Bronzovka hairy (Alenka hairy): how to fight? Destroys all the color on fruit trees and bushes in a matter of hours, thereby leaving gardeners without a future harvest. The fight against Alenka shaggy is difficult. What does Alenka furry love? "Feast" (apply substantial harm) Alenka hairy comes to the surface during the flowering of dandelions and coltsfoot. Then it begins to eat petals and stamens on tulips, irises, daffodils, magnolias, peonies. And when the flowering of apple trees, apricots, cherries, cherries, pears, peaches and other stone fruits begins, strawberries fly over to them. How to deal with Alenka hairy? 1. The fight must begin even before the flowering of the garden - soil treatment with chemicals under the trees. 2. When Alenka hairy appears, treat the soil with hexachloran dust (deepen chemical drug to a depth of 3-5 cm). When the pest penetrates the soil at night, there will be a collision with a pesticide and, as a result, death. However, this method was used back in the distant 50s, now such use is environmentally friendly. hazardous substances unacceptable. 3. Make birdhouses on the site, attract and lure birds - a great way to deal with Alenka hairy, one of the key pest control methods. The lovers of this pest are the common starling, magpie, rooks, oriole, hoopoe, cones funnel and others. 4. Collecting bronze beetles by hand is very effective method struggle, but difficult with a mass appearance. 5. Shaking off trees onto a tarp or polyethylene film with further destruction. Water the tree before shaking cold water so that the bronze beetles settle down and cannot take off. 6. One of the less effective measures in the fight is spraying trees with insecticides, since jumping should be done during the day, when the pest is on the trees, and many drugs are forbidden to use when high temperature and under the influence of sunlight. Gardeners can process trunk circles insecticides when the beetles are inactive (early morning, cool weather). 7. Spray up to three times every 7 days with preparations aimed at combating the Colorado potato beetle (Aktara). 8. Experiments of scientists have shown that Alyonka is attracted to furry blue color so make traps. Near each tree, you can put a blue container with water diluted with actara 240SC, decis pro or calypso 480SC. Calypso 480SC can be sprayed on trees if there are a small number of Alenok on it. Just do not dress in blue yourself, there is a chance that you yourself will become the object of invasion! In practice, this method of dealing with Alenka shaggy causes conflicting reviews. However, it is worth recognizing the fact that there is still NO “magic pill” in the fight against Alenka shaggy, the pest can be compared with Tatar-Mongol yoke(they flew in, ate, flew away).
Alenka hairy (Olenka hairy)
Over the past five years, hairy Alenka (Epicometis hitra Poda) has become one of the most numerous and harmful species in plantations of fruit, berry crops and grapes in the eastern and central regions of Ukraine. Previously, it harmed gardens mainly in the steppe zone, although it could be found throughout the country.
The outbreak of its reproduction is associated with a change in the rhythm solar activity. The influence of this and other factors on the development of the pest was taken as the basis scientific research, which were held at the Mlievsky Institute of Horticulture named after L.P. Simirenko UAAS during 2000-2005. Hairy Alenka beetles overwinter in the soil at a depth of 15-40 cm. At the end of the second or third decade of April, when the average daily air temperature reaches 14.4 ° C and above, and the air humidity is 63-85%, their years begin. At this time, medicinal dandelion, common mother and stepmother, small periwinkle and grassy periwinkle bloom. Settlement fruit crops starts with the "pink bud" phase and continues throughout the flowering period. Beetles intensively damage flowers fruit trees(95-100%) and herbaceous plants(90-98%) growing in the garden. At night, the beetles hide in the soil to a depth of 1 cm. At the end of the flowering of fruit crops, Alenka hairy flies to cereal plants growing around the perimeter of the garden and in the territories adjacent to it, mainly on creeping couch grass (65.9%), wild oats (9 .6%), combined hedgehog (6.8%), chicken millet (4.2%) gray and green foxtails (4.8 and 4.9%). Massive years lasts until mid-June, individual beetles - until mid-August. From the first decade to the end of June, females lay their eggs in the soil. Their main part is concentrated at a distance of up to 200 m from orchards, in unplowed areas and along roads next to orchards and in orchards where agrotechnical processing has not been carried out. The larvae remain in the soil until the end of August - beginning of September and feed on plant debris. Pupation begins in late August and lasts until mid-October. After 14-22 days, young beetles appear, which remain in the soil for the winter. So, as the results of the research showed, one of the factors in the growth of the number of hairy Alenka on the territory of Ukraine is the increase in uncultivated areas, in particular near perennial plantations, littered primarily with cereal species, the expansion of the food base of beetles due to the color of wild herbs. The use of most known insecticides in the "rosebud" - flowering phases is not possible due to their toxicity to bees. Therefore, our attention was drawn to the drug Calypso 480 k.e. as a means of combating hairy Lenka. Due to the peculiarities of its mechanism of action, it is of little danger to bees and, moreover, it is the only insecticide in the national "List of pesticides .." allowed for use in gardens during flowering. At a consumption rate of 0.25 l / ha, it high efficiency lasted for 25 days (from the beginning of bud opening to the end of flowering). Damage to flowers by Alenka shaggy did not exceed 1.2-1.9%, at the same time there was a western May beetle - 0.4-1%, the death of caterpillars of leafworms, aphids, leafhoppers, psyllids reached 100%. The yield of apple and pear compared to the control (without treatment) increased by 137-170.1 centners / ha and 143-173 centners / ha, respectively
This spring, a malicious pest appeared in Ukraine - the hairy Alenka beetle (Volokhata deer or bronze beetle). Destroys all the color on fruit trees and bushes in a matter of hours, thereby leaving gardeners without a future harvest.
The fight against Alenka shaggy is difficult.
As scientists suggest, the birthplace of this pest is Asia. In connection with the change climatic conditions behind recent times the habitat of Alenka hairy has become huge: the southern region of the European part of Russia, then its movement is observed in the northern part ( Voronezh region), Kazakhstan, Ukraine and others.
In Ukraine, the invasion of Alenka shaggy to a greater extent was seen in the steppe and forest-steppe zone.
Biological information about Alenka hairy (Bronzovka beetle)
Bronzovka beetle from the genus May beetles. In winter, it lives in the soil, where it sleeps at night and hides from rain and cold. Does not eat plant roots. Feeds on plant debris and humus.
Hairy Alenka is only 8-13 mm long and 6-8 mm wide. The body is covered with hairs and white spots on the elytra. Touching the beetle will appear bad smell from the secreted yellow liquid.
What does Alenka furry like?
“To feast on” (cause significant harm) Alenka hairy comes to the surface during the flowering of dandelions and coltsfoot. Then it begins to eat petals and stamens on tulips, irises, daffodils, magnolias, peonies. And when the flowering of apple trees, apricots, cherries, cherries, pears, peaches and other stone fruits begins, strawberries fly over to them.
Fight with Alenka hairy
The fight must begin even before the garden blooms - soil treatment with chemicals under the trees.
However, it is worth recognizing the fact that there is still NO “magic pill” in the fight against Alenka shaggy, the pest can be compared with the Tatar-Mongol yoke (they flew in, ate, flew away).
Alenka hairy - the most numerous and harmful species in plantations of fruit, berry crops and grapes in the eastern and central regions of Ukraine. It was previously thought that this species brings the greatest harm gardens of the steppe zone, although it was found throughout Ukraine. The outbreaks of this pest, as well as many other representatives of a number of beetles, can be explained by the theory of cyclic population dynamics, which is associated with the rhythm of the sun's energy hitting the earth's surface, which determines the daily, seasonal and long-term variability of the entire physical environment, including the number of insects.
Hairy Alenka beetles overwinter in the soil at a depth of 15-40 cm (about 85% of the entire population). The beetle is black, densely covered with gray hairs with white spots on the elytra, 10-12 mm long. At an average daily air temperature of 14.2 ° C and above and an average air humidity of 62.7-84.6%, the beetles begin to emerge from the soil (the beginning of the pest's summer), which is traditionally observed at the end of the second - third decade of April during the flowering of herbaceous plants: Dandelion officinalis (75% of total species composition plants), coltsfoot (15%), periwinkle herbaceous and periwinkle lesser (10%).
The colonization of plantings of fruit crops begins with the phase of a rosebud and lasts throughout the flowering of trees.
It was established that the plantations were colonized by the hairy alenka pest both on the periphery and in the center of the massif. Beetles flew to flowering fruit trees on warm sunny days at air temperatures above 15.6 ° C and relative humidity air 72.6-81.9%, eating out the anthers and pistil from the flowers, nibbling the petals. The number of pest Alenka hairy reached 0.3 ind./flower. Beetles partially damaged young leaves.
We did not notice a particular advantage of the food base of this pest: damage to the flowers of trees and herbaceous plants that grew in the garden was intense and amounted to 95.6-99.9% and 90.4-97.8%, respectively.
In the evening (after 20.00 and later) and on cold nights, the beetles of the alenka hid in the ground to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm.
When the fruit trees faded, Alenka flew to the cereal plants growing in the garden and along its perimeter and on the territories adjacent to it, and populated them. The years of rare beetles were observed until mid-August, and the massive one lasted until mid-June.
In the same places, she laid her eggs in the soil, and this continued from the first ten days until the end of June. The main part of the eggs laid by the hairy Alenka (86.7-94.6%) concentrated at a distance of 0-200 m from the orchards (in the case when there were unplowed areas near the plantations, where during recent years did not cultivate the soil) or along the perimeter of the roads near the plantations, and even in the garden, where agrotechnical processing was carried out.
The larvae lived in the soil until the end of August - beginning of September and fed on plant debris. Pupation of Alenka mozhnataya took place at the end of August - until mid-September. After 14-22 days, young beetles appeared, which remained to winter in the soil until the next spring.
Thus, one of the significant factors in the increase in the number of this species on the territory of Ukraine, and, accordingly, its harmfulness, is the direct impact of human activity, namely: an increase in the area of unplowed land infested with weeds, primarily cereal species, especially in perennial plantations. Such mismanagement expands the food base for hairy alenka during flowering (wild herbaceous species, and then fruit plants) and pest larvae in the second half of the growing season.
Because the flowers are herbaceous and fruit plants is a source of nectar for bees and others beneficial species, it is impossible to use many well-known insecticides in the pink bud-flowering phase.
How to deal with Alenka hairy: chemical protection
Our attention was attracted by the drug Calypso 480 SC, k.s., - systemic insecticide, highly efficient active substance which - thiacloprid - has a contact and intestinal effect. Due to the special mechanism of action, the preparation for the fight against hairy alenka can be used at any time, because it is completely safe for bees. It is the only insecticide that can be used during flowering in commercial perennials. It is registered in the current national "List of pesticides ...".
For several years, we have studied the effectiveness of Calypso 480 SC, k.s. in the process of fighting in industrial plantations of apple trees with hairy alenka and other pests in the flowering phase.
The apple orchard was founded in 1986. Planting density - 5x4 m. Crown shape - round, sparse, tiered. Trees of varieties Glory to the winners and Renet Simirenko. The rootstock is a seedling of the Antonovka variety. The terrain is flat, the soil on the site is low-humus, typically leached chernozem (humus content - 3.1-3.5%, pH - 5.6-6.2; P2O5 - 8-39 mlg / 100 g of soil; K2O - 6, 2-11.9 ml/100 g of soil).
The trees were sprayed in the pink bud phase (Renet Simirenko cultivar) and in the flowering phase (Slava Pobeda cultivar) with an OPS-2000 tractor sprayer in calm weather from 12:00 to 15:00, when there was no precipitation. The consumption rate of the working solution for the fight against hairy Alyonka is 1000 l/ha.
During the entire time (about 25 days), from the beginning of the bud to the end of the flowering of fruit trees (with a consumption rate of 0.25 l / ha), this drug destroyed many pests in the garden. Thus, damage to flowers of fruit trees by hairy alenka did not exceed 1.2-1.9%, by western May beetle - 1.6-2.1%; the death of caterpillars of leafworms, aphids, rosan leafhopper, psyllids reached 100%. Damage to buds and flowers of trees by the apple flower beetle did not exceed 0.4-0.9%, and damage to fruits by the apple and pear fruit sawflies was 0.9-1.2%.
The use of this method of combating hairy alenka made it possible to obtain an increase in the yield of apples and pears (compared to the control without treatment with the drug) by 137.2-168.4 centners/ha and 142.6-172.9 centners/ha, respectively.
Biological method of dealing with Alenka hairy
These results indicate that biological preparations were the main cause of the death of almost all stages of the development of the pest. Long-term contact (more than 6 months) of entomopathogenic fungi with alenka adults led to the death of 74.8-83.6% of the population. Sharp changes in air temperature and humidity destabilize the physiological state of the population, which caused its massive infection with entomopathogens.
Since only one generation of alenka develops during the growing season, treatment with preparations is carried out once during the period of mass migration of adults into the soil. This method of dealing with Alenka shaggy is quite technological, the drugs are characterized by an indifferent effect in relation to entomophages, which is integral part ecosystems, they are non-toxic to entomophages and pollinating insects. This indicates the prospects of using this method to protect perennial plantations from hairy alenka.
Y. Yanovsky, Dr. S.-Kh. Sciences,
Mleevsky Institute of Horticulture named after L. P. Simirenka UAAS
