Violet tricolor - application and cultivation. Pansies - beautiful, like in a fairy tale! What garden plant does tricolor violet look like?

In the article we discuss tricolor violet. You will find out what it looks like, where the violet grows, what its chemical composition is. We will tell you what medicinal properties violet has, as well as how to use infusions and decoctions to treat cough, diathesis and rheumatism.

Appearance (photo) tricolor violet Viola tricolor or pansies (lat. Víola trícolor) is a herbaceous plant common in Europe and temperate regions of Asia. The plant belongs to the species of the genus Violet of the Violet family.

The popular name is Ivan da Marya, but this is also the name of plants of other genera, for example, oak maryannik (Melampyrum nemorosum) from the Norichnikov family. Other popular names for the plant: brother-and-sister, moths, field brothers, half-flower, axes, three-flower.

In horticulture, Wittrock's hybrid violet (Viola x wittrockiana Gams ex Hegi), which has larger, brighter flowers, is also often called pansies.

What does it look like

Violet tricolor is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant. The stem is straight or branched, in height from 5 to 45 cm. The leaves are simple, the upper ones are elliptical, the lower ones are ovate.

The flowers are beautiful, the upper petals are mostly purple or blue, the lower ones are yellow and white. Flowering time is in April, fruits ripen in June.

In June, an elongated three-headed top of the plant ripens, storing seeds in itself that contribute to the further reproduction of the flower. Violet tricolor is much smaller than the usual garden counterpart and is always painted in three different colors.

Where does it grow

The plant is common in Eastern Europe, Siberia, the Far East, Scandinavia, Asia Minor. In the Atlas of Areas and Resources of Medicinal Plants of the USSR, tricolor violet is described as a European species, found in Siberia only as an adventive plant.

The northern border of the distribution area extends to the cities of Kirovsk, Murmansk, Kandalaksha, the White Sea, Ponoi (Kola Peninsula), Mezen, Ukhta, Pechora, Vorkuta. Further, the border goes along the 60th meridian to Yekaterinburg, wedging in the east near Tobolsk. Separate locations are known in the vicinity of Tomsk, in the Kemerovo region, Krasnoyarsk and Altai regions, where tricolor violet is found as a weed.

The southern border of the range passes through Chelyabinsk to Izhevsk, then through Samara, Saratov, Volgograd, somewhat south of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, goes to Rostov-on-Don, then follows through Donetsk to Zaporozhye and the Carpathians.

In the west, the border of the range goes beyond the former state border of the USSR. In the north-west it goes to the coast of the Baltic Sea, along the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland it reaches St. Petersburg, then it goes north along the border with Finland to Murmansk.

In the Crimea, only one location of the violet is known - in the valley of the Kacha River.

It occurs on fertile soils in meadows, among shrubs, along forest edges, pastures and old fallows. Wild plants can be found in old parks, gardens, former estates, near roads.

violet grass

Violet tricolor herb is mainly used as a medicinal raw material, occasionally the flowers of the plant. Due to its unique composition, the plant can be used to treat a wide range of diseases.

The scope of violet is determined depending on the specific part of the plant. The leaves are used as various poultices, and the flowers are used for tinctures. In traditional medicine, violet is used as an expectorant, and in folk medicine, the plant is used in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases, nervous diseases, cystitis, arthritis, stuttering, problems of the gastrointestinal tract and angina pectoris.

Violet tricolor is used for dental purposes, prevents inflammation and has an antiseptic effect. In pharmacies, violet is sold in the form of various syrups, extracts, gelatin capsules and powders.

Chemical composition

The chemical composition of violets:

• calcium;
• magnesium;
• copper;
• polysaccharides, mucus;
• tannins;
• alkaloids;
• flavonoids;
• saponins;
• essential oils;
• ascorbic and salicylic acids;
• solanine;
• tannin.

Violet has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, reduces the fragility of capillaries, inhibits blood clotting, and prevents the development of thrombophlebitis.

Solanine, which is part of the plant, has an irritating effect, in small doses it has a positive effect on the secretion of all glands.

Tannin is used in traditional and folk medicine as a hemostatic, antidiarrheal, astringent. Polysaccharides stimulate the development of beneficial microflora in the intestines, have a bifidogenic property.

Medicinal properties

The medicinal properties of tricolor violet have been known since ancient times. Violet grass is used in the treatment of rheumatism and gout as decoctions, infusions or compresses. After several applications, the plant relieves inflammation, pain syndrome, improves the general condition.

Pharmachologic effect:

• expectorant;
• anti-inflammatory;
• diuretic;
• antiseptic;
• choleretic;
• wound healing;
• soothing;
• antipruritic.

How to collect

Harvest the grass during the flowering period from late April to autumn. Cut off only the aerial part without roots.

Dry the grass in a well-ventilated area, such as outdoors under a shed. For even drying, spread the grass in a thin layer on a flat surface. Dry until the stems of the plant become brittle. To dry the grass evenly, mix the raw materials periodically.

Properly dried grass has a characteristic pleasant and sweet aroma. Store the violet in a dry place in a sturdy cardboard box. Subject to storage conditions, violet does not lose its useful properties for 18 months.

How to apply

Violet can be bought at the pharmacy Apply violet in the form of infusions, decoctions or compresses. Ready-made raw materials can be collected independently or purchased in the form of tea bags at a pharmacy. Choose the dosage form of the plant, based on the recommendations of a specialist and your own preferences. It is easiest to prepare a decoction of violets at home, as well as purchase ready-made, packaged raw materials.

Decoction for cough

Violet for cough is an effective remedy, but before taking it, you need to establish the nature of the origin of the symptom. Inflammatory processes localized in the upper and lower respiratory tract cannot be treated with one remedy.

If the cough is due to a bacterial infection, an antibiotic is needed; if it was provoked by a virus, conditions must be created for recovery. But in both cases, medicinal plants will help to alleviate the condition and speed up recovery.

Ingredients:

1. Chopped violet grass - 1 tbsp.
2. Water - 1 glass.

How to cook: Fill the plant with water, boil for 15 minutes. Leave for 1 hour, strain before use.

How to use: Take 1 glass of decoction orally 1-2 times a day.

Result: Violet when coughing has an expectorant effect, removes phlegm. If the cough is dry, and there are discomfort in the throat, then due to the softening effect, the plant will alleviate the condition.

Infusion from the flu

Violet is effective in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, acute respiratory infections and other colds.

Ingredients:

1. Violet grass - 2 gr.
2. Water - 1 glass.

How to cook: Fill the plant with water, leave for 15 minutes.

How to use: Take ½ cup by mouth once a day. Gargle with the resulting infusion for flu, sore throat and inflammatory diseases.

Result: Due to the fact that ascorbic and salicylic acids are present in the composition of the plant, violet relieves inflammation, eliminates pain and aching pain in the joints, improves the general condition.

Healing tea for diathesis

Violet for children is very useful in the treatment of diathesis. Start treatment with minimal doses to see how the child's body reacts to the plants.

Before use in both adults and children, consult a specialist. Violet belongs to poisonous plants and if the dosage is incorrectly chosen, it can harm.

Ingredients:

1. Violet tricolor - 1 tsp
2. Veronica officinalis - 1 tsp
3. Series - 1 tsp
4. Boiling water - 1 cup.

How to cook: Mix all plants in the indicated proportions, fill with water. Rest for a few minutes.

How to use: Give children 1 tsp. 3 times a day.

Result: Relieves inflammation, itching, redness.

Infusion for rheumatism and gout

The infusion can be used both internally and externally.

Ingredients:

1. Crushed raw materials - 2 tsp
2. Boiled water - 250 ml.

How to cook: Pour the plant with hot boiled water. Insist 10 minutes.

How to use: Take 3 cups every day or lubricate the skin on the affected areas of the body.

Result: Removes excess salts from the body, has a diuretic effect, relieves inflammation, improves metabolic processes, normalizes the general condition.

Contraindications

Despite the medicinal properties of the plant, there are contraindications for tricolor violet when used. Violet should be used with caution in nursing women. During the period of bearing a child, it is impossible to take violet, as it increases the tone of the uterus.

Contraindications to the use of the plant:

• individual intolerance;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hepatitis and glomerulonephritis.

Side effects:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• weakness.

For more information about tricolor violet, see the video:

Classification

Taxonomic position:

• Domain - Eukaryotes.
• Kingdom - Plants.
• Department - Flowering.
• Class - Bipartite.
• Order - Malpighian.
• Family - Violet.
• Rod - Violet.
• View - Violet tricolor.

Varieties

There are five subspecies of tricolor violet:

• Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii is a subspecies of curtis.
• Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica is a subspecies of the Macedonian.
• Viola tricolor subsp. matutina - subspecies morning.
• Viola tricolor subsp. subalpina - subspecies of subalpine.
• Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor - subspecies tricolor.

Violet tricolor infographic

Photo of tricolor violet, its useful properties and application:
Violet tricolor infographic

What to remember

1. Violet tricolor cough removes phlegm, relieves cough, soothes the throat.
2. The plant can be used to treat diathesis in children, add a decoction to baths or take it orally.
3. Breastfeeding women should take the plant only in consultation with the doctor, during pregnancy it is contraindicated.

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Classmates

On a garden bed or in a field you can find small bright flowers of a tricolor color. People call them pansies. The scientific name of the plant is tricolor violet or Violatricolor. Depending on the variety, it can be annual or biennial. The unpretentious viola in nature spreads like a weed, filling large areas. Thanks to the work of breeders, new varieties of violets with large flowers have appeared. In addition to its decorative appeal, the plant is known for its medicinal properties. Pansy herb has anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator and antimicrobial effects.

Botanical description

Violet tricolor is a herbaceous culture belonging to the genus Violet, the Violet family. Stem erect, simple or slightly branched, shortly pubescent or glabrous. It is hollow inside. In some species, the stem spreads along the ground. Plant height 10-45 cm. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, simple. The leaf plate is elongated with serrated edges. The shape of the leaves varies depending on the position on the stem - in the lower part they are ovate, and in the upper part they are oblong-lanceolate. The root is thin, taproot.

Long peduncles emerge from the leaf axils. Each flower has five free petals.

The color is dominated by shades of blue. The upper petals are the largest, they are bent back. Characteristic colors are dark blue and dark purple. The two side lobes are slightly smaller and a few shades lighter. They diverge to the sides, slightly covering the upper petals. The lower petal is white or yellow. Each part of the flower has a spur. Flowering continues from May to autumn. The fruit is an oblong single-celled capsule. By the end of June, small light brown seeds ripen in it. In one box up to 3 thousand seeds that remain viable for 2 years.

Pansies are annuals and biennials. Annuals grow from self-sowing seeds that have spent the winter in the ground. Biennials are reborn from a brownish root preserved in the soil.

Information. Folk love for a flower is manifested by many names invented for it: brother-and-sister, moths, scrofula, three-flower.

Distribution area

The herbaceous plant is widely distributed in temperate climates. It can be found in Eastern Europe, in the West of Siberia, the Caucasus, Asia Minor. It grows on the fertile soil of fields, meadows, ravines, on the edges of forests, along roads.

Subspecies

There are five subspecies of Viola tricolor found in nature:

1. Subspecies Curtis Viola curtisi - grows in the meadows and sand dunes of Great Britain and Ireland. Perennial height 15 cm.

   

2. Viola Macedonian Viola macedonica - grows in Greece in the foothills of Mount Olympus.
   
   
3. Viola morning Viola matutina - habitat Western Ukraine.
   
   
4. Viola subalpine Viola saxatilis is an odorless perennial, distributed in the Alps and the Pyrenees. Flowers 2-3 cm.
5. Viola tricolor Viola tricolor subsp. Tricolor - in Europe, the subspecies is called "Jumping Johnny", an annual up to 20 cm high.

   

Information. In Russia, it was believed that pansies should not be planted in front gardens, these are flowers for the cemetery.

Useful properties and application

Wild violet tricolor has long been used in folk medicine. In the form of infusions and lotions, it was used for scrofula, cough, hernia. Traditional medicine has also drawn attention to the healing properties of the plant. The power of medicinal herbs is given by substances contained in the stem and leaves. In the composition of violet tricolor:

• flavonoids;
• vitamin C;
• violaxanthin;
• saponins;
• carotenoids;
• tannins.

To preserve the medicinal properties of violets, the herb is dried during flowering. The harvesting period starts from May and lasts until autumn. Cut off the ground part (stem) and dry in a well-ventilated area. Plants are laid out in a thin layer of 5-6 cm, mixed during drying. The readiness of raw materials is determined by the fragility of the stem and leaves.

Application

Tea is brewed from dry raw materials, it has a sweetish taste and a pleasant smell. Brewing it is easy:

• Pour 5 g of pansy herb into a teapot;
• pour 200 ml of boiling water;
• insist 7-10 min.

Drink 3 times a day, 100 ml. The infusion helps to cope with dry cough, is a diuretic. They are recommended to gargle inflamed throat. On its own and as part of the collection, pansy grass has established itself as an effective expectorant. With a dry cough, an infusion is prepared from several components:

• fennel fruit;
• plantain leaves.

The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions. For infusion, 1 tbsp is taken. spoon for a glass of water. Raw materials are poured with boiling water and infused for 30 minutes.

From the violet extract, medicines are prepared that are prescribed for various diseases:

• bronchitis;
• rheumatism;
• gout;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• tuberculosis;
• scrofula.

Water infusions and decoctions cope with dermatological problems. Lotions from violets are prescribed for boils, acne, non-healing wounds. Grass helps children get rid of diathesis. For this you will need:

• 200 g of raw materials;
• 1 liter of water.

The components are boiled on low heat for 10-15 minutes, the broth is filtered and poured into the bath. The duration of the procedure for a child should be 15-20 minutes. Adults can also take such a healing bath. In this case, the concentration of the broth is increased, 500 g of dry raw materials are taken.

Growing pansies

Tricolor viola has been cultivated for many centuries. Hybrid varieties have been bred that are superior in decorative qualities to wild species.

Information. Vitrok's hybrid variety of violet is called "garden pansies". Flowers are popular in ornamental gardening. The bush grows up to 30 cm, flowers of bright colors reach 10 cm in diameter.

In landscape design, pansies are used to decorate rock gardens, borders, forest clearings. They are good in group plantings, mixborders, garden boxes and containers.

Site selection and soil

Viola loves good lighting, but she will not like the sun. It is recommended to choose a place where the sun's rays alternate with the shadow. A good place would be landing next to bushes or young trees. Violet reacts to heat with a break in flowering. Perennials should not be planted in lowlands where melt and rainwater accumulates. Plants can get sick with fungal infections.

Neutral loamy soil is considered suitable. It should be fertile, humus and compost are used for fertilizer.

The roots of pansies are shallow, so they need regular watering. Humidification should be moderate, without stagnant water. So that a crust does not form on the surface of the soil, loosening is performed. You can feed the plants with superphosphates.

Planting seeds in open ground

You can grow violets by sowing seeds in open ground or by seedlings. In the first case, the landing time depends on climatic conditions. Usually sowing begins in May. 50-60 seeds per 1 m are laid in the furrows. It is not worth deepening the furrows, a depth of 0.7 cm is enough. The seeds are covered with soil and watered. Some growers plant seeds in the summer to achieve spring flowering the next year. Before the onset of cold weather, the sprouts will take root and get stronger. In this case, in winter, it is better to cover the plant with spruce branches or peat. The distance between the rows is 20 cm. If the sprouts sprout densely, they swoop down.

Attention. Plants planted in a sunny area have larger flowers than those planted in the shade.

Growing seedlings

It is necessary to plant tricolor violet seeds for seedlings already in February. For the first planting, seed material is bought in a store where a huge selection of varieties is presented. You can plant your own seeds next year. The plant begins flowering in spring, so the fruits have time to ripen well.

Advice. Pre-soaking in a solution of Epin (growth stimulant) helps to improve seed germination.

At their discretion, gardeners prepare common containers for seedlings or plant seeds in separate cups / pots. Purchased soil for violets is suitable as a substrate. Adding perlite will make it looser. Drainage is placed at the bottom of the tank - small gravel or expanded clay. Moisten the soil before planting. Under the seeds make small grooves. From above, it is enough to cover them with a layer of soil of 5 mm or simply with vermiculite.

To maintain a constant humidity and temperature in the container will allow plastic wrap or glass. When growing seedlings in separate cups, 3-4 seeds are planted in each. The container is placed in a bag. For germination, containers are kept in a room with a temperature of 18-20 °. Seedlings are not long in coming, they appear in 5-7 days. Sprouts are watered and aired. After the appearance of two true leaves, the first pick is carried out.

After 3 weeks, the seedlings are fed with mineral fertilizers simultaneously with watering. Viola is transferred to open ground in May. Pre-seedlings are taken outside for acclimatization. Plants are planted in holes 5 cm deep, the flower is taken along with a clod of earth. The distance between violets is 15-20 cm, depending on the size of the variety. The earth is well hydrated. Pansies tolerate planting in a flower bed well in a flowering state.

Violet tricolor is a beautiful, useful and unpretentious plant. She pleases with the beauty of flowering for several spring and summer months without much care. Using flowers of various shades, you can create original compositions in a flower bed or along garden paths.

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Other names: Pansies, Brothers, Sparrow Seed, Zolotukha, Ivan da Marya, Kamchug, Nedushnik, Semi-flower, Magpie, Magpie seed, Axes, Three-flowered.

Diseases and effects: Acute respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, whooping cough, inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract, urolithiasis, uric acid diathesis, allergic dermatitis, exudative diathesis, eczema, rheumatism, gout, scrofula.

Active substances: Flavonoid glycoside, violaquercetin, delphinidin, peonidin, violanin, methyl ester, salicylic acid, β-carotenoids, violaxanthin, ascorbic acid, violaemetin alkaloid, saponins, tannins, mucous polysaccharides, rutin.

Plant collection and preparation time: May - July.

Botanical description of tricolor violet

Biennial herbaceous plant up to 15-20 cm high, violet family (Violaceae). This plant is often called Ivan da Marya, however, plants from the genus Mariannik (Norichnikov family), which are also popularly called Ivan da Marya, should be distinguished from violets.

Stem ascending, branched, trihedral, covered with short hairs, hollow inside.

Leaves arranged alternately, oblong-ovate, entire, glabrous, with pinnate stipules, coarsely dentate along the edges; the lower ones are rounded heart-shaped, with long roots, the upper ones are elongated-lanceolate, on short cuttings.

flowers large, solitary, sitting on three- or four-sided long pedicels; petals are multi-colored: the upper ones are purple, the middle ones are blue or light purple; the lower petal is yellow with purple stripes, the lower and two lateral ones have hairs at the base.

Fetus- an elongated-ovoid tricuspid box.

Root thin, slightly branched, brownish.

There is a close species, which are also collected, - field violet. The latter differs from tricolor violet in that it has smaller flowers, all petals are light yellow. It grows like a weed in the fields.

Flowering in May-June, fruiting in July-August.

Violet tricolor grows on oily soil in meadows, forest clearings, fallow fields, in crops, on hillocks. As an ornamental plant, it is bred in flower beds and front gardens.

Violet tricolor in magic

This plant has a cold aura. He is favored by the planet Saturn and his element is water.

Pansy flowers (tricolor violets) are used. Usually carried with them to attract love.

Propagation of Violet Reichsvetnaya

European part of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Caucasus, Western Siberia. The main areas of collection and harvesting are Ukraine, Belarus. The southern border in Ukraine runs through Donetsk to Zaporozhye and Odessa.

Grows in forest clearings, edges, sparse forests, thickets of shrubs, forest meadows, along roadsides, in parks, gardens. Usually forms groups, less often - rare thickets.

Violet harvesting

For the preparation of medicines, the herb tricolor violet, sometimes roots, is used. Grass is harvested during flowering (in May-June, according to some sources - until July inclusive), cutting the entire plant at a height of several centimeters from the ground and folding, without compacting, into baskets or bags. The lower thick stems and roots are discarded.

It is also allowed to harvest the field violet, which grows in the same areas as the tricolor violet, but differs in smaller flowers (up to 1.5 cm in diameter), white upper and bright yellow middle and lower petals. Its corolla is equal to or slightly longer than the calyx. Field violet is confined to dry, depleted, slightly acidic soils. It is found only in gardens, along roads, in fields, most often on fallow lands.

Each type of violet (tricolor and field) must be collected separately, without mixing raw materials.

The roots are dug up in autumn after the plant has bloomed. The collected roots are boiled and cut lengthwise.

Dry raw materials in the open air, in well-ventilated rooms, in attics, spreading them out in a thin layer (5-7 cm thick) on a bedding (paper or fabric) and periodically turning over. The roots are dried on iron sheets in a slightly warm oven (at a temperature of 40 ° C). Properly dried grass rustles when kneaded.

Raw materials consist of stems 10-25 cm long with leaves, single flowers, and single fruits. The smell is weak. The taste is sweetish. Humidity is not higher than 14%. The raw materials are allowed - no more than 3% of crushed parts (passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2 mm), organic and mineral impurities - no more than 3% and 1%, respectively. Grass is packed in bales or bags. Store in dry, well-ventilated areas, on racks. Shelf life 1.5 years.

The chemical composition of violet tricolor

The herb contains flavone glycoside, violaquercetin and anthocyanin glycosides - delphinidin, peonidin, violanin (consisting of delphinidin, glucose, rhamnose and hydroxycinnamic acid); a small amount of essential oil (consisting of methyl ester and salicylic acid); β-carotenoids, violaxanthin, ascorbic acid, violaemetin alkaloid, saponins, tannins, mucous polysaccharides, rutin.

Pharmacological properties of tricolor violet

Violet tricolor has anti-inflammatory properties, which are associated with the presence in the aerial part of the plant of a pharmacologically active essential oil and mucus-like substances that have an antiseptic effect in the gastrointestinal tract, enhance the secretion of the bronchial glands and facilitate the excretion of sputum. Saponins determine the bronchodilator, expectorant and diuretic properties of plants.

Violaquercetin, a flavone glycoside, is also considered an equally active component of violet herb, which, like rutin, with local and resorptive action, helps to thicken cell membranes, slows down the absorption of various substances by inflamed tissues, which is typical for the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids and tannins.

When taking violet preparations inside, in addition to the local anti-inflammatory effect, there is also some antispasmodic and choleretic effect. Violet preparations, like rutin, inhibit the development of traumatic edema in rats, have an anti-inflammatory effect on dextran edema models, and also reduce vascular permeability and give a pronounced hyposensitizing effect.

The use of violet tricolor in medicine

Violet has been used as a medicine since ancient times.

Tricolor violet preparations are used independently in the form of infusions and decoctions, as well as in mixtures with other medicinal plants of a similar therapeutic effect. Basically, violet grass is prescribed as an expectorant and cough softener for acute respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, and whooping cough.

Infusions and decoctions of violet herbs enhance the secretion of bronchial glands, soften inflammatory plaques, facilitate sputum separation, increase the motor activity of the ciliated epithelium of the mucous membranes, contributing to faster evacuation of sputum and, therefore, soothing cough.

Violet grass is prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. The plant is used in complex therapy for urolithiasis, uric acid diathesis and other urological diseases.

Anti-inflammatory and hyposensitizing properties of violets are used for allergic dermatitis, exudative diathesis, eczema. In these diseases, violet grass is used topically in the form of lotions and for preparing baths.

There are no contraindications to the use of violet preparations. However, with an overdose of galenic forms of violet, nausea and vomiting are possible. The emetic action is attributed to the alkaloid violaemetin and saponins.

In folk medicine, violet herb infusions are also used for rheumatism, gout, and also as a diaphoretic, antiallergic and blood purifier. Quite widely used infusions and decoctions of violets for scrofula in children.

Violet is also known abroad as a medicinal plant. In Bulgaria, for example, it is used as a diaphoretic, antirheumatic, and emollient. In Colombia, violets are used to treat fever, in Brazil, respiratory diseases. Violet is successfully used in cosmetology. Due to its anti-inflammatory, astringent, emollient properties, the infusion of this plant is recommended in the form of lotions for oily seborrhea of ​​the face and head. In collections with other medicinal plants, such as nettle, burdock, it is useful to rinse your hair after washing.

Dosage forms, method of application of violet tricolor and doses

Violet tricolor herb infusion(Infusum herbae Violae tricoloris): 5 g (1 tablespoon) of the raw material is poured into 200 ml (1 glass) of hot boiled water, heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, cooled at room temperature for 45 minutes, filtered, the rest of the vegetable raw material is squeezed out. Take 1/2 cup 3-4 times a day for colds, inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

Two tablespoons of crushed raw materials are brewed with a glass of boiling water, insisted for 2 hours and filtered. Used for rinsing the mouth.

This valuable medicinal and beautifully flowering plant can be grown in the backyard. To do this, you need to choose a place with loose, nutritious and loamy soil, with light shade. Violet is propagated by seedlings (according to the type of well-known garden forms). To do this, the seeds are sown in June-July in cold greenhouses. Sow in shallow furrows, lightly embedding into the soil. Emerging seedlings are thinned out (the feeding area is 8 × 8 cm), and at the end of August they are planted in rows in a permanent place. Row spacing 60 cm and 25-30 cm in a row. Violet loves good care (weed removal, loosening) and moisture. Plants winter well and bloom early.

The benefits of the tricolor violet, its beauty, have been valued and used at all times. Violet or pansy in ancient Greece was a symbol of Athens. In the Middle Ages, Christians saw divine symbols in its contrasting decor - the three faces of the Holy Trinity and the all-seeing eye of God the Father.

Further, the violet flower lost its divine halo and now its name is simply pansies or brothers, forest brothers, garden brothers, helminth, scrofula, Ivan da Marya, Kamchug, semi-flower, magpie seed, three-flower, Trinity grass and others.

Numerous folk names indicate the peculiar color of the flower, various medicinal properties of violets.

Scientific names "Viola" - the ancient Roman name for all violets. species name " tricolor" translated three plus color, that is, tricolor, characterizes the color of three colors.

Where does the tricolor violet live?

Violet flower can be an annual or biennial plant up to 40 cm high with a thin, fibrous root and a trihedral stem.

Leaves alternate, oblong. The flowers emerge from the axils of the leaves, develop at the ends of the peduncles. Five corolla petals of various colors and sizes. The two upper petals are elongated with a deeper color, the 2 side petals are light rounded, the lower one is larger than all the others. The fruit is an ovoid capsule with three valves, one nest.

Violet tricolor grows throughout our country, except of course the northern regions. As an alien plant, it can be found in Siberia.

This light-loving plant, open habitat, tolerates only a very slight blackout. It occurs - meadows, edges of fields, edges, forest clearings, clearings, along the edges of peat bogs, on the banks of reservoirs not covered with turf, roadsides of country roads.

A similar species is field violet. It differs in that it self-pollinates, it has white upper flowers, medium bright yellow, lower petals, the corolla is equal to the calyx or slightly longer. The composition of tricolor violet and field violet are the same. Field is allowed to be used on a par with tricolor.

Gathering workpiece

Tricolor violet grass is cut with a knife during May-June flowering, folded into a paper bag. Dry in a well-ventilated room, periodically stirring the raw materials. It is desirable to dry as quickly as possible. Keep two years.

Violet tricolor composition

Grass:

• saponins up to 14%;
• mucus;
• essential oil;
• tannins;
• flavonoids - rutin, violaquerticin, violatin, isovitexin, orientin and others;
• carotenoids;
• ascorbic acid;
• vitamin P, E;
• coumarins;
• phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives;

flowers

• essential oil;
• routine
• anthocyanin glycosides;
• vitamins;
• flavonoids and other beneficial substances.

Violet tricolor medicinal properties

For therapeutic purposes, stems, leaves, flowers are used, used as a decoction, infusion or tea.

• tricolor violet relieves inflammation, has a diuretic, enveloping effect;
• infusion is used as an expectorant - whooping cough, acute respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis, bronchopneumonia;
• violet grass cleanses the blood, useful - angina pectoris, arthritis, atherosclerosis,, rickets, epilepsy, dysentery;
• varicose veins, glaucoma - eat 30-100 mg of violet flowers daily. Flowers contain rutin, which strengthens the walls of capillary vessels, lowering eye pressure;
• treats diseases of the gallbladder, kidneys;
• female diseases, headache;
• difficulty urinating, cystitis, inflammation of the appendages;
• as an enveloping, anti-inflammatory - gastritis;
• relieves toothache, treats periodontal disease;
• tricolor violet an ancient remedy for getting rid of milk scabs, eczema in young children (the infusion is added to the water where food is cooked);
• externally, inside infusion of violet grass - acne, skin tuberculosis and other skin diseases;
• wounds, ulcers are sprinkled with tricolor violet herb powder;
• helps if bad breath;
• grass powder is taken as an expectorant 1g for adults, 0.5g for children;
• lotions, baths - exudative diathesis, eczema, allergic diathesis;
• as an addition to the main treatment, a decoction, an infusion of violet herbs is used for oncological diseases;

Herbal infusion: 20 g of dried flowers, 200 ml of boiling water, kept for 2 hours in a thermos, strained. Use 100 ml twice a day.

Herbal decoction: 1 tbsp crushed raw materials, a glass of boiled water, boil for a quarter of an hour, cool for 45 minutes. It is filtered, the residue is squeezed out, the volume is brought to the original volume with boiled water. Drink 1/3 cup four times a day after meals

Violet tincture: 25g violet flowers, 10ml alcohol. Take 25-30 ml three times a day before meals. Evening rinse - 10 ml of tincture per 200 ml of water. Helps with all the above diseases.

Articular rheumatism, gout, arthritis: a tablespoon of dry herbs, 250 ml of boiling water. Insist wrapped for two hours, decant. Take 1st.l. 3 times per day.

Violet Tea: the grass is brewed in a ratio of 1:10, heated for 1/4 hour. Use 1st.l. 4 times per day.

Exudative diathesis: 8 g of dry plant, 300 ml of water, insist overnight. Boil ten minutes in the morning, drink on an empty stomach with sweetened milk for three weeks.

Expectorant for colds: 20 g of grass, 200 ml of boiling water, filtered after three hours. Take 1st.l. four times a day.

Violet oil: 100 ml olive oil, 2 tbsp. dry flowers of tricolor violet, 1 tbsp. leaves of plush budra are mixed, boiled for 10 minutes in a water bath. Insist in a sealed container until cool, filter. Used to treat skin diseases.

Colds, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys: a tablespoon of violet herb, 250 ml of boiling water, stand in a water bath for 15 minutes, when it cools, filter, squeeze the sprat. Drink 100 ml 2 times.

Diarrhea, diuretic: 2 tsp tricolor violets, a glass of boiling water, filtered after 10 minutes. Drink a glass 3 times a day. Used for compresses, lotions for inflammation of the sebaceous glands.

Blood purifier: 20 g of tricolor violet, 1 liter of boiling water, kept in a thermos for 10 hours. Drink a glass 3 times a day.

Collections with violet

Bronchial asthma: take the same amount by volume of tricolor violet, large plantain, common pine buds, creeping. 2 tablespoons collection, 250 ml of boiling water, insist half an hour, strain. Drink 1/3 cup 4 times a day after meals.

Restoration of functions of the pancreas: 10g each of tricolor violet, large celandine herb, knotweed herb, St. John's wort herb, corn stigmas. A tablespoon is poured with 250 ml of boiling water. Insist until cool, decant. Drink a glass 3 times a day in a warm form before meals.

Gouty arthritis: 2 parts - burdock root, tripartite grass, part - tricolor violets, rhizomes of couch grass, bearberry leaves. A tablespoon of the collection, 250 ml of boiling water, filter after an hour. Dosage - 1/2 cup four times a day.

Psoriasis:1.5 tbsp herbs of tricolor violet, herbs of large celandine pour 250 ml of boiling water, decanted in an hour. Drink 0.25 ml 4 times an hour after meals. At the same time take hot baths with celandine.

Climax pathological: 2 parts of tricolor violet, three parts of buckthorn bark, licorice root. 4 tablespoons mixture, a liter of boiling water, strain after half an hour. Drink 200 ml in the morning, take a few sips in the evening.

Contraindications: p In case of overdose, prolonged use, vomiting, diarrhea, itchy rash is possible.

Among the early and flowering cultivated plants, pansies occupy one of the first places in floriculture. The variety of their colors and color combinations is simply incredible: from pure white to almost black with all sorts of shades of yellow, blue, red. In the center of the flower there is often a spot of the original shape and color. In this article, we will talk about the most popular types and varieties of pansies, as well as share our experience in growing these beautiful flowers.

Pansies - beautiful, like in a fairy tale! © John K Content:

plant description

There are two most popular types of this plant - Violet tricolor and Violet Wittrock. They differ in the shape of the flower. F. Wittrock has larger flowers, and F. tricolor is a small-flowered plant.

• Pansies, or Violet tricolor (Viola tricolor) - a herbaceous plant common in Europe and temperate regions of Asia; species of the genus Violet of the Violet family.
• Violet Wittrock, or garden pansies (Viola × wittrokiana) is a herbaceous plant of hybrid origin of the Violet family. Under this name, numerous varieties and cultivar groups obtained with the participation of tricolor violet ( Viola tricolor), Altai ( Viola altaica) and yellow ( Viola lutea) and some other species.

Pansies in ancient times were credited with the ability to bewitch love: one has only to sprinkle the juice of a plant on the eyelids of a sleeping person and wait for him to wake up - he will love forever. The French and Poles give pansies as a keepsake when they part. And in England, a tradition was born: a young man, embarrassed to declare his love, is enough to send this dried flower to his chosen one and write his name.

Pansies are perennials 15 to 30 cm tall, usually grown as biennials. Their spectacular flowers repeat the shape of a violet. Bushes at the beginning of the growing season are compact, then become sprawling; the main shoot is erect, the root system is fibrous. In the axils of the leaves, pansies form flower stalks, the ends of which are crowned with single large flowers up to 7 cm in diameter. The special value of pansies lies in early and abundant flowering. In central Russia, they bloom already at the end of April.

Numerous varieties of large-flowered violet are widespread in the culture - a complex hybrid obtained in the course of many years of breeding work. Many modern hybrids are heat tolerant and have the ability to bloom throughout the summer.

Cultivation and care

Use pansies for early spring two-shift flower arrangement. In the summer, when it loses its decorative effect, it is replaced with flyers. But depending on the timing of sowing and the adopted agricultural technology, you can get flowering in summer and late autumn. In this regard, pansies are very flexible, undemanding and easy to cultivate.

Pansies are propagated mainly by seeds and green cuttings. Depending on the planned timing of flowering, sowing is done at different times. To obtain early spring abundant flowering, seeds are sown in the summer of the previous year.

In the northern and northwestern zones, for example, near Leningrad and in Murmansk, seeds are sown in open ground (nurseries) in the second decade of July so that the plants do not develop much, are not too large, and do not bloom in autumn.

Pansies are winter-hardy plants, but in the North-West, and sometimes in the middle lane, their freezing and decay are observed. More often this happens in damp places and in violation of the sowing dates. If the seeds are sown in late May or early June, seedlings bloom in autumn and outgrow. Such plants go into wintering already weakened, they do not tolerate winter well and often rot.

Therefore, plants that have grown well, but not overgrown and not weakened by autumn flowering, tolerate overwintering better, do not rot and bloom well in the spring of next year. With later, belated sowings, the plants go into the winter not strong enough, little sprouted. They winter worse and bloom later in spring.

A winter with little snow and severe frosts has a negative effect on the overwintering of pansies. Spring is especially destructive, when the snow melts very early, thaws begin, and at night - severe frosts. Therefore, it is advisable to produce snow retention on ridges with pansies. They do not tolerate low damp places and especially spring stagnant water.

Reproduction of pansies by seeds

To obtain seedlings, sowing is carried out in nurseries or on well-cultivated ridges in rows, seeds are sown not densely in a row, seedlings appear on the 6-14th day. Normal care: watering, loosening row spacing. Shoots are dived into other ridges or nurseries, where they should spend the winter. The distance during the picking is made 20x20 cm. The picking must be done in a timely manner, preventing the seedlings from stretching and outgrowing.

The following year, in early spring, the plants quickly start to grow and bloom. To speed up flowering, the beds can be covered with foil in early spring. Pansies in a flowering state are transplanted into flower beds. To decorate windows, balconies, they are planted in pots or flower boxes.

Planting care in the places of registration consists in systematic weeding and loosening. If necessary, water and control pests. It is useful to feed seedlings with ammonium nitrate and apply superphosphate (20-40 g per 1 m2). Pansies cannot stand fresh manure. To prolong flowering in the summer, it is necessary to remove all faded flowers in order to delay the development of fruits, since plants stop flowering when seeded.

On poor, dry, sandy soils, pansies quickly shrink, especially varieties with gigantic flowers. It is necessary to apply organic fertilizers in the form of compost and humus (5 kg per 1 m2) on such soils; it is not recommended to apply fresh manure. In a sunny place, the flowers of pansies form large and bright. In partial shade, they bloom a little longer, but are poorer, the flowers are smaller and not so bright.

In the summer, when pansies fade and lose their decorative effect, they are dug up and replaced with flyers.

To obtain seeds, the most typical strong compact specimens are selected from among the dug up plants and planted on seed ridges (they easily tolerate transplantation in a flowering state). Watering is necessary.

Given that pansies are cross-pollinated plants, when planting them on seeds, it is necessary to observe the spatial isolation of one variety from another. This will allow you to get pure varieties of seeds. The collection of seeds must begin when the boxes turn yellow, otherwise they quickly crack and the seeds spill out.

If desired, pansies can be kept as an annual culture. For this, seeds are sown in February-March in a greenhouse or room in bowls, pick boxes. In April, they dive into greenhouses, and in May they plant them in the ground. When spring sowing, pansies have a long flowering in the summer of the same year. But in terms of the abundance and size of flowers, the annual crop is much inferior to plants grown from last year's summer sowing.

For autumn flowering, pansies are sown in April-May, on the 55-70th day they bloom.

Vegetative reproduction

Of great interest is the vegetative method of propagation of hybrid varieties of pansies - green cuttings in the open field. It is simple, effective and at the same time allows you to keep the variety clean, get a lot of planting material in one summer. Cuttings are taken from May to July in 2-3 doses. All green terminal shoots with 2-3 nodes are suitable. To do this, in shaded, slightly damp places (under the canopy of trees), low ridges are made. They are tightly packed and watered.

The cuttings are planted to a depth of 0.5 cm tightly, so that the leaves of one cutting are in contact with the leaves of another. 400 pcs are planted per square meter. After planting, spray with water.

In the first days, in order to avoid wilting, planted cuttings should be covered with paper soaked in water, creating a more humid atmosphere, which contributes to rapid rooting. Care consists of daily watering, spraying, weeding. After 3-4 weeks, the cuttings give 95-100% rooting. With early (May, June) cuttings, plants bloom in summer or autumn of the same year. Later cuttings give abundant flowering next spring.

Rooted cuttings are transplanted in the fall to ridges or flower beds. With very late cuttings (August), it is better to leave the rooted plants for overwintering at the cutting sites, covering them with a leaf for the winter. Plants should be planted in flower beds next spring.

Propagation of hybrid pansies by green cuttings provides rejuvenation of plants that tend to grow strongly in the third year to the detriment of flowering. About 10 cuttings can be cut from one mother plant in one go, and 30-45 pieces over the summer.

The best varieties of pansies

Small-flowered varieties

• "Blue Boy"- flowers of blue-blue color, 3-4 cm in diameter;
• "Snow Maiden"- flowers are white, 3-4 cm in diameter.
• "Red Riding Hood"- bright red flowers, 3.5-4 cm in diameter.

Large-flowered varieties

• "Ice King"- the flower is white with a barely noticeable yellowish-green tint. On the lower three petals there are purple spots, the edges are even. Flower on a long stem (8-10 cm), up to 5 cm in diameter. Bush height 20 cm.
• "Winter sun"- the flower is bright yellow, on the three lower petals there are dark velvety brown spots, the edges are uneven. Flower on a long stem (8-10 cm), 5 cm in diameter. Bush height 20 cm.
• "Sky Queen"- the color of the flower when blooming is almost pure blue, fades in the sun and acquires a light lilac-blue hue. The flower reaches 4.5-5 cm in diameter. The edges of the petals are even, the pedicel is long - 9-11 cm. The height of the bush is 20 cm.
• "The Magic of March"- the flower is dark purple, with a full blooming of almost black color. The petals are velvety, the edges are even. The flower is 5-5.5 cm in diameter, the pedicel is long (9-10 cm). Bush height 20 cm.
• "Jupiter"- at the flower, the upper petals at the base are purple-violet, at the top - whitish. The color of the three lower petals is also purple-violet, the edges of the petals are even, the pedicels are short (7-8 cm). Bush height 20 cm.
• "Evening Heat"- the flower is brownish-red, on the lower three petals in comparison with the main background there are darker spots, the edges of the petals are slightly wavy, the pedicel is long (9-10 cm). The flower reaches 5-5.5 cm in diameter. The bush is low 10-15 cm.

Giant varieties

• "Blue"- the flower is violet-blue, on the three lower petals there are dark purple spots, the edges of the petal are even, the flower is 6-7 cm in diameter, on a long pedicel (10-11 cm). Bush height 25 cm.
• "White"- the flower is white with a barely noticeable yellowish-greenish tint, reaches 6-7 cm in diameter, the edges of the petals are slightly wavy, the pedicel is long (9-10 cm). Bush 20 cm high.
• "Golden yellow"- the flower is monophonic, golden-yellow in color, reaches 6-7 cm in diameter, the edges of the petals are even, the pedicel is long (10-12 cm). Bush height 20 cm.

Possible Growing Problems

Of the pests, pansies can infect aphids, scoops, against which appropriate preparations are used. Of the diseases in violation of agricultural technology, black leg, root and stem rot, spotting, and powdery mildew can develop.

Due to the unpretentiousness and abundant flowering, pansies are grown in flower beds and in balcony boxes, decorate plantings of bulbous flowers and alpine slides. With proper care, they will delight you with their flowering from early spring to late autumn.

There is a legend that after many years of waiting, the faithful girl Anyuta turned into this flower, who once saw off her fiancé to protect her native side, who never returned. And now, as many years ago, there are pansies near the road, with hope "peering" into the distance.