In spring and in the first half of summer there is an active growth of plants. Proteins are built from nitrogen, due to them the plant grows.
Overwintered perennials initially grow at the expense of nutrient reserves accumulated in bulbs, rhizomes and roots. But already at the first stages of growth, they need nitrogen. Therefore, during the period of snow melting, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 20-30 g/m2. under bulbous and 10-15 g/m5 under other perennials. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are recommended to be applied in autumn or spring, during the first loosening of the soil, at 50-60 g / m2 of phosphorus and 20-30 g / m2 of phosphorus. potassium.
The second top dressing with nitrogen is carried out 3 weeks after the first, 20-30 g / m2.
The third dressing is barked during the period of budding or flowering with a complete mineral fertilizer in the form of a solution containing 10 g of nitrogen, 30 phosphorus and 20 potassium fertilizers per 1 sq. m. flower garden.
In autumn, for all perennials, top dressing is required; per 1 sq.m. flower garden should account for 10 g of nitrogen, 50-60 g of phosphorus and 30 g of potash fertilizers.
This is the general scheme for applying mineral fertilizers when caring for flower beds. However, it is advisable to differentiate the doses of fertilizers depending on the biological characteristics of plants.
So, bulbous plants (hyacinths, tulips, daffodils) are plants with a short nitrogen-catalytic period of nutrition, absorbing nutrients in the fall, from the moment new roots form and intra-bulb development. Soil preparation for bulbs is carried out 1.5-2 months before planting with the application of organic fertilizers (8-10 kg / sq. M.), A full dose of phosphorus and potassium (6-9 g / Sq. m. Each type) and a half dose nitrogen (4.5-6 g). In the spring, when sprouts appear, under tulips, daffodils make nitrogen supplements 10-15 g / mg of ammonium nitrate, under hyacinths - nitrogen and potassium at 6 g / m2. flower garden.
Under lilies, it is recommended to make annually 8-10 kg / m2. organic fertilizers (leafy soil), and at the age of 3-4 years, mineral supplements with a total annual dose of nitrogen 9, phosphorus 9 and potassium 12 g / m2. flower garden. The first feeding is carried out at the beginning of spring growth with nitrogen (3 g / sq. m.), the 2nd - during the period of strong vegetative growth with nitrogen (3 g / sq. m.) and potassium (6 g / sq. m.); 3rd - during the period of budding with a mixture of fertilizers - nitrogen and phosphorus, 3 g each and potassium 6 g / sq. m. phosphorus.
When caring for peonies, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers should be done according to the following scheme: the first - during the period when sprouts appear (nitrogen); the second - during the budding period (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); the third - at the beginning of flowering (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); the fourth - a month after the start of flowering (phosphorus, potassium). The norms of fertilizers applied under peonies depend on the age of the plants: for 2-3-year-olds, the dose of total fertilizer is 12 g, and from 4 years old - 16-18 g a.i. each element by 1 and 1.
Korean chrysanthemums also need mineral supplements: at the beginning of growth - nitrogen, before budding - phosphorus and potassium. It is recommended to apply in liquid form 1.5 g of a mixture of fertilizers per 10 liters of water.
Irises require three dressings: the first - during the period of sprouts, the second - a month after the first (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); the third - after flowering (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). The total dose is 6-9 g / m2. Top dressing should be applied in liquid form, as the rhizome is very superficial. Irises do not tolerate lime.
Why is it necessary to behave differently in spring and summer in clear sunny weather?
Even though it's colder outside in spring than in summer, sun exposure can also be harmful to your health. The spring sun is practically no different from the summer sun.
The difference between spring and summer sunshine
After a long frosty winter, everyone wants to swim in the sun. A huge number of people strive to get a "sunshine vitamin" in the spring. But everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance. This is all because people consider the spring sun absolutely safe and harmless. That is why we practically do not use products for protection against rays, such as cream. But in fact, the spring sun radiates no less. When ultraviolet rays of the sun hit your defenseless skin, they can burn and lead to various skin diseases. Also, everyone knows that in no case should you look at the sun for a long time, this can lead to burns of the eye shell. Despite all of the above, it is still not worth spending time at home all the time. The sun's rays are rich in vitamin D, which is essential for our body. In order to replenish the supply of this very vitamin, which the body lacked in winter, you need to spend as much time as possible in the fresh air and walk in nature. And of course, do not forget the precautions and protection.
Sun exposure precautions
In order to avoid unpleasant consequences and burns, the following rules should be followed.
- First of all, you should use creams that can protect your skin from solar radiation.
- In order to avoid getting sunstroke, wear hats (caps, panamas, etc.).
- Never be in the open sun, try to be in the shade more often.
- Use sunglasses, which should be purchased from pharmacies or specialized stores.
- Stay under the open sun as little as possible when it is at its zenith.
I've always been the type of person who thinks the sun does the most damage in summer time. But what was my surprise when I received my first sunburn in the spring. Why did this happen, and how should one behave in clear weather in order to avoid that danger that holds within spring and summer sun?
How is the spring sun different from the summer sun
After a cold winter, you really want to enjoy the pleasant warm rays of the sun. Therefore, many people go out in the spring to receive the necessary vitamin D. But is everything so simple? The problem is that many people are confident in the safety of the spring sun, so they neglect sunscreen. In fact, the spring sun radiates no less ultraviolet than summer. Getting on unprotected skin, it can provoke it premature aging, burns and various diseases. Do not forget that ultraviolet also enters the retina, which can lead to its burn. But this does not mean that in clear weather you need to sit at home and wait for the sun to go down. In the spring, subject to all safety rules, it is advisable to spend as much time as possible in the sun to replenish supply of vitamins, which were so lacking in the winter.
How to protect yourself from the harmful effects of the sun
You can avoid unpleasant consequences by following certain precautions:
By following these basic rules, you can save yourself from unpleasant consequences while enjoying clear weather.
From the beginning of spring, people involved in gardening begin a hot season. Some plants are sown at home as early as early March, so that they have time to get stronger by the time they are planted in open ground in May - June, when the earth warms up properly. We are talking mainly about heat-loving species, whose homeland is warmer latitudes than those in which they are sown by people. Tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, and many other plants familiar to the gardener are sown in advance, at the very beginning of spring.
But shrubs and fruit seedlings are also planted mainly in spring. Why do people act this way? People who are not too keen on gardening and horticulture may well have such a question.
Solar activity and heat
In autumn, experienced people do not even plant onions on the windowsill. And all because the short daylight hours do not contribute to photosynthesis and vegetation of the plant. Germination, and even more so, flowering, fruiting require strength from him. The sun gives energy to plants. When it is not enough, it is necessary either to create artificial lighting, or to refuse to grow plants. In most cases, people simply postpone such tasks to a more favorable time for this. At the end of winter, daylight hours are rapidly increasing, solar energy becomes sufficient, and the first seeds can be sown. In most regions of Russia, snow still lies at this time, so the plants are planted in containers and kept at home or on insulated loggias. As soon as the snow melts and the soil warms up enough, it makes sense to check the weather forecast for the coming weeks and make sure that no frost is expected. After that, the plants can be planted in open ground.
Can plants be planted in summer?
Spring is a favorable time when plants have enough solar activity, and melted snow provides a sufficient amount of moisture. Therefore, it is better to plant plants in the spring - they take root well, tolerate the stress of transplanting more easily, and grow vigorously. Many crops can be planted in the summer, providing additional watering if necessary. Fertilizers play an important role, you should not forget about them either. But in summer, the transplant is more traumatic, and the seeds show a lower percentage of germination. In addition, crops planted in the summer may not have time to bring a harvest. It takes quite a long time for the fruits to ripen, and summer in Russia passes quickly.
Cucumbers planted in the form of seeds immediately in the ground will not have time to bear fruit if they are planted in late spring or summer. But the plants planted in containers in early spring will have time to go through the growing season, fertilize and provide the gardener with a good harvest.
Why are some shrubs and trees planted in autumn?
If we talk about fruit trees and berry bushes, some ornamental plants - for example, a rose, then they can be planted in the fall. In this case, they work with seedlings in late autumn, but not before frost, so that they have at least a week or two to adapt and prepare for winter. During this time, the plants have time to gain a foothold in the ground, then they simply hibernate under the snow. If wintering goes well, buds bloom in spring at shrubs or trees.
When planted in the fall, a perennial plant gets more time to adapt, which means it will bloom and bear fruit a season earlier than its counterparts planted in the spring. The practice of gardeners shows that in some cases autumn planting is more effective than spring planting. But there is a risk of plant death from frost or lack of moisture. When planting in autumn, seedlings should be insulated for the winter, although each variety has its own recommendations.
Interesting fact: other crops are sown in autumn. In particular, there are plantings of wheat, called winter wheat - they are just sown in the fall. Many farms use both winter and spring planting methods, selecting crops for which one or another sowing option is recommended.
Thus, plants are planted in the spring due to the fact that they take root better during this period. The spring sun gives them energy for germination and vegetation, and then they have the whole summer for flowering and fruiting. Spring planting is most promising for those who want to get a big harvest, or grow beautiful flowers. In northern latitudes, you have to start growing seedlings at home, because spring does not provide enough heat for planting in the ground.
But despite all the inconvenience that may be associated with this, gardeners still adhere to this scheme for heat-loving plants and for crops that need a long time to form fruits. The spring sun powerfully spurs the vegetation, and plant lovers do not want to miss this favorable period.
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