine the level of groundwater. If groundwater is located close to the soil surface, it is not recommended to grow plants with a deep, powerful root system in the area, as they will freeze.

Experts recommend alternating garden crops on the site, as this prevents the occurrence of many plant diseases. In addition, the timing of planting in open ground plays a big role in the stability of plants. Plants planted ahead of time are usually weaker and more often affected by pests.

Increased resistance of plants to pests largely depends on proper and timely care, application of necessary fertilizers and loosening of the soil.

Some pests move to cultivated plants from weeds, so it is necessary to promptly weed the area, remove fallen leaves, mown grass and other plant waste.

If, despite the agrotechnical measures taken, garden crops are still damaged by insects, then in this case it is recommended to use mechanical, chemical or biological methods of pest control.

The mechanical method of pest control involves the direct destruction of eggs, larvae and adult insects.

At the same time, various measures are carried out: they remove insects from the branches and leaves of garden crops, destroy winter masonry and spider nests, and use hunting belts.

Many gardeners place special traps in their garden plots to prevent rodents and rats from entering the garden.

Most effective mechanical method pest control in combination with the use of other methods.

The chemical method of controlling pests and diseases is used when other means have not brought the desired result or if the pests have spread throughout the area.

The following chemicals are used:

– insecticides – preparations intended to kill insects;

– fungicides – drugs necessary to combat viral and fungal infections;

– acaricides – drugs that prevent the appearance of ticks in the garden;

– nematicides – preparations intended to kill nematodes;

– molluscicides – preparations that prevent the appearance of slugs in the garden;

– zoocides – preparations intended to kill rodents;

– herbicides are preparations used to control weeds.

In addition, drugs are divided according to the degree of impact on pests into intestinal, which contribute to their poisoning and death, and contact, which causes paralysis. nervous system and cessation of breathing in rodents and insects.

At chemically pest control, it is necessary to accurately calculate the amount of the drug used and ensure that the product used is evenly distributed on the branches and leaves of the plants.

You should not use excessive amounts of chemicals when treating plants, as this causes damage to the leaves and deterioration in the taste of the fruit.

In addition, uneven treatment of plants with chemicals leads to the fact that not all pests are destroyed, conditions are created for them to become accustomed to this product and the formation of species resistant to insecticides.

The use of biological pest control helps maintain the natural balance in the garden.

Many pests have natural enemies, for example, insectivorous birds, bats, hedgehogs, frogs, lizards, which prevent their spread and regulate their numbers.

Garden care or summer cottage plot must necessarily include preventive measures against pests, and if they appear, control measures. Timely spraying with medications will reduce the risk of plant infection and preserve fruit and ornamental crops.

To control pests, gardeners use a variety of sprayers, with the help of which the preparations are evenly distributed throughout the plants. At the same time, one should not forget about using protective equipment(respirators, masks, etc.) that protect against the harmful effects of insecticidal preparations.

Special sprayers are designed to make it easier to cover large areas. They provide uniform droplet spraying of liquid, which helps to quickly rid plants of pests.

Small manual and pneumatic constant pressure sprayers are used to treat horticultural crops with insecticidal preparations.

Many gardeners use ordinary plastic bottles with small holes in the cork as a sprayer.

The mechanisms have built-in special pumps that provide optimal pressure and spray tips.

In small areas, small portable sprayers weighing from 0.9 to 6 kg can be used. The design of such devices includes a piston pneumatic pump, which creates pressure in the tank. The disadvantage of sprayers is their small capacity and low corrosion resistance.

Portable sprayer

Backpack sprayers are divided into pneumatic ones, the principle of which is that the liquid is displaced using compressed air, and diaphragm, working by compressing liquid by elastic plates.

Significant disadvantages of these devices are their heavy weight, low resistance to corrosion and significant expenditure of physical effort during use.

Particular attention should be paid to the sprayers of the OPR-12 and OPP-8 series, in the manufacture of which plastic and non-ferrous metal are used.

The mechanism of these sprayers is equipped with a device for regulating the jet of sprayed liquid. In addition, the device has a long hose, a safety valve, and soft back and shoulder pads that make the spraying process easier for the gardener.

Backpack sprayer

When using chemicals to control pests, the following rules must be observed:

2. You should not use chemicals during the flowering period of the plant, as this leads to the death of the flowers and the pollinators beneficial insects. Treatment with the drug should be carried out in calm weather in the evening or in the morning.

3. Treatment of horticultural crops should begin with upper tiers, gradually moving to the lower ones. In addition, you need to protect the vegetables below from contact with the chemical solution by covering them with film.

4. When treating plants with chemicals, the characteristics of each crop should be taken into account. For example, it is recommended to process cabbage after the final formation of a head of cabbage. In addition, the gardener needs to know that the use of chemicals to control pests of radishes, dill, and lettuce is prohibited.

Work in the garden requires enormous physical effort, but it is not always possible to do it efficiently if you use the wrong tool.

Every gardener and gardener needs to know why exactly this or that tool is needed, and for
what kind of work it is intended for. Without knowing the gardening tools, you can mistakenly cause harm, so you need to become more familiar with the tools.

Everyone who works on the land must know what garden tools there are.
Now stores offer a huge amount of inventory. To figure it out
what exactly is needed for full-fledged work, you should get to know
necessary tools.

Gardening tools that no gardener or gardener can do without,
even an experienced one has several names.
Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to such a tool as a hand gardener.

• pruner
• garden knife
• garden scissors
• trimmer
• hedge trimmer or lopper

These are the most necessary equipment for working with plants. Without using them
high-quality plant care is simply impossible even in the most small area.
To understand what each tool is designed for, you need to learn more about its functions.

Saw

An indispensable tool for working with fruit and berry bushes and. It can be used to trim bush branches with a diameter of 3 cm or more.

There are 2 types of saws:

• saw - hacksaw - used to remove branches without causing damage
  tree trunk and crown
• bow saw - it is used to remove branches with a diameter of more than 8 cm.

Secateurs

It is used for cutting not too thick branches or woody shoots.
In addition, pruning shears can be used when harvesting with.
This is a convenient method and completely safe for the plant.

Secateurs are:

• Universal pruners - for trimming branches of bushes and trees.
• Shrub pruners - for removing bush branches.
• Each gardener chooses how to choose garden pruners at his own discretion.

Garden knife

Used when working with the barrel. They can delete everything that does not have its own
values ​​in plant life

The knife happens:

• simple garden - it is used to remove unnecessary growth and tree branches
• grafting - cleans the wounds of the tree trunk.

Garden shears are used to trim bushes and remove unnecessary or
damaged branches on them. They can also be used for cutting grass,
hard-to-reach places where a trimmer cannot handle.

For example, under the bushes themselves, in such places it is convenient to trim the grass
scissors so as not to damage the crown of the bushes with another tool.
Scissors may vary in size and shape, but they have a variety of uses.
one and the same.

Trimmer

Most necessary tool from all electrical equipment. He can handle it
jobs where a lawn mower can't handle. In addition, with its help, the infield
the site will always have an attractive and well-groomed appearance.

Loppers are used for pruning trees. There are 4 types of loppers:

• medium – tools are additionally equipped with a power drive,
  for trimming excess branches
• large – loppers are equipped with a drive for cutting very large branches
• flat – small loppers for trimming small branches
• contact with power drive - used for cutting any branches of medium
  and small thickness, except for the largest

If you choose the right tool, you won’t have to remove branches from trees and bushes.
causing them no harm.

How to choose tools

The main task of gardening tools is to speed up work in the garden. Each personal plot is individual.
Therefore, different tools are needed. Based on the characteristics of the plantings, you need to select equipment. If there are more shrubs and trees in the garden, tools
it is necessary to select for working specifically with these crops. But we must not forget,
that all equipment in work should be convenient, this is of no small importance.

And in order for the garden tool to serve for a long time and faithfully on the plot,
It is necessary to purchase only high-quality tools.

Where to store garden tools

Storage of garden tools implies a room where they will be
keep all the tools until the next planting season.

The most optimal place is a closed, ventilated outbuilding with a low temperature. But if there is no such building on the site yet, you can build it yourself
protective awning.

To make an awning yourself, it is best to use
synthetic material. It helps protect against precipitation and repels rodents in
cold period of time.

It is not recommended to store equipment in a room with high humidity. In this case
they may rust or be completely damaged. In addition, after the latest work
on the site, all tools must be prepared for the winter period. That is
clean off soil residues, sort out power tools, drain oil and gasoline.

Every gardener and gardener wants to improve and decorate his
the site was admired. This requires a lot of effort. But if it's right
choosing high-quality gardening tools, the work can only seem like a joy.

The most necessary gardening tools and equipment are on video:

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  When is it necessary to prune fruit trees and how to do it...
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To organize work in the garden and vegetable garden, a summer resident needs special devices that greatly facilitate the work. We offer you a list of gardening tools that may be useful to you in the country. They are all grouped according to their purpose. These are mainly tools for pruning trees and shrubs, cultivators, rakes and various hacksaws.

Garden tool and its photo

Gardeners who have the time, energy and desire to fully enjoy their work have a collection of much-loved and successfully used gardening tools. However, most ordinary people with a garden are likely to find some useful information in the following pages. information for yourself.

Of every four gardeners, three definitely have six of the seven basic tools in their “arsenal” - a shovel, a fork, a rake, a scoop, a mower, a watering can, and for some, perhaps even a pruner. What about all those interesting tools, which abound in the counters of gardening departments in shopping centers.

First, you need to decide what equipment you want to purchase, and then refer to the appropriate section for information on what exactly you should look for before making a purchase. Many instruments are available in different versions, making the work process easier for both elderly and physically disabled people. Sometimes this can mean the difference between being able and not being able to complete certain tasks.

Look at the garden tools in the photos, which are presented in large numbers on this page:

Garden tools

Now that you know what gardening tools you need and what to look for when searching, it's time to head to the mall or DIY store. There you will find a wide selection of products, and you may be jealous bygone days, when there was much less choice of gardening equipment. Today, as always, the gardener has to make a choice among a huge variety of tools.

Of course, you need to be guided by the name of the manufacturer, and the advice of a consultant in the store, and the manufacturer’s advertising, but when purchasing any tool, it is important to make sure that it suits you. You must understand that the weight and size of shovels, forks, hoes, pruners, scissors and so on are appropriate. A shovel that may be ideal for a strong young person may be completely unsuitable for a weak old person.

A well-known name on the handle of a shovel can be a guarantee, but it can also mean a higher cost for the product. With tools, you usually (though not always) get what you pay for, so it's best to avoid suspiciously cheap items, especially if you plan to use the item regularly. For example, regular steel is much cheaper than stainless steel and performs quite well if cared for properly.

After use, they all need to be cleaned to remove dirt, grass, etc., and then, before storing, they are wiped with an oily rag. Don't hold hand tools on the garage or shed floor - hang them on the wall if possible. Keep sharp tools out of the reach of bystanders and children. Turn the lawn mower so that the blades are pointing away from the path. In winter, check to see if they require sharpening.

Hand garden tools and their photos

There are many types of hand cultivators - they are used to cultivate the soil to a depth of 5-8 cm. Most gardeners do not need one - digging with a fork followed by leveling with a rake should be quite enough.

Rake is a ubiquitous hand garden tool, without which many types of work are simply impossible. Many short teeth are set in a horizontal plate. Choose a working part 30 cm wide with 10-14 teeth.

Tine cultivator Can be purchased with removable central tines for loosening along rows. There are models with wheels.

Star wheel cultivator- these are several star wheels with a hoe - pushing it back and forth, you get finely divided soil.

Heavy hoe used to break up the surface of heavy soils. Can be combined with a two-prong cultivator on top.

Garden cutting tools

There always seems to be work involved in pruning in the garden - removing spent blooms, pruning, pruning and trimming branches, etc. This work can be hard work, but you can make it a lot easier if you have the right garden cutting tools . You need to choose the right type cutting tool taking into account the thickness of the wood that will be cut. For example, you will find that some pruners are not comfortable for your hands and needs. Finally, once you decide which tools you want to buy, make sure you choose the best quality you can afford and keep them sharp and clean after use.

Garden pruners and their photos

It is very interesting to watch a skilled gardener use a knife for pruning, budding, etc., but in inexperienced hands it can be a dangerous weapon. If you have not been trained in its use, carry a pocket knife in your pocket for cutting twine, etc., but use pruning shears for cutting stems

Garden pruners vary in size from small ones for cutting flowers to large, heavy-duty types. You only need one pruner - a general purpose model approximately 20cm long. Use them for stems up to 1 cm in diameter.

Straight pruning shears - one pointed blade rests on a flat plate (anvil) when cutting. Always cut down towards the anvil. Cuts with less force than a curved blade type, but the cut may be slightly larger. Look at this pruner in the photo below:

Curved pruner - the pointed blade moves past the wide plate blade. Scissor-type pruner is an alternative name. Typically longer than the anvil type. The most popular type.

Buy this ratchet pruner if you have a weak hand. Only light compression is necessary - the stem is partially cut and the ratchet advances the blade. Another light squeeze deepens the cut - up to 4 squeezes may be necessary.

In order to cut a branch 1-4 cm thick, use pruning shears with a long handle. Handles 45-60 cm long provide additional leverage. There are also loppers with telescopic handles. The garden pruner in the photo with a long handle is shown below:

The main use of garden shears is cutting hedges. Choose scissors with comfortable handles and light blades - using heavy scissors when trimming a long hedge becomes a tedious job.

Trimmer for hedges. A model powered by an electrical outlet is suitable if the fence is not far from the power supply point - otherwise, buy one with battery power. The gasoline model is difficult to work with. The recommended blade length is 45 cm.

Garden hacksaw. When branches are thicker than a broom handle, you need to use a saw rather than a bladed tool. For the occasional branch, you can use a regular saw, but many people prefer curved garden saws.

The main value of a motorized cultivator for a gardener is its ability to dig up a large area of ​​land. If you are going to cultivate a large area, the motor cultivator must be powerful. If this area is small and the main part of the cultivated land is occupied by a lawn and decorative plantings, then the walk-behind tractor may have less power. This will mean less work than digging, but it will also be less thorough. If you buy one, please note that there must be an appropriate range of applications - hoes, picks, bed makers, soil aerators, etc.

Hand tools

A scoop is a necessary tool. It is also used to dig up perennial weeds. Buy stainless steel scoops - one standard size and a small narrow one about 5cm across. Hand forks are the same width as scoops, but have 3-5 short tines instead of a scoop blade. They are used for weeding and loosening the soil around plants. Choose a fork with flat tines - other shapes have disadvantages. Hand forks are not as necessary as a scoop.

There are many tools for working with one hand - scissors, the handles of which are squeezed with the palm of your hand, a grabber for cuttings, etc., which is controlled by pressing a lever. This is a boon for people who are limited to using only one hand, but is more tedious than using the two-handed versions of these tools.

Having to bend over to pick up pruners, twine, trowels, etc. can be tiring - consider wearing a gardening belt or carrying a bag to carry small tools while moving around inside the garden. The minimum you should have is a pruner sheath to keep both hands free when pruning when you are not cutting branches. This bag or belt is made from canvas and fits approximately a 10 liter bucket - the pockets can hold gloves, seeds, pruning shears, rope, hand fork, etc.

Much gardening work involves using short-handled tools and working on all fours. For many people, this is not possible due to age or physical disabilities, and for them there are several models of long-handled scoops, forks, cultivators, etc. They usually purchase one handle with a set of interchangeable attachments.

Bulb planting device

Scoop is the most popular instrument for planting and it is better to use it if the bulbs have the most different diameters. A bulb planter is often recommended, but is only a preferable alternative if certain conditions are met. The soil should be moist and not sandy, and the bulbs should be planted at approximately the same depth. A model with a long handle is chosen so that there is no need to bend over. The device is pressed into the soil with your foot, and the soil is removed from the drill using a hand lever.

Storing tools at the dacha

Too often, tools are left leaning against the wall and on the garage floor or under a shed when not in use. A lot of time is wasted searching the right tool, when there is work for him to do and there is also a danger of stepping on rakes, hoes, etc. It is much better to attach tool holders made of galvanized or polymer-coated steel to the wall. You can organize tool storage in your dacha using racks and shelves.