The plan of the rafters of the hipped roof with the designation. Rafter system of a hipped roof: an overview of the hip and tent structures. Video: using a construction calculator to calculate the roof

For buildings of a large area, a gable roof does not provide the required protection and reliability. This design relies only on 2 external load-bearing walls, so the load on the rafters is excessively large. For a large house, it is better to choose a pitched roof, which effectively withstands atmospheric loads and distributes pressure more evenly on the external load-bearing walls and foundation.

pitched roof configurations

The geometric design of such a roof combines 4 inclined planes, the bases of which are the load-bearing walls of the house around the perimeter. There are several configurations that determine the shape and mutual arrangement inclined surfaces.

hip roof

A simple design, outwardly somewhat reminiscent of a gable: in parallel long walls form 2 planes, which are connected in the center by a ridge floor. Opposite pediments are replaced with sloping triangles-hips. The design is used for large buildings, the two sides of which are much longer than the others.

Half hip roof

Differs in a configuration of end slopes. The bases of the triangles rise above the bottom edge of the structure. The remaining space is filled by the pediment. The corners at the base of large slopes are cut vertically. This allows you to make a spacious attic under the roof and install a double-glazed window.

Suitable for square houses or buildings in which all walls are approximately equal. Four slopes are triangles connected by vertices at a common central point. There is no horizontal ridge in such structures.

These configurations are the basis for the construction of all four pitched roofs, including the combination of various elements into complex designs.

Many country arbors are shaped regular polygon, often a hipped roof is erected to them. Why a hipped roof is used for a small structure is explained by the practicality and aesthetic completeness of such a design. Build a roof with two inclined surfaces for country gazebo impractical: the absence of closed gables will leave part of the structure unprotected from precipitation, for example, during slanting rain. The four-pitched roof wins in this.

Types of truss systems

There are hanging and layered structures. The first type is distinguished by the fact that the rafters lean against each other. This variety is used for buildings that do not have central load-bearing walls. The load is bursting. To increase strength, ties are made between opposite rafters, racks, struts and other devices are used.

The sloped design of the hipped roof includes additional supports for the rafters. They are reinforced under the ridge run and transfer part of the load to the load-bearing walls inside the building.

System differences: 1) Hanging 2) Layered

Description of the roof structure

The construction of a hip roof requires professional knowledge and experience from the master. Drawings of the truss system of this type of hipped roof include the following elements:

1. Mauerlat - the base of the frame, laid on load-bearing walls. Since all sides of the house are supporting, the element is attached around the perimeter of the building. Since hipped roofs are built on large objects, the Mauerlat must be of high strength. Usually use a bar 150x150 or 100x100. Mauerlat is not required if the structure is made of wood. In this case, the upper wall trim serves as the base.
2. The ridge run is installed horizontally on the line of intersection of trapezoidal slopes and serves as a connecting element.
3. From each end of the run, 3 supports, called the central rafters, depart. They are erected regardless of the pitch of the remaining elements.
4. Diagonal (corner) rafters connect the ridge beam to the corners of the building. These are the longest supports with the greatest slope.
5. Parallel to the directions of the slopes, short rafters are erected on the hips, fastening the corner supports (sides of the triangles) with the Mauerlat.
6. The lateral edges of the trapezoid with the base are connected by sprigs, and two parallel sides are connected by intermediate supports.
7. Sprengel is used to increase strength. It is a bar located closer to the corner of the building, the ends of which are installed on adjacent walls.
8. When installing struts and racks, a truss truss is formed - an additional structural unit.
9. Puffs are used in a hanging truss system. They are mounted on two opposite supports.
10. In the layered structure there is a bed, which is laid on a load-bearing wall in the center of the building and takes on part of the load.

The peculiarity of the semi-hip roof is that the lower edge of each triangular slope rises to the height of the pediment, thereby shortening the diagonal rafters. The four-pitched hipped roof is simpler. The frame design includes similar components of the hips and the internal ligament. All reinforcement elements are designed for one purpose - to pull the frame into knots and make it rigid.

System features and calculation

The roof with four slopes is able to withstand high wind and snow loads. In order for the roof to be practical, reliable and perfectly perform the functions assigned to it, an accurate calculation of all elements is carried out. The slope of the slopes of the hip roof does not exceed 40 °. The construction of the tent system provides for an angle of 40 to 60 °.

The calculation of the supporting structure is based on the interdependence of the span length, rafter pitch and beam sections. The second parameter is selected individually based on the available material and ease of attachment. In the longest structures, the rafter pitch is 2.15 m, and in most cases 90 cm is chosen.

The distance determines the cross section of the supports. The farther apart the rafters are placed, the thicker the board will be required. The size of the section also depends on the length of the supports themselves. Communication is directly proportional. In order for the rafters to withstand the bending force, a material of a larger section is chosen. For 6-meter supports with a step of 90, the cross-sectional area is 75 × 200 mm, and for 3-meter supports it is only 50 × 150.

Carrying out construction activities

The material for the frame must be well dried. Wood moisture content is limited to 20%. Work order:

A professional approach to assembling a solid frame determines the performance of a hipped roof. Resilience to weather conditions and the service life of the structure as a whole depend on the reliability of the structure.

Building a frame for a roof with four slopes is a difficult process with characteristic technological features. During the construction, their own structural components are used, the sequence of work is different. But the result will amaze with its spectacular shape and durability when repelling atmospheric attacks. And House master can be proud of personal achievements in the field of a roofer. However, before deciding on a device of a similar design, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the algorithm according to which the truss system of a hipped roof is being built and with the specifics of its device.

The hipped roof class combines two types of structures that resemble a square and rectangular envelope in plan. The first variety is called tent, the second - hip. Against the background of their pitched counterparts, they are distinguished by the absence of gables, called tongs in roofing. In the construction of both variants of four-pitched structures, layered and hanging rafters are used, the installation of which is carried out in accordance with standard technologies for the construction of pitched truss systems.

Characteristic differences within the four-slope class:

• At the hipped roof, all four slopes are in the form of isosceles triangles, the tops of which converge at one highest point. There is no ridge as such in the tent construction; its function is performed by the central support in layered systems or the top of the hanging truss.
• At the hip roof, a pair of main slopes has a trapezoidal configuration, and the second pair is triangular. The hip design differs from the tented counterpart in the obligatory presence of a ridge, to which the trapezoid adjoins the upper bases. Triangular slopes, they are also hips, adjoin the ridge top, and their sides are docked with the inclined sides of the trapezoid.

Based on the configuration of the roofs in the plan, it is clear that it is customary to erect tent structures over square buildings, and hip structures over rectangular houses. Both soft and hard roofing materials are suitable as a coating. characteristic square or rectangular shape repeat the drawings of the truss system of the hipped roof with a clearly marked arrangement of elements in the plan and vertical projections of the slopes.

Often, hip and hip systems are used together in the construction of one object or effectively complement gable, single-pitched, broken and other roofs.

Constructions with four slopes can be based directly on the upper crown wooden house or on the Mauerlat, which serves as the upper strapping of brick or concrete walls. If you can find upper and lower supports for each rafter, the roof frame is constructed using layered technology.

Installing rafter legs is easier and more affordable for the inexperienced home roofer who needs to consider that:

• With a rigid fastening of the upper and lower heels of the rafters with metal corners or with the help of a wooden support plate, a reinforced Mauerlat fastening will be required, because the spacer will be transferred to it.
• With a rigid fixation of the upper heel and a hinged fastening of the bottom of the rafter, it is not necessary to strengthen the fastening of the Mauerlate, because. when the load on the roof is exceeded, the hinged mount, for example, on sliders, will allow the rafter to move slightly without creating pressure on the Mauerlat.
• With a hinged fastening of the top of the rafters and a rigid fixation of the bottom, the spacer and pressure on the Mauerlat are also excluded.

The issues of fastening the Mauerlat and the method of installing the rafter legs, which are closely related to it, according to the rules, are resolved at the design stage of the house. If the building does not have an internal load-bearing wall or it is not possible to build reliable supports under the central part of the roof, nothing will work except for the hanging assembly scheme of the truss system. True, in most cases, a layered method of construction is used, for the implementation of which it is necessary to foresee the bearing support inside the building in advance.

In the construction of truss systems for tent and hip hipped roofs, specific structural elements are used, these are:

• Diagonal rafter legs forming the ridge joints of the slopes. In hip structures, diagonals, they are also rafters, connect the consoles of the ridge run to the corners of the roof. In tent systems, slanted legs connect the top to the corners.
• Narozhniki, or truss semi-legs, installed perpendicular to the cornices. They rely on diagonal rafters, are located parallel to each other, therefore they differ in different lengths. Narozhniki form the planes of tent and hip slopes.

Diagonal rafters and joists are also used for the construction of valleys, only then concave roof corners are arranged, and not convex like hip ones.

The whole complexity of building frames for roofs with four slopes lies in the installation of diagonal rafters, which determine the result of the formation of the structure. In addition, the slopes are required to steadfastly hold a load one and a half times greater than ordinary truss legs of pitched roofs. Because they work part-time as a hobby, i.e. support for the upper heel of the sprigs.

If you briefly describe the procedure for building a layered frame for a hipped roof, then you can meet the following steps:

• Mauerlat device on brick or concrete walls. The process of installing a Mauerlat on walls made of logs or timber can be abolished, because. it can be successfully replaced by the upper crown.
• Installation of a central support for a hipped structure or a supporting frame for the main part of a hip roof.
• Installation of conventional layered rafters: pairs for a hipped roof and a certain design solution row for hip construction.
• Installation of diagonal rafter legs connecting the corners of the systems with the top of the support or the extreme points of the ridge.
• Production by size and fastening of sprigs.

In the case of using a hanging frame scheme, the start of the construction of a tent frame will be the installation of a triangular roof truss in the center. The installation of a series of truss trusses will be the beginning of the installation of a four-pitched hip truss system.

Construction of a hip truss system

Let's take a look at one of the common examples of a hip roof device with layered rafter legs. They will have to rely on floor beams laid on top of the Mauerlat. Rigid fastening with a notch will only be used to fix the top of the rafter legs on the ridge run, so there is no need to strengthen the Mauerlat fasteners. The dimensions of the box of the house shown in the example are 8.4 × 10.8 m. Real dimensions roofs in the plan will increase on each side by an amount eaves overhang, at 40-50cm.

Mauerlat base device

Mauerlat is a purely individual element, the method of its installation depends on the material of the walls and architectural features the buildings. The method of laying the Mauerlat is planned according to the rules during the design period, because for reliable fixation of the Mauerlat it is recommended:

• Lightweight foam concrete, gas silicate and similar walls should be equipped with a reinforced reinforced concrete belt, poured along the perimeter, with anchors installed during the pouring period for attaching the Mauerlat.
• Brick walls should be edged with a side in one or two bricks along the outer edge so that a ledge is formed along the inner edge for laying a wooden frame. During masonry, wooden plugs are laid between the bricks for attaching the mauerlat with brackets to the wall.

A Mauerlat is made from a bar measuring 150 × 150 or 100 × 150 mm. If the operation of the under-roof space is supposed, it is advisable to take the bars thicker. The timber is connected into a single frame with oblique cuts. Then the joints are reinforced with self-tapping screws, ordinary nails or capercaillie, and the corners are reinforced with brackets.

On top of the Mauerlat aligned to the horizon, constructed in the best way for a particular building, floor beams are laid. A bar with a section of 100 × 200 mm is used. First of all, a beam is laid, passing exactly along the central axis of the building. In the example, the length of the beam for the construction of solid beams is not enough, because they are assembled from two beams. The docking point should be located above a reliable support. In the example, the support is an internal load-bearing wall.

The step between the floor beams is 60 cm. If the equipped box does not have ideal parameters, as it happens in most situations, the distance between the beams can be slightly changed. Such an adjustment allows you to slightly "make up" the flaws in the construction. Between the extreme beams on both sides and the walls of the house there should be a gap of 90 cm wide, necessary for the installation of extensions.

Because floor beams can independently form only two cornice overhangs, short half-beams of floor - extension are attached to their ends. They are first installed only in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe main part of the hip roof, exactly where the rafter legs are to be mounted. They are nailed to the mauerlat with nails, fastened to the beam with screws, large-caliber nails, dowels, reinforce the fasteners with corners.

The construction of the ridge

The central part of the hip roof is an ordinary gable structure. The truss system for it is arranged according to the rules dictated by the construction technology of pitched roofs. In the example, there are some deviations from the classical interpretation of the pitched principle: the bed is not used, on which, traditionally, supports for the ridge run are installed. The work of the bed will have to be performed by the central floor beam.

In order to build the ridge part of the hip roof truss system, you need:

• Build a support frame for the rafter legs, the top of which will rest on the ridge run. The run will be based on three supports, the central of which is installed directly on the central floor beam. To install the two extreme supports, first two transverse bars are laid, overlapping at least five floor beams. Stability is enhanced with two struts. For the manufacture of horizontal and vertical parts of the support frame, a bar with a section of 100 × 150 mm was used, the struts were made from a board of 50 × 150 mm.
• Make rafter legs, for which you must first make a template. A board of suitable dimensions is applied to the installation site, lines of future cuts are drawn on it. She will be the template for the in-line production of rafters.
• Install the rafter legs, resting them with a notch on the ridge run, and with the lower heel on the take-out located opposite.

If the floor beams were laid across the box, then the rafters of the main part of the roof would rest on the floor beams, which is much more reliable. However, in the example, they rely on the removal, therefore, additional mini-supports must be arranged under them. These supports should be positioned so that the load from them and the rafters located above is transferred to the walls.

Then three rows of extensions are mounted on each of the four sides. For ease of implementation further action the contour of the roof is made out with a cornice board. It must be nailed to the floor beams and extensions strictly horizontally.

Installation of corner offsets

In the space limited by the cornice board, there were corner sections left unfilled with details of the truss system. Here you will need corner offsets, for the installation of which is carried out as follows:

• In order to indicate the direction of installation, we pull the cord. We stretch from the point of conditional intersection of the extreme support of the frame with the floor beam to the corner.
• From above, along the lace, we apply a bar to its place. Holding the bar, from below we outline the lines of saw cuts at the point where the bar intersects the floor beam and corner connection cornice boards.
• We attach the finished takeaway with sawn off excess to the Mauerlat and to the floor beam with corners.

The remaining three corner extensions are manufactured and mounted in the same way.

Installation of diagonal rafters

Diagonal, they are also slanting, rafter legs are made of two boards sewn together with a cross section equal to the size of ordinary rafters. In the example, one of the boards will be slightly higher than the second due to the difference in the angles of the hips and trapezoidal slopes.

The sequence of works for the manufacture and installation of the braids:

• From the highest point of the ridge, we stretch the lace to the corners and to the central point of the slope. These are auxiliary lines along which we will mark the upcoming cuts.
• With a carpenter's goniometer - we measure the angle between the lace and the upper side of the angular offset with a small one. This determines the angle of the lower cut. Suppose it is equal to α. The angle of the upper gash is calculated by the formula β = 90º - α.
• At an angle β, we cut down one edge of an arbitrary trimming of the board. We apply it to the place of the upper attachment, aligning the edge of this blank with the cord. We outline the excess that interferes with a tight installation. You need to cut again along the marked lines.
• At an angle α, we saw off the lower heel on another piece of board.
• We make the first half of the diagonal rafter using the patterns of the upper and lower support. If a solid board is not enough in length, two pieces can be spliced. You can splice them with a meter-long piece of an inch planted on self-tapping screws; it should be placed on the outside of the oblique leg being constructed. We install the finished first part.
• We do the second part of the rafter in the same way, but we take into account that it should be slightly lower than its first half. The area where the boards are connected into one element should not coincide with the area where the boards are joined in the first half of the sloping.
• We sew two boards with nails in a run-up with a step of 40-50 cm.
• On a lace stretched to the center of the slope, we draw a line along which it will be necessary to adjust the cut to join it with the adjacent rafter.

Following the described algorithm, it is necessary to install three more diagonal legs. Under each of them, supports should be installed at the point of attachment of the corner offsets to the beams. If the span is more than 7.5 m, another support is installed diagonally closer to the ridge.

Manufacturing and installation of hip rafters

The lace between the top of the skate and the center of the slope is already stretched. It served as an axis for outlining the cuts, and now you need to measure the angle γ along it and calculate the angle δ \u003d 90º - γ. Without deviating from the proven path, we prepare templates for the upper and lower support. We apply the upper trim to the place intended for it and mark the cut lines on it for a tight fit between the diagonal rafters. According to the blanks, we make the central leg of the hip and fix it where it is supposed to.

In the space between the corner outriggers and the cornice board, we install short extensions to stiffen the structure and to ensure a strong fixation of the shortest, shortest outriggers. Next, you should start making templates for the sparrows themselves:

• We cut the board cut at an angle δ and attach it to the place of attachment to the diagonal rafter.
• In fact, we outline the surplus that needs to be cut down again. The resulting template is used in the manufacture of all sprigs, for example, the right side of the hip. For the left side, the upper template will be filed from the opposite side.
• As a template for the lower heel of the sprigs, we use a piece of board sawn off at an angle γ. If all the previous steps were performed correctly, then this template is used to make the lower attachment points for all other sprigs.

In accordance with the actual length and "indications" of the templates, sprigs are made, which are necessary for the formation of the hip planes and the parts of the main slopes that are not filled with ordinary rafter legs. They are installed so that the upper attachment points of the sprigs to the diagonal rafters are located in a run, i.e. the upper connecting nodes of adjacent slopes should not converge in one place. The sprigs are attached to the sloping rafter leg with corners, to floor beams and extensions in the way that is more reasonable and convenient: corners or metal gear plates.

The hipped roof technology is based on already familiar hip principles. True, there is no ridge part of the truss system in their design. The construction begins with the installation of a central support, to which the sloping rafters are attached, and then the slats. If hanging technology is used in the construction of the roof with an envelope, then the finished truss truss is installed first.

We invite you to take advantage of our free online calculator for calculations of building materials when installing a hip roof - go here and follow the instructions.

Helpful Video Instructions

Briefly with the sequence and rules for installing the truss system of a hipped roof of hip and hip categories, the video will acquaint you:

Having familiarized yourself with the specifics of the device and having mastered the intricacies of installing roofs with four slopes, you can safely proceed to the implementation of plans for its construction.

truss system- this is a combination of all the supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing pie lies. The ability of the roof to withstand wind and snow loads, to protect the interior from water and cold depends on the strength and reliability of this foundation. In order not to resort to expensive services of firms that perform roofing professionally, we will tell you what the four-pitched roof truss system consists of, what materials will be required for its manufacture and how to assemble it.

Types of hipped roofs

The name "four-pitched" combines several types of roofs, consisting of four planes, slopes:

Despite external differences, the truss systems of a hipped roof are made up of the same elements, guided by the same rules.

Types of truss systems

The roof truss system of the four-pitched type takes different kind, depending on the initial conditions: the area of ​​the overlapped house and interior layout. There are three types:

Which type of rafter system is suitable for a particular house is determined during the design period, making calculations and drawing up drawings.

Calculation of the slope of the slopes and the height of the ridge

The drafting of the truss system of a hipped roof begins with calculations that determine the geometry of the future structure:

To facilitate the process of designing a gable roof truss system, special computer calculator programs can be used, which require only the entry of initial data: the size of the house, the number of slopes.

Load calculation

The next design stage is the determination of the composition of the elements of the truss system and their section. To do this, perform the calculation of the loads to which the four-slope structure is subjected. They are divided into three types:

Summing up the values ​​of all loads, determine the total, which, depending on the roofing material used, can reach 180-250 kg per square meter. Based on this figure, the number of elements of the truss system and their cross section are determined, referring to the reference table. More complex systems it is more convenient to calculate in special programs, the result of which is finished circuit roof truss system of four-pitched type.

Main elements

The truss system of a hipped roof consists of many constituent parts, mandatory and auxiliary:

1. Mauerlat. A beam with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, evenly distributing the load along the perimeter of the bearing walls. The difference between a hipped roof is that its installation requires four Mauerlats, and not two, as for a gable roof.
2. Sill. A beam that serves as a support for racks, which is used in a layered truss system. He, like the Mauerlat, distributes the weight of the roof, but is located on the inner load-bearing wall.
3. Rafter legs. Elements from boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm, which carry the roofing pie and set the geometry of the slopes. In the construction of hipped roofs, ordinary, layered and outdoor rafters are used. Privates are located in pairs along the ridge run, forming trapezoidal slopes. Skew, diverging from the ridge to the two corners of the house, form end triangular slopes. And the outdoor rafters are supported top on layered and have different lengths.
4. Skate ride. Beam resting on vertical racks to which the rafters are attached. This is the highest point of the roof.
5. Racks. Vertical supports that are installed on the bed. They support the ridge run or the middle of the rafter leg.
6. Struts. Bars that are installed at an angle to the rafter legs to prevent their deflection.
7. Drawbar and bolt. Horizontal lintels made of wood or metal connecting pairs of rafter legs, reducing the bursting load on the walls. The crossbar is installed at the top of the rafters, in the puff at the bottom, often used as floor beams.
8. Sprengel farms. Sprengel - vertical riser for slanted rafters. If there is nothing to rest against, set a puff between two adjacent sides of the house and with the help metal corners attach the sprengel.
9. Crate. The basis for a flooring of roofing material. If the boards are nailed without gaps, the construction of the crate is called solid. And if the boards alternate with a small gap - trellised. The scheme of the lathing depends on the type of roofing material.
10. Eaves. Part of the rafters, which protrudes 40-50 cm beyond the perimeter of the house, protecting it from moisture.

Assembling the truss system

Having a drawing of the truss system in hand, you can begin assembly work. Since mainly natural wood is used as the material, it will not be superfluous to treat it with a deep penetration antiseptic to protect it from moisture and bacteria. Roofing craftsmen pay attention to a number of features that should be considered when installing a hipped roof truss system:

A well-designed and high-quality assembled truss system is the basis for the long-term operation of a hipped roof, which will become reliable protection from bad weather, whether it is tent or hip!

Video instruction

Pitched roofs are quite popular in private suburban construction, and therefore, for many, the truss roof system, which has some design features, is of great interest.

It is this type of roof that is the preferred option for both a country cottage and a gazebo erected on the adjacent territory.

It should be noted that the hipped roof gives the building a rather attractive appearance, and also allows you to get an additional attic room of a large area.

The truss system of a hipped roof has a complex device and its installation should be carried out only according to a preliminary calculation, the result of which should be a diagram.

The calculation of such a roof, both for the house and for the gazebo, can be done by hand, if you use a special program designed specifically for these purposes.

Its truss system allows for several different options. The four-slope roofs include half-hipped, as well as hipped, and each of them has its own specific features and differences.

Some types of these types of truss systems, the installation of which can be done by hand, are shown in the photo below.

Features and types of four-pitched roofing

The device and design of the truss system at the roof of the hipped type, first of all, depends on the configuration.

Currently, the hip, tent, and half-hip structures of the truss system are considered the most common, which can be used both for a private house and for a gazebo.

Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages.

In any case, the hip roof truss system involves a calculation that is made depending on the type chosen.

The hip type of the truss system is quite popular in private construction. Its design is quite resistant to various external influences and involves the installation and installation of trapezoidal-type slopes.

As a rule, its installation is carried out using several separate rafters that come from the top two points. This type of truss system can also be used to build a gazebo.

Hip roof options can be seen in the photo below.

Also quite common is a half-hipped roof, the design of which vaguely resembles a gable roof.

The advantage of this type of rafter system is the ability to equip a vertical window in the upper attic area.

Its device assumes the absence of a sharp protrusion, which allows it to withstand fairly strong wind loads.

In addition, in some cases, a half-hip truss system makes it possible to equip a full-fledged glazing of the upper space.

A hipped roof also belongs to the hipped roof, however, for its arrangement it is necessary that the structure near the walls of the building be made in the form of a square.

Device of this type the roof implies, due to the specific design of the slopes, the formation of a triangle with equal sides. Very often, a hipped roof is installed on gazebos.

Any of the types of this type of truss system implies an accurate calculation, on the basis of which the installation is carried out by one's own hands.

Design features

Four-pitched roof, regardless of its type in without fail has a frame, the design of which implies the presence of a sufficiently large number of various elements.

Each of them has a specific purpose and must meet its functional requirements.

In order for such a roof to withstand all possible loads during its operation, it is necessary to accurately calculate the capabilities of each of its constituent elements.

Such a calculation is a rather complex calculation that is not always possible to do it yourself.

It is best to entrust the calculation of a hipped roof to qualified specialists who have professional training.

The calculation can be made independently, but for this you will have to use a special program.

The easiest way to make such a calculation is for a gazebo, since its design has a simpler form and involves the use of fewer elements.

When calculating the roof frame, it is important to avoid critical errors, as this can lead to serious consequences during its subsequent operation.

In the event that mistakes are made, their correction can lead to serious financial investments and an increase in the cost of the entire construction.

First of all, when calculating the roof frame, it is important to determine the angle of inclination of its slopes. Calculations show that the higher the angle of inclination, the more building materials will be required.

Also, when calculating the roof, it is imperative to take into account the fact that the lower the angle of its inclination, the more powerful the structure of the frame itself should be.

Correctly made calculation will make the truss system better and more powerful.

A half-hip, hip or hipped roof of a hipped type is shown in the photo above.

Types and features of truss systems

The device of any type of roof frame of a hipped type can differ not only in a bay window, but also in the presence of certain constituent elements.

So, its installation involves the arrangement of a Mauerlat, a run, as well as a support board. In addition, the structure of the roof frame should include puffs, caps, and directly, the rafters themselves.

The installation of a hipped roof requires the arrangement of a crate, as well as some other mandatory elements.

A little simpler frame the roof of the gazebo and this is connected, first of all, with its design features. Installation of a hipped roof is shown in the video below.

In any case, in order to install the roof frame of a house or gazebo, it is necessary to develop a plan for the truss system and this should be done as accurately as possible.

Both a half-hipped and any other four-pitched roof consists directly of the frame and the rafter system itself, on which the roofing pie will subsequently be based.

An important point in arranging this type of roofing with your own hands is the uniform distribution of the expected load over the entire surface of its structure and then on the walls and directly on the foundation of the building.

This can be achieved not only by the correct design of the roof frame, but also by its installation. For this, truss systems of various types can be used.

Their choice mainly depends on the size of the house under construction. In addition, the presence of internal walls bearing type or additional supports.

In any case, the installation of the roof can be carried out using hanging or layered rafters, as detailed in the video below.

Structures of truss systems

Quite often, hanging-type truss systems are used. This type of construction involves the arrangement of two independent supports, which do not imply any intermediate support.

Such systems of rafters work both in bending and in compression. Also, the hanging type of construction of the truss system creates a horizontal force, which is accordingly transmitted to all load-bearing walls.

This type of load can be reduced by using special puffs, which are jumpers made of wood or metal connecting all wooden legs.

When erecting a mansard or attic roof, such puffs are installed at the base of the legs. If such a puff is attached above the base of the rafters, then its main function is only fixing.

It should be noted that the higher such a puff is set, the more durable all the constituent elements of the truss structure should be.

In those buildings in which a load-bearing middle wall is provided, or special supports are additionally installed, as a rule, a rafter system is equipped, which provides for the arrangement of layered rafters.

Such layered rafters with their lower parts rest directly on the Mauerlat, which must be laid over the entire surface of the outer walls of the house. In addition, such a truss system middle part additionally strengthened in the middle part of the house.

The design of the layered rafter system works on bending and has less weight than hanging rafters, which means that fewer building materials are used for its construction.

In addition, the rafter system, which is made using layered rafters, has a higher strength, and, accordingly, rigidity.

Some installation features

Any hipped roof, even if the device is designed for a gazebo, requires a complex structure, despite the fact that they can be equipped with a bay window of various shapes.

At the base of these types of roofs lies a triangle, which determines their high rigidity and stability.

The main elements of such a roof, which bear the main load, are the rafter legs, the design and installation of which should be given Special attention.

When installing such a roof with your own hands, it is recommended to follow the rules and construction technology with maximum accuracy.

In addition, you should use only high-quality building materials that have the necessary strength and reliability.

When erecting a four-pitched roof, special attention should be paid to all its corner elements that experience maximum amount loads.

If it is necessary to splice some elements of the frame, they should be additionally reinforced with appropriate racks and struts, which make it possible to reduce the overall load.

In general, a hipped roof is a complex constructively element of the house, which must be made in accordance with all requirements.

Roofing of four slopes - what is it good for? The numerous operational advantages of this type certainly outweigh the disadvantages. Is the rafter system of a hipped roof as simple as many beginners in the construction business think? You will definitely find out soon! We will describe the important nuances and features of the stages of the construction of a hip roof in this article.

What you need to know about four-pitched truss systems?

There are two variants of four-slope roofs: hip and tent. The first type has the shape of a rectangular envelope, consisting of two main trapezoidal slopes and a ridge, and two gable (side) slopes - triangles:

A hipped roof is four identical isosceles triangle connected at one upper point (reminiscent of a tent):

Both options provide for the installation of both layered and hanging rafters which are installed using standard technologies.

How to choose the type of truss system for a 4-pitched roof?

In the absence of a central roof support, the choice is made in favor of a hanging truss system. If for each rafter you can find the upper and lower supports, then you should choose a layered structure. This option is easier and more affordable for non-professional craftsmen. It is only necessary to remember two main conditions: with a rigid fastening of the bottom and top of the stop, a reinforced Mauerlat is needed, since the thrust is transferred to it; when hinged or semi-rigid (for example, the top is hinged and the bottom is rigid or vice versa), the Mauerlat does not need to be reinforced:

The choice of one of the types of hipped roof should be determined by the shape of the house itself. Hip rafters are erected for square houses, hip rafters for rectangular houses. Also, you can find complex pitched roofs combined type, which contain both hip and tent elements.

Both hip and tent structures retain the main functions of a gable roof (for example, the possibility of arranging an attic) and look very aesthetically pleasing:

Why is a four-pitched roof more popular than a two-pitched one?

"Why is there an extra headache and complexity? ”, - you ask: “After all, you can build a simple gable roof much faster and cheaper." Here the masters emphasize some important points in favor of choosing exactly four slopes for the roof:

1. High wind resistance. The four-pitched roof has no gables, all its planes are inclined towards the ridge. Such a structure minimizes the impact of strong winds and reduces to "0" possible destructive consequences.
2. The most successful load distribution. A multi-pitched roof withstands the maximum amount of precipitation, since gentle slopes take part of the main load. Therefore, sagging, deformation and destruction of the truss system, in this case, have a minimal probability.
3. The availability of a choice of any method of roof insulation. Straight gables require a special approach when choosing the type of roof insulation, as they are located vertically and are subject to wind blowing. The gentle slopes of hip and tent systems allow you to evenly insulate the roof with any available material.

In addition to the listed "pluses", a roof with four slopes saves heat well, can be lined with any roofing material and always has a neat appearance.

The device of the four-slope truss system

The four-pitched truss structure consists of the following elements: Mauerlat, ridge beam, central and hip rafters, slanted legs, as well as beds, racks, crossbars, struts and other reinforcing parts. Let's look at the most basic elements.

I. Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the most important detail construction, since the entire truss system rests on it. He represents a powerful wooden beam 100x200, 100x250, 100x100, 150x250, 200x200 cm. quality wood predominantly conifers. The rafter system of a hip roof, like any multi-pitched roof, requires a solid fastening of the base bar. The order of installation of the Mauerlat in this case: the formation monolithic foundation at the end of load-bearing walls with the installation of spiers; laying waterproofing; processing and installation of Mauerlat around the perimeter of the whole house; reinforcement with anchors and other fasteners for maximum reliability of the base.

Mauerlat can be laid on the edge of the wall, or in a pocket provided for when laying bricks with inside bearing walls.

II. Slanted legs

Slanted legs are called four corner rafters, which rest on the edges of the ridge and the corners of the Mauerlat. They are the longest among all the rafter legs of the system, therefore they must have a section of at least 100x150 mm for maximum rigidity.

III. ridge beam

The ridge run is a horizontal beam that connects all the rafters, the top of the rafter system. The beam must be strengthened with racks and struts. The ridge must be strictly parallel to the plane attic floor and perpendicular to the posts.

IV. rafters

Rafters for a hipped roof are divided into: central (attached to the Mauerlat and ridge); main hip (mounted on the axis of the ridge and Mauerlat); intermediate and shortened (installed on sloping legs and Mauerlat, connect the corners of the slopes).

V. Strengthening elements

Additional reinforcing elements include racks for ridge beams, crossbars or floor beams, struts of rafter legs, wind beams, etc.

Do-it-yourself rafter system for a hipped roof

Consider step by step process erection of a truss structure. For clarity, we have chosen the most popular option - a hip roof. The hip roof truss system, the diagram of which, step by step, is presented to your attention below:

Step I: Create a project

To depict your version of the hip roof in the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height, length, slopes of the slopes and the roof area. This is necessary for the clear and high-quality implementation of the project and the selection of the required amount of consumables:

Calculations should begin with the choice of the angle of the roof slopes. The optimal slope is considered to be an angle of 20-450. The slope must match climatic features region. So, in particularly windy areas, the slope should be made minimal, and for areas where precipitation is frequent and abundant, the steepest slope angle is necessary. In addition to the weather, you need to consider the roofing material that you plan to use. For a soft roof, the degree of inclination should be less, for a hard one - more.

And another small but important nuance on this issue - it is better to make the slope angle the same for all four slopes. So the load will be distributed evenly, and the structure will be as stable as possible, and the aesthetic appeal will remain “on top”.

Now that we know the slope and width of the house, we can use some simple math to calculate the height of the ridge, the length of the rafters, the posts, and other details of the truss system. When calculating the length of the rafters, do not forget to take into account the cornice overhang (as a rule, its length is 40-50 cm).

The roof area for the purchase of the required amount of roofing material is calculated as the sum of the areas of all the slopes of the structure.

How to draw up a roof drawing?

• We select the scale of the drawing and transfer the dimensions of the house on a scale to a sheet of paper;
• Next, we transfer the selected dimensions of our roof to the diagram: the height of the ridge, its length, the number and size of the rafter legs, struts, racks and all the details, in accordance with the calculations made earlier;
• Now you can count all the necessary materials and start looking for them.

Step II: Getting Ready

For erection roof frame you will need standard tools and equipment: drills, screwdriver, jigsaws, hammers, chisels, and more. We already know the required amount of materials for the truss system, so we can make their purchase. Lumber for the frame should be solid, not have cracks, wormholes, have a light shade, no gray or yellow bloom, smell like fresh wood. Wet forest should not be laid on the roof immediately, it must be dried, treated with an antiseptic solution and dried again. Wood moisture should not exceed 20%.

Step III: Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the basic part of the entire truss system. It transfers spacer loads to the load-bearing walls of the house. Installing a Mauerlat for a hipped roof is no different from similar structures with two or one slope. This process is described in as much detail as possible in our previous articles.

The warp beam, the parameters of which are described above, is placed on the armored belt and high-quality waterproofing. If it is necessary to connect the Mauerlat, then the bars are cut into half the section and overlapped using strong fasteners.

Step IV: Laying the decks or floor beams

If there are load-bearing walls inside the house, then it is necessary to install beds on their ends - the basis for support racks roofing system. If there are no more load-bearing floors in the house, then the attic floor is covered with reinforced beams, on which the supports for the roof are subsequently installed, and then the attic floor pie is laid.

Beams must have a cross section of at least 100x200 mm. The step between them is 60 cm. You can slightly adjust this figure, depending on the features of your home. The distance between the extreme beams and the Mauerlat should not be less than 90 cm. This distance is used for mounting the semi-beams of the cornice overhang (removal). The extensions are attached to the two extreme beams with the help of strong anchors and reinforced metal corners.

Step V: Installation of support posts, purlins and ridge

Racks are an important detail for maintaining the structure, they redistribute the weight of the truss system to the beds or floor beams. Racks are installed strictly perpendicular to the plane of the beds. AT four-slope systems supports are installed under a ridge beam (hip roof) or under corner rafters (hip roof):

Racks must be securely attached to the base with metal plates and reinforced corners. Runs are installed as an additional support for racks. AT hipped roof the runs are rectangular in shape, and for the hips they are ordinary ridge runs.

After we have made sure that the supports are installed correctly (with the help of a meter and a level), we can fix the upper ridge beam. It is mounted on vertical racks and reinforced with reliable metal fasteners(plates, corners, anchors and self-tapping screws). Now we take on the corner offsets:

Step VI: Mounting the rafters

First you need to install the side rafters, which are based on the ridge beam and the Mauerlat (or are fixed with the extension). To do this, you need to make a template rafter with the appropriate cuts. We attach the rafter leg to the ridge, mark the place washed down with a pencil, then mark the place where the rafters washed down for docking with the Mauerlat and make gashes. Attach the rafter to the supports again to make sure that the docking is correct and correct the shortcomings. Now this sample can be used for the manufacture of all side rafters. Installation of the rafter legs of the main slopes is carried out according to the general rules described in the device of the gable truss system (see article and video).

The diagonal (corner) rafters are mounted next. Their upper edge is mounted on a rack and joined with the edge of the ridge beam. Before this, measurements are taken and the corresponding cuts of the rafter legs are made. The lower end of the diagonals is fixed in the corners of the Mauerlat:

Since the diagonal rafters are longer than all the other legs, they require additional support. This function is performed by sprengel - support beams that are installed under each diagonal leg, in its lower quarter (this is where the greatest load occurs). Sprengel, as well as ridge racks, are installed on the supporting corner beams located in the plane of the floor beams.

Between the corner ribs, the space is filled with auxiliary rafter legs - sprigs. Their lower part rests on the Mauerlat, and the upper part rests on the diagonal rafter leg. The step between the sprigs should be equal to the step between the side rafters (50-150 cm).

Step VII: Lathing

It remains to complete the final stage of the formation of the roofing skeleton - the installation of the crate. These are boards or bars 50x50 mm, which are attached to the rafters parallel to the ridge run and the Mauerlat. The step of the boards of the crate is 50-60 cm. This is quite enough for laying the roofing pie. When soft roof, the crate is laid in 2 layers (counter-crate and crate).

Finally, a few videos:

So, we have described the installation of a hipped roof truss system, its basic principles, and even delved a little into some of the nuances. Hip and tent structures - although not the easiest, but quite feasible option for every novice master. Especially if he has good assistants. We wish you success in your work!

The roof is no less important element of the house than the foundation and walls. Its design sets the mood for the entire architectural ensemble, makes the building neat and attractive. The four-pitched roof has gained wide popularity not only because of its high reliability and external attractiveness, but also due to the opportunity to equip additional structures - dormers and dormer windows, bay windows, etc. Despite the fact that the installation of such a roof is a little more expensive and more complicated than a gable structure , it is still easy to build with your own hands.

Advantages of hipped roofs over gable roofs

One of the main tasks that appears even at the stage of designing your own house is the choice of the type of roof. The presence of many options among gable and four-slope structures requires an answer to the question of which roof to give preference to. And although the aesthetics of the building plays an important role, the criteria for reliability and practicality still come to the fore.

The gable roof is a classic structure, which is formed by two opposite slopes and a pair of vertical end parts, called gables. Spacious roof space allows you to equip the attic, living space or use the attic for domestic purposes.

The classic gable roof is easily recognizable by a pair of rectangular slopes that adjoin each other along the central axis of the building, and two triangular gables from its ends.

Structures of this type, due to their simplicity and practicality, remained the most popular in individual construction for a long time. At the same time, the dependence of the geometry of the roof on the size of the building, as well as the complication and increase in the cost of the structure during the arrangement of the attic, forced the search for other, more practical and functional options. And they were found in the form of a variety of hipped roofs, which basically have a pair of triangular and two trapezoidal slopes. The latter are often called hips, and the roof itself is called hip. When erecting a structure of this type, there is no need for gables and it becomes possible to make the building more modern and original.

The slopes of the simplest hip roof define surfaces in the form of two trapezoids and a pair of triangles

There are several advantages of hip roofs over traditional gable structures:

• the possibility of arranging attic windows directly on the slopes;
• increased strength, reliability and stability of the truss system;
• increased resistance to weather factors;
• the possibility of increasing the area of ​​​​the attic space by simply reducing the width of the base of the hip;
• more even weight distribution of the roof;
• improved temperature regime when arranging an attic room.

Don't be fooled by the numerous advantages of a more stylish hipped roof - it also has its drawbacks. These include more complex structure, a slight decrease in the size of the attic space and uneconomical consumption of roofing material. As for the costs, the budget that will be required for the construction of one and the other roof differs slightly.

The four-pitched roof is not a know-how in architecture - its design has been known since ancient times

Classification of hip roofs

Differences in the form of buildings, as well as the requirements for functionality and practicality of traditional hip roofing, contributed to the emergence of many variations. If we do not consider the most exotic of them, then we can distinguish several main types of hipped roofs.

1. Traditional hip roof, the side slopes of which reach the level of the eaves. For the construction of its main surfaces, straight rafters are used, and the hip ribs form bars extending from the ends of the ridge. The well-designed design and weight distribution of the roof over an increased area allows not only to place the overhangs on the same line, but also to increase their overhang. Thanks to this, the facade of the building is reliably protected from rain even with strong gusts of wind.

   Glazing elements are often built into the slopes of a classic hip roof.

2. A hipped roof can be installed on a house that has the shape of a square in plan. A feature of this design are slopes of the same configuration. Their edges converge to one point, and the hips have the shape of isosceles triangles.

   Hip roofs are widely used in modern individual construction.

3. Half-hip roofs got their name because of the shortened hips. Unlike traditional roofing, their length is reduced by 1.5–3 times compared to the dimensions of the main slopes.

   The side slopes of half-hipped roofs have a shortened length, so they do not reach the cornice line

4. The Danish semi-hip roof has a small pediment under the ridge and a short hip from the side of the eaves. This design allows you to install elements of ventilation and lighting directly into the vertical end of the roof, thereby eliminating the need to install skylights.

   The Danish project is good because it allows you to easily equip the attic

5. The semi-hipped Dutch roof has a vertical pediment that divides the hip into two short slopes. The Dutch truss system, although it has increased complexity, but it allows you to make the attic space more spacious and practical. In addition, this design is great for installing vertical glazing in the attic.

   The roof built according to the Dutch project is still rare in our area

6. The broken hipped roof has several slopes of different sizes on one slope. Thanks to their different inclination, it is possible to increase the amount of under-roof space. Though broken structure and cannot be called simple, houses with such a roof are very common. The reason for the popularity is the ability to equip additional living rooms on the upper tier. For this reason, a roof with broken slopes is often called a mansard.

   The sloping roof makes the architecture of the building somewhat heavier, but it allows you to equip several living quarters in the attic space

There are also more complex structures of many hips, as well as those in which a hipped roof is combined with roofing systems of other types. The design and installation of such a roof requires many years of experience and knowledge, so it is better to entrust the construction of a tricky roof to specialists.

Design of pitched roofs

When developing a hip roof, all types of loads that will affect it are taken into account. To do this, first of all, several important questions must be addressed:

• purpose of the attic space;
• roofing material;
• degree of atmospheric impact in the region of construction.

Based on these factors, the degree of inclination of the slopes and the roof area are determined, the loads are calculated and a decision is made on the design and parameters of the truss system.

Geometric parameters of slopes

The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the snow and wind load, therefore it varies over a very wide range - from 5 to 60 degrees. In areas with rainy weather and high snow cover, roofs are erected with a slope of 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by strong winds and minimal rainfall, then the slope can be reduced to the very minimum.

When determining the angular parameters of the roof, it is necessary to take into account what material it will be covered with:

• slate sheets, ondulin, roofing metal and rolled materials are laid on slopes with a slope of 14 to 60 degrees;
• tiles are mounted on the surface with a degree of slope from 30 to 60 degrees;
• roll coating is used on sloping slopes - from 5 to 18 degrees.

Having decided on the angle of inclination of the roof, it is not at all difficult to calculate at what height the ridge will be. To do this, use simple trigonometric formulas for a right triangle.

Roof area

Even the most complex hip roof consists of separate slopes that follow the contours of the simplest geometric shapes, so most often for calculations it is enough to know the linear dimensions of the base and the angles of the hips.

To determine the quadrature of the roof, it is necessary to add the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes of which it consists

The total roof area is calculated by summing the quadrature of the individual hips. stingrays complex configuration divided into several simple surfaces, after which separate calculations are carried out for each of them.

The principles for calculating the geometric parameters of hipped roofs are based on calculations for simple surfaces

Load calculation

The loads acting on the hipped roof are divided into two types:

• permanent,
• periodic.

The first includes the weight of roofing materials, rafters, battens and other frame parts. The second is the effort exerted by precipitation and the force of the wind. In addition, the calculation should take into account the payload in the form of various engineering systems and communications attached to the elements of the truss system.

Focusing on SNiP, when designing a roof, it is necessary to take a snow load of 180 kg / sq. m. If there is a danger of snow accumulation on the roof, this parameter rises to 400–450 kg / sq. m. m. If the roof has a slope angle of more than 60 degrees, then the snow load can be ignored - precipitation does not linger on surfaces with such steep slopes.

The strength of wind loads is much less - up to 35 kg / sq. m. If the slope of the roof is from 5 to 30 degrees, then the impact that the wind has can be neglected.

The above parameters of atmospheric effects are average values ​​taken for the middle band. When performing calculations, correction factors should be used depending on the region of construction.

Calculation of the truss system

When calculating the rafter system, the pitch of the rafters and the maximum load that they can carry are determined. Based on these data, a decision is made to install braces that contribute to the redistribution of the load, and puffs that protect the frame from loosening.

The main load of the hip roof falls on the diagonal rafters

The presence of hips on hipped roofs, in addition to conventional rafters, also requires the installation of diagonal (in other words, slanting) - those that are attached to the ridge and go to the corners of the building. Their length is greater than the transverse nodal elements of the roof. In addition, shortened elements - sprigs - are attached to the diagonal ribs. Compared to conventional rafters, slanting legs experience a load increased by 1.5–2 times, so their cross section is doubled, and to ensure multi-span, they are supported by one or two racks.

Often, hip roofs have a complicated truss system, which, unlike a simple four-slope structure, exerts an additional load at the installation sites of vertical supports. This feature must be taken into account when calculating the strength of the wooden frame of the roof.

The distance of laying the rafters is called a step and is determined based on the length of the rafter leg and the cross section of the lumber used. It is most convenient to determine this parameter using special tables, one of which is given below.

Table: dependence of the section and pitch of the rafters on their length

Manual calculations are quite laborious. To reduce design time, you can use one of the online calculators to determine the parameters of hip roofs. It can be used to determine not only geometric parameters, but also a host of other equally important factors:

• the amount of moisture and heat insulation, taking into account overlaps;
• the amount of roofing material, including waste generated during cutting;
• the volume of lumber required for arranging the truss system;
• length of overhangs, etc.

Video: using a construction calculator to calculate the roof

What materials will be needed to assemble the truss system

For the construction of a hip roof, timber and a board made of larch, pine and other coniferous wood are best suited. When choosing a material for construction, it is necessary to carefully reject defective boards. Fungal damage, knots and cracks reduce the strength of the boards and affect the durability of the roof. With a wood moisture content of more than 22%, lumber is stacked on outdoors and dry. It should be understood that under-dried boards can warp, and this, in turn, will lead to a violation of the geometry of the roof with possible damage finish coat.

To assemble a wooden frame, a rectangular beam with a cross section from 80x80 mm to 150x150 mm is used - the exact parameters are determined by calculation or using the table above. Alternatively, you can use a board with a section of 50x100 mm or 50x200 mm. If there is a need to strengthen the rafter leg, then paired boards are used.

For reliable fastening, as well as increasing the rigidity of the wooden frame, steel brackets and other metal elements are used. Often, under especially loaded ridge runs, not wooden ones are installed, but steel supports. Combined frames have increased strength and reliability.

Features of the truss system

In order to properly design and install a four-pitched roof, it is necessary to understand in detail its design, as well as the features of the arrangement of hip roofs of the most common types.

The device of the truss system in detail

The frame of the hip roof consists of most of the same parts as the gable roof, but a more complex truss system requires installation additional elements. Upon closer examination, the following components can be found:

All these elements can be found in a hipped roof of any type. The only exception is the hipped roof, which does not have side rafters and a ridge beam.

In wooden and frame houses, the truss system is mounted without a Mauerlat. In the first case, its functions are taken over by the extreme crowns, and in the second - by the upper harness.

Varieties of hip roof truss systems

Since the hip roof truss system is based on rafters, the following rules must be followed when installing the roof frame:

1. In structures where the sloping legs experience an increased load, a beam of double thickness is used for their manufacture.
2. The splicing of individual parts of the diagonal rafters is performed in places with maximum load (most often in their upper part) and strengthened with struts and vertical posts installed at an angle of 90 ° to the rafter legs.
3. In the manufacture of rafters, a margin for trimming in place should be provided, therefore, the estimated length of the timber is increased by 5–10%.
4. Responsible joints of the rafter legs must be reinforced with metal fasteners - staples, twists or perforated building strips.

When choosing a rafter system, it is necessary to take into account the size of the building and the presence of internal supports or capital walls. Based on specific conditions, choose a scheme with hanging or layered rafters.

Hanging rafter system

The hanging rafter roof structure has no midline supports, so the bulk of the weight falls on the walls of the outer perimeter. This feature manifests itself in the redistribution of internal forces - the rafter system is subjected to compressive and bending loads. As for the walls, significant bursting forces are transmitted to them. To eliminate this factor, each pair of rafters is interconnected by so-called puffs - jumpers made of wooden beams or rolled metal.

The puff can be located both at the base of the rafter legs and above. In the first case, the jumper will also play the role cross beam, That is good option during construction mansard roof. If the puff is installed in the region of the midline or higher, then it will only serve as a fixing link. It should be noted that the cost of the truss system depends on such a seemingly insignificant moment as the installation height of the puffs. The higher they are located cross bridges, the larger should be the cross section of all components of the wooden frame.

Hip roofs with layered and hanging rafters have differences between supporting elements designs

Structural rafter construction

A hip roof with layered rafters is only suitable for those houses whose interior space is divided into two equal parts by a main wall or supporting pillars installed to support the ceiling. In this case, the lower edge of the rafter legs rests on the Mauerlat, and the middle part rests on the supporting wall. The presence of additional support points allows you to unload the elements of the truss system, removing sign-variable horizontal forces from them, as well as from the walls of the building. Like roof beams, rafters begin to work only in bending. The frame with layered rafters becomes more rigid and durable compared to the design that uses unsupported rafters. And this despite the fact that in the first case, you can use a beam of a smaller section. And this helps to reduce the weight of a wooden structure and reduces the cost of purchasing lumber.

Installation of a pitched roof

The assembly of the truss system must be carried out in a strictly defined order. This is necessary in order to properly install and secure all structural elements of the roof.

1. To redistribute the load that the roof structure, wind and precipitation exert on the walls, a Mauerlat is laid on the outer walls. In individual construction, a bar with a section of at least 100x150 mm is used for these purposes. Anchor studs are used to fasten the longitudinal beams of the structure. They must be laid in the upper rows of masonry even at the stage of building walls. Mauerlat waterproofing is performed using two layers of roofing material, which is laid on top of the load-bearing walls.

   Mauerlat is fixed to the load-bearing wall with bolts or anchors.

2. If it is necessary to install vertical supports, beds are laid on the bearing walls. For horizontal alignment of the elements of the truss system, wooden linings are used. In the future, this will greatly simplify the installation of racks and runs. If capital partitions are not provided for by the building plan, then vertical supports are mounted on floor beams. To do this, they are reinforced by splicing two boards 50x200 mm or using one bar 100x200 mm.

   The support of vertical racks on beams is allowed only if the structure will rest on the main pier

3. Set up support stands. To level them, use a plumb line or laser level and then install temporary supports. To attach a vertical support to a bed or a horizontal beam, metal corners and plates are used.
4. Runs are laid on top of the racks. The traditional hip roof requires the installation of one run, which, in fact, forms the ridge. Tent structures require the installation of four runs. As with the installation of racks, fastening is carried out using metal corners and self-tapping screws.

   The ridge run can be fastened both directly to the rafter leg and by means of wooden slips

5. Rafter preparation. The side rafter legs of simple four-slope roofs are mounted in the same way as the rafters on a gable roof. First you need to make a template. To do this, from the side of the extreme support, a board of the same width as the rafters is applied to the ridge. Its thickness should not exceed 25 mm - the template should be light. On this board, a gash is noted, which is necessary for reliable support and an exact fit of the rafter leg to the ridge beam, as well as a cutout corresponding to the place of joining with the Mauerlat. The marked places are cut out and then used for quick preparation of rafter legs.

   Making a template can reduce the time it takes to prepare rafters for installation

6. When applying the manufactured sample to the running beam, it is necessary to check whether an exact fit of the rafters is needed. If there are gaps, cuts in the rafters are performed taking into account the amendments. After all the supporting legs are ready, they are set in increments of 50–150 cm and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge. Staples are best suited for mounting, but powerful metal corners can also be taken.
7. As already mentioned, diagonal rafters are made from spliced ​​boards or a beam of increased cross section. For their installation, you will also need a template, which is prepared in full accordance with the method described above. Since the rafters on one side adjoin the corner of the Mauerlat, and on the other they rest on the racks, the sawing is performed at an angle of 45 ° to the plane.

   The layout of the rafters and joists on the hip roof is performed according to the template

8. In the intervals between the slanting rafters, sprigs are attached. Their step corresponds to the distance between the rafters, and the diagonal legs and the Mauerlat act as support points. The load experienced by the rafters cannot be compared with the weight that falls on the rafters, so the first can be built from boards 30-50 mm thick. To speed up the installation, you will need a template with cuts from the side of the diagonal rafter and Mauerlat, but the cutouts on half of the sprigs must be made in a mirror image.

   The use of metal fasteners makes the truss system more rigid and stable.

9. If there is a need, then fillies are attached to the rafters and sprigs. The ends of the truss elements are cut along the cord.

   Fastening rafters to the Mauerlat can be done in several ways

10. Strengthen the side and side rafters. In the first case, vertical trusses are used, and in the second, struts installed at an angle of 45 °. They are supported on beds or beams.
11. After the rafter system is assembled, a roofing pie is installed on top of it.

    The truss system is prepared for the installation of roofing materials

Sheathing and insulation

Before proceeding with the installation of the battens, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the rafters, and, if necessary, roll thermal insulation. From above, the insulation layer is covered with a waterproofing film, which is mounted with an overlap of 10–20 mm wide and attached to the beam with a construction stapler. After that, the slats of the counter-lattice are nailed to the rafters. If the roofing pie is mounted without insulation, then vapor barrier is not required - a layer of moisture-resistant material will suffice. Of course, additional slats will not be needed, since the boards supporting the roof will be attached directly to the sprigs and rafter legs.

Depending on the type of roofing material, one of two types of lathing is used on hip roofs:

• solid;
• sparse.

The first is most often equipped under a soft roof, and only in some cases - for arranging an attic space. The crate of this type is made of boards with a width of 100 to 200 mm and a thickness of at least 20–25 mm. Installation is carried out without gaps. In addition, the use of plywood sheets and OSB boards is allowed. Their advantage is an extremely flat surface, which allows you to lay roofing material with minimal cost time and effort.

Under a soft roof, a continuous sheathing of OSB, plywood or boards stuffed without a gap is equipped

For a sparse crate, the same boards are used as in the first case, however, they are mounted with a gap. Since this type of base is used for laying slate, corrugated board, metal tiles and roofing iron, the distance between the individual boards must take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.

The fastening of the crate is carried out with nails, the length of which is equal to three times the thickness of the boards. If self-tapping screws are used for fixing, then a shorter threaded fastener with a length corresponding to twice the thickness of the lumber can be used.

For fixing slate, ondulin and other sheet materials, a sparse crate is used

The wooden base of the roofing pie is mounted from the bottom up, while the first board of each slope is set parallel to the Mauerlat. First, the crate is stuffed on the hips, after which the protruding edges are cut with a hacksaw flush with the diagonal ribs. Next, they begin to fasten the lumber on the main slopes, releasing the edges of the boards behind the rafters. After that, the ends of the boards are cut down similarly to the first case.

Video: we build a hip roof with our own hands

Typical hip roof project

When building a simple hip roof, you can use a typical project that was developed by specialists. Project documentation includes:

• technological map;
• roofing design;
• schemes of the truss system;
• drawings of sections and corner joints;
• statement and specification with a complete list of materials used.

The documentation below is provided as an example. standard project hip roof for a house of 155 sq. m.

Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof

The drawing indicates the exact dimensions of all elements of the roof. At the base of the truss truss are triangles. Rafters of trapezoidal slopes rest on the long load-bearing walls of the building. Puffs are installed at the base of the rafters and act as floor beams. rafter fastenings are used wooden and hardware Fasteners allow you to transfer the load from one element of the system to another

Despite the apparent complexity of a four-slope roof, it is not much more difficult to build it with your own hands than a gable structure. It is only important to carefully understand the appointment individual elements and principles of construction of the truss system. Otherwise, the reliability and durability of the roof will still depend on compliance with the technology and accuracy of installation. As for the additional difficulties and costs, they will pay off with complete satisfaction from the work, which will make the building brighter and more attractive.

Four-pitched roofs are of 2 types - tent and hip. The rafter system of a house is a complex structure, which requires careful study of all components of the structure. To increase the rigidity of the frame, it is necessary to connect individual rafters into a common structure, and the frame must be securely attached to the building structure.

4 piece construction- hip roof, it consists of 2 triangular elements and 2 trapeziums. Essentially, this roof is made of 2 parts: gable roof, partially covering the length of the house, and hips - 3 coal slopes. The economy of this type of roof lies in the absence of gables. Modifications of these roofs are Danish and semi-hip roofs.

Unlike the construction described above, hipped roofs have 3 coal slopes, connected at one point by vertices. With their device, it is necessary to arrange a special truss structure. With a large angle of slope of the roof slope, they are called spire-shaped.

The positive properties of the hip roof:

1. Properly designed and manufactured hip roof due to the fact that it does not have tongs or gables, it has minimal resistance to air flow. As a result, it perfectly resists strong winds and is almost not subject to destruction in the areas of cornice overhangs.
2. Due to the presence in the structure of the corner ribs connected on the ridge, is not subject to deformation, as it has a high rigidity of the structure:
3. This type of roof makes it possible to make large overhangs on all sides of the house, thus protecting all walls from precipitation.
4. Hip roof visually reduces the height of the building, this can help if the house needs to be combined with an already built one-story building without changing the nature of the building and maintaining the balance of the ensemble.
5. This roof looks great.

Structural elements

Consists of:

• rafters installed to the corners of the walls in an inclined position;
• short rafters(spooks);
• braces and racks;
• runs and lie down;
• sprengels;
• crossbars;
• used as a support for slanting rafters;

Varieties of rafters and roofs

For a hipped roof, a system of rafters is installed using hanging and layered technology, depending on the method of fastening used. It is more difficult to create a hanging structure and more labor costs are required to repair it.

It’s easier to make a layered truss structure. Usually, this design is used if the building has intermediate support pillars or a load-bearing wall in the middle.

The support makes it possible to make the length of the span covered by the layered rafters longer. Often, this system is used in the construction of hipped roofs with a slight slope.

Hip roof structures

The slope angle of the slopes of such a roof should not exceed 40 degrees; the construction should use rafters installed in the direction of the corners of the building.

Roof elements of this type are called diagonal. It is they who perceive the main load on the roof, for this reason, they are made from a double board or high-quality timber.

In the manufacture of such runs, the difficulty is their length. To increase it, use the method used in the manufacture of prefabricated rafters, connected from 2 parts. The joints are supported by a stand, which increases the reliability of the connection.

In addition, for hip roofs, it is necessary to install additional rafters, shorter than the main ones. They are used on triangular slopes, arranged instead of the gables of an ordinary roof.

hipped roofs

Structurally, hipped roof rafters pitched roofs are slightly different. The difference is that in this case hips are not used, since the roof slopes are the same in shape and area. The ridge is also not used here, for this reason the work can be more difficult than when building a hip roof.

It is not advisable to use four-pitched roofs of large buildings, because the reliability of such a roof is less.

Such structures are used subject to 2 conditions:

1. The house must be square.
2. In the center of the building there is a support or load-bearing wall capable of supporting the upright.

Broken roofs

Broken roofactually has 4, not 2 ramps. Most often they are used to increase the attic space. This method is well suited for a house in the private sector, due to the fact that with the same area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building, the living area increases by almost 2 times.

Arranging broken roofs, often, a frame is created in advance, which serves as a support for the girders, supporting the legs of the rafters.

In general, the construction of such a roof can be divided into 3 stages:

1. First install the U-shaped elements, from beams and racks of attic floors.
2. After that, runs from high-quality timber are installed. The legs of the rafters of pitched roofs of this type require the use of a minimum of 3 such elements. Of these, 2 are placed at the corners of the U-shaped elements, and the ridge run is installed on special racks located in the middle of the attic floor beams. This is how it is created solid construction, able to withstand, in addition to the mass of the rafter legs, the weight of the fallen snow and a strong load from gusts of wind.
3. The last step - installing the legs of the rafters, which must be placed according to a previously prepared template.

Self-assembly

Taking into account the fact that the rafters are the basis for the design of the truss system, the assembly of the roof should be carried out taking into account the following points:

1. Rafters assembled from reinforced (double) material.
2. Connect individual parts of the rafters it is better in areas experiencing maximum loads and support them with vertical posts or struts.
3. To prevent error in calculating the size of the rafters, collect them with a small margin.
4. It is better to strengthen the structure with additional metal elements or with the help of twists of thick wire.

The size of the diagonal rafters is usually larger than the size of standard boards and timber, in order to obtain the required length, the source material is spliced, and supports are installed under the joints.

Installation of the truss system

First of all, the Mauerlat is fixed to the walls of the building, and marking work is immediately carried out. Next, they fix the ridge beam with the help of a spirit level and a plumb line. Here it is necessary to maintain its location in planes and height as accurately as possible, the correct assembly of the truss structure directly depends on this.

Support posts are mounted on jibs under the ridge beam. After that, the legs of the rafters are installed. This is the beginning of creating the roof planes of the house. Here the size of the overhang is marked.

After that, the side slopes of the roof are created and attached. Intermediate rafters are placed on the places intended for them and the sprigs are fixed, during the installation of which it is necessary to accurately mark, in addition to the parallelism of their installation, also that they are strictly in the same plane with the side slopes. After that, the roof sheathing is mounted.

The roof of the house can serve for a long time only if all kinds of loads are taken into account in the calculations. It is necessary to add up the weight of snow, battens, wind exposure, the mass of roofing, waterproofing and insulation.

Types of load and its calculation

From the snow

For the roof of the house, the accumulation of a large layer of snow is dangerous, if the slope is small, then a whole snowdrift can collect on it. To compensate for the weight of the mass of snow, a continuous crate is arranged near the elements protruding above the roof, and the waterproofing layer is reinforced.

Besides, snow bag at normal slope, will gradually begin to slide down the slope of the roof and gradually reach the cornice overhang. With a large size of the eaves, it may be damaged and even destroyed.

From the influence of the wind

With wind load, the problem is to securely fix the roof, if the fastening is not strong enough, then the wind will simply tear it off. With an increase in the slope of the roof and its height, it increases wind load, but there are differences in lift and wind pressure.

The wind creates pressure on the roof with a large slope, and when the slope of the slopes decreases, a powerful lifting force appears that can blow your roof off with powerful gusts of wind.

To counteract the effects of wind, it is necessary to firmly fix all elements of the roof. For example, pins made of metal concreted into the walls, to which the rafter legs will be attached.

The mass of the finish coating affects the roof no less than other factors. If laid roofing with a large mass, then keep in mind that it affects the structure constantly. It must be remembered that with an increase in 1m 2 of coverage, it is necessary to increase the angle of its slope.

When calculating, you need to remember about heat-insulating material, which may have a significant mass. If it is planned to build and equip an attic room, it is necessary to include in the calculations the weight of the material used for its interior decoration.

Roofing of four slopes - what is it good for? The numerous operational advantages of this type certainly outweigh the disadvantages. Is the rafter system of a hipped roof as simple as many beginners in the construction business think? You will definitely find out soon! We will describe the important nuances and features of the stages of the construction of a hip roof in this article.

What you need to know about four-pitched truss systems?

There are two variants of four-slope roofs: hip and tent. The first type has the shape of a rectangular envelope, consisting of two main trapezoidal slopes and a ridge, and two gable (side) slopes - triangles:

A hipped roof is four identical isosceles triangles connected at one upper point (reminiscent of a tent):

Both options provide for the installation of both layered and hanging rafters, which are installed using standard technologies.

How to choose the type of truss system for a 4-pitched roof?

In the absence of a central roof support, the choice is made in favor of a hanging truss system. If for each rafter you can find the upper and lower supports, then you should choose a layered structure. This option is easier and more affordable for non-professional craftsmen. It is only necessary to remember two main conditions: with a rigid fastening of the bottom and top of the stop, a reinforced Mauerlat is needed, since the thrust is transferred to it; when hinged or semi-rigid (for example, the top is hinged and the bottom is rigid or vice versa), the Mauerlat does not need to be reinforced:

The choice of one of the types of hipped roof should be determined by the shape of the house itself. Hip rafters are erected for square houses, hip rafters for rectangular houses. Also, you can find complex multi-pitched roofs of a combined type, which contain both hip and tent elements.

Both hip and tent structures retain the main functions of a gable roof (for example, the possibility of arranging an attic) and look very aesthetically pleasing:

Why is a four-pitched roof more popular than a two-pitched one?

“Why the extra headache and complexity?” You ask: “After all, you can build a simple gable roof much faster and cheaper.” Here, the masters emphasize some important points in favor of choosing exactly four slopes for the roof:

1. High wind resistance. The four-pitched roof has no gables, all its planes are inclined towards the ridge. Such a structure minimizes the impact of strong winds and reduces to "0" possible destructive consequences.
2. The most successful load distribution. A multi-pitched roof withstands the maximum amount of precipitation, since gentle slopes take part of the main load. Therefore, sagging, deformation and destruction of the truss system, in this case, have a minimal probability.
3. The availability of a choice of any method of roof insulation. Straight gables require a special approach when choosing the type of roof insulation, as they are located vertically and are subject to wind blowing. The gentle slopes of hip and tent systems allow you to evenly insulate the roof with any available material.

In addition to the listed "pluses", a roof with four slopes saves heat well, can be lined with any roofing material and always has a neat appearance.

The device of the four-slope truss system

The four-pitched rafter structure consists of the following elements: Mauerlat, ridge beam, central and hip rafters, slanting legs, as well as beds, racks, crossbars, struts and other reinforcing parts. Let's look at the most basic elements.

I. Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the most important detail of the structure, since the entire truss system rests on it. It is a powerful wooden beam 100x200, 100x250, 100x100, 150x250, 200x200 cm. Mauerlat is made from solid high-quality wood, mainly conifers. The rafter system of a hip roof, like any multi-pitched roof, requires a solid fastening of the base bar. The order of installation of the Mauerlat in this case: the formation of a monolithic foundation at the end of the bearing walls with the installation of spiers; laying waterproofing; processing and installation of Mauerlat around the perimeter of the whole house; reinforcement with anchors and other fasteners for maximum reliability of the base.

Mauerlat can be laid on the edge of the wall, or in the pocket provided for when laying bricks on the inside of the bearing walls.

II. Slanted legs

Slanted legs are called four corner rafters, which rest on the edges of the ridge and the corners of the Mauerlat. They are the longest among all the rafter legs of the system, therefore they must have a section of at least 100x150 mm for maximum rigidity.

III. ridge beam

The ridge run is a horizontal beam that connects all the rafters, the top of the rafter system. The beam must be strengthened with racks and struts. The ridge should be located strictly parallel to the plane of the attic floor and perpendicular to the uprights.

IV. rafters

Rafters for a hipped roof are divided into: central (attached to the Mauerlat and ridge); main hip (mounted on the axis of the ridge and Mauerlat); intermediate and shortened (installed on sloping legs and Mauerlat, connect the corners of the slopes).

V. Strengthening elements

Additional reinforcing elements include racks for ridge beams, crossbars or floor beams, struts of rafter legs, wind beams, etc.

Do-it-yourself rafter system for a hipped roof

Consider the phased process of erecting a truss structure. For clarity, we have chosen the most popular option - a hip roof. The hip roof truss system, the diagram of which, step by step, is presented to your attention below:

Step I: Create a project

To depict your version of the hip roof in the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height, length, slopes of the slopes and the roof area. This is necessary for the clear and high-quality implementation of the project and the selection of the required amount of consumables:

Calculations should begin with the choice of the angle of the roof slopes. The optimal slope is considered to be an angle of 20-450. The slope value should correspond to the climatic features of the region. So, in particularly windy areas, the slope should be made minimal, and for areas where precipitation is frequent and abundant, the steepest slope angle is necessary. In addition to the weather, you need to consider the roofing material that you plan to use. For a soft roof, the degree of inclination should be less, for a hard one - more.

And one more small but important nuance on this issue - it is better to make the slope angle the same for all four slopes. So the load will be distributed evenly, and the structure will be as stable as possible, and the aesthetic appeal will remain “on top”.

Now that we know the slope and width of the house, we can use some simple math to calculate the height of the ridge, the length of the rafters, the posts, and other details of the truss system. When calculating the length of the rafters, do not forget to take into account the cornice overhang (as a rule, its length is 40-50 cm).

The roof area for the purchase of the required amount of roofing material is calculated as the sum of the areas of all the slopes of the structure.

How to draw up a roof drawing?

• We select the scale of the drawing and transfer the dimensions of the house on a scale to a sheet of paper;
• Next, we transfer the selected dimensions of our roof to the diagram: the height of the ridge, its length, the number and size of the rafter legs, struts, racks and all the details, in accordance with the calculations made earlier;
• Now you can count all the necessary materials and start looking for them.

Step II: Getting Ready

To build a roof frame, you will need standard tools and equipment: drills, a screwdriver, jigsaws, hammers, chisels, and more. We already know the required amount of materials for the truss system, so we can make their purchase. Lumber for the frame should be solid, not have cracks, wormholes, have a light shade, no gray or yellow bloom, smell like fresh wood. Wet forest should not be laid on the roof immediately, it must be dried, treated with an antiseptic solution and dried again. Wood moisture should not exceed 20%.

Step III: Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the basic part of the entire truss system. It transfers spacer loads to the load-bearing walls of the house. Installing a Mauerlat for a hipped roof is no different from similar structures with two or one slope. This process is described in as much detail as possible in our previous articles.

The base beam, the parameters of which are described above, is placed on the armored belt and high-quality waterproofing. If it is necessary to connect the Mauerlat, then the bars are cut into half the section and overlapped using strong fasteners.

Step IV: Laying the decks or floor beams

If there are load-bearing walls inside the house, then it is necessary to install beds on their ends - the basis for the supporting racks of the roofing system. If there are no more load-bearing floors in the house, then the attic floor is covered with reinforced beams, on which the supports for the roof are subsequently installed, and then the attic floor pie is laid.

Beams must have a cross section of at least 100x200 mm. The step between them is 60 cm. You can slightly adjust this figure, depending on the features of your home. The distance between the extreme beams and the Mauerlat should not be less than 90 cm. This distance is used for mounting the semi-beams of the cornice overhang (removal). The extensions are attached to the two extreme beams with the help of strong anchors and reinforced metal corners.

Step V: Installation of support posts, purlins and ridge

Racks are an important detail for maintaining the structure, they redistribute the weight of the truss system to the beds or floor beams. Racks are installed strictly perpendicular to the plane of the beds. In four-pitched systems, supports are installed under a ridge beam (hip roof) or under corner rafters (hip roof):

Racks must be securely attached to the base with metal plates and reinforced corners. Runs are installed as an additional support for racks. In a hipped roof, the girders are rectangular in shape, and for the hips, these are ordinary ridge girders.

After we have made sure that the supports are installed correctly (with the help of a meter and a level), we can fix the upper ridge beam. It is mounted on vertical racks and reinforced with reliable metal fasteners (plates, corners, anchors and self-tapping screws). Now we take on the corner offsets:

Step VI: Mounting the rafters

First you need to install the side rafters, which are based on the ridge beam and the Mauerlat (or are fixed with the extension). To do this, you need to make a template rafter with the appropriate cuts. We attach the rafter leg to the ridge, mark the place washed down with a pencil, then mark the place where the rafters washed down for docking with the Mauerlat and make gashes. Attach the rafter to the supports again to make sure that the docking is correct and correct the shortcomings. Now this sample can be used for the manufacture of all side rafters. Installation of the rafter legs of the main slopes is carried out according to the general rules described in the device of the gable truss system (see article and video).

The diagonal (corner) rafters are mounted next. Their upper edge is mounted on a rack and joined with the edge of the ridge beam. Before this, measurements are taken and the corresponding cuts of the rafter legs are made. The lower end of the diagonals is fixed in the corners of the Mauerlat:

Since the diagonal rafters are longer than all the other legs, they require additional support. This function is performed by sprengel - support beams that are installed under each diagonal leg, in its lower quarter (this is where the greatest load occurs). Sprengel, as well as ridge racks, are installed on the supporting corner beams located in the plane of the floor beams.

Between the corner ribs, the space is filled with auxiliary rafter legs - sprigs. Their lower part rests on the Mauerlat, and the upper part rests on the diagonal rafter leg. The step between the sprigs should be equal to the step between the side rafters (50-150 cm).

Step VII: Lathing

It remains to complete the final stage of the formation of the roofing skeleton - the installation of the crate. These are boards or bars 50x50 mm, which are attached to the rafters parallel to the ridge run and the Mauerlat. The step of the boards of the crate is 50-60 cm. This is quite enough for laying the roofing pie. When a soft roof is provided, the crate is laid in 2 layers (counter-crate and crate).

Finally, a few videos:

So, we have described the installation of a hipped roof truss system, its basic principles, and even delved a little into some of the nuances. Hip and tent structures - although not the easiest, but quite feasible option for every novice master. Especially if he has good assistants. We wish you success in your work!